英美文学选读
英美文学选读教学大纲-英美文学选读
英美文学选读教学大纲:英美文学选读“英美文学作品选读”教学大纲课程类别：专业根底必修课课程代码：BT6262总学时： 32 学分：2适用专业：英语专业先修课程：综合英语，英语泛读，英美概况一、课程的地位、性质和任务英美文学选读是桂林电子工业学院外语系文学科外语类英语专业〔本科〕的一门必修课。
目的在于通过学习该课程使学生对英美文学有一个概观理解。
同时初步培养学生对英美文学作品的鉴赏才能。
本课程用一学期完成，详细要求是：主要理解英美文学史上不同时期的重要作家极其代表作品；重点掌握作家的生平介绍，主要代表作品的篇名、内容梗概、主人公形象、作品风格流派及其在英美文学史上的地位与影响。
二、课程教学的根本要求要要求学生重点理解不同时期重要作家及其代表作，包括其生平年代、历史背景、代表作品篇名及评论赏析，并能答复相关一些问答题。
能就每位作家代表作品的篇名、主题思想、内容梗概、主人公形象及作品的风格流派、语言特色和在文学史上的地位与影响发表自己意见。
三、理论教学内容与学时分配1. 文学的根本概念〔2学时〕2. 文学根本理论教学〔4学时〕3、英国重要文学作品赏析〔10学时〕4、美国重要文学作品赏析〔8学时〕3. 学生课堂讨论，分析^p 作品〔8学时〕四、教学方法建议1．课前要求学生预习所选作家的介绍并阅读所选作品的篇章，老师在授课时进展重点讲解和介绍，并围绕要点进展提问，指导学生讨论、概述要点大意。
提倡师生互动的课堂场面，逐步培养学生分析^p 、鉴赏英语文学作品的才能。
2．每讲完一个作家的作品，老师应催促学生完成课后练习，落实形成性考核作业，以强化学习过程，稳固所学知识。
3．在学习该课程的同时，可举办有关专题讲座，或组织学生观看名著影片，还可让学生在网上查阅相关资料。
以扩大学生的视野。
五、考核方式及成绩构成考核方式：开卷考试，就某作品写一篇一千以上字的论文成绩评定：平时30％，期末考试70％六、考核方式及成绩构成使用教材：陶洁，英美文学选读，高等教育出版社，2022 参考书目：1、王守仁，英国文学选读，高等教育出版社，20222、刘炳善，英国文学简史，河南人民出版社，20003、常耀信，美国文学简史，南开大学出版社，1999。
如何学好《英美文学选读》
如何学好《英美文学选读》如何学好《英美文学选读》学好《英美文学选读》不单要有兴趣，还得有科学的学习方法。
好的方法能提高学习的效率，使你达到事半功倍的效果。
本人结合多年一线教学经验谈谈学好《英美文学选读》的几点看法。
一．结合大纲，总体把握。
正如我们所知，本教程由英国部分和美国部分组成共八章。
英国文学部分由古代文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、新古典时期文学、浪漫主义时期文学、维多利亚时期文学和现代文学组成。
美国文学部分由浪漫主义时期文学、现实主义文学和现代文学组成。
每章的学习应结合大纲的考核要求，对本章内容作总体归纳，有一个总体印象，临考前头脑中应有一个整体轮廓。
如每章有：本时期时间界定，文学形式，主要代表作家作品（每章分别由哪些作家组成，其代表作和作品中的主人公）及其文学特色等。
二．针对考点重点搜索。
鉴于本教程的知识结构，并结合历年考试题型，本书重要知识点包含：各时期的时间界定、代表作家与作品、作品主题、寓意等。
现将各章重要知识点搜索如下,供大家参考。
但从近几年考试题型看选读部分占很大的比例（选读中的重点语句请同学们结合精讲部分），至于考试题型及其命题趋势，我们在最后结合04年考题一块分析。
英国文学部分Ⅰ、古代文学：1．时间界定：Old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066.2．古代文学中诗歌分类：宗教诗和世俗诗：The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the religious group and the secular one. 3．主要代表作品：《贝奥武夫》A.性质：Beowulf, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.B.主题：The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage under a wise heroic struggles against the hostile forces of thenatural world under a wise and mighty leader. Ⅱ、中世纪文学：1、时间界定：From 1066 up to the mid-14th century.2、文学分类：民间通俗文学骑士浪漫诗A. Popular folk literature also occupies an important place in this period.B. Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.3、代表作家与作品：Chaucer and the Canterbury talesA．The father of English poetry.（Chaucer）B．The English Homer. （Chaucer）C．In Canterbury tales, Chaucer presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life(行业) . D．In Troilus and Criseyde, he gave the world what is virtually the first modern novel.Ⅲ、文艺复兴时期：1．时间界定：It refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.2．文艺复兴的理论基础：人文主义兴起。
自考答案英美文学选读试题
绝密★考试终止前全国2021年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
全数题目用英文作答。
选择题部份注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色笔迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 longA. 27B. 38D. 522. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the lastA. romancesB. dramasC. great poemsD. ballads3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower—classA. John MiltonB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. Jonathan Swift4. The work ra nked by many critics as William Wordswoth’s greatest work wasA. Lyrical BalladsB. The PreludeC. Poems in Two VolumesD. The Excursion5. The author of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling isA. Daniel DefoeB. Johathan SwiftC. Henry FieldingD. William Blake6. The works of ______ are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle —class women, particularly governess.*BA. Charlotte BronteB. . LawrenceC. Thomas HardyD. Jane Austen7. All of the following writings are created by William Wordsworth EXCEPTA. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. ”B. “Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Septemer 3, 1802. ”C. “The Solitary Reaper. ”D. “The Chimney Sweeper. ”8. The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift isA. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. A Modest ProposalD. Gulliver's Travels9 “If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”comes from Shelly’sA. “To a Skylark”B. “Adonais”C. “Ode to Liberty”D. “Ode to the West Wind”10. In Jane Austen' s first novel ______, she tells a story about two sisters and their loveA. Pride and PrejudiceB. Sense and SensibilityC. EmmaD. Persuasion11. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest ______ writers of the VictorianA. romanticB. modernistC. socialistD. critical realist12. Charlotte Bronte' s most autobiographical work, ______ is largely based on her experience inA. Jane EyreB. ShirleyC. VilletteD. The Professor13. William Wordsworth' s theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary people. The preface to the second edition of ______ acts as a manifesto for the new school and sets forth his own criticalA. Lyrical BalladsB. The PreludeC. Poems in Two VolumsD. The Excursion14. George Bernard Shaw' s play ______ established his position as the leading playwright of his time.