2014-2015学年高中英语外研版必修3语篇提能 5-3

语篇提能阅读理解AThere have been many natural disasters since ancient times. In order to fight against violence of nature and improve people's life, many scientists created lots of inventions. Here is one of them.Zhang Heng (78AD～139AD) was a great astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in today's Nanyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue his studying in the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several well－recognized literary writings. Much to everyone's amazement, he turned to astronomy after age 30 and at last he succeeded.In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph(地震仪) for measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a cylinder(圆柱) with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred，a ball fell out ofthe dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表)．Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe(旋转浑天仪). In one of his publications he also submitted π≈3.1466. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese ancient mathematics.1．What's the passage mainly about?A．Zhang Heng — a famous astronomer.B．Modern scientists and their inventions.C．Zhang Heng and his contributions.D．Zhang Heng and his hobbies.2．Zhang Heng first began to study astronomy ______.A．in the year 108B．after the year 94C．after the year 108D．in the year 1233．When a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, the seismograph Zhang Heng invented would show ______.A．how many miles away there was an earthquakeB．a big fire occurred somewhereC．earthquakes would happen all around the countryD．there might be an earthquake in this direction4．Which is NOT true according to the passage?A．Zhang Heng did well in literary studies and writing.B．Zhang Heng invented the calendar.C．Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct arotating celestial globe.D．Zhang Heng also put forward π≈3.1466.5．The underlined word “submitted” in the last paragraph means “______”．A．won B．rescuedC．repaired D．proposed答案与解析：本文主要讲了张衡的生平以及他作出的贡献。

1．解析：主旨大意题。

全篇主要介绍了张衡和他作出的贡献，C 项符合题意。

A项内容尽管正确，但不全面，不能概括全文意思；B 项内容与文章内容不符，张衡是我国古代科学家，不属于现代；D项内容也不符合文章意思，文章并没有叙述张衡的爱好。

答案：C2．解析：推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句“Zhang Heng(78 AD～139 AD) was a great astronomer ...”和最后一句“he turned to astronomy after age 30”可知C项正确。

答案：C3．解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段倒数第二句“When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, making a noise.”以及常识可知D项为正确答案。

答案：D4．解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.”可知B 项与文章内容不符，张衡只是修正了历法，使之与季节相符合，而不是发明了历法。

根据文章第二段中的“He published several well－recognized literary writings.”可知A项符合原文意思；根据最后一段第一、二句可知，C项和D项符合文章意思。

答案：B5．解析：词义猜测题。

结合单词所在句子的语境可推测submitted 应为“提出，主张”的意思。

答案：DBThese days when someone says a computer has a bug in it, usually they mean that there' s a problem with one of its programs.But back in the early days of computers, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first computer bug. As a mathematician, Hopper had been hired(雇用) by the navy to help program the new Mark Ⅱcomputer, whose job was to quickly solve the math problems ships and airplanes used to find their way.The Mark Ⅱ worked by reading instructions from a long strip of paper with holes punched(打孔) in it. The computer translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program. But the computer wasn't giving them the right results. They finally ended up taking the Mark Ⅱ apart, looking for problems.It was a dead moth(蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes on the paper strip — no wonder the computer didn't know what to do.Hopper knew that the term “bug” had been used before w hen there were problems with machines. But this was the first time a computer had ever had one. She thought it was funny that it was a real bug. Some people think Hopper was the first person to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a computer”．Grace Hopper worked with computers her whole life and went on to become a rear admiral(海军少将) in the U．S. Navy. She was the first person to write a word－based computer language. This makes it easier for people to tell computers what to do. Some people called her “Grandma COBOL”，but to most she was just “Amazing Grace”．6．According to the text, Grace Hopper ________.A．created the term “bug”B．invented the Mark Ⅱ computerC．once piloted ships and airplanesD．was the first to “debug” a computer progra m7．The dead moth caused the Mark Ⅱ computer to ________.A．break downB．run faster than beforeC．give wrong informationD．punch more holes in the paper8．We can learn from the text that ________.A．there were few women scientists in the early 19th centuryB．Grace Hopper was the first person to use computer language C．Grace Hopper made great contributions to computer science D．Grace Hopper had been a teacher before working in the U．S. Navy9．This text is mainly about ________.A．the early life of Grace HopperB．the origin of the first computer bugC．the history of the Mark Ⅱ computerD．the function of the Mark Ⅱ computer答案与解析：本文是记叙文。