毕业设计英文翻译模板0425
毕业设计英文翻译
毕业设计英文翻译Graduation Project (700 words)My graduation project is the result of four years of hard work and dedication to my chosen field of study, which is computer engineering. This project aims to address a specific problem in the field and provide a solution that can contribute to the advancement of technology.The problem I have identified is the lack of efficient and secure data transfer in wireless communication systems. With the increasing demand for wireless connectivity in various industries, such as healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, there is a need for a reliable and fast data transfer method to ensure the smooth operation of these systems.To tackle this problem, I have designed a novel protocol that combines aspects of existing wireless communication protocols with additional security features. This protocol aims to provide a secure and efficient data transfer method by using encryption algorithms and error detection techniques.The protocol has been implemented and tested using simulations and experimental setups. The results have shown significant improvements in data transfer rates and security compared to existing protocols. This project also includes a detailed analysis of the protocol's performance metrics, such as throughput, latency, and packet loss, to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.In addition to the protocol design and implementation, I have also developed a user-friendly interface that allows users to easily configure and monitor the wireless communication system. This interface includes features such as network topology visualization, performance monitoring, and error reporting. It enables users to easily identify and troubleshoot any issues that may arise during the operation of the system.The completion of this graduation project required extensive research, experimentation, and collaboration with industry professionals. I have conducted a thorough literature review to gain a deep understanding of the current state of wireless communication systems and the challenges they face. I have also consulted with experts in the field to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of my proposed solution.The significance of this graduation project lies in its potential to revolutionize wireless communication systems by providing a more secure and efficient data transfer method. This will not only benefit various industries that rely on wireless connectivity but also contribute to the advancement of technology as a whole.Throughout the course of this project, I have gained valuable skills in problem-solving, critical thinking, and project management. I have also enhanced my technical knowledge and practical abilities in the field of computer engineering. This experience has prepared me for a successful career in the industry and given me the confidence to tackle complex challenges in the future.In conclusion, my graduation project addresses the problem ofinefficient and secure data transfer in wireless communication systems. Through the design and implementation of a novel protocol, I have provided a solution that improves data transfer rates and security. This project has the potential to revolutionize wireless communication systems and contribute to the advancement of technology.。
本科毕业论文英文翻译格式模板
毕业论文（设计）
英文翻译
姓名
学号
所在学院
专业班级 2007级信科2班
指导教师
日期 2011年3月30 日
英文原文（三号宋体加粗，段前0.5行，段后0.5行，居中）
Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in theoperation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer;Analyse its scope of application, provide and use the circuit concretly; Combine the instance, analyse the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way. （Times new Roman小四，1.25倍行，段前0行，段后0行，两端对齐）
中文翻译（三号宋体加粗，段前0.5行，段后0.5行，居中）
介绍一种用休眠-复位运行方式提高单片机抗干扰能力的方法；分析其适用范围，给出具体应用电路；结合实例，分析这种运行方式下硬件和软件设计的特点。
（小四，1.25倍行，段前0行，段后0行，两端对齐）。
毕业设计英语
毕业设计英语Graduation Design in EnglishThe graduation design is one of the important tasks for every college student to complete their studies. English is a very common language nowadays and it will inevitably be used in the graduation design process. Therefore, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of English skills in order to conduct successful graduation design.English language is probably the most widely used language in the world. In the modern world, it is often used in business, education and mass media. In order to successfully express ideas and intentions in English, a good command of grammar and vocabulary is necessary. English grammar is the most important part of English studies. It includes usage of tenses, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, nouns and other components. In order to accurately express ideas, it is imperative to comprehend the different grammatical rules.Vocabulary is another important aspect of a successful graduation design. Having the ability to understand and use appropriate words is the best way to get the point across when doing a graduation project. Vocabulary involves understanding the meaning of words, as well as the different meanings of words and phrases in different situations. Knowing the