*CA. Widowers’HousesB. Too True to Be GoodC. Mrs. Warren' s ProfessionD. Candida15. Eliot' s most important single poem ______, has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century EnglishA. The Hollow MenB. The Waste LandC. Prurrock and Other ObservationsD. Poems 1909-2516. D. ’s autobiographical novel, ______ shows the conflict between the earthy, coarse, energetic but often drunken father and the refined, strong — willed and up — climbingA. Sons and LoversB. The White PeacockC. The TrespasserD. The Rainbow17. “To be, or not to be — that is the question; /Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer./The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/ Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/And by opposing end them?” These words are fromA. King LearB. RomeoC. AntonioD. Hamlet18. John Milton’s last important work, ______ is the most powerful dramatic poem on the GreekA. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Lydidas19. The author of Moll Flanders and Captain Singleton isA. John MiltonB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. Jonathan Swift20. Drapier is the pseudonym ofA. Jonathan SwiftB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. William Blake21. One of Dickens' later works, ______ in which he presents a criticism of the governmental branches which run an indefinite procedure of management of affairs and keep the innocent in prison forA. Bleak HouseB. Little DorritC. Hard TimesD. A Tale of Two Cities22. In the second part of Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver told his experience inA. BrobdingnagB. LilliputC. Flying IslandD. Houyhnhnm23. Faulkner used the narrative techniques to construct his stories, which include ______ and mythological and biblicalA. symbolismB. free indirect speechC. contrastD. dialogue24. Ernest Hemingway, had been trying to demonstrate in his works an unvarying code, known as “______,” which is actually an attitude towardsA. facing the realityB. grace under pressureC. honesty with benevolenceD. security coming first25. The Blithedale Romance is a novel written by Hawthorne to reveal his own experience on the Brook Farm and his own methods as a ______A. naturalistB. imagistC. psychologicalD. feminist26. Theodore Dreiser' s focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the American financial tycoons in the late 19th century in his workA. The GeniusB. An American TragedyC. Dreiser Looks a t RussiaD. “Trilogy of Desire”27. Emily Dickinson frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and ______ to vivify some abstractA. imagesB. metaphorC. symbolsD. personification28. In his later works, Melville becomes more reconciled with the ______, in which he admits, one must live byA. womenB. world of manC. familyD. politicians29. Walt Whitman' s ______ has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention inA. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Leaves of GrassC. A Passage to IndiaD. Rip Van Winkle30. Mark Twain’s full literary career began to blossom in 1869 with a travel book ______, an account of American tourists inA. Innocents AbroadB. The Portrait of A LadyC. The Grapes of WrathD. The Great Gatsby31. With the development of the modern novel and the common acceptance of the ______ approach, Henry James' s importance, as well as his wide influence as a novelist and critic, has been all the moreA. deconstructionB. romanticC. FreudianD. analytic32. Emily Dickinson addresses the issues that concern the whole human beings in her poems, which include religion, death, ______, love, andA. immortalityB. wealthC. powerD. politics33. In Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser expressed his ______ pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moralA. romanticB. realisticC. naturalisticD. modernistic34. Profound ideas in Robert Frost's poems are delivered under the disguise ofA. the plain language and the simple formB. the vivid descriptionsC. metaphorsD. the complicated narration35. In ______ Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bullfight as a kind of microcosmicA. The Green Hills of AfricaB. Death in the AfternoonC. The Snows of KilimanjaroD. To Have and Have Not36 Of Faulkner’s literary works, four novels are masterpieces by any standards: The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom ! andA. Go Down, MosesB. The FableC. The Snows of KilimanjaroD. To Have and Have Not37. As Whitman saw it, ______ could play a vital part in the process of creating a newA. musicB. fictionC. poetryD. painting38. In many of Hawthorne' s stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, especially in his The house of the Seven Gables andA. Go Down, MosesB. The Scarlet LetterC. As I Lay DyingD. Song of Myself39. Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the ______ and the founder of psychologicalA. “stream-of-consciousness” novelsB. metaphysical poemsC. short storiesD. literary criticism40. Generally considered to be Henry James’s masterpiece, ______ incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a Europe an culturalA. The AmbassadorsB. Daisy MillerC. The AmericanD. The Portrait of A Lady非选择题部份注意事项：用黑色笔迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
