The Present Situation and Prospects for Water Transport in China22
自然主义在《野性的呼唤》中的构造
淮北师范大学信息学院2012届学士学位论文The Construction of Naturalism inThe Call of the Wild学院、专业外国语、英语研究方向美国文学学生姓名赖嘉欣学号20081843051指导教师姓名杨联迎指导教师职称讲师2012 年5 月20日The Construction of Naturalism in The Call of the Wild Abstract:Naturalism is one of the most important literary schools in literature. It is born in France by the France novelist Emile Zola and was introduced to American by Frank Norris first. The term naturalism describes a type of literalism that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. It is based on an outgrowth of the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory “the survival of the fittest” and the economic determinism of Carl Marx. Its birthplace was France with Zola and Flaubert as its early representatives. Later on, it begins to flourish in other parts of the world such as Russia and the United States. Presently it has becomes a universally-accepted term by modern and contemporary critics, readers as well as novelists. Jack London was an outstanding representative of American naturalism writer. He adopted Darwin’s theory of evolution, Spencer’s social Darwinism, Nietzsche’s superman philosophy and Marxism. He wrote many great works. Jack London’s view of naturalism was fully expressed in The Call of the Wild. Through the image of Buck, readers can clearly see the Darwin’s theory “the survival of the fittest”. This paper focuses on the origin and development of naturalism and introduces the outstanding American naturalism writer ---Jack London. His work The Call of the Wild embodies the spirit of naturalism. All the changes of the dog Buck influenced by heredity and environment. And we will further talk about the naturalism in the construction of themes in The Call of the Wild.Key words:naturalism; “the survival of the fittest”; heredity; environment论自然主义在《野性的呼唤》中的建设摘要：自然主义是文学中最重要的文学流派之一。
Unit 1 Past and present.doc全
Unit 1 Past and present1、过去常做某事used to do something2、习惯于get/be used to3、习惯于某事get used to do something4、希望做某事hope to do something5、计划做某事plan to do something6、采取行动做某事take action to do something7、非常了解某人/ 某物know sb./sth. very well8、非常了解某人或某物know sb. or something well9、很了解阳光小镇know a lot about Sunshine Town10、搬走move away11、搬家move house12、搬到两个街区远move two blocks away13、搬到(进)另一套公寓move to (into) another flat14、搬到新公寓里move into new flats15、搬到新大楼move into the new building16、搬到两个街区远move two blocks away17、从那时起since then18、自从我出生以来since I was born19、在过去in the past20、目前/ 现在at present21、过去和现在past and present22、在过去的一个世纪里over the past century23、在上个世纪期间during the last century24、一生all one’s life25、他一辈子all his life26、有时/偶尔from time to time27、一小时前an hour ago28、两年了for two years29、两年前two years ago30、自从两年以来since two years ago31、上小学时at primary school32、许多次many time33、这些年来、最近几年over the years34、环境the environment35、交通状况the transport36、宽和窄wide and narrow37、生活条件/ 居住情况the living condition38、住在这个地区live in this area39、住在这个镇的北部live in the northern part of town40、在两边on both sides41、一群楼房 a group of buildings42、一个钢铁厂 a steel plant / factory43、一个新火车站 a new railway station / train station44、干净和新鲜的空气clean and fresh air45、在某种程度上in some ways46、意识到问题realize the problem47、水污染water pollution48、污染河流pollute the river 49、把废物排放到河里put the waste into the river50、改善这种情况improve the situation51、采取行动、措施take action52、采取行动措施改善这种情况take action improve the situation53、往返travel to and from54、进出这个镇travel to and from the town55、出国go abroad56、空地open place57、空旷的空间large open spaces58、把`···变成···turn···into59、变成中心公园turn into a central park60、把镇中心的部分变成一个公园turn part of the town centre intoa new park61、北京的变化change in Beijing62、变化许多change a lot63、时代改变了很多times have changed a lot64、变成不可能become impossible65、享受舒适的生活enjoy a comfortable life66、在他们的空余时间in their free time67、像以前那样经常as often as before68、感到有点寂寞feel a bit / little lonely69、打牌和下中国象棋play cards and Chinsees chess70、有私家车have own cars71、发生take place72、结婚get / be married (to sb.)73、读这本书很多次read this book many times74、采访某人interview sb.75、完成作业finish the homework76、在使用中in service77、独自/独立on one’s own78、不在not… any more79、出国深造go abroad for further study80、没有吃的东西have nothing to eat81、听收音机listen to the radio82、手机mobile phone83、太多人too many people84、我的大部分老朋友most of my old friends85、中国历史the history of China86、学更多有关learn more about87、听说有关这部电影hear about the film88、教某人许多有关的历史teach sb. a lot about the history89、与某人保持联系keep in touch with sb.90、与···保持联系keep in touch with···91、通过电子邮件与某人联系keep in touch with sb. by email92、通过电子邮件交流communicate with email93、与···交流/ 沟通communicate with ···94、通过···交流communicate by···95、容易多了much easier96、使交流更容易make communication easier97、送我上学take me to school98、步行on foot99、步行去上学walk to school / go to school on foot 100. 乘地铁by underground101. 乘坐公共汽车去市场take a bus to the shopping mallgo to the shopping mall by busgo to the shopping mall on the bus 102.骑车去上班go to work by bike / ride a bike to work 103.等待下一辆班车wait for the next bus104.修理自行车repair the bicycle105.与···分享··share···with···106.与某人分享某物share something with sb107.等待wait for108.从···返回return from109.从美国回来return from the USA110.回家return home111.回到学校return to school112.在城里逛逛go around the city113.去其他的城市go to other cities114.去另一个城市go to another city115.去度假go on holiday116.为某人买某物buy sb. sth. =buy sth. for sb.117.看展览see the exhibitions118.拥有一艘轮船 own a ship119.把某物借给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.。
论我国内河水运协调发展
论我国内河水运协调发展邓爱民;田丰;Haasis H.-D.;毛浪;蔡佳【摘要】The coordinated development is the core of sustainable development, and the hot issue of international research. Inland water transport(IWT) is an important part of the water resources exploiting system and comprehensive transport system under socio-economic context of river basin, and also the country' s sustainable development priorities to achieve resource-conserving and environment-friendly strategy. This paper is based on the coordinated development content, combined Germany' s successful development experience, explored the elements and the problem of the coordinated development of IWT system with China' s national economic strategy and basin economy, water resource system, comprehensive transport system, and system itself, and their countermeasures and suggestions,in order to facilitate rapid and coordinated development of China's inland water transport.%协调发展是可持续发展的内核,是国际学界研究的持续热点.内河水运是流域社会经济背景下综合运输与水资源综合利用体系的重要组成部分,是我国及各国实现资源节约与环境友好可持续发展的战略重点.在协调发展的内涵的基础上,结合德国成功的发展经验,探究了我国内河水运体系与国家战略,流域经济、水资源综合利用体系,综合运输体系,自身体系协调发展的意义与要素、存在的问题与原因,一一对应的对策与建议,以期促进我国内河水运快速协调发展.【期刊名称】《中国工程科学》【年(卷),期】2012(014)007【总页数】6页(P34-39)【关键词】内河水运;流域社会经济;水资源综合利用;综合运输;协调发展【作者】邓爱民;田丰;Haasis H.-D.;毛浪;蔡佳【作者单位】湖南大学工商管理学院,长沙410082;湖南大学中德交通运输与物流研究中心,长沙410082;湖南大学工商管理学院,长沙410082;湖南大学中德交通运输与物流研究中心,长沙410082;湖南大学中德交通运输与物流研究中心,长沙410082;德国航运经济与物流研究院,德国不莱梅28359;湖南大学工商管理学院,长沙410082;湖南大学中德交通运输与物流研究中心,长沙410082;湖南大学工商管理学院,长沙410082;湖南大学中德交通运输与物流研究中心,长沙410082【正文语种】中文【中图分类】C93-03;U6-91 前言协调发展是科学发展观的重要内涵，是实现可持续发展的最基本手段，也是学界与政府一直关注研究的热点术语。