precise meaning of words and phrases is a key component of successful graduation design.Besides grammar and vocabulary, reading comprehension isalso important in doing graduation design. Reading comprehension encourages students to have a better understanding of the text and more critical thinking. By reading different English texts, students can gain new insights and broaden their scope of thinking to develop creative designs.Finally, it is essential to increase writing proficiency to be able to write the graduation design paper in English. Writing practice is important in developing good structure, cohesion and expression in English writing. It also enables students to better communicate with the supervisor, peers and other related personnel in English.In conclusion, English language plays an essential role in successful graduation design. Comprehension of English grammar and vocabulary, and reading and writing practice are essential components of successful graduation design. Therefore, it is important for college students to have a basic understanding of English language in order to have a successful graduation design experience.。
毕业设计英文
毕业设计英文Graduation ProjectIn recent years, with the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot topic in various fields. As a result, my graduation project will focus on the application of AI in healthcare.The project aims to develop an AI-based system that can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. This system will analyze medical data such as symptoms, medical history, and test results, and provide a list of possible diagnoses, along with their probabilities. The system will continuously learn from new data to enhance its accuracy over time.The main challenge of this project is to collect a large amount of quality medical data for training the AI system. To address this challenge, I will collaborate with local hospitals to collect anonymized patient data. The data will be carefully selected to include a wide range of diseases and conditions, ensuring the system's ability to handle various scenarios.To realize the system, I will utilize deep learning techniques, which have shown great potential in pattern recognition and data analysis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) will be employed to process different types of input data and extract relevant features. The AI system will be developed using Python and TensorFlow, a popular deep learning framework.During the implementation phase, I will follow a systematic approach. Firstly, I will preprocess the medical data to remove noise and normalize the features. Secondly, I will design and train the AI model using a large dataset. The model will be optimized using various techniques, such as data augmentation and regularization. Finally, I will evaluate the performance of the system using testing data and make necessary adjustments to improve its accuracy.The expected outcome of this project is a reliable AI system that can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. This will not only save time and effort for medical professionals but also reduce the possibility of human errors. Additionally, the system can help improve healthcare efficiency and enhance patient outcomes.In conclusion, my graduation project aims to develop an AI-based system for disease diagnosis in healthcare. By leveraging deep learning techniques and collaborating with local hospitals for data collection, I hope to create a valuable tool that can benefit both medical professionals and patients.。
毕业设计中英翻译
The road (highway)The road is one kind of linear construction used for travel. It is made of the roadbed, the road surface, the bridge, the culvert and the tunnel. In addition, it also has the crossing of lines, the protective project and the traffic engineering and the route facility.The roadbed is the base of road surface, road shoulder, side slope, side ditch foundations. It is stone material structure, which is designed according to route's plane position .The roadbed, as the base of travel, must guarantee that it has the enough intensity and the stability that can prevent the water and other natural disaster from corroding.The road surface is the surface of road. It is single or complex structure built with mixture. The road surface require being smooth, having enough intensity, good stability and anti-slippery function. The quality of road surface directly affects the safe, comfort and the traffic.The route marking is one kind of traffic safety facility painted by oil paint or made by the concrete and tiles on high-level, less high-type surface. Its function is coordinating the sign to make the effective control to the transportation, directing the vehicles skip road travel, serving unimpeded and the safe purpose. Our country’s road route marking has the lane median line, the traffic lane boundary, the curb line, the parking line, the conduction current belt, the pedestrian crossing line, the four corners center circle, the parking azimuth line. The route marking has the continual solid line, the broken line and the arrow indicator and its color uses the white or the yellow.The