英语高考专题复习讲与练-阅读理解
阅读理解+七选五(基础篇)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(原卷版)(测试)
综合测试（基础篇）阅读理解+七选五时间：40分钟满分：50分姓名__________ 得分________阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AA Look at Four of the World-famous CollegesUniversity College London, England. United KingdomThis university was founded with the intent of opening education equally and to all. In 1878, University College London began admitting women using the same admission standards men were held to. The college was the first in the United Kingdom to accept students from any class or religion.Tuition (学费) for each student comes in at $31,000. This price does include fees for housing, food, travel expenses and insurance.University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AustraliaIt opened in 1853 and is known for its outstanding research and teaching programs. Research at the university in the 1970s led to a cochlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving more than 200,000 patients worldwide hearing.Parents of native students expect to pay $24,500 for the first term’s tuition and another $19,500 for room and board in residential housing.University of Cambridge, England, United KingdomRecords of the university reach back to 1209 when the area was an ancient Roman trading post, making it the second oldest university in the UK. Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with around 1,300 of those coming from 65 different countries.Tuition for the bachelor programs like engineering reaches $31,000.Sarah Lawrence College, New York, United StatesIt is known for a diverse student body coming from 53 different countries. The teacher/student ratio (比例) and personalized courses of study attract students from the United States and abroad.Undergraduates carrying 30 credits will pay $51,196 for tuition. The cost to attend Sarah Lawrence may seem prohibitive to many, but a degree from this honoured college can open many doors for graduates.1．When did University College London start to admit women on equal terms with men?A．In 1209.B．In1853.C．In 1878.D．In 1887.2．Which college developed a device to benefit people with hearing loss?A．University of Melbourne.B．Sarah Lawrence College.C．University of Cambridge.D．University College London.3．What do the last two colleges have in common?A．They just offer the bachelor programs.B．They feature the highest cost of board.C．They are located in the United Kingdom.D．They are favoured by international students.BJim found himself exhausted during a trip. When he came home, he went to see a doctor. “The reason I was tired, ” Jim says, “was that my kidneys (肾脏)were gone. ”Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis(透析) three days a week. A person of his age on dialysis usually lives only about four years. Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.Jim’s wife, nephew and four family friends offered but weren’t a match. Jim was so discouraged that he was even considering not attending a reunion of some Air Force buddies(铁哥们). But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadn’t seen in 50 years: Doug Coffman. The two had met when they both were learning Vietnamese before they went overseas.Doug, then 70, felt a strong bond with his band of brothers, even though he hadn’t seen some of them in decades. Their connection went beyond the battlefield in ways most soldiers never experience.Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was a time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim. Fortunately, series of testing revealed not only that Doug’s tissue type matched Jim’s but also that he had the kidneys of a 35-year-old.The transplant was a success. “It’s pretty miraculous to be able to take an organ out of one person’s body—a living organ—put it in another person’s body, and have it work, ” Doug says. “And there’s nothing finer than knowing I’ve helped another person live a better life. ”4．From this text we know that Kidney transplant is ________.A．Expensive B．dangerous C．a matter of luck D．an unwise choice5．How old was Jim when he went overseas?A．About 17.B．About 19.C．About 22.D．About 25.6．What can we infer from Doug’s words in the last paragraph?A．Doug is happy to donate a kidney to Jim.B．Jim is having a better life than Doug.C．The kidney transplant is very successful.D．Modern medical science is very advanced.7．What is the theme of this text?A．Good luck.B．An operation.C．Paying it forward.D．Good relationship.CWhat is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: weknow of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.8．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful9．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Shocked.B．Protected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.10．What can we learn from this passage?A．ALife holds the key to human future.B．ALife and AI share a common feature.C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife.D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution.11．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?DScientists and engineers are preparing for possible travel into interstellar (星际的) space, the area in between stars, in the distant future. A new report examines the possible problem of changes in language on long space trips. Two American researchers have explored one possible problem with such travel. They considered the possibility that changes in human language could develop overtime and lead to major communication problems with people on Earth.The language experts are professors Andrew McKenzie from the University of Kansas, and Jeffrey Punske of Southern Illinois University. The two recently published a paper, which considers very long trips necessary to reach interstellar space, estimated to be about 18 billion kilometers from Earth. It also examines the possibility of future colonization (殖民地的开拓) of distant stars.Languages naturally change as communities grow more isolated from each other, the researchers note in the paper. The long isolation of a community could lead to enough differences in language to make it impossible for community members back home to understand. “If you’re on this spaceship for 10 generations, new concepts and social issues will emerge, and people will create ways of talking about them,” McKenzie said in a statement. Such vocabulary would become specific to only that spaceship.