国际贸易实务(新形态版)习题答案第8章 习题
国际贸易实务第八章_OK
务 （1）产地或工厂检验； （2）装船前或装船时检 验：离岸品质或重量
否定买方的复验权，对买方不利
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国 (二) 在进口国检验：
际 贸
（1）目的港（地）卸货后检验；
易 （2）目的港（地）买方营业处所或最终用户
实 务
所在地检验
(三)在出口国检验，在进口国复验
（1） 复验：是指买方收到货物后有复验权。复 验期限的长短，应视商品的性质和港口情况而定。
•3．1低于2，按2办理
•4．无1、2，按生产国标准，若无， 按国际标准或国家商检部门指定标 准。
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国 （三）我国商检的检验程序
际 贸 易 • 1、出口商品检验程序（四个环节） 实 务
报验
抽样
签证或放行
检验
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国
际
贸 2、进口商品的检验程序：
易
实
登记与报验
务
检验和出证
返回本章目录
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国
第二节 装船前检验
际
贸
易
实
又叫“进口货物全面监管计划”(CISS)，是一些发展中国家的政府为了防止外汇流失， 确保国家关税收入，以其政府首脑颁布法令的形式，指定国际公证检验机构对进口货
务
物在装运前实施进行强制性检验、价格比较以及海关税则分类的进口综合监督制度。
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国 际 贸
易 • 一、内容
实 • 商品检验、价格比较、合法性审查、海关资料的核查 务
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国 际 贸 易
实 第一节 商品检验
务
第二节 装船前检验
2021/8/27
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国
际 贸
第一节 商品检验
易
实
一、商品检验的意义
吴国新国际贸易实务书后练习参考答案
《国际贸易实务》书后思考题部分参考答案第一章绪论（略）第二章国际贸易合同的标的9．答：这种做法不符合合同规定，有可能被买方索赔。
因为合同规定的包装材料是麻袋，卖方所交付的商品均应该是麻袋装，如果不采用合同规定的包装材料，无论材料好坏，均违反了合同的规定。
案例中卖方用塑料袋装，违反合同，就面临着被索赔或拒收货物的危险。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝10．答：本例中我公司应该承担赔偿责任。
合同中品质的表达方法有凭说明和凭样品表示两种，卖方均有义务使所交货物与样品或说明完全一致。
如果某些商品既用文字说明又用样品表示商品质量，则一旦成交，卖方必须保证实际交付的商品品质既要符合文字说明又要和样品保持一致。
如果发生货物的品质与样品或说明不符，买方有权解除合同，拒绝收货并要求赔偿损失。
案例中两公司交易商品的品质既用文字说明又用样品表示，而货物和合同中的品质说明相符，和样品不符，所以卖方就需要承担赔偿责任了。
第三章国际贸易术语5. 答：货物损失的责任由出口方承担。
因为，在CFR术语成交的情况下，租船订舱是由卖方承担的，而保险是由买方办理的，因此，卖方在装船完毕后应及时向买方发出装运通知，以便买方办理投保手续，否则，由此而产生的风险应由卖方承担。
本案中，因为出口方未及时发出装运通知，导致买方未能及时办理投保手续，未能将风险及时转移给保险公司，因而，风险应由出口方承担。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝6. 答：(1) 卖方可以及时收回货款。
因为，按CIF术语成交属于象征性交货，买卖双方风险划分的界限是以货物装上船为界，其特点是卖方凭单交货，买方凭单付款。
本案中，卖方收到买方开来的信用证后及时办理了装运手续，并制作好一整套结汇单据，这说明卖方已完成了交货义务且风险也已转移给了买方，因此，只要卖方提交的单据符合信用证的规定，卖方就可以及时收回货款。
国际贸易实务课后习题
Chapter 1 International Trade1.What are the reasons for international trade?There are three main reasons: resource reasons, economic reasons, and political reasons. The resource reasons refer to the uneven distribution of resources such as natural resources, capital, and labor. The economic reasons are explained by the principal of absolute advantage and the principal of comparative advantage. Besides, nations are motivated to trade or not to trade with each other by international and domestic political needs.2.What is the principal of comparative advantage?Created by David Ricardo, the principal of comparative advantage is a basic theory for specialization and trade which says trade will benefit both nations provided only that their relative costs, that is, the ratios of their real costs measured by labor-hour or another commodity, are different for two or more commodities. In other words, trade depends on differences in comparative cost or opportunity cost, and one nation can profitably trade with another even though its real costs are higher (lower) in every commodity.3.What are the benefits of international trade?The benefits of international trade include cheaper goods, more choices of goods, wider market for domestic producers, and the growth of domestic and world economy.4. Why does trade protectionism still exist despite the benefits of international trade?Trade protectionism exists for economic and political reasons. Nations want to protect their infant industries and jobs from foreign competition, to maintain balance of payment, and not to support their foes.5.Want are some of the forms of trade restrictions?Trade restrictions take the forms of tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.6.What is a tariff barrier and what is a non-tariff barrier?A tariff barrier is a direct monetary burden to discourage trade in which a duty or