arch of bridge is the structure which strides over rivers, mountain valley and channel. It is made generally by steel rod, concrete and stone.The tunnel is the cave which connects both sides of the road. The technique of this construction is very complex, the cost of the projects is higher than common road .However, it reduces the driving distance between two places, enhances the grade of the technical in building the road and guarantees the cars can drive fast and safely, thus reduces the cost of transportation.The protective project is to protect and consolidate the roadbed in order that it can guarantee the intensity and the stability of the road, thus maintains the automobile to pass through safely.In order to guarantee that safe operation of the highway transportation, besides the highway engineering and the vehicles performance, it must have some traffic signal, route marking, each kind of director and demonstrate facility. The highway marking uses certain mark and draw symbol, simple words and number, then installs in the suitable place to indicate the front road's condition or the accident condition including the informational sign, the warning signal, the prohibitory sign, the road sign and so on.The road which Join city, village and industry, mainly are used for the automobile and has certain technical standard and the facility path can be called the highway. “The highway” in Chinese is the modern view, but it was not existed in old day. It gets the name from the meaning of being used for the public traffic. Where are the human, there are the road. It is a truth. However, the road is not the highway. If wetalk the history about the road, the earliest highway is that built by the old Egyptians for making the pyramid. Next is the street which built by the Babylon people about 4000 years ago. All these are much earlier than our country.About 500 B.C., the Persian Empire road has linked up East and West, and connected the road to China. It is the earliest and longest Silk Road. 2500 years ago, it might be the greatest road .The ancient Rome Empire’s road was once celebrated; it took Rome as the center, all around built 29 roads. Therefore it came out one common saying: every road leads to Rome.The road's construction is the process to enhance technique and renew the building materials. The earliest is the old road, it is easy to build but it is also to destroy. If there is too much water or cars, it will be uneven and even be destroyed. The macadam road appeared in the Europe which outbalanced the earliest mud road. Then the brick road appeared which was earlier than China. It was one great breach that we molded bitumen on the macadam road. From ancient times to the present, China has courier station and courier road, while the first more advance road was the one that from Long Zhou in Gang Xi to Zhen Nan Guan in 1906.The difference between Road and pathThe path is the project for each kind of vehicles and people to pass through. According to its function, we can divide it into the urban road, the road, the factories and mines path, the forest road and county road.The classification of roadFirst, according to administrative rank, it includes national highway, province road, county road and the special road. Generally the national highway and province road are named main line; the county road is named branch line.The national road is the main line and has political and economy significance, including the important national defense road and the road collecting our capital with other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. It is also the road links the economy center, seaport hinge, factory and important strategic place. The highway striding over different provinces are built, protected and managed by the special organizations which are approved by the ministry of communications.The provincial road is the main line built, protected, managed by the road manage department .It is full of political and economic sense to the whole province.The single way four levels of roads can adapt below each day and night medium-duty truck volume of traffic 200.The county route is refers to has county-wide (county-level city) politics,the econom-icsignificance, connects in the county and the county the main township (town), the prin-cipal commodities production and the collection and distribution center road, as well as does not belong to the federal highway, provincial road's county border the road. The coun-ty route by the county, the city road Department responsible for the work is responsibleto construct, the maintenance and the management.The township road refers to mainly the road which for the township (town) the villa-geeconomy,the culture, the administration serves, as well as does not belong to above t-hecounty route between road's township and the township and the townshipand the exte-rior contact road. Township is responsible by the people's government to construct, the m-aintenance and the management.The special-purpose road is refers to feeds specially or mainly supplies the factories andmines,the forest region, the farm, the oil field, the tourist area, the military importantplace