2024年中考英语作文范文2篇
2024年中考英语作文范文2024年中考英语作文范文精选2篇〔一〕2024年中考英语作文题目：My Hopes and Dreams2024年，恭喜你们成为了即将面临中考的初中三年级学生。
你们正处在青春的校园生活中，面对各种学习和生活的挑战。
那么，对于即将到来的中考，你们的希望和梦想是什么呢？In 2024, congratulations to all of you who have bee the third grade students of junior high school about to face the mid-term exam. You are now in the midst of your vibrant cus life, facing various challenges in studying and living. So what are your hopes and dreams for the uping mid-term exam?For me, my hopes and dreams are very clear. I hope to achieve good results in the exam and get admitted to my ideal high school. Of course, this requires a lot of efforts to improve my academic performance, especially in English, which is one of the coresubjects of the exam. Therefore, I will set clear goals for each stage of my study, and make a study schedule to ensure that I have enough time to review and practice every day. Meanwhile, I also hope to cultivate good habits and attitudes towards learning, such as perseverance, self-discipline, and curiosity. In this way, I can not only prepare myself for the exam, but also lay a solid foundationfor my future education and career.However, my hopes and dreams do not stop here. I also want to pursue my interests and passions outside the exam, and explore more possibilities of my life. For exle, I love painting and writing, and I hope to participate in some art exhibitions and writing conteststo showcase my talents and gain more recognition. Moreover, I wantto learn more about different cultures and languages, and travel to different places to broaden my horizon and enrich my experience. I believe that by following my passions and dreams, I can not only enjoy the joy and fulfillment of life, but also find my true self and meaning in life.Therefore, my message to all of you is: Be brave to chase your hopes and dreams! Do not limit yourself by the exam or the expectations of others. You are unique and valuable, and you have the potential to achieve great success and happiness. So believe in yourself, and work hard to make your dreams e true!In conclusion, 2024年中考英语作文范文，我们每个人都有自己的希望和梦想，无论是在考试还是在生活中。
College English(Band 1)
College English —Band 1 (Intensive Reading)Unit OneVocabulary and Structure1. Eyes play an important role in body balance and it is important to ______ as much information from the environment as possible.A. absorbB. involveC. inventD. conquer2. At a drama school, there is ______ attention to a student’s control of both voice and movement, and the different departments work at developing a student’s overall acting technique.A. currentB. constantC. primaryD. worldwide3. Whatever one has planned to do is ______ to be altered in the process.A. prohibitedB. eagerC. embarrassedD. bound4. Nancy can ______ to memory all the important details of the party.A. commitB. directC. storeD. put5. Y ou ______ about your friends never coming to see you, but when they do come, you give them such a hard time that it’s hardly surprising they stay away.A. wakenB. disturbC. complainD. publish6. it if you have no time to read it carefully.A. SkimB. SkipC. MentionD. Examine7. It’s so noisy outside. Can you what you’re doing?A. look overB. go overC. turn overD. concentrate on8. If he ______ of all the dangers, he should change his mind.A. knowsB. is awareC. hearsD. is clear9. Because of the heavy fog, we arrived in Shanghai behind ______.A. timeB. timetableC. planD. schedule10. If your child is spending too much time on computer games, think carefully about how you are going to ______ the situation.A. accomplishB. handleC. arrangeD. deal11. Music, for both of us, is part of life we treasure, and Michael has found his records and tapes a constant ________ of happiness during long hours of inactivity.A. packageB. illustrationC. sourceD. addition12. If you ______ a photograph, you print a bigger copy of it.A. enlargeB. increaseC. broadenD. expand13. It’s important to ______ out for pedestrians while driving in the downtown area.A. takeB. giveC. watchD. see14. When you meet with a problem, find a way to ______ it.A. answerB. dealC. solveD. settle15. A business manager must be able to ______ with his fellow workers fairly well.A. talkB. communicateC. correspondD. speakUnit TwoVocabulary and Structure1. The city Baoding was extensively ______ in the earthquake.A. destroyedB. injuredC. woundedD. damaged2. The accident was not serious at all. It did ______ to either car.A. a few damagesB. few damagesC. a little damageD. little damage3. What he has done can be praised as a real ______.A. adventureB. ventureC. riskD. danger4. The stubborn old man is ______ to do all the things by himself.A. determiningB. determinedC. determineD. determination5. Susan got a serious seasick during the ______.A. journeyB. tourC. voyageD. trip6. He flew from Europe to Tokyo by the ______ across the Pole.A. courseB. routeC. wayD. method7. The doctor him and looked at his back.A. turned…toB. turned…onC. turned…downD. turned…over8. The police ______ the hope of finding the missing child alive.A. gave upB. gave outC. give awayD. gave off9. The Red Army ______ 25,000 li on their Long March.A. recoveredB. discoveredC. coveredD. uncovered10. The pilot tried to ______ the controlling station, but he failed.A. contactB. connectC. contractD. contrast11. Mary asked her mother to ______ her at 8 next morning.A. wakeB. awakenC. wakenD. awake12. ______ of the efforts he made, he lost the chance of promotion.A. AlthoughB. Even thoughC. DespiteD. In spite13. The uninteresting film ______ on for more than two hours.A. draggedB. pulledC. drewD. pushed14. It was getting colder and colder, so we to make a fire.A. gave upB. set upC. set outD. carried out15. It is dangerous for a girl to make a ______ trip.A. single handB. single-handC. single handedD. single-handedUnit ThreeVocabulary and Structure1. We say, even the king will have some poor ______.A. relativesB. relationsC. relationshipsD. relativities2. It is ______ to find him absent from school.A. scarceB. rareC. seldomD. never3. The present was given to us on the ______ of our wedding ceremony.A. situationB. caseC. timeD. occasion4. That hard-working boy got a gold ______ in the mathematics competition.A. medalB. modelC. metalD. mental5. We should respect the ______ and take care of the children.A. agingB. agelessC. agedD. age-old6. He is perfectly ______ to live alone and paint pictures all day.A. contentB. contextC. contractD. contrast7. The tourist guide has ______ for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.A. preparedB. arrangedC. orderedD. planned8. The