奉贤区2012年中考一模

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上海市奉贤区中考数学一模试卷及答案.pdf

14．在高为 100 米的楼顶测得地面上某十字路口的俯角为，那么楼底到这十字路口的水平距离是▲ 米；(用含角的三角比的代数式表示)
15．在 RtΔABC 中，∠C=90º，tanA= 1 ，那么 cotB 的值为 ▲ ； 2
16．若⊙O 的一条弦长为 24，弦心距为 5，则⊙O 的直径长为 ▲ ；
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（1）若 SPAC 1 时，求 tan∠BPO 的值； S四边形ABOP 2
（2）设 PC x, AB y, 求 y 与 x 之间的函数解析式，并写出定义域； BC
（3）如图(2)，过点 A 作 BP 的垂线，垂足为点 H，交射线 ON 于点 Q，点 B、C 在射线 OM 和 ON 上运动时，探索线段 OQ 的长是否发生变化？若不发生变化，求出它的值。若发生变化，试用含 x 的代数式表示 OQ 的长．
（1）∵ l1 // l2
∴ AF AG ------------------------------------------------------------------（2 分） BF BC
∵ AF 2 AB ∴ AF 2 ∴ AG 2 ---------------------------------------------（2 分）
D
E 是 AC 的中点， DE 的延长线与 BC 的延长线交于点 F ．
E
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F
C
B
第 23 题
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（1）求证：△FDC∽△FBD；（2）求证： DF AC ．

上海市2012届中考一模数学试题-浦东

第5题图传送带A2米1:2浦东新区2011学年度第一学期期末质量抽测初三数学试卷（测试时间：100分钟，满分：150分）考生注意：1．本试卷含三个大题，共25题．答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效．2．除第一、二大题外，其余各题如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤．3.考试不使用计算器.一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．如果y x 23=(x 、y 均不为零)，那么y x :的值是（A ）23；（B ）32；（C ）52；（D ）53． 2．如图，在△ABC 中，∠ACB =90°，CD 是AB 边上的高，AD =4cm ，DB =1cm ，则CD 等于（A ）1.5cm ；（B ）2cm ；（C ）2.5cm ；（D ）3cm ．3. 在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别为AB 、AC 上的点，且DE ∥BC ， 2AD=BD ，a BC =，用向量a 表示向量DE 为（A ）a 32；（B ）a 32-；（C ）a 31；（D ）a 31-.4．在Rt △ABC 中，∠C =90°，∠B =2∠A ，那么cos A 的值等于（A ）23；（B ）33；（C ）21；（D ）3．5．如图，传送带和地面所成斜坡的坡度为1:2，它把物体从地面点A 处送到离地面2米高的B 处，则物体从A 到B 所经过的路程为（A ）4米；（B ）32米；（C ）5米；（D ）25米.6．如图为二次函数c bx ax y ++=2的图像，它与x 轴交于（-1,0）、（3,0）两点.在下列说法中：①0<ac ；②抛物线在直线x =2的左侧是下降的；③0>ab .其中正确的说法有（A ）0个；（B ）1个；（C ）2个；（D ）3个．第6题图DCBA第2题图二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7.计算：()()32223--- = ▲ ． 8．抛物线()2121+-=x y 的对称轴是直线 ▲ ． 9．两个相似三角形的面积比为1:2，则它们的相似比为 ▲ . 10．如图，BC 平分∠ABD ，AB =4，BD =9，若⊿ABC ∽⊿CBD ，则BC = ▲ ．11．在△ABC 中，D 是BC 的中点，设向量2,2==，用向量表示向量= ▲ ．12．如图，已知小明的身高（DE ）是1.5米，他在路灯下的影长（EC ）为1米，小明与灯杆的距离（BE ）为2米，则路灯距地面的高度（AB ）是 ▲ 米．13．如果抛物线()112+-+-=m x m y 的顶点坐标为（-1,2），那么它的开口方向 ▲ ．14．在Rt △ABC 中，∠C =90°，6,2==BC AC ，则∠B = ▲ ．15．如图，AB 是铁塔，CD 是测角仪，已知测角仪底部C 与铁塔底部B 的距离为m 米，为了测量铁塔的高度，用测角仪测得塔顶A 的仰角为α，已知测角仪的高CD 为h 米，则铁塔的高度AB = ▲ 米（结果用含h m 、、α的代数式表示）．