and so on and the external relations road. The special-purpose road is responsibleby the special-purpose unit to construct, the maintenance and the management. May also entrust the local road department to construct, the maintenance and the management.Second, according to the use duty, the function and adapts the volume of traffic division.According to our country present "Highway engineering Technical standard" the roadaccording to the use duty, the function and the adaptation volume of tra-fficdivides into highway,arterial road, second-class road, tertiary highway, four level of road five ranks:1st, the highway to feed specially the automobile and should control the difference c-ompletely respectively toward the dividing strip on roads travel the multiple highway.The four traffic lane highways ought to be able to adapt each kind of automobile reduce passenger vehicle's year mean diurnal volume of traffic 25000~55000.The six traffic lane highways ought to be able to adapt each kind of automobile reduce passenger vehicle's year mean diurnal volume of traffic 45000~80000.The eight traffic lane highways ought to be able to adapt each kind of automobile r-educe passenger vehicle's year mean diurnal volume of traffic 60000~100000.2nd, the arterial road to supply the automobile and may according to need to control the difference respectively toward the dividing strip on roads travel the multiple highway.The four traffic lane arterial roads ought to be able to adapt each kind of automobil reduce passenger vehicle's year mean diurnal volume of traffic 15000~30000.The six traffic lane arterial roads ought to be able to adapt each kind of automobile reduce passenger vehicle's year mean diurnal volume of traffic 25000~55000.3rd, the second-class road to supply the automobile travel the two-lane highway.Can adapt each day and nights 3000~7500 medium-duty truck volume of traffic generally.4rd, tertiary highways to mainly supply the automobile travel the two-lane highway.Can adapt each day and nights 1000~4000 medium-duty truck volume of traffic generally.The 5, four levels of roads to mainly supply the automobile travel the two-lane or the single-lane highway.The two-lane four levels of roads can adapt below each day and night medium-duty truck volume of traffic 1500.Highway engineering includes Highway planning location design and maintenance. Before the design and construction of a new highway or highway improvement can be undertaken there mint be general planing and consideration of financing As part of general planning it is decided what the traffic need of the rea will be for a considerable period, generally 20 years, and what construction will meet those needs. To assess traffic needs the highway engineer collects and analyzes information about the physical features of existing facilities, the volume, distribution, and character of present traffic, and the changes to be expected in these factor. The highway engineer must determine the most suitable location layout, and capacity of the new route and structures. Frequently, a preliminary line or location and several alternate routes are studied. The detailed design is normally begun only when the preferred location has been chosen.In selecting the best route, careful consideration is given to the traffic requirements terrain to be traversed value of land needed for the right-of-way. and estimated cost of construction for the various plans. The photogrammetric method, which makes use of aerial photographs is used extensively to indicate the character of the terrain on large projects where it is most economical. On small project, Financing considerations determine whether the project can be carried out t\t one time or whether construction must be in stages with each stage initiated as funds become available. In deciding the best method of financing the work, the engineer makes an analysis of whom it will benefit. Important highways and streets benefit* in varying degrees, three groups* users owners of adjacent property and the general public.Users of improved highways benefit from decreased cost of transportation, greater travel comfort, increased safety and saving of time. They also obtain recreational and educational benefits. Owners of abutting or adjacent property may benefit from better access, increased property value, more effective police and fire protection, improved street parking greater pedestrian traffic safety, and the use of the street right-of-way for the location of public utilities such as water lines and sewers.Evaluation of various benefits from highway construction is often difficult but is a most important phase of highway engineering. Some benefits can be measured with accuracy, but the evaluation of others is more speculative. As a result numerous methods arc used to finance construction, and much engineering work may he involved in selecting the best procedure.Environmental evaluation. The environmental impact of constructing highways has received increased attention and importance. Many projects have been delayed and numerous others canceled because ot environmental problems. The environmental study or report covers