英美文学选读名篇中英对照 赏析 简介
Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me;The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality.We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put awayMy labor, and my leisure too,For his civility.We passed the school, where children stroveAt recess, in the ring;We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.Or rather, he passed us;The dews grew quivering and chill,For only gossamer my gown,My tippet only tulle.We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground;The roof was scarcely visible,The cornice but a mound.Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each Feels shorter than the dayI first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity. 我无暇去会死亡爱米莉·伊丽莎白·狄更生我无暇去会死亡，死神便和善地接我前往，我只好放下劳作与闲暇，无法拒绝他的殷勤礼让。
我们一起坐上马车，还有永生陪伴身旁，我们驱车缓缓前行，他悠然自得不慌不忙。
我们经过校园，娱乐的孩子挤满操场，我们经过田野，麦穗张望，我们经过西沉的太阳。
英美文学作品选读教学大纲
英美文学作品选读教学大纲英美文学作品选读教学大纲引言英美文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，其作品不仅具有独特的艺术魅力，还能反映出英美文化的精髓。
为了帮助学生深入了解和欣赏英美文学作品，制定一份全面而有深度的选读教学大纲是非常必要的。
一、背景介绍首先，我们需要对英美文学的背景进行简要介绍。
英美文学的历史悠久，可以追溯到中世纪的史诗和传说。
从莎士比亚的戏剧到狄更斯的小说，再到现代的诗歌和戏剧，英美文学经历了多个时期和流派的发展，每个时期都有其独特的特点和价值。
二、选读目的与原则接下来，我们需要明确选读英美文学作品的目的和原则。
选读英美文学作品的目的是培养学生的文学素养和审美能力，帮助他们理解和欣赏文学作品的内涵和艺术形式。
在选读过程中，我们应该注重多样性和代表性，选择不同时期、不同流派和不同作者的作品，以展示英美文学的丰富性和多样性。
三、选读内容下面，我们将列举一些具有代表性的英美文学作品，供教学大纲参考。
1. 莎士比亚的戏剧莎士比亚是英国文学史上最重要的戏剧家之一，他的作品具有深刻的人物刻画和丰富的情节。
选读莎士比亚的戏剧，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，可以帮助学生理解戏剧的艺术形式和表现手法。
2. 狄更斯的小说狄更斯是19世纪英国文学的代表作家之一，他的小说描写了当时社会的不公和贫困人民的生活。
选读狄更斯的小说，如《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等，可以让学生深入了解19世纪英国社会的面貌和人性的复杂性。
3. 浪漫主义诗歌浪漫主义是英美文学史上重要的流派之一，其作品强调个人情感和对自然的热爱。
选读浪漫主义诗歌，如拜伦的《唐璜》、雪莱的《西风颂》等，可以帮助学生感受到浪漫主义诗歌的独特魅力和情感表达的力量。
4. 现代主义文学现代主义是20世纪英美文学的重要流派，其作品具有复杂的结构和思想。
选读现代主义文学，如乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》、福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等，可以让学生了解现代主义文学的创新性和思想深度。
(完整版)英美文学选读PPT
Class system Social prejudice Judging by appearance Morality/behavior Money/class Rich/poor Speech/dialect
1924 - A Passage to India
◦ attack on Colonialism
1971 - Maurice
◦ Homosexual theme
Propriety and Passion The beauty of human beings Woman’s position and independence Connection between nature and man Class snobbery
1803: began The Watsons (never finished) 1812: began Mansfield Park 1814 began Emma 1815- began Persuasion 1817- began Sanditon (never finished)
man’s primary role is to be the provider: work, propose an engagement for a wife, earn the family’s only income, make final decisions, physically and fiscally support and protect the
his astonishing way of constructing a novel
谈学好《英美文学选读》的看法
谈学好《英美文学选读》的看法众所周知，文学是语言的最高形式，同时又是文化的载体，要学好《英美文学选读》无疑要有点文化方面的知识。
在英语专业的课程设置中，《英语国家概况》、《欧洲文化入门》以及《英美文学选读》都属于知识类型的课程，而且相互关联。
一谈到这些课程，许多考生会产生“畏惧心理"和“厌烦心态”。
不过我们应调整一下心态，以好奇的眼光、强烈的求知欲来培养自己在文化知识和文学知识的兴趣。
以《欧洲文化入门》为背景、《英语国家概况》为前提，在《英美文学选读》的知识长河边漫步。
其间，你会见到斯堪的纳维亚的英雄贝尔武夫，英国的荷马。
再往前走，你又遇到将自己的灵魂出卖给魔鬼的浮士德，忧郁型的王子哈姆雷特和被上帝逐出伊甸园的亚当和夏娃。
再更上前一步你又碰见英帝国的缔造者鲁宾逊·克鲁索、历险英雄格列佛、还有弃儿汤姆·琼斯、雾都孤儿奥立弗·特维斯特，被社会摧残惨死的苔丝等。
美国有沉睡2O年的瑞普·凡·温克尔，有小伙子布朗，还有凶猛的白鲸和嘉莉妹妹等。
此时你会觉得自己面前有一群鲜活的人物，视野开阔了，浓厚的兴趣就油然而生。
有了兴趣还不够，还得有科学的学习方法。
好的方法能提高学习的效率，使你达到事半功倍的效果。
下面具体谈谈本人在学好《英美文学选读》的几点看法。
一．结合大纲，总体把握。
正如我们所知，本教程由英国部分和美国部分组成共八章。
英国文学部分由古代文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、新古典时期文学、浪漫主义时期文学、维多利亚时期文学和现代文学组成。
美国文学部分由浪漫主义时期文学、现实主义文学和现代文学组成。
在学每章时，应结合大纲的考核要求，对本章内容作总体归纳，有一个总体印象，并列出本章重点。
如每章有：本时期时间界定，文学形式，主要代表作家作品及其文学特色等。
二．针对考点，重点搜索。
鉴于本教程的知识结构，并结合历年考试题型，本书重要知识点包含：各时期的时间界定、代表作家与作品、作品主题、寓意等。
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点我觉得英美文学选读自考重点有不少值得一说的地方。
首先，我觉得最重要的是对不同时期文学流派的把握。
像浪漫主义时期，一定要理解它强调个人情感、对自然的热爱这些特点。
我之前就在这卡住了，以为只要记住几个代表作家就行，后来发现重点在于理解整个流派的创作风格和思想内核。
比如说济慈的诗歌，充满了对美好事物的细腻感受，这就是浪漫主义注重情感表达的体现。
一定要注意每个流派都不是孤立存在的，它们之间相互影响。
对于作家作品，这个特别关键。
不仅要知道故事梗概，更要了解作品背后的社会文化背景。
例如在学习狄更斯的小说时，我们知道他的作品很多是反映英国维多利亚时期的社会风貌。
如果不清楚当时英国贫富差距极大、阶级矛盾尖锐这些社会背景，就很难深入理解他作品里对穷苦人民的同情和对社会黑暗的揭露。
还有人物形象分析也是重点。
我思考过从不同角度去分析人物，像是从心理角度、社会角色角度等。
比如哈姆雷特，从心理角度去看，他的犹豫寡断不只是性格问题，还和他所处的复杂的宫廷环境以及伦理道德困境有关。
这一点容易被忽视，很多人单纯说他是优柔寡断的性格，但深入分析就发现有更多内涵。
语言特色也不容忽视。
有些作家的语言比较晦涩难懂，像乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》。
这时候就需要我们耐心去剖析句子结构和用词的特殊之处。
我之前对书中那些意识流的描写很头疼，后来发现重点在于先抓住一些反复出现的关键意象，再去理解句子就容易多了。
对了还有文学术语这个关键点。
像象征、隐喻这些术语，要清楚地知道它们在具体作品里是如何运用的。
以《了不起的盖茨比》为例，绿灯就是一个重要的象征，它象征着盖茨比对黛西的梦想和追求。
理解这些术语有助于我们更准确地解读作品。
作品中的主题也是关键的部分。
比如探讨人性、爱情、命运等主题。