16．在一个边长为2的正方形中挖去一个小正方形，使小正方形四周剩下部分的宽度均为x ，若剩下阴影部分的面积为y ，那么y 关于x 的函数解析式是 ▲ ．17．写出一个二次函数的解析式,使它的图像满足如下2个条件：（1）顶点在直线x y -=上；（2）不经过原点.那么这个二次函数的解析式可以是 ▲ ．18．抛物线12-=x y 通过左右平移得到抛物线C ，C 通过上下平移得到抛物线2182+-=x x y ,则抛物线C 的表达式为 ▲ .第12题图第10题图DCBA第15题图D第16题图三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．（本题满分10分）求值：︒-︒︒-︒45sin 45cot 45cos 60tan 2（结果保留根号）．20．（本题满分10分）已知抛物线32-+=bx x y 经过点A （2，5），顶点为B ,与y 轴相交于点C ．(1)求抛物线的表达式及顶点B 的坐标； (2)求△AOC 的面积.21．（本题满分10分）如图，甲乙两幢楼之间的距离CD 等于45米，现在要测乙楼的高BC ，（BC ⊥CD ），所选观察点A 在甲楼一窗口处，AD ∥BC ．从A 处测得乙楼顶端B 的仰角为45°，底部C 的俯角为30°，求乙楼的高度 (取7.13=，结果精确到1米) .22．（本题满分10分）如图，已知等边△ABC 的边长为8，点D 、P 、E 分别在边AC BC AB 、、上，BD =3,E 为AC 中点，当⊿BPD 与⊿PCE 相似时，求BP 的值.23．（本题满分12分，每小题6分）已知：如图，E 是□ABCD 的对角线AC 上一点，射线BE 与AD 交于点F ，与CD 的延长线交于点G ．（1）求证：EG EF BE 和是的比例中项；（2）若AF :FD=3:2,求GBCABFS S ∆∆的值．第23题图G FEDCBA第21题图乙甲45米B A30°45°EPDBA第22题图24．（本题满分12分，其中第（1）小题3分，第（2）小题4分，第（3）小题5分）如图，已知点A （1,0）、B （3,0）、C （0,1）. （1）若二次函数图像经过点A 、C 和点D （2，31）三点，求这个二次函数的解析式. （2）求∠ACB 的正切值．（3）若点E 在线段BC 上，且△ABE 与△ABC 相似，求出点E 的坐标.25．（本题满分14分，其中第（1）小题4分，第（2）小题5分，第（3）小题5分）已知：如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB=90°，点P 是边AB 上的一个动点，联结CP ，过点B 作BD ⊥CP ,垂足为点D .（1）如图1，当CP 经过△ABC 的重心时，求证:△BCD ∽△ABC .（2）如图2，若BC=2厘米，cot A=2, 点P 从点A 向点B 运动（不与点A 、B 重合），点P 的速度是5厘米/秒.设点P 运动的时间为t 秒, △BCD 的面积为S 平方厘米，求出S 关于t 的函数解析式，并写出它的定义域.（3）在第(2)小题的条件下,如果△PBC 是以CP 为腰的等腰三角形,求△BCD 的面积.C A P DB C AD BC A B第24题图浦东新区2011学年度第一学期期末质量抽测试卷初三数学参考答案及评分说明一、选择题：1．B ； 2． B ； 3．C ； 4．A ； 5．D ； 6．B ．二、填空题：7．32+； 8．x =-1； 9．1:2（或2:2）； 10.6； 11．+； 12．4.5； 13．向上； 14．︒30； 15．()αtan m h +； 16.()2224x y --=(或248x x y -=)；17．()222--=x y （答案不唯一）； 18．()142--=x y ．三、解答题： 19．解：()22-122-32=原式．…………………………………………………（4分）=2-22-3…………………………………………………………（2分）=()2222-3+……………………………………………………（2分）=22- ……………………………………………………………（2分）20．解：（1）将点A 的坐标代入32-+=bx x y ，得3245-+=b …………………………………………………（2分）解得 2=b ……………………………………………………………（1分） ∴所求二次函数的解析式为322-+=x x y ， …………………（1分）将322-+=x x y 化为()k m x a y ++=2形式，得()412-+=x a y .………………………………… （2分）故顶点B 的坐标为（-1，-4）. ……………………… （1分）（2）因为点A 的坐标为（2，5），所以点A 到y 轴的距离为2.………………（1分）又∵OC =3…………………………………………… （1分）. ∴32321=⨯⨯=∆AOC S …………………………… （1分） 21．解：从观察点A 作AE ⊥BC ，交BC 于点E ，依题意，可知 AE=CD =45（米），∠BAE =45°,∠EAC =30°.……… （3分）∵∠BAE =45°,∴Rt ⊿ABE 为等腰直角三角形.∴BE =AE =45（米）．