city’s transport system is one of the most _______ in Europe.A. sufficientB. proficientC. effectiveD. efficient9. He was caught spitting in the public and fined five Y uan on the ______.A. placeB. spotC. groundD. sport10.The French table is a very valuable _______ of furniture in the house.A. pieceB. setC. seriesD. spot11. After sitting down on the chair, he took out a ______ of cigarettes.A. packetB. packageC. packD. parcel12. They had spent 3 days in the desert without water, and couldn’t _______ much longer.A. surviveB. remainC. endureD. support13. I was so careless that I threw the ______ letter in the mailbox.A. unpreparedB. unsealedC. unreadD. unpacked14. To my great ______, my mother’s post didn’t come to me on time.A. pleasureB. happinessC. satisfactionD. disappointment15. They were ______ to move away, but they had no choice.A. reluctantB. relievedC. relaxedD. reliableUnit FourVocabulary and Structure1. I ______ my whole vacation in learning English in order to get a good mark in the CET 4.A. tookB. costC. paidD. spent2. Noise is a ______ when you are trying to study.A. disconnectionB. distractionC. distributionD. distinction3. She managed to become a ______ woman.A. literateB. literalC. literaryD. liberate4. I know he hasn’t finished the work, but, _________, he is a very busy man.A. above allB. in additionC. in factD. after all5. Some TV ______ will surely do good to children.A. proceduresB. prospectsC. programsD. projects6. After I had finished eating, he ______ to set off immediately.A. suggestedB. advisedC. proposedD. put forward7. Students in middle school should be ______ from smoking.A. prohibitedB. permittedC. forbiddenD. forgiven8. ______ symptoms will include severe headaches, vomiting, dizziness, etc.A. NormalB. UsualC. TypicalD. Ordinary9. We should always remember that truth is the ______ of practice.A. produceB. productC. productionD. productivity10. He took a ______ at his watch and saw that it was already lunch time.A. stareB. glareC. gazeD. glance11. Don’t ______ yourself in unnecessary expense.A. includeB. containC. involveD. join12. I don’t wish to be ______ in my work. So please come tomorrow.A. disturbedB. distractedC. tiredD. bored13. A person’s real age sometimes doesn’t correspond to his or her ______ age.A. metalB. mentalC. medalD. moral14.The desperate search for timber and fuel would ________ the destruction of the forest.A. lead toB. set upC. bring outD. come up with15. I have spent all my pocket money on ______ books this year.A. worthB. worthyC. worthwhileD. worthlessUnit FiveVocabulary and Structure1. He might as well have picked a family ______ out of the telephone book and stayed with them.A. at randomB. at a timeC. after allD. in detail2. “Is there anything in your life which would ______ the party if it became public?”A. disturbB. wakenC. involveD. embarrass3. The books are beautifully ______ with drawings and photographs.A. designedB. writtenC. illustratedD. covered4. He suggested the driver take the White Road instead of St. Peter Street, since the ______ was narrow and muddy.A. lateB. latterC. laterD. latest5. The writer would rather live in his native country and not be allowed to ______, than go elsewhere and be free to do so.A. writeB. escapeC. publishD. retire6. Einstein was not just a ______, he was among the most influential figures in human history.A. geniusB. genuineC. generalD. generation7. Quite a few companies are competing for the ______ for work on Europe’s tallest building.A. contactB. contractC. contradictD. contest8. She has never made any attempt to ______ her children and now they are beyond her control.A. trainB. educateC. disciplineD. govern9. Unless your speaking is a very short one, I’m afraid we cannot ______ the program.A. arrange inB. put inC. give inD. fit in10. As he worked as an electrical engineer for many years, he had every ______ for the job.A. abilityB. qualificationC. certificateD. permission11. Y ou will be a good pianist if you set you ______ it.A. mind inB. memory inC. mind onD. heart in12. Hearing the news that she won the competition, she ______ tears and embraced her mother.A. burst intoB. broke intoC. burst outD. burst in13. Frank ______ the letter with the English novel which he sent to me.A. enabledB. enlargedC. entitledD. enclosed14. If you drive a car all your life, the ______ are that you’ll have an accident at some time.A. chancesB. opportunitiesC. oddsD. possibilities15. There are no paid holidays or sick leave if you are ______.A. self-employedB. self-supportingC. self-educatedD. self-respectingUnit SixVocabulary and Structure1. I was ________to be sitting next to such a famous writer.A. amazedB. depressedC. thrilledD. bored2. As a manager, he has paid a lot of attention to the _______ in this factory.A. effectB. effectivenessC. efficiencyD. capability3. In the past twenty years our country has got great achievement in ______ field.A. industryB. industrialC. industriousD. industrialist4. Life was extremely hard in the past. My grandmother had no chance to go to school, even the ______ school.A. introductoryB. elementaryC. basicD. fundamental5. Jack has flown to New Y ork, but he will be back before long, because he went there only on ______ business.A. short- termB. short termC. short-termedD. short-terming6. His careless speech _______ much argument among the students.A. raisedB. resulted inC. brought upD. led about7. She could not help weeping after she had found her favorite watch ______.A. missB. missedC. missingD. to be missed8. The ______ audience left the cinema one after another before the ______ film drew to the end.A. boring…boredB. bored…boringC. boring…boringD. bored…bored9. “Child” has an ______ plural form “Children”.A. irregularB. unregularC. disregularD. regular10. We were greatly _______ to hear that you had arrived safely.A. amazedB. encouragedC. relievedD. stimulated11. She often sleeps during the daytime because her work is on night ______.A. shiftB. turnC. changeD. move12. Our garden is beautiful, ______ in spring when all the flowers are in blossom.A. speciallyB. usuallyC. mostlyD. especially13. John is very capable. Y ou see, although the problem was very difficult, he ______ to solve it at last.A. triedB. decidedC. promisedD. managed14. The little fox was not clever enough to miss ______ by the hunter.A. catchingB. caughtC. being caughtD. to be caught15. Y ou should have ________ the car thoroughly before you bought it.A. inspectedB. requiredC. observedD. orderedUnit SevenVocabulary and Structure1. He always takes full ______ of the mistakes made by his rivals.A. advantageB. interestC. benefitD. profit2. As a senior executive, you can enjoy certain ______, such