像勃朗特姐妹的作品中就常常会涉及爱情与社会约束、女性地位等主题相关的内容，我们需要通过阅读作品总结出这些主题并且能够阐述清楚。
{精品}英美文学选读 复习资料 重点知识点
一、名词解释1. Meter:Meter is the measured arrangement of words in the poetry, the rhythmic pattern of a stanza, determined by the kind and number of lines. It’s the beat of the poem and meter is an organized way to arrange unstressed and stressed syllables. The length of lines is described by the number of repeated meters in the line.1 meter,2 dimeter,3 trimeter,4 tetrameter,5 pentameter,6 hexameter,7 heptameter,8 octameter2. Stressed pattern:The most common stressed pattern in English is the iamb, which consists of 2 syllables and the 2nd one of which is accented. Another common stressed pattern is trochee (also 2 syllables, but with the 1st accented).Iamb: unstressed/ stressedTrochee: stressed/ unstressedAnapest: unstressed/ unstressed/ stressedDactyl: stressed/ unstressed/ unstressed• A line with three iambic feet is known as iambic trimester.• A line with six dactylic feet is known as dactylic hexamete r.•Shakespeare is famous for his use of the iambic pentameter.3. Rhyme:Rhyme is when the endings of the words sound the same.4. Rhyme Scheme:Rhyme Scheme is the pattern of rhyming word at the end of each line.Not all poetry has rhyme scheme. Poems of more than one stanza often repeat the same rhyme scheme in each stanza.5. AlliterationAlliteration is the repetition of the same sounds or the same kinds of sound at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables. Modern alliteration is predominantly consonantal.6. Assonance: 谐音，类韵Assonance is the relatively close succession of the same or similar vowel sounds, but with different consonants and it’s a kind of vowel rhyme.7. Consonance:尾韵Consonance is the relatively close succession of the same end consonants with different vowel sounds and it’s a kind of consonant rhyme.8. Repetition:Repetition is the repeating of a sound, word, or phrase for emphasis.10. Meaning devices:Diction is the writer’s choice of words. The words that a writer chooses to use may carry both denotative and connotative meanings. Denotative is the explicit definition as listed in a dictionary, while connotative is the association or set of associations that a word usually brings to mind.11. Figurative language:Figurative language is any language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effects or f resh insights into an idea or a subject.Whenever you describe sth.by comparing it with sth. else, you’re using figurative language.•Simile:A simile is a figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared,often in a phrase introd uces by “like” or “as”.•Metaphor:A metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made betweentwo unlike things that actually have sth. important in common.•Symbol:Symbol is an image that comes to stand for sth. (often an idea) beyond itself. •Pun:A pun occurs when a word is used in such a way as to have more than one meaning and in this way. It’s a kind of instant metaphor.•Imagery:Imagery is an appeal to the senses. The poet describes sth. to help you see, hear, smell, taste or touch the topic of the poem. It’s similar to descriptive writing only in poetry form.•Personification:Personification is a figure of speech, which gives the qualities of a person to an animal, an object or an idea. It’s a comparison, which the author uses to show sth.in an entirely new light, to communicate a certain feeling or attitude towards it and to control the way a reader perceives it.•Paradox:Paradox is a statement that on the surface seems to contradict itself and doesn’t make sense, but that at another level expresses a truth.12. English Romanticism<1>. It prevailed in English during the period of 1798—1832. The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marked its beginning and the death of Water Scott in 1832 marked its ending.<2>. Highlights of English RomanticismImagination is the supreme faculty of the mindIdealization of Nature: that Nature never did betray the heart that loved herIndividualism: man is an individual in a solitary state; the exploration and evaluation of the inner self.13. Point of view:Point of view is the vantage point from which a story is told.<1>. The First Person Point of View:A character from the story is telling the story; uses pronouns “he”, “she”, “they”.In the first-person point of view, the narrator is a character in the story; knows and can tell only what he or she thinks and feels; may be reliable and trustworthy or may be an unreliable narrator.<2>. Types of Third-Person Point of View:Third-person limited: the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings on only ONEcharacter in a story.Third-person omniscient: the narrator knows the thoughts and feeling of ALL the characters in a story.