………（2分）在Rt ⊿AEC 中，AEECEAC =∠tan ，得315334530tan 45tan =⨯=︒⨯=∠⋅=EAC AE EC （米）（3分）∴ 7131545≈+=+=EC BE BC （米）. … （2分）答：乙楼的高度约为71米. …………………… （1分）22．解：设BP =x ,则PC =8-x .因为∠DBP =∠ECP=60°…………………… （1分）E45°30°AB 45米甲乙第21题图①当CE PC BD BP =，即483xx -=时，△DBP ∽△PCE . 由483xx -=得724=x .…………………… （4分）②当PC CE BD BP =，即x x -=843时，△DBP ∽△PCE . 由xx -=843得6221==x x ，.…………………… （4分）因此，当⊿DBP 与⊿PCE 相似时，BP 的长为724或2或6. …… （1分）23．（1）证明：∵AF ∥BC ，∴△AEF ∽△BCE ，得ECAEBE EF =． ① …………………（2分） ∵AB ∥CG ，∴△ABE ∽△ECG ，得EGBEEC AE =． ② …………………（2分）由①、②得EGBE BE EF = 即 EG EF BE ⋅=2．所以EG EF BE 和是的比例中项.………………………（2分）（1）∵A B ∥CG ，∴∠ABF =∠G ．………………………………（1分）∵AF ∥BC ，∴∠AFB =∠FBC ． ……………………………（1分） ∴△ABF ∽△CGB ． …………………………………………（1分）又∵23=FD AF ，∴323+=+FD AF AF ，即53=BC AF . ……（1分）由相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方，得259532=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=∆∆GBC ABF S S .…………………………………………（2分） 24．解：（1）因为点C 的坐标为（0,1），所以可设抛物线表达式为12++=bx ax y ，将点A 、D的坐标分别代入，得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧++=-++=.12431,10b a b a 解之得 ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-==.34,31b a …………………………（2分）故所求解析式为：134312+-=x x y ； …………………………（1分）（2）解法一：过点B 作CA 垂线交CA 的延长线于点M ，易知R t ⊿AMB 为等腰直角三角形. 故有AM=MB . …………………………（1分）过点M 作MN ⊥x 轴，垂足为N ，则1===NB AN OA ，…………（1分）则R t ⊿OAC ≌R t ⊿NAM ，故有CA=AM=MB . …………………………（1分）故 21t a n==∠CM MB ACB .…………………………（1分）解法二：过点A 作AH ⊥BC ，垂足为H ，则AH BC OC AB ⋅=⋅2121，即 AH ⋅⨯=⨯⨯10211221………（1分）∴ ,102=AH ………………………（1分）()10410222222=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=-=AH AC CH ……………………（1分） ∴ 21104102tan ===∠CH AH ACB .………………………（1分）解法三：作△CAB 的中线CN ，………………………（1分） ∵CAB NAC AB AC AC AN ∠=∠==，22………………………（1分） ∴△NAC ∽△CAB . ………………………（1分） ∴ .21tan tan ==∠=∠ON OC CNO ACB ………………………（1分）（3）因为点A 、B 、C 的坐标分别为（1,0）、（3，0）、（0，1）.若 △ABE ∽△ABC ，则BC BE AB ⋅=2.…………………………（1分） ∵ ()1013,222=+==BC AB ,∴ =BE 1042=BC AB . …………………………（1分）解法一：过点E 作EF ⊥x 轴，垂足为F .则 52101104sin =⨯=∠⋅=EBF BE EF ，……（1分）56103104cos =⨯=∠⋅=EBF BE BF ，………（1分）所以 59563=-=-=BF OB OF . 点E 的坐标为（52,59）. ………（1分）解法二：因为直线BC 的解析式为：131+-=x y ，设点E 的坐标为（x ，131+-x ），则0<x <3，有 ()2221041313⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+-+-x x ………（1分）化简得 0189150252=+-x x ，解之得521,5921==x x （舍去） …………………………（1分）将59=x 代入131+-=x y 得y=52.得点E 的坐标为（52,59）；…………………………（1分）第24题图25.（1）∵CP 过重心，∴CP 为⊿ABC 的中线……………………（1分） ∴AP AB CP ==21. ∴∠A =∠ACP . ……………………（1分）又 ∵∠ACP +∠DCB=90°， ∠CBD +∠DCB=90°，∴∠CBD =∠A . 