as free health insurance and the rightto buy shares on the company.A. advantageB. profitsC. interestsD. privileges3. He is _______ of being involved in the recent robbery.A. expectedB. inspectedC. suspectedD. doubted4. We can’t _______ a holiday to go away this summer.A. spendB. payC. affordD. cost5. He ______ the old woman out of her money by making her sign a paper she did not understand.A. deceivedB. cheatedC. trickedD. persuaded6. Flowers and sacrifice were slowly ______ out by the old lady before the tomb of her son who died in the battle.A. liedB. laidC. lainD. layed7. How strange it is! He looks as if he ______ all about it.A. knowsB. knowC. knewD. has known8. There must have happened something special. They are all ______ in white.A. dressedB. put onC. wornD. covered9. He seemed out of ________in jeans at the party.A. questionB. sightC. controlD. place10. He must be very poor since he is wearing old and ______ clothes.A. tearingB. tearedC. toreD. torn11. Would you please ______ me a favor by lending me your computer for a few days?A. makeB. doC. haveD. help12. The shop assistant ______ out the food on the counter.A. laidB. displayedC. spreadD. arranged13. They were arguing but ________ off when someone suddenly came into the room.A. tookB. turnedC. brokeD. gave14. Poor old George has ______ down in the world since his business failed.A. brokenB. goneC. turnedD. come15. Chinese people on both sides of Taiwan Strait ______ for reunification.A. dreamB. look forwardC. longD. desireUnit EightVocabulary and Structure1. Y oung pilots should ______ doing too many new things in one flight; i.e. do not fly a new type of aircraft on an unfamiliar field.A. manageB. decreaseC. avoidD. deny2. The overall length of gas pipeline was planned to reach 300,000 km, enough to ______ to the moon and back.A. hoverB. stretchC. limpD. expose3. Burns can be caused when skin that isn’t used to the sun is ______ to short bursts of strong sunlight.A. exposedB. revealedC. wrinkledD. snapped4. Mr. Trump would not ______ details of his plan for a new factory to make mobile phones in China.A. exposeB. revealC. indicateD. enclose5. Every man has moved into position and must remain silent until the ______ moment.A. painfulB. emotionalC. favoriteD. critical6. Having lived abroad in America for some years, she ______ good knowledge of English language.A. attainedB. acquiredC. achievedD. accomplished7. American women were ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A. ignoredB. refusedC. neglectedD. denied8. He ______ an old friend in the supermarket that day.A. met withB. came intoC. came uponD. came to9. Abraham Lincoln ______ his famous Gettysburg Speech on the train.A. composedB. createdC. made upD. invented10. He ______ his success in career to good luck more than to ability.A. dueB. owedC. thankedD. contributed11. I’ve always believed that happiness ______ more than money.A. matteredB. is importantC. discountsD. counts12. I wanted to tell him the news, but something ______me ______.A. held…toB. held…backC. held…onD. held…up13. ______ in your own abilities is of first importance to your success in the job of a team leader.A. IntentionB. EncouragementC. LackD. Confidence14. Although most dreams apparently appear ______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously15. If I come back ______, I’ll do everything to make you happy.A. liveB. aliveC. livingD. livelyUnit NineVocabulary and Structure1. As anyone who has ______ an accident will tell you, the apparent security of cars is deceptive.A. sampledB. vanishedC. scrapedD. survived2. Why does the space shuttle ______ those long streams of flame and smoke?A. send offB. give outC. permitD. emit3. His hesitation ______ his unwillingness.A. announcesB. indicatesC. pointsD. declares4. His heart beat so fast that he could hardly ______.A. breatheB. respireC. inspireD. aspire5. We’ve ______ a conclusion that this is not true.A. reachedB. arrivedC. cameD. obtained6. Medical science is ______rapidly in our country.A. proceedingB. progressingC. movingD. going7. ______ this problem, I will tackle with it later.A. AtB. ConcernedC. WithD. As for8. Nearly all weather occurs in the lowest layer of the ______.A. airB. heavenC. atmosphereD. sky9. Traffic tell drivers when to stop and when to go.A. signsB. indicationsC. signalsD. signatures10. This of wine is only made in Italy.A. stereotypeB. typicalC. typingD. type11. They will restore the house to its state.A. creativeB. lastC. originalD. concrete12. The burning building the whole district.A. held backB. broke outC. lit upD. stuck up13. He died in poverty though he had once been a millionaire.A. veryB. permanentC. pitifulD. extreme14. “We have monitored in the area and there is no ______ to health,” she said.A. suggestionB. hazardC. complimentD. signs15. Henry ______ into a table and landed heavily on the floor and had to be helped to his feet by friends.A. crashedB. clashedC. crushedD. smashedUnit T enVocabulary and Structure1. He must have been very nervous while speaking. Did you ______ that his hand was shaking?a. mind B. notice C. attention D. concentrate2. I remember that I ______ the Party before my graduation from the university.A. attendedB. tookC. joinedD. joined in3. If you are ________ something, you are very interested in it.A. concentrated onB. involvedC. coming up withD. caught up in4. Our house was built ________ around 1905.A. some timeB. sometimesC. sometimeD. some times5. I was completely _______by his refusal to help.A. amusedB. stunnedC. relaxedD. insulted6. Not until late at night did the boat _____ into the harbor.A. pullB. enterC. driveD. drag7. There is a deep love between the young couple ______ in understanding and support.A. rootB. rootingC. rootedD. to root8. I can not tell how old he is because the sad and complex expression on his face ______ his age.A. revealsB. masksC. preventsD. shows9. As soon as he succeeded in stealing, the thief ran into the crowd and ______ from sight.A. appearedB. diminishedC. departedD. vanished10. Our ________ drove away the wild animals.A. advantageB. adventureC. assignmentD. approach11. The enemy gave up the idea of holding their ground to the end and began to ______.A. retreatB. replaceC. replayD. recall12. When I entered the room, he ______ to welcome me.A. raisedB. roseC. aroseD. arouse13. It was quite ______ for her to deal with so much troublesome work all by her herself.A. nothingB. somethingC. anythingD. order14. Sir, here is the menu. Would you like to ______ your meal now?A. haveB. bookC. reserveD. order15. Since almost all the employees objected to his order, the manager had ______ it back.A. comeB. fetchC. takeD. getError Correction1. Mr. Brown asked me to write an 