•Third-Person-Limited Point of View:In Third-person-limited point of view, the narrator plays no part in the story; he knows and can tell what a single character is thinking and feeling.•Omniscient point of view:In the omniscient point of view, the all-knowing narrator plays no part in the story;knows and can tell what any character is thinking and feeling; knows what is happening in all of the story’s settings.14. SettingSetting generally provides the time and place of a story;Setting can also include the mood of the time period, situation and event;Setting can be the social, political, environmental or emotional climate;Setting can also include the emotional state of a character.15. CharacterThe term character refers to a person or an animal in a story, play or other literary work. Characterization is the way a writer reveals the personality of a character.•The protagonist is the main character in a story and the story often revolves around this character.•The antagonist is the force that or character who opposes the protagonist. •Minor characters are present, generally named and have a role that in some way was highlights the protagonist.16. ThemeTheme is the general idea or insight about life that a work of literature reveals.Theme is a main idea or strong message tied to life.Theme threads itself through a story, chapter or scene to make a point about life, society or human nature.Theme is typically implied rather than explicit. The reader has to think about it.Generally, there’s one major theme in a piece of literature. Add itional themes can often be found in a piece of literature.17. Parts of a plotPlot is the sequence of events that happen in a story. Plot provides a story with structure, like a map of a story.•Exposition: introduction; This usually occurs at the beginning of a short story.Here the characters are introduced. We also learn about the setting of the story.Most importantly, we are introduced to the main conflict (problem).•Rising action: events that occur as result of central conflictThis part of the story begins to develop the conflicts. A building of interest or suspense occurs and leads to the climax. Complication arises.•Climax: highest point of interest or suspense of a storyThis is the turning point of the story. Usually the main character comes face witha conflict. The main character will change in some way and this is themostintense moment.•Falling action: tension eases; events show the results of how the main character begins to resolve the conflict.It’s the action that follows the climax a nd ultimately leads to the resolution. •Resolution: the conclusion; all loose ends are tied up; the conflict is solved Either the character defeats the problem, learns to live with the problem or the problem defeats the character.18. ConflictConflict is a problem that must be solved; it’s an issue between the protagonist and antagonist forces. It forms the basis of the plot and conflict can be external or internal. External conflict: exists when a character struggles against some outside force such as another character, group, society, nature, fate or a nonhuman obstacle.E.g. <1>. Man vs. Man is the conflict of one person against another person.<2>. Man vs. Nature is the conflict a person encounters with the forces of nature, and shows how insignificant one person can be when compared to the cosmic scheme of things<3>. Man vs. Society is the conflict of a person/ people and the views of society. Prejudice/Racism is a good example.Internal conflict exits within the mind of a character who is torn between different courses of action. E.g. Man vs. Himself is internal conflict. It’s those conflicts an individual has with his conscience.19. Special Techniques used in a Story<1>. Suspense: excitement, tension, curiosity<2>. Foreshadowing: hint or clue about what will happen in story<3>. Flashback: interrupts the normal sequence of events to tell about something that happened in the past<4>. Symbolism: use of specific objects or images to represent ideas<5>. Personification: when you make a thing, idea or animal do something only humans do<6>. Surprise Ending: conclusion that reader does not expect二、文学作品节选承上启下a connecting link between the preceding and the following1. A Rose for Emily --- William FaulknerThe narration shifts in time frequently and gives out bits of information about the main character Miss Emily in such a way that the reader has to piece them together by himself.Para.1 It tells us who is the main character and who is telling the story. The author chooses “we”, the people of the town, as the collective narrator. “We” represents the gossip of the town, they are observers of the events. But this collective narrator does not know everything. None of “us” have benn inside Miss Emily’s house until her death.