又∠BDC =∠ACB=90°, ……………………（1分） ∴△BCD ∽△ABC . ……………………（1分）（2）∵BC =2,cot A =2，∴AC =4. ……………………（1分） ∴过点P 作PE ⊥AC ，E 为垂足. 则 ,2,,5t AE t PE t AP ===()2224,24t t PC t EC -+=-=…………（1分）由∠PCE =∠CBD 得Rt △CPE ∽Rt △BCD.∴ 2⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=∆∆PC BC S S CPE BCD .……………………（1分）即 ()()222442421t t t t y -+=-，化简，得 ()20161654822<<+--=t t t t t y ……………………（1分+1分）（3）①当PC=PB 时，有()t t t 51022422-=-+，……………………（1分）解之，得 t =1.当t =1时，541611615141822=+⨯-⨯⨯-⨯=y （平方厘米）. ……………………（1分）② 当PC=BC 时，有()22422=-+t t ，……………………（1分）解之，得 2,5621==t t （不合题意，舍去）……………………（1分）当t =56时，252416561656556456822=+⨯-⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⨯⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯-⨯=y （平方厘米）. ……………………（1分）综上所述，当PC=PB 时，△BCD 的面积为54平方厘米;当PC=BC 时，△BCD 的面积为平方厘米2524.EDPCBA5t4-2t 2t t 2。

2024年上海市奉贤区中考一模数学试题(学生版+解析版)

2024年上海市奉贤区中考一模数学试题一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）l下列函数中是二次函数的是()A.y=2x+lB.y =—2xC.y=x 2 +22.将抛物线y=x 2向右平移3个单位长度得到的抛物线是（A. y=x 2+3B. y=x 2-3C. y =(x -3)2D.y＝启D.y=(x +3)23在Rt丛ABC 中，乙C=90气AC=S ，乙4=a ，那么BC 的长是（）A.St an aB. 5c ot aC. 5sin aD. Sc os a4如图，在心灶死中，点D、E 分别在AB、AC 的反向延长线上，已知AB =2AD,下列条件中能判定DEii BC 的是()EDBAC l DEl AC 2 A.—=－B.—=－C —= －AE2BC 2EC 3s.已知同＝5,例＝3'且b 与a 方向相反，下列各式正确的是（）3.3.5.5 A .b=::...aB. b=-::...aC. b=::...aD.b=-::...a5 5 336如图，将＂访C 绕点8顺时针旋转，使得点A 落在边AC 上，点A、C 的对应点分别为D、E ，边DE 交AE 2D.—=－EC 3BC 千点F,连接CE.下列两个三角形不一定相似的是(BCA.6BAD 与_BCEB.VBDF 与1:::,.ECFC.. DCF 与6.BEFD. 6DBF 与．DEB二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）x-y 7.如果x :y =5:3,那么——-=8计算3(2a+b)-4a=9已知抛物线y =(a-2)入3-x开口向上，那么a的取值范围是10已知抛物线y =-2x 2 +l在对称轴左侧部分是的．（填“上升”或“下降”)ll．如果P是线段AB的黄金分割点，AB=2cm,那么较长线段AP的长是12.某人顺着坡度为1:✓3的斜坡滑雪，下滑了120米，那么商度下降了一米．cm13如图，已知ADIi BEi/CF,它们依次交直线l 1千点A 、B、C，交直线l 2千点D 、E 、F,已知AB:AC=3:5, DF=lO,那么EF的长为14如图，已知6.ABC的周长为15,点E、F是边BC的三等分点，DEii AB, DF I I AC,那么心DEF 的周长是．ABc15如图，已知"ABC 在边长为1个单位的方格纸中，三角形的顶点在小正方形顶点位置，那么L.ABC 的正切值为．广六----，-勹,B[----';--7.y..－斗I --4AC石16在1.A BC中，乙4=45°'cos乙B =—-（乙B是锐角），BC=✓S ，那么AB的长为517如图是某幢房屋及其屋外遮阳篷，已知遮阳篷固定点A距离地面4米（即AB=4米），遮阳篷的宽度5AC为2.6米，遮阳篷与房屋墙壁的夹角a的余弦值为—，当太阳光与地面的夹角为60°时，遮阳篷在地13面上的阴影宽度BD 为米．18如图，在梯形ABCD 中，ADIi BC, BC=3AD,点E 是AB中点，如果点F在DC 上，线段EF 把梯形分成而积相等的两个部分，那么——=DF DC8A D三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）19.