many factors, including noise generation, air pollution disturbance of areas traversed destruction of existing housing and possible alternate routes.Highway engineers must also assist in the acquisition of right-of-way needed for new highway facilities Acquisition of the land required for construction of expressway lending into the central business areas of cities has proved extremely difficult i the public is demanding that traffic engineers work closely with c it yplanners, architects, sociologists and all groups interested in beautification and improvement of cities to assure that expressways extendinx through metropolitan areas be built only after coordinated evaluation of all major questions, including the following;(1) Is sufficient attention being paid -to beautification of the expressway itself?(2) Would a change in location preserve major natural beauties of the city? (3) Coulda depressed design he logically substituted for those sections where an elevated expressway is proposed? (4) Can the general design he improved to reduce the noise created by large volumes of traffic? (5) Are some sections of the city being isolated by the proposed location?Detailed design. Detailed design of a highway project includes preparation of drawings or blueprints to be used for construction. These plans show, for example, the location, the dimensions of such elements as roudway width* the finaj profile for (he road, the location and type of drainage facilities, and the quantities of work involved, including earthwork and surfacing.In planning the grading operations the design engineer considers the type of material to be encountered in excavating or in cutting away the high points along the project and how the rnaterial removed can best be utilised for fill or for constructing embankments across low areas elsewhere on the project. For this the engineer must analyze the gradation and physical properties of the soil, determine how the embankments can best be compacted, and calculate the volume of earthwork to be done. Electronic calculating procedures are now sometimes used for the last step. Electronic equipment has also speeded up many other highway engineering calculations. Powerful and highly mobile earth moving machines have been developed TO permit rapid and economical operations., Selection of the type and thickness of roudway surfacing to be constructed is an important part of design. The type chosen depends upon the maximum loads to be accommodated, the frequency of these loads and other factors. For some mures, traffic volume may be so low that no surfacing is economically justified and natural soil serves as the roadway. As traffic increases, a surfacing of sandy cluy, crushed slag, crushed stone caliche crushed oyster shells, or a combination of these may be applied. If gravel is used, it usually contains sufficient clay and fine material to help stabilize the surfacing. Gravel surfaces may be further stubilized by application of calcium chloride, which also aids in controlling dust. Another surfacing is composed of Portland cement and water mixed iuto the upper few inches of the suhgrade and compacted with rollers. This procedure forms A soil-cement base that can be surfaced with bituminous materials. Roadways ro carry large volumes of heavy vehicles must be carefully designed and made of considerable thickness.Much of highway engineering is devoted to the planing and construction of facilities to drain the highway or street and lo carry streams across the highway right-of-way.Removal of surface water from the road or street is known a surface druiuage. It is accomplished by constructing the road so that it has a crown and by sloping the shoulders and adjacent areas so as to control the flow of water either toward existingnatural drainage, such as open ditches, or into a storm drainage system of calehbasins and underground pipes. If a storm drainage system is used, as it would be with city streets, the design engineer must give consideration to the rntal area draining onto the street, the maximum rate of runoff expected, the duration of the design storm, the amount of ponding allowable at each carchbasin, and the proposed spacing of the catchbasins along the street. From this information the desired capacity of the individual eatehbaxin and the size of the underground piping network urc calculated. In designing facilities to carry streams under the highway the engineer must determine the area to be drained the maximum probable precipitation over the drainage basin, the highest expected runoff rare.and then, using (hit information, must calculate the required capacity of llit: drainage structure. Generally designs are made adequate to accommodate not only the largest flow ever recorded for that location but the greatest discharge that might be expected under the most adverse conditions for a given number of years.Factor considered in calculating the expected flow through a culvert opening include size, length, and shape of the opening, roughness of the walls, shape of t he entrance and downstream end of the conduit, maximum allowable height of water at the entrance, and water level