fee is levied on goods being imported into (or exported out of) a country. A non-tariff barrier, on the other hand, is not directly a monetary burden though it often costs more time and money. Non-tariff barriers include quota, license, foreign exchange control, technical standards, and regulations, etc.Terms1. A tariff: is a duty or fee that is levied on goods being imported into (or exported out of) acountry.2.Surtax: is an additional tax. It may also be temporary and discriminatory. In internationaltrade, import surtax is often collected to cope with international payment difficulties and to prevent dumping.3.Anti-dumping duty: is a fee that is collected by the importing country when it believes thatthe exporting country is selling a significant amount goods to the importing country at prices much lower than in the exporting country.4.Specific duty: is a tax of a certain sum assessed and collected on an article without referenceto its value or market.5.Ad valorem duty: is a tax which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of thearticle taxed.6. A quota: is a quantitative restriction or an upper limit in terms of physical quantity or value.7.An import license: is a permit for import issued by the government to control the import ofgoods.8.Foreign exchange control: means various forms of restriction imposed by a government onthe purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents.Chapter 2 Terms of Delivery1.What are the key issues that a contract must spell out clearly?Seller’s and buyer’s responsibilities and associated costsTime and place of deliveryDocuments and expensesTitle to the goods2.Why are Incoterms created?Incoterms are created to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.3.How are the terms structured in Incoterms?The terms are grouped in four basically different categories: E-term, F-terms, C-terms, and D-terms. E-term requires the seller to make the goods available to the buyer usually at the seller’s own premises. F-terms require the seller to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed and paid by the buyer. C-terms require the seller to contract and pay for carriage without assuming the risk of loss of or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch. D-terms require the seller to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the place of destination.4.Do you have to use Incoterms in every transaction? Why or why not?No, sellers and buyers don’t need to use Incoterms in their transaction because Incoterms are created only to provide an option, not an obligation.5.What should be considered in the choice of terms of delivery?Transport capacityCustomer’s locationFreight rateLoading/unloading facilities and local port customRisks in transitChapter 3 Cargo Packaging, Stowage & Marking1.Generally speaking, what are the main reasons for cargo packaging?Generally speaking, there are four main reasons for cargo packaging:a.protective function that essentially involves protecting the contents from the environment andvice versa;b.loading and transport function that requires proper packaging design for easy handling andspace-saving transportationc.stowage function that facilitates stowage and distribution; andd.promotion function that helps generate product awareness and sales2.The protective function of packaging essentially involves protecting the contents fromthe environment. Is this statement true or false and why?This statement is only partially true because the protective function of packaging involves protecting people and the environment, not only the contents, particularly for hazardous materials.3.What is the most efficient method of handling general cargo?The most efficient method of handling general cargo is to make up cargo