计算tan45° -l cot 30°-l l .2 s in 60°-2cos 60° 20已知抛物线y=x 2+bx+c 经过点A(3,0), B(O, -3).（］）求抛物线表达式并写出顶点坐标；(2)联结AB,与该抛物线的对称轴交千点P,求点P的坐标．2]如图，在ABC 中，G 是,ABC 的重心，联结AG 并延长交BC 千点D.AC(I)如果AB动，万它＝石，那么AD =（用向榄;、b 表示）；(2)已知AD=6,AC=8,点E 在边AC 上，且LAGE ＝乙C,求AE 的长．22.如图l，某小组通过实验探究凸透镜成像规律，他们依次在光具座上垂直放趾发光物箭头、凸透镜和光屏，并调整到合适的窝度．如图2,主光轴／垂直千凸透镜MN,且经过凸透镜光心O,将长度为8厘米的发光物箭头AB 进行移动，使物距oc 为32厘米，光线AO 、BO 传播方向不变，移动光屏，直到光屏上呈现一个消晰的像A'Ir,此时测得像距OD 为12.8厘米．4,｀＇I尤I＼片Pl(I)求像A'B'的长度．(2)已知光线AP平行千主光轴l，经过凸透镜MN折射后通过焦点F,求凸透镜焦距OF的长．l'&!l23如图，在J访C中，AB=AC,点D在边BC上，已知LAFD＝乙B,边DF交AC千点E.(I)求证：AF·CE=CD-FE:AB BC(2)连接AD，如果—-＝——，求证：AD2=AEAC.AF DF24在平面直角坐标系中，如果两条抛物线关千直线x=m对称，那么我们把一条抛物线称为另一条抛物线关千直线·x=I/1的镜像抛物线(I)如图，已知抛物线y=x2-2x顶点为A.yiXA＠求该抛物线关千y轴的镜像抛物线的表达式；I＠已知该抛物线关千直线x=rn的镜像抛物线的顶点为B,如果tanL.OB A=..:.（乙OBA是锐角），求m的4仙I(2)已知抛物线y=-:;-x2 +bx+ c(b >0) 顶点为C,它的一条镜像抛物线的顶点为D,这两条抛物线4的交点为E(2,l)．如果CDE是直角三角形，求该抛物线的表达式25在直角梯形ABCD中，ADIi BC,乙8=90°,AD=6, AB=4, BC> AD, LADC 平分线交边BC于点E,点F在线段DE上，射线CF与梯形ABCD的边相交千点G.4(l )如图1,如果点G 与A 重合，当tan 乙BCD ＝一时，求BE 的长；B二C3(2)如图2,如果点G 在边AD 上，联结BG,当DG =4,且YCGB cn VBAG 时，求sin 乙BCD 的值；B A穹三(3)当F 是D E 中点，且AG =l 时，求CD 的长．2024年上海市奉贤区中考一模数学试题一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）l下列函数中是二次函数的是(A. y=2x+l 【答案】C 【解析）B. y=—2xC.y=x2 +2D.y＝启【分析】木题考查了二次函数的定义，根据二次函数的定义逐项分析即可，熟练掌握其定义是解决此题的关键．【详解】A.y=2x+l是一次函数，故不符合题意：B.y=—是反比例函数，故不符合题意：2xC.y= x2 +2是二次函数，故符合题意：D. y＝石了不是二次函数，故不符合题意，故选：C.2.将抛物线y=x2向右平移3个单位长度得到的抛物线是（A. y= x2 +3【答案）C【解析】B. y=x2-3C. y =(x-3)2【分析】根据抛物线平移规律：上加下减，左加右减解答即可D.y=(x+3)2【详解】解：抛物线y= x2向右平移3个单位长度得到的抛物线是y=(x-3)2.故选：C【点睛】本题考查了二次函数图象的平移，理解乎移规律是解题的关键．3在Rt丛ABC中，乙C=90°,AC=S, LA=a,那么BC的长是（）A.Stana【答案】A【解析）B. ScotaC. SsinaD. Scosa【分析】木题考查了正切定义，正切等千对边比邻边，先画出图形，再根据正切三角函数的定义即可得．【详解】由题意，画出图形如下：AB C BC 则tan A =—一，即tan a ＝一—,AC 5 解得BC=5tana,故选：A .4如图，在心钮C 中，点D、E 分别在AB、AC 的反向延长线上，已知AB =2AD,下列条件中能判定DEii BC的是()E DBACl A—=－AE2【答案］C 【解析］【分析】木题考查了相似三角形的判定及性质，利用相似三角形的判定及性质逐一判断即可求解，熟练掌握DEl B —=－BC 22-3＝ AC -EC c AE 2D.—=－EC 3相似三角形的判定及性质是解题的关键．AB【详解】解：AB=2AD ,...—-=2,ADAC 1.... ABA、巾—=－，及—-＝2不能判定DEii BC,故不符合题意；AE 2AD DE IAB B、巾—-＝一，—－＝2不能判定DEii BC,则错误，故不符合题意；BC 2 AD AC 2 C、—=－,EC 3 AC 2 ·-=-=2,AE 1AB ·—=2,AD ：心EO公ABC,：．乙ADE＝乙ABC,:.DEii BC,故符合题意；AE 2 ABD、巾—=－、—=2不能判定DEii BC,故不符合题意EC 3 AD 故选：C5.已知忖＝5,树＝3,且E与；的方向相反，下列各式正确的是（）3-A . b =::...a【答案l B 【解析l【分析】本题考查了平面向见的线性运算由b与a的方向相反，且lal=S,I 叶＝3'可得b和a的关系．