•So inevitably there are gaps in the narration that are bound to cause confusion on the part of the readers or the listener of the story. Thatleaves a lot of room for reader participation.Para. 2 This paragraph provides details about the setting of the story --- the place and the time. From the descriptions of the appearance of Miss Emily’s house we learn something about her family and her character, and from the visible changes on the streets over the years we get to know something about the historical and social changes that were taking place then.Part 2.In this part time is shifted back to thirty years before the visit of the deputation. Three things took place during this period of time. There was a bad smell coming from Miss Emily’s house. Two years before that her father dies, and Emily behaved rather strangely by refusing to let the townspeople bury him. A short time after that she had a sweetheart, whom the townspeople believed deserted her.2. A Tale of Two Cities --- Charles Dickensantithesis对照/对仗，anaphora首语重复法，repetition, juxtaposition并列，oxymoron 矛盾3.Romeo and Juliet --- William Shakespeare4.Persuasion --- Jane Austen三、诗歌欣赏1. A Red Red Rose --- Robert Burns①A Red Red Rose is a ballad that written by Robert Burns.②It consists of 4 quatrains (four-line stanzas), in iambic tetrameter in first andthird lines, and iambic trimetersecond and fourth lines. The rhyme scheme isabcb.③The poem focuses on the theme of love. A man professes his true love for hisbeloved girl.④In the first stanzathe author describes her pretty appearance and praise he finedisposition. And he addresses the young lady as bonnie in second stanzas. Hepledges his eternal and faithful love in the next 3 stanzas from 3 dimensions:Depth, length and distance.The man vows to love her however far he may go.⑤There are four main figurative languages used in the poetry.In the first place, the author compares his beloved girl to a red rose which has recently blossomed in June by using simile. And he compares her to melodywhich is the beauty lives on abstraction. Those make the poetry vivid and live.In the second place, he uses hyperbole in the sentence “Till a’ the seas gang dry” to show that all is possible.Furthermore, the author repeat the sentence “Till a’ the seas gang dry” to show the permanent love. The repetition not only emphasizes his love but alsoaddsome musicality to the poetry.In addition, the author uses symbol to expresses his faithful love. Rosesymbolizes passionate love, and rock symbolizes staunch love, sands symbolizeseternal love, seas symbolizes deep love.2.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud --- William Wordsworth①I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is a lyric poem written byWilliam Wordsworth.②This poem presents the deep feelings and emotions of the poet rather thantelling a story or presenting a witty observation.③It consists of 4 six-line stanzas, in iambic tetrameter and an ABABCC rhymescheme.④Figurative language:Using personification, the author compares the cloud to a lonely human.By using simile, there is the c omparison of the speaker’s solitariness to that of acloud.Alliteration: lonely as a cloud(line 1)⑤Diction&Tone：Diction can be assumed as indifferent or melancholy in the firsttwo lines. The speaker is comparing himself to a cloud that floats carelessly andyet feels distant or separated from the world beneath himBy the third line“when all at once I saw a crowd” the poem shifts into ablithe/joyful attitude, an interest towards the gorgeous scene which he describesand keeps throughout the poem.-Fluttering/dancing/shine/twinkle/sprightly/dance/glee/gay/jocund/wealth/bliss/ pleasure fills⑥Analysis ：In the first stanzas, Wordsworth describes the scene when we wanders “as lonely as a cloud”.He compares himself to a single cloud that is floating over the valleys and the hills.The speaker feels distant and seperated from the world below. The poet says thathe is like a cloud. That’s a simile.Then he sees a “crowd” of golden daffodils which are under the trees and beside alake and are “fluttering and dancing in the breeze”. He uses calm and soft words.In the second stanza, the speaker makes a connection with the daffodils and the stars. This stanza is still full of imagery. He compares the daffodils to the shiningstars that sparkle in the Milky Way as the number of daffodils are near the riverseem to be thousands in number.In the third stanza, he again compares the waves of the lake to the waves of daffodils. He decides that even though the lake is “sparkling”, the daffodils win because they have more “glee.” He felt so happy and expressed his feeling as gay in such a jocund company. He looked at the scene for a long time ,but while he was there, he couldn’t understand what he had gained from his experience. The repetition of “gaze” tells us that he kept looking at the flowers for a long time.In the last stanza, he describes how that scene affected him because whenever he is at home and on his own “in the bliss of solitude,” he remembers the flowers that fills him with pleasure and his heart “dances with the daffodils”. Again the use of words like “bliss” show his happiness each time the memory of tho se flowers and the way theydanced that day comes back to him.