at the outletMuch engineering und construction work has been done to provide rest stops along major expressway routes t especially the national system of interstate highways. These facilities must be carefully located to permit easy and safe exit and return access to the highway. Many units have been built ^ scenic locations in forested areas to permit picnic grounds and walkways through the forest. These rest areas are especially beneficial to tho«e drivers traveling long distances with few stops.. The control and reduction of noise along busy routes, especially expressways, has become an important part of highway engineering. In many communities high walls have been huilt along either side of the expressway. Such walls can he costly to construct, hut can prove very beneficial, barriers can reduce overall noise levels by over 50%.Construction operations. Although much engineering and planing must be done preliminary to it, the actual construction is normally the costliest part of making highway uud street improvements.Willi t he award of a construction contract following the preparation of the detailed plans and specifications t engineers go onto the ftite and lay out the project. As part of this staking out. limits of earthwork are shown, location of drainage structures indicated, and profiles established.Heavy rollers are used to compact the soil or subgrade below the roadway in order to eliminate later settlement. Pneumatic tired rollers and sheepsfoot rollers (steel cylinders equipped with numerous short steel teeth or feet J are often employed for this operation. Vibratory rollers have been developed and used on some projects in recent years. One type vibrates up to 3400 times/min, compacting the underlying material to an appreciable depth.Maintenance and operation. Highway maintenance consists of the repair and upkeep of surfacing and shoulders, bridges and drainage facilities? signs, trafficcontrol devices, guard rails, traffic striping on the pavement, retaining walls, and side slopes. Additional operations include ice control und snow removal, because it is valuable to know why some highway designs give better performance and prove less costly to maintain than others, engineers supervising maintenance can offer valuable guidance to design engineers. Consequently, maintenance and operation arc important parts of highway engineering.公路（高速）公路是供汽车或其他车辆行驶的一种线形带状结构体。
毕业设计英文翻译》【范本模板】
外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）：【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。
提供所译外文资料附件(印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】太阳能—地源热泵的热源性能Y。
Bi1,2，L. Chen1＊and C. Wu3本论文研究了中国天津冬季里的太阳能—地源热泵的太阳能与地源性能。
结果被用于设计和分析的太阳能集热器和地面热交换器。
太阳能-地源热泵在这个地区的使用可行性是成立的. 关键词：太阳能，地源热泵，可行性。
介绍地源热泵（GSHP）利用地下相对稳定的温度作为热源或水槽提供热源或调节空气。
GSHP 系统寻求利用常规空气—空气热泵系统的两方面可用的功能。
首先，地下环境温度缓慢地变化，归结于其高的热质量，导致了相对稳定的源或者散热器的温度而不受较大的极限。
其次，被地面吸收的太阳能在整个冬季可以热源。
自从地源热泵的观念在二十世纪四十年代被发展，大量的理论和实验工作都完成了，实验研究审查了具体的地源热泵系统和现场数据。
理论研究已经集中于用数值方法模拟地下盘管换热器以及研究参数对系统性能的影响。
太阳能—地源热泵（SGSHP)采用太阳能集热器和大地作为热源开始发展于1982年。
热泵实验系统用垂直双螺旋线圈（VSDC）地下换热器(GHX)为太阳能—地源热泵（SGSHP）利用低品位能源，这种方法已经被作者们所创造。
（图1）蒸汽压缩热泵的加热负荷和性能系数（COP）取决于蒸发温度和热源温度。
SGSHP采用太阳能集热器和大地作为热源,因此，其应用主要是依靠太阳能和土壤源性能。
在本论文中，中国天津的气象数据被用来分析SGSHP在该区域的应用可行性。
太阳能源分析天津的太阳能在中国处于中等水平。
1966—1976年期间天津的太阳能辐射月平均变化如图2所示。
结果表明，该太阳能集热器在夏天可以直接用于提供热水。
毕业设计中英文翻译
毕业设计中英文翻译Key to the development of four-rotors micro air vehicletechnologyTo date, micro d experimental study on the basic theory of rotary wing aircraft and have made more progress, but to really mature and practical, also faces a number of key technical challenges.1. Optimal designOverall design of rotary-wing aircraft when small, need to be guided by the following principles: light weight, small size, high speed, low power consumption and costs. But these principles there are constraints and conflicting with each other, such as: vehicle weights are the same, is inversely proportional to its size and speed, low energy consumption. Therefore, when the overall design of miniature four-rotor aircraft, first select the appropriate body material based on performance and price, as much as possible to reduce the weight of aircraft; second, the need to take into account factors such as weight, size, speed and energy consumption, ensuring the realization of design optimization.2. The power and energyPower unit includes: rotor, micro DC motor, gear reducer, photoelectric encoder and motor drive module, the energy provided by onboard batteries. Four-rotors micro air vehicle's weight is a major factor affecting their size and weight of the power and energy devices accounted for a large share of the weight of the entire body. For the OS4 II, the proportion is as high as 75%. Therefore, development of lighter, more efficient power and energy devices is further miniaturized four key to rotary wing aircraft.The other hand, the lifting occurs with a power unit, most airborne energy consumption. For example, OS4 II power 91% power consumption. To increase the efficiency of aircraft, the key is to improve the efficiency of the power plant. In addition to maximize transmission efficiency, you must alsoselect the motor and reduction ratios, taking