3 -B.b = －－aa 5-3＝ bcta 5-3＝ -b D 【详解】解：·:1111=5,I 叶＝3,. ·. I 叶＝3忆I,5... b与a的方向相反，�3-:.b=-::....a .故选：B .6如图，将.ABC 绕点B 顺时针旋转，使得点A 落在边AC 上，点A、C 的对应点分别为D、E,边D E 交BC千点F,连接CE.下列两个三角形不一定相似的是（B CA.6BAD 与.c.BCEB.VBDF与6.ECFC.DCF与6.BEFD. DBF 与...D邸【答案】D 【解析】【分析】本题考查相似三角形的判定、旋转性质、等腰三角形的性质，根据旋转的性质和相似三角形的判定逐项判断即可．熟练掌握相似三角形的判定是解答的关键．【详解】解：如图，BE由旋转性质得AB=BD, BC= B E, L.ABD＝乙CBE,乙4=乙BDE,乙4CB＝乙DEB AB BD BCBE:.,6.BAJ)v>心BCE,故选项A不符合题意；．：乙ABD＝乙CBE,AB=BD, BC=BE, :.丛＝丛DB =纽CE=纽EC ,：．乙BDF =乙BCF,又LDFB＝乙CFE,：．D:.BDFV>D:.ECF，故选项B 不符合题意；．：乙DCF＝乙FEB,又乙DFC＝乙BFE,:. e.DCF (/)t.BEF,故选项C 不符合题意；根据题意，无法证明DBF 与..DEB 相似，故选项D 符合题意，故选：D .二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）x-y 7.如果x:y=S :3,那么一一－＝【答案］23【解析］5【分析】根据x :y =5:3得到x =-:-Y,把它代入后而的式子求出比值．3 【详解】解：·:x: y =5:3, 5 :. 3x=5y ,即x ＝－ y ,35 -y-y :.江立＝3＝3.yy3故答案是：一．23【点睛】木题主要考查了比例的性质，解题的关键是掌握比例基本的性质．8.计算3(2a+b)-4a =【答案】2a+3h【解析】【分析】木题主要考查了平面向揽，利用平面向量的定义与运算性质解答即可，熟练掌握平面向量的运算性质是解题的关键．【详解】3(2a+E)-4a=6a+3b-4a=2a+3l1:故答案为：2a+3b.9.已知抛物线y=(a-2)入3_x开口向上，那么a的取值范围是【答案l a>2##2<a令【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了二次函数的性质，熟练掌握二次函数的性质是解题的关键．利用二次函数y= ax2 +bx+c的性质：a>o时，抛物线开口向上，列出不等式解答即可．【详解】解：？抛物线y=(a-2)x2-x开口向上，:. a-2>0,:. a>2.:. a的取值范围是：a>2.故答案为：a>2.10已知抛物线y=-2x2+]在对称轴左侧部分是的．（填“上升”或“下降”)【答案】上升【解析】【分析】本题考查了二次函数图象的性质，熟练掌握二次函数y=ax2 +k的性质是解答本题的关键．根据性质解答即可．【详解）解：·:y=-2x2+1, a=-2<0,:．抛物线升口向下．对称轴是直线y轴，．．在对称轴左侧部分是上升的．故答案为：上升．l l.如果P是线段AB的黄金分割点，AB=2cm,那么较长线段AP的长是【答案】(-1＋石）【解析J【分析】木题考查了黄金分割的定义，关键是明确黄金分割所涉及的线段的比根据黄金分割的定义解答．【详解】解：设AP=xcm,根据题意列方程得，X2=2(2-X),即x2+2x-4=0,解得X1=-1+✓5心2=－l－石（负值舍去）故答案为：（－l+..f.订12.某人顺着坡度为1:.f_诈筛斜坡滑雪，下滑了120米，那么商度下降了一米．【答案）60【解析）cm【分析】此题考查了解直角三角形的应用——坡度坡角问题，设垂直高度，表示出水平距离，利用勾股定理求解即可，解题的关键是掌握坡度坡角的定义．【详解】？坡度为l:✓3,．．．设高度下降了x(x>O)米，则水平前进了石x米，由勾股定理得：x2+(✓3x) 2+ 3x =120气解得：x=60,故答案为：60.13.如图，已知ADIi BEi/CF,它们依次交直线l1千点A、B、c.交直线l2千点D、E、F,已知AB:AC=3:5, DF=lO,那么EF的长为【答案】4【解析）【分析】木题考查的是平行线分线段成比例定理，根据平行线分线段成比例定理列出比例式，代入已知数据计算即可，灵活运用定理、找准对应关系是解题的关键．【详解】？AD I BE CF, AB: AC=3:5,AB DE 3＝＝－，AC DF 5·: DF=lO,DE 3=-,l0 5:. D E=6,:. EF=l0-6=4.故答案为：4.14如图，已知6.ABC的周长为15,点E、F是边BC的三等分点，DEii AB, DF II AC,那么丛DEF 的周长是．AB c【答案）5【解析）【分析】本题主要考查了相似三角形的判定与性质，平行线的性质，利用平行线的性质和相似三角形的判定与性质解答即可，熟练掌握相似三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键．【详解】解：？点E,F是边BC的三等分点，I:.EF =..:.B e.'."DE II AB, DF II AC,:．乙DEF＝乙B,. ·..• DEF C/)•ABC,．．