⑦This is a beautiful but simple poem about the beauty of nature and how inspiring it can be. This poem was written so that you can visualize and image how it would look in your perspective. In most of this poem, he gave the flowers a human quality, like dancing. There are rhyming words at the end of every alternate line of the poem giving it both continuity and a sense of rhythm.3.Break, Break, Break --- Alfred Tennyson①Break, Break, Break isa lyric poem thatwritten by Alfred Tennyson.②The poem contains four quatrains with combined iambic and anapestic. Mostlines have three feet and some four. The rhyme scheme is abcb.③This poem expresses Tennyson’s grief after his friend died, the preciousness ofyouth and indifference of nature. Namely, the world continues to be busy andbeautiful, but the happy moments of one’s life never stay.④Hallam died of a stroke in 1833 when he was only 22. Nature, of course, doesnot stop to mourn the loss of anyone. Cold and indifferent, it carries on, thewaves of the ocean breaking against rocks along the seashore without pausingeven for a moment. The rest of the world carries on as well: the fisherman's boyhappily playing with his sister, the sailor merrily singing, the ship busily plyingthe waters of commerce. Downcast, isolated by his grief, the narrator yearns totouch the hand of his friend once more, to hear the sound of his voice. But, no,Hallam is gone forever; his "tender grace" will never again return.⑤The author use repetition in the title and the first line to emphasizes that theocean waves are going to keep breaking.Apostrophe (Lines 1 and 2): The narrator addresses the sea.Personification and metaphor also occur in Lines 1 and 2, forthe poet regards the sea as a human being.Alliteration (Line 8): boat on the bay(Lines 9-12): Stanza 3 uses this figure of speech as follows:And the stately ships go onTo their haven under the hill;But O for the touch of a vanished hand,And the sound of a voice that is still!Alliteration (Line 15): day that is deadRepetend: Line 13 repeats Line 1; Line 7 repeats the first twowords of Line 5.Paradox: Touch of a vanished hand (Line 11), sound of a voicethat is still (Line 12).4.Because I Could Not Stop for Death --- Emily Dickinson①Because I Could Not Stop for Death is written by Emily Dickinson.②It consists of 6 four-line stanzas, in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter. Therhyme is not strict.③The poem focuses on the theme of death and immortality. The author’s puzzlingover death leading to ly, the arrival of death is not unpleasant.Death means eternity.④The author use simple and plain word to describe the world of living, and moresolemn and serious words to describe death and immortality.⑤In the first stanza is an angel of death, in the image of a kind person comes in acarriage for the sake of immortality and the poet. This stanza reveals Emily’s calm acceptable of death. Death is seen as kind and polite. The journey to her grave begins when death comes calling.In the second stanza, the drive symbolizes her physical leaving life. He drives her slowly, which could be an expression of his consideration for her. Having relinquished her labor and leisure for the ride, she gives death her respect a full attention.In the third stanza, using metaphor, Dickinson speaks about the different stages of her life. School and children at recess symbolizes her childhood. Gazing grain symbolizes her adulthood. The setting sun represents her final years and decent into death. And the atmosphere surrounding the ride begin to change when we see the setting sun.In fourth stanza, it is a shift that makes her getting closer to the death.In fifth stanza, she saw a house with small size, scarcely visible cornice in the ground, which was actually house of the death. The word “house” is used as a euphemism for a grave to indicate how comfortable she feels about death.In the last stanza, she finally realized that she had been dead and also she had already got eternity. The word “eternity” is the echo of the word “immortality ”in first stanza.⑥Tone: In the first place, the tone is light and pleasant, and then turns to serious.In final, it is meditative.5.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening --- Robert Frost①Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening iswritten by Robert Frost②It consists of 4 four-line stanzas, in iambic tetrameter andanAABA-BBCB-CCDC-DDDDrhyme scheme.