800-words article and hand it in the following week.A B C D2. We found out why the machine had stopped working after examined it carefully.A B C D3. The whole voyage took him nine months, of what the sailing time was 226 days.A B C D4. Without your help, we would not complete the project on time. That’s why I’m so grateful toA B C Dyou.5. There were several proposals that we ought to rest more frequently.A B C D6. It was years since it snowed here.A B C D7. I was so much discouraged by this failure to make another attempt.A B C D8. We supported his prediction which we would have an earthquake within a couple of years.A B C D9. He woke early, meaning to spend all day to write cards, but didn’t write any in the end.A B C D10. Alice is the only one of those neighbors who are always willing to help the old man.A B C D11. I’d like to talk over the article you wrote with the editor before getting it publishing.A B C D12. One day I asked this question to the shop girl, and I learned it was indeed the case.A B C D13.This hole in my shirt looks as if it having been made by a bullet.A B C D14.What is reported that the car had been hit by a mysterious car before it crashed into the wall.A B C D15. It was not until he was three years old then he was able to walk.A B C DSentence StructureUnit 1In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.It is true that there are a few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language.Unit 2The voyage covered 28,500 miles.—It was a 28,500-mile voyage.The students are in their fourth year.—They are fourth year students.Chichester covered 14,100 miles before he stopped in Sydney.—before stopping in SydneyAlthough his friends attempted to dissuade him, he set off once more—He set off once more in spite of his friends’ attempts to dissuade him.Unit 3The parcel was so large that it couldn’t come by letter post.—The parcel was too large to come by letter post.Johnny said he would go out to play only after the post had come.—Johnny said he would not go out to play until the post had come.Unit 4Our manager will visit France this winter.—Our manager will pay a visit to France this winter.If they had not the distraction of TV, they might sit around together and talk to one another. —Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together and talk to one another. Television came to control American free time only twenty-five years ago.—It has been (is) only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time.Unit 5But sometimes you do find a friend who supports your dreams.T o my astonishment, they published my poem.Unit 6I spent about a week looking around and making notes.The essays by the foreign students are well-written except for a few mistakes in grammar.He used to travel by air.—He didn’t use to travel by air.—Did he use to travel by air?Unit 7He jumped back as if he had been stung.James looks as if he is putting on weight.Are you going to Qingdao this summer? No, I’m going somewhere else.Unit 8I was sickened by the knowledge that, bursting into her room like this, I had robbed her of the pleasure of seeing me astonished and delighted on Christmas day.Maybe it would be better to say nothing but appear to be shocked into such deep pleasure that speech had escaped me.Unit 9They were able to get valuable information because of excellent weather conditions.It is unfit to drink as recent findings indicate.The earlier the better, as far as I am concerned.Unit 10He sat in front of them, his dusty face masking his age.The girl insisted that he (should) join them.Tom turned round from time to time as if searching for someone in the crowd.11。
MXenes_在水系锌离子电池中的应用研究进展
物 理 化 学 学 报Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39 (5), 2210027 (1 of 18)Received: October 20, 2022; Revised: December 14, 2022; Accepted: December 19, 2022; Published online: January 3, 2023. *Correspondingauthor.Email:***************;Tel.:+86-10-64434703.The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52273274), the State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites (oic-202101010), and the Natural Science Basic Research Project of Shaanxi Province (2022JQ-123).国家自然科学基金(52273274), 有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室(oic-202101010)和陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-123)资助© Editorial office of Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica[Review]doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210027Recent Progress of MXenes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion BatteriesHuan Liu 1, Yu Ma 1, Bin Cao 1, Qizhen Zhu 2, Bin Xu 2,*1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China.2 State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology forMaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.Abstract: In recent years, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received considerable interest as a novel and promising alternative energy storage technology. Owing to their particular structural traits and physicochemical qualities, MXenes as cathodes impart significant beneficial properties to AZIBs, such as readily modifiable two-dimensional (2D) structure, high electrical conductivity, desirable chemical composition, and controllable surface chemical properties. This review includes a comprehensivediscussion on the progression of MXenes in AZIBs in relation to the most sophisticated structural design and performance optimization methodologies available for the construction of cathodes and anodes. MXenes may be utilized directly as an active material or a precursor of an active material in cathodes to achieve a long cycle life and high rate performance because of their contribution, which is summarized as follow: (1) MXenes with a 2D layered structure and high conductivity can be employed as a conductive substrate in combination with manganese and vanadium oxides to enhance the cycle and rate performance of composite materials; (2) zinc ion transport kinetics is accelerated in manganese and vanadium oxide composites when 3D MXenes are used as a substrate; (3) MXenes allow excellent electrolyte penetration owing to the presence of abundant hydrophilic functional groups, which may enhance the electrochemical response of composite electrode materials; (4) MXene derivatives contain a broad range of surface functional groups and exhibit high activity and a wide voltage window; (5) MXenes possess remarkable mechanical flexibility, allowing for the production of flexible wearable AZIBs. Moreover, MXenes can be employed as a 2D/3D host, zincophilic seed matrix, and zinc interface protection layer to retard zinc metal corrosion and dendrite formation when zinc metal is used as the anode because