(完整版)机械专业英语作业

8.Stages of Design设计阶段

The design process, as described in the previous section, is a thought module that can be applied over and over again in engineering practice. In the industrial environment, design is frequently accomplished through a progressive series of four operational stages. These stages carry the design through from inception to completion. Each of these stages involves a complete design cycle. The four stages are presented in Fig.1. Each of these stages is connected in series with the next so that the communications output of the first stage will provide a statement of need for the second stage and so on. The diagram also provides for the possibility of returning to a previous stage if the outcome of a particular stage suggests that this is prudent. A close inspection of Fig.1 shows that the stages are: “feasibility stage,” “preliminary stage,” “detail stage” and “revision stage.” The characteristics of each of these stages will now be discussed.设计过程中，在上一节所描述的，是一种思想，可以应用，并且再次在工程实践中的模块。在工业环境中，经常设计完成四个运营阶段通过一个渐进的系列。这些阶段进行设计，通过从开始到完成的。每个阶段都涉及到一个完整的设计周期。图1中的四个阶段。串联连接在每一个阶段的第一阶段的通信输出，以便与下一个语句的需要，在第二阶段将提供一个等。该图还提供返回到前一个阶段，如果一个特定阶段的结果表明，这是审慎的可能性。图1所示，仔细检查阶段是：“可行性研究阶段”，“初级阶段”，“细节阶段”和“修订阶段。”每个阶段的特点，现在可以讨论。

Stage 1: Feasibility stage-The first stage determines whether it is both possible and profitable to undertaker a given engineering project. For this reason, the need statement will often be phrased "to consider the desirability of …”or " to consider the economic feasibility of …”.第1阶段：可行性研究阶段，第一阶段决定是否有可能和盈利的承办一个给定的工程项目。出于这个原因，往往会需要声明的措辞“，考虑是否应...”或“...”要考虑经济上的可行性。

The ideas generated during this stage of the design process generally consist of general statements about overall concepts rather than specific descriptions of hardware. The models for this stage tend to be based on economic theories, market surveys, and the opinions of authorities. For this reason, people who are experts from disciplines other than engineering are often part of the design team during this stage. The output of this stage will generally be a recommendation either to proceed or to abandon the project.在这个阶段产生的想法在设计过程一般包括整体的概念，而不是具体描述硬件的一般性发言。这个阶段的模型往往是基于经济理论，市场调查，和当局的意见。出于这个原因，工程以外的其他学科的专家是谁的人往往是在这个阶段，设计团队的一部分。这个阶段的输出通常是一个建议，继续或放弃该项目。

Stage 2: Preliminary stage-The purpose of the preliminary stage is to make qualitative judgments about the types of components and resources to use in meeting the conceptual need identified by the feasibility study. The statement of need for this stage usually calls for the designer to select the kinds of components that will be used to make the process or product. The selection process involves studying the tradeoffs between alternative types of component hardware and raw materials. It is beyond the scope of this stage to select quantitative things such as dimensional size, critical geometry, color, weight, etc.第2阶段：初步阶段，初级阶段的目的是使符合概念的可行性研究需要确定类型的组件和资源使用的定性判断。这个阶段需要的表通常需要设计人员选择的元件种类，将用于使该过程或产品。选择过程中涉及研究其他类型的组件的硬件和原料之间的权衡。它是超越这个阶段的范围，选择量化的东西，如尺寸大小，关键的几何形状，颜色，重量等