最新机械专业英语试题及答案

课程机械工程专业英语课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）一、选择题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1. If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planar motion and the linkage may be described as a .A. planar motionB. planar linkageC. jointsD. slide2. Though frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems.A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw3. The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, gear, or bearing requirements.A. oftenB. mustC. wasD. is usually4. We will have to _____ to better and better solutions as we generate more information.A. repeat many timesB. iteratingC. iterateD. try ways5. If a product configuration is _______ specified and then examined to determine whether the performance requirements are met.A. finallyB. tentativelyC. temporaryD. have been6. Manufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.A. transformationB. processingC. processD. transforming7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.A. used most commonlyB. most popularC. the most commonly usedD. most powerful8. As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the _____ force regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.A. actionB. excitationC. outD. act9. Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.A. must be giving outB. should printed clearlyC. must be specifiedD. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ______ surfaces.A. envelopingB. matingC. outerD. outside11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.A. recrystallization…. corrosionB. recrystallization…degradationC. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary andserve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is(22) to a constant torque (producing a mean torsional stress) together with a completely reversedbending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism.Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed.考生注意：考试时间120 分钟试卷总分100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but moreoften such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are madeseparately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contactwith the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer,with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub intowhich the key fits are called keyways.16、A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete17、A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration22、A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time24、A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral25、A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D) terrible26、A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement27、A) high B) critical C) first D) important28、A) work B) idealization C) integral D) simplification29、A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine;electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astronauts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in today’s high technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited 订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main workC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from themessage who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following isNOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共5 页第2 页Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes:(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in asingle drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’sshape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?A) standard parts needn’t drawn as detailsB) for simple parts, sometimes needn’t to draw the detail working drawingC) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsD) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?A) BOM B) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?A) should not has different scalesB) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computermodels.C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?A) a set of law B) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message is ?A) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing’s character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawingC) In the design process, what should be considered?D) What is working drawing订线TEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotationand translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components alongthree axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共5 页第3 页四、英译汉（共20分）1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model ofa real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclicalapplications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, “exactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列句子译成英语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。