“People on Earth might never know about these words, unless there’s a reason to tell them. And the further away you get, the less you’re going to talk to people back home,” McKenzie said. The researchers noted that in addition to new words being used, the language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other changes. For example, the sounds of different letters would likely change overtime, affecting not only individual words, but the whole “grammatical system”, the paper states.Major changes in word and sentence structure could also create systematic language barriers overtime, the researchers said. “Given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones,” McKenzie said. 12．What is the possible result of long space travel according to the research?A．It may bring about many language barriers.B．People may suffer from mental problems.C．It may change people’s living environment.D．People could communicate more easily on Earth. 13．What does the underlined word “isolation” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Connection.B．Distribution.C．Loneliness.D．Separation.14．What can we infer about the language used on spaceships from paragraph 4?A．It will form its own language system.B．It will replace the current language soon.C．It can be understood by people on Earth.D．It can be used to communicate with aliens.15．Why does the author mention McKenzie in the last paragraph?A．To present the way to create new languages.B．To explain the reason for language problems.C．To stress the inevitable trend of language changing.D．To show the importance of new grammatical systems.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Worried about the climate? 16 . Here are some examples to get you started.•Count the birds and the beesGet closer to nature by becoming a citizen scientist. You could be counting birds in your garden, butterflies, insects and flowers, or even reptiles and hedgehogs. 17 . It’s a fun group activity, and your data can help scientists better understand the impact of human behaviour on natural habitats.• 18Media headlines can be alarming when it comes to the climate and nature crisis or ignoring the issues completely. Hosting a local discussion can allow space for reflection, debate, ideas and collaboration (合作) to take action on global issues at a local level.•Set up a library of thingsInternet shopping has made it too easy to buy new stuff at the click of a button. 19 ? First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) your house，then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library of things can encourage local people to share everything from tools to instruments, cooking gadgets to toys.•Start a climate emergency centre20 . That’s why more and more climate emergency centres are popping up in derelict (废弃地) shops on high streets and in shopping centres. A climate emergency centre can be a space for events such as an exhibition on plastic waste or a workshop to learn how to make eco-cleaning products. It can also be a way to motivate more people to take action.A．Cooperate with your localsB．But where is it all going to end upC．Host a climate and nature discussionD．But how have we consumed the thingsE．The climate and nature crisis isn’t going awayF．There are lots of citizen science projects to take part inG．Small local actions with neighbors, local businesses and politicians can make a difference。
高考英语阅读理解专练_七选五_(一)
高考英语二轮专题复习专练：阅读理解专练七选五(一)A(安徽百所重点高中二模)All of us know that a balanced diet strengthens the immune system. 1 . The following strategies will help you to jumpstart healthy eating habits.Morning must-havesResearchers at Harvard Medical School discovered that people who took daily breakfast were a third less likely to become obese (肥胖的) than those who skipped this meal. To enjoy the most benefits, the researchers recommended eating whole-grain foods for breakfast as they are rich in fiber. 2 .Main meal wisdomIf you need to consume meat, choose fish instead of red meat. Studies have linked high consumption of red meat with cancers such as breast and colorectal cancer as well as heart disease mainly because red meat is very high in saturated (饱和的) fats.3 .Food preparation4 . As such, cooking methods such as steaming, baking, grilling, boiling or stir-frying are advised.5Some people like to eat a large meal after a hard day’s work. However, large meals late at night can cause indigestion that influences sleep. So it is a very good idea to have a low-calorie fiber drink just before leaving the office. It is also not a good idea to regularly have a late-night meal as this could overburden the digestive system. Remember, minor changes in our eating habits can lead to major changes in our health.A. Light nightsB. Fewer night snacksC. Fish, in contrast, contains more heart-healthy fatsD. Drinking bean milk supplies the body with plant proteinE. Experts always suggest preparing food with as little oil as possibleF. But most of us fail to obtain adequate nutrients (营养) due to our troubled lifestylesG. Fiber aids in stabilizing blood sugar, controlling appetite and keeping the heart healthy【解题导语】本文为说明文。
2024届高考二轮复习英语课件：阅读理解-新闻报道
(2023山东青岛一模) A six-year-old longing to keep a unicorn in her backyard figured she’d get the hard part out of the way first. Last November,Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request.“Dear LA County,I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one.Please send me a letter in response.”