unit.4.What are the main factors influencing types of cargo packaging?The main factors influencing types of cargo packaging are:a.nature of cargo;b.transport;c.Customs and statutory requirements;d.Insurance acceptance conditions;e.Cost; andf.Ease of handling and stowage5.What should be considered in the stowage of cargo?The following should be considered in the stowage of cargo:a.observation of weight limitations and distributions;b.prevention of damage to transport vehicle;c.best use of available deadweight or cubic capacity to minimize the broken stowage;d.avoidance of mixing incompatible cargo;e.plan for ease of unloading6.What purposes does correct and complete marking serve?Correct and complete marking of packages helps prevent incorrect handling, accidents, incorrect delivery, losses of weight and volume and Customs fines7.What are the main types of marks?The main types of marks include shipping marks, information marks, indicative marks and warning marks.8.What are the marking requirements?The marking requirements are internationality, visibility, legibility and indelibilityChapter 4 Transport1.What are the key differences between liners and tramps?A liner operates over a regular route according to an advertised time-table but a tramp does not operate this way. Instead, a tramp is a vessel hired to pick up cargo from almost any port and go directly to the port of destination.2.What does the abbreviation FIO stand for? What does it mean?FIO stands for “free in and out”, which means that the charterer of a vessel, not the ship operator, is responsible for the costs of loading and unloading.3.What key purposes does a B/L serve?A B/L serves three key purposes. First, it is evidence that a valid contract of carriage exists between the carrier and the shipper, and it may incorporate the full terms of the contract between them. Second, it is a receipt signed by the carrier confirming whether goods matching the contract description have been received from the shipper in good condition. Third, it is also a document of title, creating ownership of the goods shipped.4.What should a clause of shipment include?A clause of shipment should include time of shipment, port of shipment and port of destination, advice of shipment, partial shipment and transshipment.5.What is Air Waybill and what is the key difference between the document and an OceanB/L?An air waybill is a transport document issued by airlines or air cargo companies or their agents. The key difference between this document and an ocean B/L is that air waybill is not a title document. As a straight waybill, an air waybill is not transferrable or negotiable and a shipper does not lose his ownership of the cargo by handing the air waybill to the airline. However, as the buyer is named the consignee on the waybill and he/she can claim the consignment from the carrier by simply showing proof of identity.6.What is international multimodal transport?International multimodal transport is the carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract from a place in one country at which the goods are taken in charge by the multimodal transport operator to a place designated for delivery situated in a different country.7.What are the general considerations in cargo transport?Reliability, speed and frequency, and cost.Chapter 5 Foreign exchange rate & Contract formation- Offer & Acceptance1.How is the exchange rate between any two currencies expressed?There are two ways to express the exchange rate between any two currencies, i.e., the price of Currency A can be quoted in terms of Currency B or vice versa. Depending on whether home currency is used to express the price of foreign currencies or foreign countries are used to express the price of home currency, we