七DEF 的周长：心FE＝乙C,E F I 凇C的周长＝—－＝-,B C 3:. DEF的周长＝－xl5=5.3故答案为： 5.l5．如图，已知乙ABC 在边长为1个单位的方格纸中，三角形的顶点在小正方形顶点位置，那么LABC 的正切值为广．十六.勹,B:: ，，， AC 【答案）－##0.5【解析）【分析】本题考查勾股定到及三角形函数的性质等知识点，构建合适的直角三角形即可解决问题，构造出合适的直角三角形是解题的关键．【详解】连接CD，如图所示，r····r····,....-,.B ， : ::····！ ,...,...,.1.] A C易得6.BCD是直角三角形，由勾股定理得，CD＝扩了F＝丘，在R t 矗BCD 中，BD＝卢＝2石，CD 扛1tan乙ABC =—=—=－．BD 2石2故答案为：一．I 16．在..ABC 中，石乙A=45°,cos乙B=—（乙B是锐角），【答案】3BC＝石，那么AB的长为．【解析）【分析】本题主要考查了解直角三角形，勾股定理，过点C作CD.L AB寸－/),先解Rt b.DBC得到BD=l，即可利用勾股定理求出CD=2,再解Rt七ADC求出AD=2,则AB=AD+BD=3.【详解】解：如图所示，过点C作CD上AB-=f D,在R心DBC中，cosB＝壁汇正，BC＝石，B C 5:. B D=l,:.CD=�=2•CD在R t1,.AD C中，tan A＝一—＝1,AD:. AD=2,:. AB=AD+BD=3,故答案为：3.ABD17如图是某幢房屋及其屋外遮阳篷，已知遮阳篷的固定点A距离地面4米（即AB=4米），遮阳篷的宽度5AC为2.6米，遮阳篷与房屋墙壁的夹角a的余弦值为—，当太阳光与地面的夹角为60°时，遮阳篷在地13面上的阴影宽度BD为米．【答案】(2.4－石）【解析）【分析】本题考查解直角三角形的应用，先作CF上AB千点F,作CE上BD,交BD的延长线千点E,然后根据锐角三角函数和勾股定理，可以求得BE和DE的值，从而可以求得BD的值．【详解】解：作CF上AB千点F,作C E.L BD，交BD的延长线千点E，如图，5 由已知可得，AC=2.6米，cosa=—,LAFC=9()气AB=4米，13:. AF= AC-cos a = 2.6x —= 1 13...CF=J AC 2 -AF 2 ＝五言＝2.4（米），BF=AB-AF = 4-1= 3（米），:.CE=BF=3米，CF=BE=2.4米，．乙CDE =60°,乙CED =90气:.DE= C E 3＝＝ tan60°石石:. BD= B E-DE= (2.4－和（米）故答案为：（2.4－打）18如图，在梯形ABCD 中，ADIi BC, BC=3AD,点E 是AB 中点，如果点F 在DC 上，线段EF 把梯形分成而积相等的两个部分，那么——=DF D CA DB3 【答案l .:..##0.754【解析】【分析】木题考查梯形，相似三角形的判定和性质，三角形的面积，关键是由三角形的面积公式得到CFM=3FN,证明VFDM戎FCN,即可求解连接AF ,BF,过F 作MN_j_BC交BC 于N,交AD 延长线千M,由ADIi BC,得到MN_j_AD,由点E 是AB 中点，得到屾FAE 的面积＝VFBE 的面积，由线段EF 把梯形分成面积相等的两个部分，得到6ADF 的面积＝心BCF 的面积，由三角形面积公式得到FM=3FN,由YFDMcnYFCN,得到FD MF DF 3 —=—=3,即可求出——=－.FC NF DC 4【详解】解：连接AF ,BF ,过F作MN..1BC交BC于N,交AD延长线千M,A D M...夕.--�·: ADIi BC,:.MN..1.AD,了点E是AB中点，:..,.FAE 的面积＝VFBE 的面积线段EF把梯形分成面积相等的两个部分，：．心AD F的面积＝纽CF的面积，.. -AD· FM =－BC·FN , 2 2·: BC=3AD,:. FM =3FN,·: DMIICN,:. V FDM戎FCN,FD MF :.—=—=3, FC NFDF 3 ·-=-DC 4故答案为：一．34 三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）19.计算即145°2 s in 60° -2cos 60°-lcot30°-ll.3-【答案）石2【解析）【分析】本题考查了实数的运算原式利用特殊角的三角函数值计算即可求出值，熟练掌握运算法则和特殊角的三角函数值是解本题的关键．【详解】tan45° 2si n 60°-2cos60°石l l -I石－112x 一－2x-2 2 ＝古－（石－I)＝罕－扣l3－石＝－ -!cot 30° -II 20.已知抛物线y= x 2 +bx+c 经过点A(3,0),B(0,-3)(1)求抛物线表达式并写出顶点坐标；(2)联结AB,与该抛物线的对称轴交千点P,求点P的坐标．【答案】（1)抛物线表达式为y =x2－2.x -3;顶点坐标为(1,--4)；(2)P (l ,-2)【解析J【分析】木题主要考查了二次函数的图象与性质，一次函数的图象与性质．(L)利用待定系数法和配方法解答即可；(2)利用待定系数法求得直线AB 的解析式，令x=l,求得Y 值，则结论可得．【小问l详解】解：抛物线y= x 2+bx+c 经过点A(3,0),B(0,-3), 9+3b =0{�::+c =O , b =-2 •{c =－3'＇．．．