of the following advantages: (1) MXenes have a 2D structure and multi-functional surface, allow excellent water dispersion, and can be processed into various porous skeletons; (2) MXenes exhibit excellent electrical conductance and ion diffusion, allowing for rapid electrochemical kinetics during zinc plating/stripping; (3) lattice size compatibility between MXenes and zinc metal allows zinc metal to nucleate and deposit evenly; (4) the abundant functional groups on the MXene surface may serve as zincophilic and nucleation sites to promote the homogeneous nucleation and deposition of zinc. The review also highlights the electrochemical deposition (for zinc foil) and physical mixing techniques for using MXenes as a host to encapsulate zinc (for zinc powder). Moreover, the discussion is directed to the use of MXenes as an electrolyte additive for AZIBs and as an inorganic filler for solid electrolytes to prevent dendrite formation and corrosion issues in zinc anodes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of using MXenes in AZIBs are presented.Key Words: MXenes; Aqueous zinc-ion battey; Cathode; Host; Interface protection;Electrolyte additiveMXenes在水系锌离子电池中的应用研究进展刘欢1，马宇1，曹斌1，朱奇珍2，徐斌2,*1西安科技大学，材料科学与工程学院，西安 7100542北京化工大学，有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室，材料电化学过程与技术北京市重点实验室，北京 100029摘要：水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为一种低成本、高安全的新兴且前景广阔的储能技术近年来备受关注。
城市交通问题英语作文150词
城市交通问题英语作文1Nowadays, urban traffic problems have become a significant concern in our cities. The issue of traffic congestion is one of the most prominent. The rapid increase in the number of vehicles in cities is a major contributor. For example, in many metropolises, the roads are filled with cars during rush hours, causing long queues and wasting people's precious time. Moreover, the irrational planning of road networks also plays a role. Some roads are too narrow to accommodate the large volume of traffic, leading to frequent traffic jams.In addition to congestion, traffic safety is another critical problem. The failure of pedestrians to follow traffic rules often results in tragic accidents. We often witness pedestrians crossing the road carelessly, ignoring traffic lights and putting themselves and others in danger.To solve these problems, effective measures need to be taken. The government should improve the public transportation system to encourage people to use buses or subways instead of private cars. Also, better urban planning is essential to ensure that roads are designed more scientifically. Moreover, strengthening traffic safety education is necessary to raise people's awareness of following traffic rules. Only through these efforts can we hope to have a more efficient and safe urban transportation system.Urban traffic problems have become a significant concern in modern cities. The congestion on the roads not only wastes people's precious time but also causes environmental pollution and adds to the stress of daily life.To solve these problems, several effective measures can be taken. Firstly, the development of public transportation is of utmost importance. Expanding the subway and bus networks can encourage more people to choose public transport, reducing the number of private cars on the roads. For example, cities like Singapore have highly efficient public transportation systems, which have greatly alleviated traffic jams.Secondly, optimizing the settings of traffic signals is crucial. Smart traffic signal systems that adjust based on real-time traffic conditions can improve the flow of vehicles and prevent unnecessary backups.Furthermore, strengthening the publicity and education of traffic regulations is indispensable. By raising public awareness of traffic rules, people will be more likely to follow them, leading to a more orderly traffic environment.In conclusion, only through the joint efforts of the government and the public can we effectively address the urban traffic problems and create a smooth and pleasant urban traffic system.Urban traffic problems have become a significant concern in modern cities, exerting profound influences on both the lives of residents and the development of the city. Traffic congestion is a prevalent issue that often leads to people being late for work or school. Imagine the frustration of being stuck in a traffic jam for hours, causing stress and anxiety. Not only does this waste precious time, but it also increases the cost of travel as more fuel is consumed.Moreover, these problems have a negative impact on the economic development of the city. Delayed transportation of goods and services hampers business efficiency and competitiveness. It also discourages potential investors and hinders the growth of industries.The environment suffers as well. The excessive number of vehicles on the roads emits large amounts of pollutants, contributing to poor air quality and various health problems for the population. This not only poses a threat to the present but also has long-term implications for future generations.In conclusion, it is evident that urban traffic problems are not merely inconveniences but have far-reaching consequences that require immediate and effective solutions to ensure a better quality of life and sustainable urban development.In today's rapidly evolving world, urban transportation has become a significant issue that affects the quality of life in cities. When we look at different cities around the globe, we can clearly see vast disparities in their transportation systems.Take cities like Singapore and Tokyo, for instance. Their efficient public transportation networks, including well-organized metro systems and reliable buses, have greatly reduced the reliance on private cars. These cities have implemented strict traffic management policies, such as congestion charges and dedicated lanes for public transport. This has not only alleviated traffic congestion but also contributed to a cleaner environment.On the contrary, some cities have faced severe transportation problems. In certain places, poor urban planning has led to sprawling development, making it difficult for public transportation to reach all areas. The lack of integrated transportation systems and the dominance of private vehicles have caused frequent traffic jams, wasting people's precious time and increasing air pollution.From these comparisons, we can draw valuable lessons. Well-planned infrastructure, a focus on public transportation, and strict traffic regulations are essential for a smooth and sustainable urban transportation system. We should learn from the successes of cities with good transportation andavoid the mistakes made by those struggling with traffic chaos. Only by