have direct quotation and indirect quotation.2.How many rates does a bank normally quote?Two, a buying (bid) rate and a selling（ask）rate.3.Why is exchange rate an important issue for international traders?While the exchange rates between currencies float, payment is normally made sometime after the contract is concluded. The final earnings in the home currency (if the contract currency is a foreign currency) will only be known with the prevailing exchange rate at the time the payment is made. A favorable exchange rate will give the exporter more home currency. On the other hand, an adverse movement of the exchange rates will bring him a loss in terms of home currency.4.How can we manage the exchange rate risks (foreign exchange risks)?There are a number of choices: choosing the right currency for a transaction, booking a forward contract, and using other products that banks offer.5.If you intend to make your offer indefinite, what can you do to avoid misinterpretation?If an offerer wants to make an offer indefinite, he should make clear reservations to avoid misinterpretation.6.How can you terminate an offer?An offer can be terminated by:The party offering may revoke the offer if no consideration has been given.The offer may lapse (either after a specified time, or it may just become stale).Offer may come to an end after a stipulated event occurs or does not occur.Offer may lapse on death of the party offeringOffer is killed by a counter-offer.7.Who can accept an offer?Only the offeree can accept an offer.8.What does acceptance mean to a contract?Since an acceptance indicates assent to an offer, it validates the contract and means that boththe offerer and the offeree will be bound by the terms and conditions in the offer.9.What is a counter-offer?A counter-offer is either the office’s proposal of a new set of terms for the transaction or his conditional acceptance by making actual, material changes in the offer.1.Foreign exchange: is the currency of any foreign country which is the authorized instrumentof settlement and the basis for record keeping in that country.2.Like any other commodities, a foreign exchange has a price, which is expressed in anothercurrency. Exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.3.Offer rate（of foreign exchange）:is the price at which a bank is willing to sell foreignexchange to its customers4. A definite offer:is one that clearly expresses the offerer’s willingness in concluding atransaction by providing complete and clear information for the deal. Normally it includes all the necessary items for a transaction, specifies the time by which the offer is valid and the time the acceptance must be received, and uses the phrase “offer firm” meaning that the offer is made without reservations.5.An acceptance: is a statement made by the offeree indicating assent to an offer.。
国际贸易单证实务书后练习题参考答案
练习题参考答案第一章国际贸易单证的基本要求、流程和发展趋势1. 信用证的修改（1）金额有误。
应将金额改为“USD 352,000.00（Say U.S. dollars three hundred and fifty two thousand only）”（2）汇票付款期限有误。
应将“at 30 days after date”改为“at 30 days after sight”（3）运费条款有误。
应将“Freight Collect”改为“Freight Prepaid”（4）装运期有误。
应将“not later than October 31,2003”改为“during Oct./Nov.2003”（5）分批装运有误。
应将“not”删去（6）保险金额有误。
应将“150%”改为“110%”（7）包装条款有误。
应将“or cartons”删去，改为“in wooden cases of one set each”（8）单价条款有误。
应将“US$ 64.00 CIF H.K”改为“US$ 64.00 per set CIFC3% H.K”（9）交单日期有误。
