最新外研版高中英语必修4课文Module 3 英汉对照翻译(带要点)

Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication
交流
If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences.
说起“交流”，大多数人会想到单词或句子。
Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language”.
虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们斌不只是用口语和书面语进行交流，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。
We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.
我们经常看到无意识的身势语，但也有“习得”的身势语。
We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to strangers.
Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax. 跟动物一样，我们会保持警觉直至知道安全的时候才放松。
So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.
因此，在所有的文化中人们都有一种向陌生人打招呼的正规的方式，以表示他们并不具有侵犯倾向。
Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand – the strongest hand for most people.
欧美人的传统是握手，他们右手握手——右手对于大多数人来说更有力一些。
If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.
假如右手用于忙着与人打招呼就不可能握武器。
So the gesture is saying, “I trust you look, I’m not carrying a threatening weapon.”
因此，这种姿势的意思是“我信任你，瞧，我没带威胁性的武器”。
If you shake hands with someone, you show y trust them: we shake hands when we make a deal. It means, ” We agree and we trust each other.”
假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他们。我们在做交易时与人握手，意思就是“我们达成了协议，互相信任”。
Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.
亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但他们要用手。
Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.
与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式是右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行礼。
Muslims give a “salaam”, where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect.
穆斯林行额手鞠躬行礼，用手触左胸，嘴和额。印度人双手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。
In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon. 在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。
Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust.
即使是现在，人们在非正式场合打招呼是，还会用手来表示信任对方。
American youths often greet each other with the expression, “Give me five!” One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.
美国青年常常说着“击掌”来打招呼。说完后这个人举起说，手掌向外，五指展开。
The other person raises his hand and slaps the other’s open hand above the head in a “high five”. Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.
另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。这是现代常见的打招呼的方式。
Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. 身势语对于任何研究者来说都是具有吸引力。
People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. 人们通过自己表达的意思要比通过话语表达得更多。
Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!
看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他们的心思吗？
土方整理项目心得总结
2014-7-30

1、土方整理要套用最新的土方定额，即2011版，以前的2015版有很多改变，具体不同见土地开发整理项目预
算定额改变讲解的PPT，有很深入的解释。
2、新定额里的人工费、材料费及机械费的其他费用的费率是每个定额不同的，基数是人工费+机械费+材料费，
即三者都要取其他费用。
3、一些增加部分项目却没有要取其他费用的，这点尤其重要，比如预制混凝土构件的运输，增加运距的定额不
用取其他费用，这点要和原定额区分开，详见范例1中40124 (3)中的计算过程，但注意增加距离运输的定额其柴
油等还是要取价差。
4、对于水泥、砂、卵石、砖、汽油，柴油，其市场价比预算价增加部分的价差只取税金，故这部分的价差要单
独列出来，定额里只计入其预算材料价。
5、对于安装部分的某些材料如水泥管，其做为未计价主材，只取税金。
6、土方整理项目的人工单价，主要材料价格，混凝土砂浆价格，机械价格以及措施费等费率的费率表都要单独
做表格计算，后面的定额里都可以直接引用。
7、土方整理