doing so can our cities become more livable and functional.5Urban transportation is a topic of great significance and complexity in modern society. With the rapid development of cities, the problems related to traffic have become increasingly prominent. However, looking into the future, there are numerous promising solutions and directions that hold the potential to transform urban transportation for the better.The application of intelligent transportation systems is one of the most exciting prospects. Advanced technologies such as real-time traffic monitoring, intelligent traffic lights, and self-driving vehicles can significantly improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. For instance, intelligent traffic lights can adjust their timings based on the actual traffic volume, minimizing waiting times and enhancing the overall efficiency of the road network.Another crucial aspect is the promotion of green travel modes. Bicycles and public transportation, especially electric buses and subways, not only contribute to reducing carbon emissions but also alleviate the pressure on roads. Cities should invest in expanding and improving public transportation infrastructure to make it more convenient and attractive for people to choose these eco-friendly options.In conclusion, the future of urban transportation lies in the integrationof smart technologies and the encouragement of sustainable travel choices. By doing so, we can create more livable, efficient, and environmentally friendly cities that benefit all residents.。
二维材料加栅极电压调费米面载流子
二维材料加栅极电压调费米面载流子1.二维材料在加上栅极电压后可以调节费米能级，从而影响载流子的输运性质。
2.通过调节栅极电压，可以在二维材料中实现费米面的调控，从而改变材料的导电性能。
3.栅极电压的变化可以改变二维材料中的费米能级位置，从而影响材料的电子输运行为。
4.二维材料的导电性能可以通过调节栅极电压来实现精确控制，从而拓展其在电子器件中的应用。
5.在二维材料器件中，栅极电压的作用是调节费米面位置，进而影响电子的载流子行为。
6. The gate voltage can be used to modulate the Fermi level in 2D materials, thereby affecting the transport properties of charge carriers.7. By adjusting the gate voltage, the Fermi level in 2D materials can be controlled, thus changing the material's electrical conductivity.8. The variation of gate voltage can alter the position of the Fermi level in 2D materials, affecting the electronic transport behavior of the material.9. The electrical conductivity of 2D materials can be precisely controlled by adjusting the gate voltage, expanding their applications in electronic devices.10. In 2D material devices, the gate voltage modulates the Fermi level position, thereby influencing the charge carrier behavior of the electrons.11.通过改变栅极电压来调控费米面的位置，可以改变二维材料的电子输运性能。
锂离子电池非水电解质中Li +迁移特性
收稿:2006年12月,收修改稿:2007年5月 3通讯联系人 e 2mail :hexm @锂离子电池非水电解质中的Li +迁移特性赵吉诗 王 莉 何向明3 姜长印 万春荣(清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院 北京102201)摘 要 电解质是锂离子电池的重要组成部分之一,其中Li +的迁移特性对电池性能具有显著影响。
本文综述了用于锂离子电池的凝胶、聚合物和非水液态电解质中Li +迁移特性的研究进展,分析了影响Li +迁移的主要因素,并提出了进一步的研究重点和新的研究方法。
关键词 锂离子电池 非水电解质 电导率 Li +迁移数中图分类号:O646;T M911 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10052281X (2007)1021467208Transport Properties of Lithium 2Ion of E lectrolyte Usedin Lithium 2Ion B atteriesZhao Jishi Wang Li He Xiangming3 Jiang Changyin Wan Chunrong(Institute of Nuclear &New Energy T echnology ,Tsinghua University ,Beijing 102201,China )Abstract The ability to conduct ions is the basic function of non 2aqueous electrolytes used in the lithium 2ion batteries.It determines how fast the energy stored in electrodes can be delivered.Recent advances of the transport properties of the lithium ion in the non 2aqueous electrolyte including the gel ,polymer and liquid systems are reviewed.The factors in fluencing the trans fer of the lithium ion and the prospects of the research are als o discussed.K ey w ords lithium 2ion batteries ;non 2aqueous electrolyte ;conductivity ;lithium 2ion transport number1 引言锂离子电池已经在便携式电子设备中得到了广泛的应用,随着信息时代的到来,其应用范围正在迅速扩展。
2023年中考英语作文范文：人与自然
Possible essay:Human and NatureIn the year 2023, the world continued to face the challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental pollution. However, there were also signs of hope and action, as more and more people realized the importance of living in harmony with nature, and took steps to protect and restore ecosystems and species.Humans and nature have been intertwined since the beginning of human evolution. We have learnt to adapt to various environments, utilize natural resources, and transform landscapes for our needs and desires. However, our relationship with nature has also been marked by conflicts, exploitation, and neglect. As our population and technology have grown, so have our impacts on the planet, altering the balance of ecosystems, degrading the quality of air, water, and soil, and causing the extinction of many plants and animals. Fortunately, in recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the value of biodiversity and the threats to it. Governments, NGOs, businesses, and individuals have launched various initiatives and campaigns to protect and restore ecosystems, such as forests, wetlands, coral reefs, and grasslands. They have also recognized the importance of reducing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy, and adapting to the impacts of climate change, such as extreme weather events, sea level rise, and biodiversity loss.For example, in China, the government has launched a majorecological civilization program, which aims to restore degraded ecosystems, control air and water pollution, and promote green development. The program has involved massive tree planting, wetland restoration, desertification control, and biodiversity protection, as well as the enforcement of strict environmental laws and regulations. The program has also recognized the role of indigenous people and local communities in preserving and utilizing natural resources in sustainable ways, and has supported their livelihoods and cultures.In other parts of the world, there have been similar efforts to reconcile human needs with nature protection. The United Nations has declared 2021-2030 as the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, to mobilize resources and actions for scaling up the restoration of degraded and destroyed ecosystems, as a means to enhancebiodiversity, mitigate climate change, and improve the livelihoodsof millions of people. The European Union has adopted a Green Deal, which aims to make the EU climate-neutral by 2050, by investing in renewable energy, energy efficiency, circular economy, andsustainable agriculture and forestry. Many cities and towns havealso joined the global movement of sustainable urban development, by promoting green spaces, public transport, waste reduction, and community participation.As a young person living in this era of increasingly urgent environmental