应将“Oct. 31,2003”改为“Dec.15th,2003”海运出口单证工作程序示意图3.海运进口单证工作程序海运进口单证工作程序示意图第二章 交易磋商和合同的签订1. 回函如下2. 信函翻译Sept. 10th, 2003Dear Sirs,We thank you for your enquiry of 10th September and enclose our quotation for wall paper.We have made a good selection of patterns and sent them to you today by post. Their fine quality, attractive designs and the reasonable prices at which we offer them will convince you that these materials are really of good value.There is a heavy demand for our supplies from house furnishers in various districts and regions, which we are finding it difficult to meet, but provided that we receive your order within the next ten days, we will make you a firm offer for delivery by the middle of December at the prices quoted.On orders for one hundred rolls or more we allow a special discount of 2%.We require payment by L/C to reach us one month prior to the time of shipment.We look forward to receiving your order.Your trulyChina National Import & Outport Corp.Manger4. 售货确认书上海新发展进出口贸易实业有限公司Shanghai Xin Development Imp. &. Exp.Enterprises Co, Ltd中国上海外高桥保税收政策区台中南路2号2,Tai Zhong South Road WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,Shanghai,PRC电话Telephone: 86-21-50480555 传真Fax:86-21-50480164致：TO：售货确认书SALES CONFIRMATIONOVERSEAS TRADINGCORP. 合同编号NO.: 01XDJJD-14778 P.O.BOX 1563 签订日期Date: Oct..16,2001 SINGAPORE ELOPMENT经双方同意按照下述条款签定本合同The Buyer and Seller Have agree to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and Conditions stipulated below:5．原产国(地)COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: MADE IN CHINA6．包装PACKING: IN CARTON7．保险INSURANCE:/TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF INVOICE V ALUE AGAINST ALL RISKS AND W AR RISK AS PER THE OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSE OF PICC DA TED JAN。
吴国新国际贸易实务书后练习参考答案
《国际贸易实务》书后思考题部分参考答案第一章绪论（略）第二章国际贸易合同的标的9．答：这种做法不符合合同规定，有可能被买方索赔。
因为合同规定的包装材料是麻袋，卖方所交付的商品均应该是麻袋装，如果不采用合同规定的包装材料，无论材料好坏，均违反了合同的规定。
案例中卖方用塑料袋装，违反合同，就面临着被索赔或拒收货物的危险。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝10．答：本例中我公司应该承担赔偿责任。
合同中品质的表达方法有凭说明和凭样品表示两种，卖方均有义务使所交货物与样品或说明完全一致。
如果某些商品既用文字说明又用样品表示商品质量，则一旦成交，卖方必须保证实际交付的商品品质既要符合文字说明又要和样品保持一致。
如果发生货物的品质与样品或说明不符，买方有权解除合同，拒绝收货并要求赔偿损失。
案例中两公司交易商品的品质既用文字说明又用样品表示，而货物和合同中的品质说明相符，和样品不符，所以卖方就需要承担赔偿责任了。
第三章国际贸易术语5. 答：货物损失的责任由出口方承担。
因为，在CFR术语成交的情况下，租船订舱是由卖方承担的，而保险是由买方办理的，因此，卖方在装船完毕后应及时向买方发出装运通知，以便买方办理投保手续，否则，由此而产生的风险应由卖方承担。
本案中，因为出口方未及时发出装运通知，导致买方未能及时办理投保手续，未能将风险及时转移给保险公司，因而，风险应由出口方承担。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝6. 答：(1) 卖方可以及时收回货款。
因为，按CIF术语成交属于象征性交货，买卖双方风险划分的界限是以货物装上船为界，其特点是卖方凭单交货，买方凭单付款。
本案中，卖方收到买方开来的信用证后及时办理了装运手续，并制作好一整套结汇单据，这说明卖方已完成了交货义务且风险也已转移给了买方，因此，只要卖方提交的单据符合信用证的规定，卖方就可以及时收回货款。
国际贸易试题库与答案(doc 8页)
国际贸易试题库与答案(doc 8页)国际贸易试题库8至17章填空、选择、判断题练习题答案：第8章：1、要素服务贸易流量，同国际收支账户中的资本项目相关。
▲非要素服务贸易流量，同国际收支账户中的经常项目相关。
2、经常账户包括的项目有：货物和服务、收入和经常转移；资本账户包括资本转移和非生产、非金融资产的收买、放弃等；金融账户包括直接投资、证券投资、其他投资和储备资产。
3、要素服务贸易专门指资本服务的收益流量的跨国转移，主要有两种形式：国际直接投资和国际间接投资。
4、国际直接投资的收益流量有两种成分，资本要素的报酬流量—利息或股息；经营管理技能的报酬流量——利润。
证券投资收益：金融资产的利息或股息。
5、非要素服务贸易的流量是国际收支统计的经常项目流量的一个剩余，方式包括国际旅游、国际电信、国际运输物流等服务贸易和国际工程的承包和建设、教育服务等劳动要素的服务。
6、专业型服务贸易，主要指咨询、管理、技术服务等专业服务贸易。
7、以下项目属于金融账户的有： B CA、债务证券债务减免B、特别提款权、外汇资产C、货币黄金、股本证券8、第三方物流行业主要包括运输业、仓储业、房地产业的企业和生产、销售企业的物流部门。
9、票据发行便利具有： A B C价格风险转移创新、B、信用风险转移创新、C、流动性增强创新。
10、下列各组金融创新方式属于价格风险转移创新的： A BA、远期利率协议、利率互换B、浮动利率债券、金融期货C、货币期权、可转让存单11技术法规、标准和合格评定程序是《WTO贸易技术壁垒协定》的核心内容，也是国际贸易技术壁垒的三个要素。
12、国际电信服务贸易属于： A 、C 。
A、非要素服务贸易B、劳务型服务贸易C、知识信息型服务贸易D、专业型服务贸易E、权益型服务贸易F、要素服务贸易选择题：1、亚洲开发银行等对本地区国家和地区提供的信贷属于： DA、商业信贷B、银行信贷C、政府间贷款D、国际金融机构信贷2、国际租赁、专利许可使用属于： BA、知识信息型服务贸易B、权益型服务贸易C、劳务型服务贸易D、专业型服务贸易3、期货和期权交易属于金融服务业务中自营或代理客户买卖下列可转让工具业务的： CA、汇率和利率工具的交易B、货币市场工具C、外汇衍生金融工具D、可转让证券E、其他可转让的证券和金融资产4、信用创造创新有以下这些： DA、可转让存单、零息债券B、浮动利率债券、垃圾债券C、双重货币债券、零息债券D、垃圾债券、零息债券E、浮动利率债券、双重货币债券5、下列各组金融创新方式属于信用风险转移创新的是：B、DA、远期利率协议、可转让贷款合同B、对等贷款、票据发行便利、C、货币期权、对等贷款D、可转让贷款合同、票据发行便利6、下列各组金融创新方式属于价格风险转移创新的有：A 、DA、远期利率协议、利率互换B、对等贷款、金融期货C、可转让存单、利率期权D、货币期权、票据发行便利7、以下项目属于金融账户的有： B CA、债务证券债务减免B、特别提款权、外汇资产C、货币黄金、股本证券8、股本证券、债务证券属于国际收支表构成中的 C 项目范畴。
国贸习题册答案
五、案例分析
• 1、答:该公司的做法不可行,因为如果在合同中未 规定按哪种计量方法时,应认为是以净重作为计 量方式,因此本案例中,我方应按净重200公吨作 为交货标准.否则买方有权要求卖方退回因短量 多收的货款. • 2、答:不妥当.因为《跟单信用证统一惯例》中有 关的数量增减规定仅适合于散装货物,而对于以 包装和个数记数的货物是不适合的.