③As a traveler, the poet is fascinated by the beautiful scene in the woods. He stopsto enjoy it, but his mind urges him to go on, because there is still a long way ahead of him, an unfinished duty waiting for him. This poem stresses a central conflict between man's enjoyment of natural beauty and his responsibility in society.④The first stanza tells us that the man is stopping in front of the woods owned byanother person in the village--the village and the owner can both represent human society. Only the man is watching the woods being filled up with snow.The woods and snow can both hint at natural occurrences.The second stanza says the location is far from civilization (farmhouse), light (darkest evening) and warmth (frozen lake) that even the horse would think the man is queer to stop there.In the third stanza, there is the climax of the whole poem. The man is woken up by his horse and steps out of fantasy but he finds himself in acontradiction between reality and fantasy.The last stanza reveals the woods’ attractiontowards the man as it is “lovely, dark and deep”. It also shows the man’s determination to break away from suchaesthetic temptation because he has to take on worldly burdens andresponsibilities (“promises”).⑥There are four main figurative languages used in the poetry.In the first place, the author uses personification in the sentences “My little horse must think it queer” and “to ask if there is some mistake”.In the second place, there is the alliteration in words “sound”and “sleep”, ”dark” and “deep”Furthermore, the author repeat the sentence “and miles to go before I sleep”. The superficial meaning is that there is still a long distance before thespeaker. But there is an implied meaning is that there are still numerousresponsibilities before the speaker’s life comes to an end. The repetition alsoadds some musicality to the poetry.In addition, the author uses images in many lines. For example, the woods symbolizes the mystery of nature; the temptations in our life. The snowsymbolizes something of purity. Village & He (the owner of thewoods)—Human world & societyPromises--The unavoidable responsibilities & obligationsMiles--Long distance; the heavy duty of lifeSleep--Rest during night; the end of life (death)I am on my way--The journey of life四、散文1.Letter to Lord Chesterfield --- Samuel JohnsonFebruary 7th, 1755My Lord,I have been lately informed, by the proprietor经营者ofthe World,that two Papers两篇文章, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the Public, were written by your Lordship阁下. To be so distinguished, is an honour受到如此破格的垂青，是一份荣耀, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the Great很不习惯来自大人物的褒奖, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge用什么话来表达感激之情.When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered深受感动, like the rest of Mankind其他人, by the enchantment of your address您富有魅力的言辞; and could not forbear to wish 奢望that I might boast夸口说myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre世界征服者的征服者, that I might obtain that regard 受到重视for which I saw the world contending争先，奋斗的; but I found my attendance拜访so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty谦逊would suffer me to continue it使我能够继续忍受下去. When I had once addressed your Lordship in public 当众向大人致意, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess我用尽了一个性情懒散，不善逢迎的书生所持有的所有手段以博取您欢心. I had done all that I could; and no Man is well pleased 高兴的to have his all neglected他的一切努力被忽视, be it ever so little无论多么微不足道.Seven years, My Lord, have now past已经过去七年了, since I waited in your outward Rooms, or was repulsed from your Door被拒之于门外; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties在困难中推进我的工作, of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of Publication快要出版了, without one Act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. 没有的到一点帮助，没有得到一句鼓励，没有看到一个笑脸支持Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a Patron before我不曾指望能有这样的待遇，因为我此前从未有权贵提携.The Shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a Native of the Rocks.维吉尔笔下的牧童最后终于和爱神相识，这才发现所谓爱神只不过是岩穴土人而已。
如何学习英美文学选读
要通过《英美文学选读》这门课考试，不是考前“冲刺”一类的短训能奏效的。
这门课难就难在它的阅读量很大，它包括英国和美国的诸多作家的诸多作品，而每一部作品就是一部书。
现行统一教材在作家和作品的选取方面尽管已经是精而又精了，但还是不得不采用节选的办法来压缩篇幅。
即便如此，为了更好地理解作品，考生还不得不在对整部作品了解的基础上，在教师指导下反复阅读节选，才能对节选部分的内容以及思想有较好的理解。
不过文学阅读也有规律可循。
下面的文字就“选读”课的性质、阅读时读取什么信息、现行试题各个部分的考查点是什么、如何回答简单论述题等问题，给考生一点提示，希望能对考生学习、复习《英美文学选读》课提供一些帮助。
第一部分《英美文学选读》课的性质一、《英美文学选读》课的重点是作品顾名思义，“英美文学选读”是有选择地阅读英美文学史上有影响作家的重要作品，熟知作品内容，了解大多数批评家和读者已经接受的对这些作品主题的表述，并能从作品中找到、列举出证明这些表述的细节。
这样的定义里有三个要注意的问题。
一是作品内容，二是作品里的细节，三是节作品主题。
三个同等重要，学习者不能只取其一。
以小说为例，所谓作品内容，是指情节(plot)、场景(setting)、人物(characters)、语气(tone)、以及语言(style)。
情节是指故事里所展示的事件和这些事件按作家意愿有序的安排，如事件发生的背景、事件中涉及的人物、事件本身(即冲突)、以及解决冲突的办法和结果。
情节就是故事；没有情节就没有故事；熟知情节是理解文学作品，特别是小说和戏剧的第一、也是不可缺少的一步。
不掌握故事情节，对作品进行深入分析就无从谈起。
有故事当然就有人，对人物的分析是对作品分析的核心。
语气是指作者在他／她刻画人物、安排情节、描写场景时所持的态度，而作者的态度直接影响我们对作品思想的理解。
作者要表达自己对人物、事件的态度，只有通过文字才能与读者交流，而不同的作家使用语言的风格(style)是不一样的。