“It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,” Mayeda wrote in the letter.“I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”
Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3
Using an algorithm (算法),the clinic calculates community service hours based on the price of the surgery.In Jensen’s case,the $12,000 operation equaled 560 hours of helping out at one of the local charitable organizations registered with the M25 Program.
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(解析)-网络的发展与问题(1)
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-网络的发展与问题（1）In a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people that know how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.On November 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research.The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human disease.“Do these constructs challenge our idea what it is to be human?” asked Martain Borow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14－member group looking into the disease.“It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized and research is able to fulfill its potential.”Using human materials in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers made with human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.”However, scientists say the technology of putting ever greater amounts of human genetic materials into animals is spreading quickly around the world, raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.“There is a whole raft of new scientific techniques that will make it not only easier but also more important to be able to do these cross－species experiments,” Borow said.Last year, there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human －animal embryos foe experiments.On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing －them－ were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to the research on cures for diseases.Borow said he and his colleagues did not want to see such arguments again and are acting now so that they can influence such debate rather than have to react to it. The experts will publish reports after the end of the study in which they give definitions for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. Scientists are concerned about＿.how to place human genes in animalshow far they should go with experiments on animals with human genesWhether such experiments will help cure human diseaseWhether to make such experiments legalThe purpose of the study launched by Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences is to －.search for new ways to fight human diseasestudy the effects of new drugsreact positively to an ongoing moral debatedraw the proper boundaries for scientistsThe underlined word “them”in the ninth paragraph refers to ＿.A. religious groupsB. scientistsC. cross－species experimentsD. human－animal embryos4. The text tells us about＿.A. the first time scientists have used human genetic material in animalsB. British laws to ban cross－species gene mixingC. a debate on the morality of some gene experimentsD. the clear guidelines that now exist for adding human genes to animal embryos ﹙出处：2012满分计划高考英语一轮复习模拟试卷三B﹚解析：1.选B. 逻辑推理题.根据文章第一段旳Scientists, the people that know how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morallyright or not.和第三段旳内容综合判断，科学家们关心旳是对植入人类基因旳动物进行实验是否符合伦理道德，即这样旳实验能够进行到什么程度，所以答案为B. 2. 选D. 细节判断题.从文中第三段旳its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human disease.可知，这个研究旳目旳在于让科学家认识这些实验能够进行到什么程度，为他们划定界限，所以选D. 3. 选A. 词义猜测提. 从第九段可知，辩论一方为religious groups，他们反对此类实验；而辩论旳另一方为Scientists，他们认为此类实验是必要旳.由此可知，Scientists反对旳是religious groups.选C. 主旨大意题.本文至始至终介绍旳是科学家将人类基因运用于动物进行实验后产生了一系列道德和伦理方面可行性旳辩论，C具有高度旳概括性和很强旳针对性，为正确答案.*************************************************************结束1．网络发展旳利与弊旳话题.2．青少年上网要注意旳事项和带来旳教育问题.3．网络隐私与安全问题.4. 网络发展给社会带来旳变革话题，例如知识产权保护等话题.5. 网络技术可以带来经济利益旳话题.6. 网上购物、网上银行等现代网络旳产物话题.·链接高考链接1.