国际贸易习题册答案
国际贸易理论部分 一、选择题答案 题号 1 答案 B 题号 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D C C D A C C A 12 13 B
答案 C ABCD ABD
国际贸易理论部分 二、判断题答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 × √ × √ × × × × × × 题号 11 12 13 14 答案 × × × ×
• 2、合同规定水份最高为14％，杂质不超过2．5％， 从合同内容看，在这笔进出口交易中，双方以商品 的规格作为表示商品品质的方法，并以此作为交验 商品的依据，属于凭规格的买卖，只要我方所交货 物符合合同规定的规格，我方就算已经履行了合同。 但是成交前我方向对方寄送样品时并未声明是参考 样品，签约后又电告对方成交货物与样品相似，这 样对方就有理由认为该笔交易既凭规格又凭样品。 而在国际贸易中，凡属于凭样买卖，卖方所交货物 必须与样品完全一致，否则买方有权拒收货物或提 出索赔。因此，在这种情况下，我方很难以该笔交 易并非凭样买卖为由不予理赔。
第八章( 第八章(三)包装条款 一、单选题答案 题号 1 2 3 A 2
ABCD
1×
4 5 C B 3
ABCD
答案 D A
二、多选题答案
题号
答案
1
ABCD
国际贸易实务习题答案完整版
第一章：贸易术语1.这一合同不属于CIF合同.因为CIF合同只要求卖方承担货物越过船弦之前的风险和损失,但根据合同规定,如果货轮迟于12月2日抵达目的港,买方有权取消合同.故卖方要承担运输过程中的风险,合同的规定已经超出了CIF的范围.若对方一定要我方保证到货时间,则应选用DES术语(目的港船上交货)或DEQ术语(目的港码头交货).2.美方此举不合理.一般情况下,使用FOB术语订立的合同,卖方必须办理货物出口清关手续并支付出口关税及其它相关清关费用.(除非合同中另有规定,出口报关由买方负责.)3.本案使用的是CFR价格条件，按照国际惯例的规定，此条件下当事人的风险划分是以装运港船舷为界。
该案中货物在运输途中遭受风险损失，货物损失看似应由买方承担，但实际上卖方在装船时是将3000公吨小麦混装的，在货物抵运目的港后，再将其中1000公吨分拨给买方。
这就涉及到有关“划拨”情况下风险转移的一种特殊原则，即在货物未划拨到合同项下之前，风险也不发生转移。
在货物海运途中，合同项下属于买方的1000公吨货物尚未从卖方的其它货物中划拨出来，因此不具备风险转移的前提条件，即使货物在装运港越过船舷仍不发生风险的转移，有关风险损失仍应由卖方承担。
本案因卖方未对合同项下的货物进行划拨，因此不具备风险转移的前提。
4.拒绝买方此要求.根据FOB术语我们可得知,租船是买方的责任,既然买方是以委托方式要求我方代为办理租船, ,并且费用由买方负担,所以能否租到合适的船,我方都不负任何责任。
买方没有权利因此而撤销合同.5.拒绝买方的要求.根据CIF术语,在货物越过装运港船弦时风险已经从卖方转移到买方.我方只负责货物在装运港之前的灭失或损失的一切风险,并支付货物运至目的港的正常运费以及签订保险合同及支付保险费.并在货物发出后及时将保险合同转让给买方.所以买方自己向中国人民保险公司提出索赔,.也没有退还全部货款的必要.6.为了减少货物存在仓库的风险,我可以应采用FCA或CIP,CPT术语签订合同.这样,当货物在交往湛江码头仓库或者承运人时风险就从我方转移至卖方,则发生此事故,货物的损失就不用我方承担.；7.按CFR术语,合同规定保险由买方自理.但我方有义务在货物装船后及时向买方发去装船通知,使买方及时购买保险,但上述案例中卖方由于未及时向买方发去装船通知,使买方无法及时购买保险,这是由于我方的失误造成的,货物在海上灭失,卖方应承担所有的损失.8.由于日本客商坚持由自己办理运输,所以采用EXW术语可以使双方都满意.第二章合同单选题判断1.由于凭样品交货时,所交货物品质必须与样品完全一致.