into account the maximum efficiency and maximum power output under the premise of two indicators, electric operating point within the recommended run area.3. The establishment of mathematical modelIn order to achieve effective control of four-rotors micro air vehicles, must be established accurately under various flight model. But during the flight, it not only accompanied by a variety of physical effects (aerodynamic, gravity, gyroscopic effect and rotor moment of inertia, also is vulnerable to disturbances in the external environment, such as air. Therefore, it is difficult to establish an effective, reliable dynamic model. In addition, the use of rotary wing, small size, light weight, easy to shape, it is difficult to obtain accurate aerodynamic performance parameters, and also directly affects the accuracy of the model.Establishment of mathematical model of four-rotor MAV, must also be studied and resolved problems rotor under low Reynolds number aerodynamics. Aerodynamics of micro air vehicle with conventional aircraft is very different, many aerodynamic theory and analysis tools are not currently applied, requires the development of new theories and research techniques.4. Flight controlFour-rotors micro air vehicle is a six degrees of freedom (location and attitude) and 4 control input (rotor speed) ofunderactuated system (Underactuated System), have more than one variable, linear, strongly coupled and interfere with sensitive features, makes it very difficult to design of flight control system. In addition, the controller model accuracy and precision of the sensor performance will also be affected.Attitude control is the key to the entire flight control, because four-rotors micro air vehicle's attitude and position a direct coupling (roll pitch p directly causes the body to move around before and after p), if you can precisely control the spacecraft attitude, then the control law is sufficient to achieve itsposition and velocity PID control. International study to focus on with attitude control design and validation, results show that although the simulation for nonlinear control law to obtain good results, but has a strong dependence on model accuracy, its actual effect rather than PID control. Therefore, developed to control the spacecraft attitude, also has strong anti-jamming and environment-Adaptive attitude control of a tiny four-rotary wing aircraft flight control system of priorities.5. Positioning, navigation and communicationMiniature four-rotor aircraft is primarily intended for near-surface environments, such as urban areas, forests, and interior of the tunnel. However, there are also aspects of positioning, navigation and communication. One hand, in near-surface environments, GPS does not work often requires integrated inertial navigation, optics, acoustics, radar and terrain-matching technology, development of a reliable and accurate positioning and navigation technology, on the other, near-surface environment, terrain, sources of interference and current communication technology reliability, security and robustness ofapplication still cannot meet the actual demand. Therefore, development of small volume, light weight, low power consumption, reliability and anti-jamming communication chain in four-rotors micro air vehicle technology (in particular the multi-aircraft coordination control technology) development, are crucial.微小型四旋翼飞行器发展的关键技术迄今为止，微小型四旋翼飞行器基础理论与实验研究已取得较大进展，但要真正走向成熟与实用，还面临着诸多关键技术的挑战。
毕业设计英文翻译(译文)
编号：毕业设计(论文)外文翻译（译文）院（系）：桂林电子科技大学专业：电子信息工程学生姓名： xx学号： xxxxxxxxxx指导教师单位：桂林电子科技大学姓名： xxxx职称： xx2014年x月xx日定时通断电源用途开关电源产品广泛应用于工业自动化控制、军工设备、科研设备、LED照明、工控设备、通讯设备、电力设备、仪器仪表、医疗设备、半导体制冷制热、空气净化器，电子冰箱，液晶显示器，LED灯具，通讯设备，视听产品，安防，电脑机箱，数码产品和仪器类等领域。
简介随着电力电子技术的高速发展，电力电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切，而电子设备都离不开可靠的电源，进入80年代计算机电源全面实现了开关电源化，率先完成计算机的电源换代，进入90年代开关电源相继进入各种电子、电器设备领域，程控交换机、通讯、电子检测设备电源、控制设备电源等都已广泛地使用了开关电源，更促进了开关电源技术的迅速发展。
开关电源是利用现代电力电子技术，控制开关晶体管开通和关断的时间比率，维持稳定输出电压的一种电源，开关电源一般由脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC和开关器件（MOSFET、BJT等）构成。
开关电源和线性电源相比，二者的成本都随着输出功率的增加而增长，但二者增长速率各异。
线性电源成本在某一输出功率点上，反而高于开关电源。
随着电力电子技术的发展和创新，使得开关电源技术在不断地创新，这一成本反转点日益向低输出电力端移动，这为开关电源提供了广泛的发展空间。
开关电源高频化是其发展的方向，高频化使开关电源小型化，并使开关电源进入更广泛的应用领域，特别是在高新技术领域的应用，推动了高新技术产品的小型化、轻便化。
另外开关电源的发展与应用在节约能源、节约资源及保护环境方面都具有重要的意义。
分类现代开关电源有两种：一种是直流开关电源；另一种是交流开关电源。
这里主要介绍的只是直流开关电源，其功能是将电能质量较差的原生态电源（粗电），如市电电源或蓄电池电源，转换成满足设备要求的质量较高的直流电压（精电）。
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成都信息工程学院毕业设计英文翻译
论文标题
系别****学院
姓名***
专业*******
班级**********大气探测2班学号
*************** 大气探测、信处、两个专业填写电子信息工程。
生物医学工程、电子信息科学与技术、雷电防护科学与技术
As its name implies, region growing is a procedure that groups pixels or subregions into larger regions based on predefined criteria. The basic approach is to start with a set of “seed ” points and from these grow regions by appending to each seed those gray level or color).
be used to
assign pixels to regions during the
centroid of these clusters can be used as seeds.
… … …
左右手共面波导的建模与带通滤波器设计
速发展之势，而它的出现却是源于上世纪本研究提出了一种新型混合左右手（CPW ）的独特功能。
目前这种有效电长度为0°的新型混合左右手共面波导（CRLH CPW ）谐振器正在兴起，这种谐振器工作在5GHz 时的体积比常规结构的谐振器缩减小49.1%。
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