（2012四川卷）In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new S 60 million program, known as edX. "Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses," Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx. for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform."Fasten your seatbelts," Hockfield said.Other universities, including Stanford. Yale and Camegic-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit (fS^JA) organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided S30 million to start the program. They also plan lo use the cdX plalfonn to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.53. According to this text, edX is .A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWareB. a free computer program by MIT and HarvardC. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online coursesD. a free program online for universities worldwide54. What is said about online education in the text?A. Universities have been trying online courses.B. About 2,000 online courses have been offered.C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to cdX.55. The underlined part in the text probably means _______.A. Gel ready for the difficultiesB. Get ready for this educational changeC. Get prepared to complete the online coursesD. Gel prepared to make materials for the edX courses56. What can be said about MITx according to the text?A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.C. It is a standard to recognize online learners' achievement.D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.55.【答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题.根据全文旳整体理解，和本句旳表面意思：绑紧安全带，可以推断出在这里旳意思是：紧跟教育旳变化，不落伍.故答案Ｂ符合文意.链接2. 2010陕西卷When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. ①Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail ,I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail on e-mail for their Comployees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repay their networks. These computer problems raise production costs ofcompanies ,which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer.For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.57.What does the underlined word “correspondence”in the Paragraph 1 probablymean?A. messagesB. ideasC. connectionsD.programs58.According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications.B. More people in the world communicate by e-mail.C. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.59.According to Paragraph 3,who is the final victim of spam?A. The businessB. The advertiserC. The employeeD. The consumer60.What is the purpose of the text?A. To informB. To educateC. To persuadeD. To instruct【文章导读】随着网络信息技术旳发展，越来越多旳人们实用网络邮箱来传递信息，但现在垃圾邮件旳泛滥已经成为网络用户们深恶痛绝旳事情，人们呼吁立法来阻止垃圾邮件旳泛滥.57. A.词义猜测题.根据本文中旳e-mail一词以及endless series of advertisements 可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是：信件，垃圾邮件，由此可知本题选A. 58. D.推理判断题.由第二自然段中旳As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails.一句可知本题选D.59. D.推理判断题.根据本段旳最后一句可知本题选D.60. C.推理判断题.通读全文可知本文作者摆出了垃圾邮件旳危害，其目旳是说服立法人员尽快出台法律阻止垃圾邮件旳蔓延，故本题选C.·错题集57. 本题为词意猜测题目，出错率往往比较高，本题很多考生选择了D项，主要是因为他们看到了advertisements一词，认为既然是广告，就应该是栏目、节目等.实际他们没有意识到这里讲旳主要是e-mail，而e-mail主要是信息，也就是message.58. 本题很多同学从我们旳日常出发，选择了A项和B项，实际本题有比较准确旳意群来解决这个问题，但是很多同学没有去找，只是根据自己旳常识判断，因而选错.。
2023高考英语二轮复习 七选五阅读专题对点讲练 第2讲 七选五阅读的解题策略
第二讲 七选五阅读的解题策略
七选五阅读的解题策略 ◎七选五考什么
主旨大意 语篇结构
语篇衔接 手段
句际逻辑 关系
解题策略1：了解文章的主旨大意及语篇结构 文章的主旨大意：大标题、小标题、主题段、主旨句
解题策略1：了解文章的主旨大意及语篇结构 文章的语篇结构
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
解题策略3：把握句际的逻辑关系
3. 顺承/顺序关系：
(2013全国Ⅰ卷 )One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting.____74____The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments.
2. 并列关系
(2016全国Ⅱ卷) Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).____38____
2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)第03讲 词义猜测题(讲义)(解析版)
卷别
题号
2024
新高考I卷
28
新高考II卷
32
全国甲卷
26
浙江卷1月
24
2023
新高考I卷
29
新高考II卷
30
全国甲卷
24
全国乙卷
34
浙江卷1月
24、29
2022
新高考I卷
30
新高考II卷
24、30
全国甲卷
28
全国乙卷
29
考点一
知识点
分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.