所以虽然B交货的质量太好,但不符合合同中品质条款的规定,所以B的做法属于违约行为,如果上诉到法院,B必须赔偿A由于交货品质与样品不同而造成的全部损失.2.A公司在与外商洽谈过程中,表现出了以样品表示品质的倾向,而在合同中又用文字方法表示商品的具体规格,这两种表示方法本来就难两全,很容易让外商抓住两者之间的矛盾点,仲裁机构则认为A公司在此项交易中必须做到按样品交货,同时货物也要符合合同的品质条款,而外商的商检证书则证明A公司的货物不符合样品的要求,所以仲裁机构判决卖方没有完成交货义务，须赔付买方的品质公差. 教训:订立合同品质条款中,以上两种品质表示方法只能二者择其一,或者寄送样品时，注明“样品仅供参考，以合同品质条款为准”3.合同中规定的溢短装条款,并不适合那些可以非常明晰表示的货物计量方法,类似以件计算,以打计算,所以卖方提出的依据本身就是不合理的.在议付过程中出现了单证不符的现象,所以遭到银行的议付.教训:为了顺利完成议付,完成合同规定的卖方应负的义务,卖方应尽量做到单单相符,单证相符,单据与合同相符.4.为了时卖方在利用信用证议付时能顺利取得货款,卖方应严格按照合同以及信用证的要求,做到单单相符,单证相符,单据与合同相符.避免不必要的麻烦与损失.5.银行的拒付有理,因为数量上可以有10%的溢短装是直货物在重量上存在溢短,并不是允许能明晰表现的数量存在溢短.卖方的做法使得单证不符,必然遭到议付行的拒付.6.我方应具体分析,看卖方提出索赔时是否已经超出了索赔期,如果超出索赔期,我方则可以拒绝赔偿,但如果在索赔期内,我方应要求买方出具具体的商检证书以及证明期面料确实为我方出口给买方的那几批纺织品.如果确实责任在我方,则我方需赔偿买方的损失.7.我方应尽量不接受,因为这涉及到知识产权的问题.同时,在有些国家,没有进口商的原产地证书,有些货物是不允许销售的.这将对我方造成一定的损失.8.我方装出22公吨货物,总金额超出了信用证的最高金额,不能做到单证相符,所以遭到议付行的拒付.第三章运输单选题多选题六、计算题P16 第2题50美元+（200+200*10%）*0.05=X*（1-3%）解得X=62.9美元七.案例分析1.船公司的做法成立.因为签订的是联运提单,每个承运人只对其航程负责.但船公司仍有识别提单是否是正本(只有提正本提单,才能提取货物)的义务.所以我方应通过船公司想最后议程的承运人索赔.2.银行有拒付的权利.因为倒签提单银行是不接受，受益人也不可援引不可抗力条款，信用证的不可抗力条款只适用于银行。
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第8章国际贸易争议的预防与处理
一、单项选择题
1、“离岸重量、到岸品质”是指（ D ）
A、装运港检验
B、目的港检验
C、出口国检验、进口国复验
D、装运港检验重量、目的港检验品质
2、在众多检验商品品质的方法中，最常用的是（ C ）
A、装运港检验
B、目的港检验
C、出口国检验、进口国复验
D、装运港检验重量、目的港检验品质
3、短交在多数情况下，应该向谁索赔（ C ）
A、保险公司
B、买方
C、卖方
D、承运人
4、我某粮油食品进出口公司与美国田纳西州某公司签订进口美国小麦合同，数量为100万
公吨。
麦收前田纳西州暴雨成灾，到10月份卖方应交货时小麦价格上涨。
美方未交货。
合同订有不可抗力条款，天灾属于该条款的范围，美方据此要求免责。
此时，我方应（ D ）
A、不可抗力，予以免责，并解除合同。
B、未构成不可抗力，坚持美方应按合同规定交货。
C、构成不可抗力，可以解除合同，但要求损害赔偿。
D、成不可抗力，但不要求损害赔偿，亦不解除合同，而要求推迟到下年度交货。
5、发生（ A ），违约方可援引不可抗力条款要求免责。
A、战争
B、世界市场价格上涨
C、生产制作过程中的过失
D、货币贬值
三、案例分析题
1、某国公司以CIF鹿特丹出口食品1000箱，即期信用证付款，货物装运后，凭已装船清洁提单和已投保一切险及战争险的保险单，向银行收托货款，货到目的港后经进口人复验发现下列情况：（1）该批货物共有10个批号，抽查20箱，发现其中2个批号涉及200箱内含沙门氏细菌超过进口国的标准；（2）收货人是实收998箱，短少2箱。
（3）有15箱货物外表情况良好，但箱内货物共短少60公斤。
试分析以上情况，进口人应分别向谁索赔，并说明理由。
答案要点：
（1）（3）进口人可向出口商索赔
（2）进口人可向承运人索赔。