challenges, I feel both inspired and challenged by the prospects of human and nature cooperation. On the one hand, I admire the courage and wisdom of those who have dedicated their lives to protecting and restoring nature, and improving the quality of life for all. I also appreciate the beauty and diversity of the natural world, and the joy and tranquility it can provide to human beings. On the other hand, I am aware of the enormity of the task ahead, andthe need for collective action and transformative changes in our social, economic, and political systems.Therefore, I believe that education plays a crucial role in shaping the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of young people towards nature and sustainability. It should help us understand the interdependent relationships between human actions and natural processes, and the ethical and practical implications of our choices and values. It should also empower us to become active citizens and agents of change, by promoting critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills. In this way, we can work with nature, rather than against it, and create a better future for ourselves and the planet.。
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The Present Situation and Prospects for Water Transport in China Xu Zuyuan Voce Minister, the Ministry of Communications
Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Today I am very much pleased to have a chance to exchange views with you on the subject of “The new trend of shipping industry and new development of shipbuilding industry in the present world”. Practice has shown that readjusting of economy policy in China and Changing of freight volume and freight have great influence on the development of global shipping market. Here, I would like to share the achievement of water transport in China with you, and discuss the development as well a the prospects of future development. During the period of “the 10th five-year plan” water transportation in China has developed rapidly. Infrastructure construction steps at coastal ports have obviously been speeded up. The construction of Shanghai Yang Shan deep-water port in its first phase, deep channel waterway projects at the Yangtze River and Pearl River estuaries as well as some main hub of ports, and a number of wharf projects intended for large-scale containerships, coal and iron ore carriers, or crude oil tankers has started and put into operation respectively. In the areas around the Bohai Sea and delta of Yangtze River as well as Pearl River, groups of harbors begin to take shape. Numbers of specialized large-scale terminals for crude oil, ore and coal, and trunk waterway ports capable of accepting container ships of 4th generation or above were built up. Port berthing structure is developing to become large-sized and specialized. Inland water transport conditions significantly improved. Relevant projects were started or put into service one after another, such as: reconstruction of facilities in submerged areas of the Three-Gorges Dam, the reformation and necessary projects of navigation route for Nan-Liu branch of Yangtze River and within the Three-Gorges Dam area, renovation projects of numerous inland waterways, construction of terraced and canalized hub of navigation and hydropower and ship locks, development projects of international(border) rivers, and projects of shipping support and securing system as berthing projects for bulk carriers, containerships and multipurpose vessels. Shipping capacity rapidly increased. There are 210,000 vessels in all in China and its net deadweight is of 86 million dwt. Among them there are 2017 ocean-going vessels with more than 32.6 million net dwt and container volume is of 579,800 TEU; 8700 coastal vessels with over 15.5 million net dwt and container volume is of 47,200 TEU. Structure adjustment of shipping capacity has been steadily advancing. In the macro-regulation of shipping capacity a new adjusting and control pattern based on technology and age of vessel as a standard and by means of market regulation, has been established thus promoting vessels oriented to large- sized, specialized and modernized. In 2004, the total capacity of container shipping under the control of COSCO Group ranked the 9th in the world, and for CHINA SHIPPING(Group) Company was 10th. By using regulation funds of shipping capacity, the backward type of vessels of the old vessels, wooden and cement-bound boats, outboard-propelled boats etc. have been eliminated speedily. The results help promote ship’s upgrading and standardization of inland water vessels. Adjustment of enterprise structure has been carried out step by step. The numbers of shipping enterprises in China, especially those worked on shipping internationally, are diminishing every year, while the total capacity of shipping is continually rising. The state-owned large shipping enterprises are continuously developing their scopes, with intensification degree ever going up. Enterprise structure becomes more reasonable. International competition ability of COSCO, CSCO, China Merchants Group Co., LTD and SINO-TRANS etc. has significantly been strengthened, rapidly improving their positions in the world. Meanwhile, there are emerging on the horizon a number of middle-sized international shipping enterprises such as Nanjing Oil Shipping Corp. and so on with obviously increased competence. In terms of the international agent services there appears multilateral competition situation between numerous agencies. Service by freighters without vessels was started from the zero point, experiencing a stage of regulatory management and quick development. Structure adjustment in shipping organization has speeded up steps. Container shipments for foreign trading, home trading as well as inland feeders are speedily developing with more and more enhanced containerization ratio. River-ocean linking and “main stream-tributary through” container shipping network formation are going on rapidly. Transport systems for major bulks such as crude oil, iron ore, grain etc, are being built up step by step. Water passenger traffic has been further developed and oriented to regionalized, touristy and high speed. Multi-mode through transport becomes further developed. Large shipping enterprises enhanced their scale and intensiveness, among them 8 ports have reached a throughput above 100 million tones. Information service level within the water transport industry has been enhanced further, EDI centers and relevant management information systems were set up in more than 20 ports and shipping enterprises. Conditions with respect to safety on waters all over the country are basically stable.