【解析】划线词句前文“She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的a building block。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。考生容易脱离语境，只记得数词building之义，误选C项。
(英语)高考专题讲义【阅读理解(4)】
高考英语专题讲义【阅读理解（4）】◆推理判断题推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理, 推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。
旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。
这类试题包括有很多种, 但广东自主命题10年来, 主要考查了推断隐含意义、推断目标读者、推断写法意图、推断观点态度等, 其中重点是推断隐含意义。
这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断), suggest(暗示), imply(暗示)等词语。
[技巧点拨]解答这类题的一般步骤是：[经典例题]阅读下列文段，从题中所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
（2014新课标I）In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict,解析：用题干中的关键词law进行寻读，发现关键句是最后一段第一句后半部分but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years；理解字面意思：但是到这个时候，在这个州已十年未见大群的旅鸽了。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版) 专题突破练
中档题型高分练（五）阅读理解（C、D篇）+完形填空距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
I.阅读理解CCan a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detectingfaults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.B．Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.D．Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Personnel safety.B．Assistance from drones.C．Inspection and repair.D．Construction of infrastructure.3．What function is expected of the rail drones?A．To provide early warning.B．To make trains run automatically.C．To earn profits for the crews.D．To accelerate transportation.4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB．How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC．What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(解析)-科普知识与现代技术(1)
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（1）AyearagoAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hi swife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,a ndthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmeric answhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift—$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially，”saysDave. ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromth eHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000. ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm. ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theythr ivedon(喜欢)comparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore，checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparent scouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything，”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatch es’wishthattheirlegacy—alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents—shouldenrichthewholecommunity(社区)andlastforgenerationstocome. Neighborshelpingneighbors—thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.【出处：济南中学2018寒假练习】体裁：夹叙夹议话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献的夫妻。
(全国用)高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 10 说理议论社会文化应用
说理议论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事A(2017·四川乐山调研)When people around you agree with you，it improves your confidence and allows you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately，that comfort usually keeps you away from achieving more success in your career，especially when you are in a leader position.So it feels nice to have people agree，but you need some regular conflicts，that is to say，to have people raise different views so that you can dig out the deeper truth and avoid suffering from being too much on just one side.So do you often share your opinions on most subjects with people around you and encourage them to debate？If yes，set it as a tradition in your company or department.At first，it seems a challenge to create an environment where people are in free atmosphere to disagree and argue，but remember：from sharp conflicts come sound judgments，and from sound judgments come right decisions.That’s because most of the time you have to collect different opinions from different angles to help yourself identify your blind spots before you form the real brilliant ideas.However，effective debates do not require angry quarrels and embarrassments.So you need to set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities，boundaries and rewards.Rule No.1：The goal of debating is not to win over others but to get to the truth that will allow you and your staff to move faster and better.Rule No.2：Fierce debating with strong emotion hurts feelings and does harm to teamwork.So repeatedly remind your staff，best with smiles and humors，that this is friendly opinion sharing time for a common goal instead of a battle between two enemies trying with full efforts to beat the other one down to earth.Rule No.3：All those involved in the debates shall get rewards when the goals are reached，thus they know how much you appreciate their contributions.The more they feel appreciated，the more they’ll be willing to contribute their talents with full heart in the future.1．What happens when your staff all agree with you?A．It may improve your work effectively.B．It creates harmonious working atmosphere.C．You are likely to make more right decisions.D．You may have problems in career advancing.答案 D解析细节理解题。
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第1 页共13 页英语高考专题复习讲与练-阅读理解一、考点聚焦1、题型特点阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的能力。《中学英语教学大纲》规定，中学生应侧重培养阅读理解能力。阅读材料的选取原则为：（1）阅读量不少于1000个单词。近三年超过2000字篇数为5篇，读速要求为44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。（2）题材多样化，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、史地、经济、新闻报道乃至广告说明。（3）体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。2、试题要求（1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。（4）既理解某句、某段的意义也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。（5）能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。3、基本能力（1）能迅速看准每句的结构，抓住主句的主语、谓语、宾语。（2）有一定的词汇量和辨词能力。（3）能灵活运用所学语法知识，根据句中的某个词迅速断定真假、语态和时态等。（4）对英美文化背景知识有一定了解。（5）有良好的思维能力，能边看边加工所得到的信息，从而作出正确分析、判断和综合。（6）有平时大量阅读作基础，有一定的语感和相当的阅读速度。二、题型分析与解题策略
提要：高考英语试题中阅读理解占40分，是试卷中所占比例最大的一部分，阅读理解能力的高低；是能否取得英语好成绩的关键在。阅读理解的重要性已被广大英语教师和考生所共同认识。本文要主要讨论两个方面的问题：(1)了解高考阅读理解题型和出题方法；(2)熟悉高考英语阅读理解解题方法和技巧。关键词：阅读理解、题型分析、解题策略高考英语阅读理解题型的分值要占高考英语总分的40/150，是所有题型中占分比例最大的一道题，在阅读理解上是否得高分，是能否取得高考英语好成绩的关键。自1989年来，国家教委考试中心每年都在全国范围公布当年英语学科的《考试说明》，《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力：1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2、了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节；3、根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义；4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；5、根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申；6、正确领会作者的观点和态度。有鉴于此，本文将讨论高考英语阅读理解中针对以上情况设计的题型，帮助考生熟悉常见题型，掌握解题策略和技巧。一、主旨题——考分辨和提纲挈领的能力主旨题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一，测试阅读理解的基本能力；掌握所读材料的率是和大意。这种题型考查学生在语言水平上对文章的把握：能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲第2 页共13 页
挈领的能力。解答这类题可以运用如下方法：1、把握文章逻辑结构把握文章逻辑结构对于做主旨题很朋帮助，因为文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：1)时间顺序。按时间先后说明某一理论的发展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构的主题通常在首段或末段。
2)一般一般。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。3)具体一般。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。4)对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。5)分类。分类说明的各大项相加为主题。2、抓主题句主题句表达中心思想，其它句子均围绕它进行说明或议论。它在文章中的通常位置为第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等地方。所以阅读时对这些地方要特别关注。3、概括段落大意4、根据论述详略确定通常与主题有关的部分有较详尽的论述，而与主题关系不够密切的部分论述较简略。主旨题除了上述形式之外，还有如下变体：1、标题问标题的题也是一种主旨题，与主旨题的解题主法和技巧完全一样。二者的差别主要体现于选项的形式：主旨题的答案通常以一句话表示，而问标题的答案大多为一个名词词组。此外，标题必须反映文章的中心大意，而且只能反映文章的中心大意。这就要求选项的归纳范围要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一个细节，也不能将本文以外的内容概括于其中。2、写作目的写作目的与文章主题不同，但与它关系密切，所以也可以算作主旨题的一种变全体。二者的异同可以从下面的对比中看出：文章主旨问中心思想、文章大意，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，等于文章大意＋论述方法(或＋作者口吻)。文章大意可以根据前面所述的方法找到。至于论述方法，可以根据高考阅读理解的主体文章确定一些。advice…（建议，劝告) argue for(论证)，argue against(驳斥)(这两种答案仅适用于议论文体裁) convice…（说明) present…（阐述) propose…（建设) warn…（警告) 既然全文的写作目的与文章的主旨密切相关，那么段落的写作目的也与段落的大意密切相关，只有反映了段落大意的答案才是段落的写作目的。3、作者态度解作者态度(attitude)或语气(tone)题，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物(与主题有关)或某一具全事物的态度。表达作者态度——褒义、中性和贬义的手段主要有1)加入形容词定语；2)加入副词状语；3)特殊动词。英语中有些动词也表明说话者的正负态度，如：fail(未能)、ignore(忽视)、overestimate(估计过高)等动词表示一种负态度。由上可知，确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。第3 页共13 页
二、细节题——多种多样，细心对待所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题于针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题的表现形式多种多样，不妨总结如下：1、是非题出题形式：三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)：Which of the following is true except…？Which of the following is mentioned except…三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)：Which of the following is true? 解题方法：1)定位法根据题干或选项中的线索词回原文，找到相关句，与选项相比较确定答案。
2)固定思路这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系：
Which of the following mentioned except…Which of the following is not mentioned…？这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段，而且往往无列举标志词，如first，second，third等。做题时只需阅读有关段落，根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到的，为正确答案。2、例证题例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一，这类题的基本结构为The author provides in line…（或Paragraph…)an example in order to…意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。高考阅读理解文章如果是说明文和议论文，文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置，但不管如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句；此外，答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。3、其他形式的具体题1)定义定义可以分为两种：a.与主题有关的篇章定义，理解它有助于做主旨题。b.具体定义对中某个现象或术语加以定义，有时成为词义题的考试内容。2)年代与数字这个考点有几种出题方式，但不管以何种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。3)比较比较考点的表现形式主要有：a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构；b.表示绝对意义的字眼：first(第一)，least(最不)，uttermost(最)等；c.表示惟一性的词汇：only,unique等；阅读最最好能圈草表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇，便于做题对回原文定位。
4)原因第4 页共13 页
这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示：1)表示因果关系的名词：result,reason;2)表示因果关系的动词：result in(结果)，result from(由于，由)，base…on…（以……为基础)，be due to (由于)；3)表示因果关系的连词或介词：because,for,why;4)表示因果关系的副词；as a result,consequently等，阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。除了上述原文有因果关系提示词的显性原因考点之外，隐性原因(两个句子之间为因果关系，但无有关提示词)也是常见考点。不管是显性原因考点，还是隐性原因考点，原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。三、词义题——学会推断要做好这类题，首先必须熟练掌握中学英语教学大纲列出的约2000个词汇与一定数量的短文，这是最起码的要求。其次，掌握必要的做题技巧也很重要。不过词义题中所考单词的意义通常超出大纲，所以根据上下文推断词汇的能力在考试中显得尤其重要。这种能力可以通过下列几种方法加强：1、破解词汇本身的意义如何破解词本身的意义呢?方法之一是掌握构词法的基本知识。不仅平时可以用这个方法记忆大纲中的词汇，考试时也可以用这个方法推测词汇意义。假如对英语词汇中包含的前缀、后缀和词根的含义或功能比较了解，就能较准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。2、利用一下文线索除了以构词法破解词汇的意义以外，做词义题用得更多的方法是根据上下文所提供的线索词义。这里的上下文指该词所在的句子本身，也包括这个句子的上下句或更远的上下文。一般而言，上下文线索所提示的意义与所考词汇的关系要么为同义关系，要么为反义关系。假如二者为同义关系，那么所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的意思；假如二者为反义关系，所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的反义。3、利用语法和逻辑有时根据上下文提代的线索或者其他方法，仍然不能得到唯一答案，就可以利用语法和逻辑方面的规则来判断，符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案，反之则不是正确答案。4、指代题指代题作为词义题的一种，也是常见题型之一。解这类题，要注意代词批代总的原则——就近指代：代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，如上所述，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中；就数而言，单数代词指代单数名词，复数代词指代复数名词，例如：it 指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词)，也可指代一个句子；they指代复数名词主格；them指代复数名词宾格；one指代单可数名词等。除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外，逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准，也就是说，正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)上和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上而言都通顺。四、推理题——考识别能力推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。推理题的目的是考识别能力，并不涉及复杂的判断和推理。因此，其主要做法是：根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索找到原文的相关句，读懂后，比照选项，对相关句进行同义改写或综合概括的选项为正确答案。做题时要注意题干的语言形式，如According to the passage,——It can be inferred from the passage that——；It can be concluded from the passage that——等，虽然从表面上看是问有