抛物线表达式为y="y =x " -2x -3;y = x 2 -2x -3= (x -1)2-4, ．抛物线的顶点坐标为(1,-4)；【小问2详解】解：设直线AB的解析式为y=kx+n,3k+n=0•{n= －3'{：：1-3直线AB的解析式为y=x-3. A B与该抛物线的对称轴交千点p,抛物线的对称轴为直线x=l,．．当x=l时，y=1-3=-2.:. P(I,-2).2]如图，在ABC中，G是乙ABC的重心，联结AG并延长交BC千点D.AC(I)如果AB=a,A C =b，那么AD=（用向量a、b表示）；(2)已知AD=6,AC=8,点E在边AC上，且L A GE＝乙C,求AE的长．1 I2 2【答案】(l)－a+－b(2)3;【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了平面向量，三角形的巫心，相似三角形的判定与性质，(l)利用平面向量的定义解答即可；(2)利用三角形的重心的定义和相似三角形的判定与性质解答即可．【小问l详解】解：AB=a,AC=b,:. BC=B A+AC=-a+b·G是ABC的重心，联结AG并延长交BC千点D,:.A D为心ABC的BC边上的中线，即点D为BC的中点，1 1 -l -.. B D =－B C =－－a ．十－b2 2 2 __ _ _ ＿ 1-l -l -i -:. AD=AB+BD=a-.:...a+.:...b=.:...a+.:...b 2 2 2 2故答案为： 1 l-a+－b .2 2【小问2详解】·G 是._ABC 的重心，2 2 . ·. AG = －AD = -x6=4.3 3·LAGE＝乙C,:._GAE c.n 1..CAD,AE AD :.-= AGAC AE 6 ．．＝－ 4 8:. A E =3乙GAE =LCAD,22如图］，某小组通过实验探究凸透镜成像的规律，他们依次在光具座上垂直放趾发光物箭头、凸透镜和光屏，并调整到合适的商度．如图2,主光轴l垂直千凸透镜MN,且经过凸透镜光心O,将长度为8匣米的发光物箭头AB进行移动，使物距oc 为32匣米，光线AO、BO传播方向不变，移动光屏，直到光屏上呈现一个清晰的像A'B',此时测得像距OD为12.8匣米．儿八牲广I(I)求像A'B'的长度，,.A[H2 (2)已知光线AP 平行干主光轴I'经过凸透镜MN 折射后通过焦点F,求凸透镜焦距OF 的长．【答案】(1)3.2厘米64 (2)—厘米．【解析l【分析】本题主要考查了相似三角形的应用，平行四边形的判定与性质等知识点，(I )利用相似三角形的判定与性质，通过证明丛OAB丑�O A'B'与6.0AC v>,OA'D 解答即可；(2)过点A'作A'E I OD交1\tlN于点E,利用平行四边形的判定与性质和相似三角形的判定与性质解答即可，熟练掌握相似三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键．【小问l详解】巾题意得：AB I MN I A'B', OC=32cm,OD=l2.8cm,AB=8cm,·: AB/I AB',:. LOAB-LOA'B',． AB OA..＝A,B OA'，·: AB/I AB',:. "OAC v>•QA'D,OA OCOA'OD. AB OCA'B'OD8 32A'B'12.8:. A'B'=3.2.占像A'B'的长度3.2厘米．【小问2详解】过点A'作A'E I OD交MN于点E,如图，｀＇I •';，·: A'E I OD, MN A'B',．．．四边形A'EOD为平行四边形，:. A'E=OD=l2.8cm,OE=A'D.同理：四边形ACOP为平行四边形，:. AP=0C=32cm,·: AP I CD, A'E I OD,:. AP J A'E,:.6AP沪ti.A'EO,PO AP 32 5=-=-=-,OE A'E 12.8 2PO 5＝－A'D 2·: MN j: A'B',:. �PQF cn�'DF,PO OF 5＝＝－，A'D DF 25 64:. OF=-=-OD=—（厘米）．7 7:．凸透镜焦距OF的长为—－厘米．723如图，在..ABC中，AB=AC,点D在边BC上，已知LAFD＝乙B,边DF交AC千点E.(1)求证：AFCE=CD·FE;AB BC(2)连接AD，如果—-＝——，求证：AD2 =AEAC.AF DF【答案】(l)见详解(2)见详解【解析】【分析】木题主要考查了等腰三角形的性质，相似三角形的判定与性质，熟练掌握相似三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键．(I)利用等腰三角形的性质和相似三角形的判定与性质解答即可；(2)利用相似三角形判定与性质解答即可．【小问l详解】证明：·:AB=AC,．．乙ABC＝乙ACB,·:乙AFD＝乙B,:.乙AFD＝乙ACB.：乙AEF＝乙DEC,：心AEF0立EC,AF FE :.-=— DC CE':.AF-CE=CD-FE;【小问2详解】AB BC ·:—=—乙AFD=乙B ，AF DF':.L:::,.ABC夕心AFD,．．．乙ACB=乙ADF,乙DAC＝乙EAD,. ·. µADC O µAED,AD AC :.-= AE AD':. AD 2 = AE·AC.24在平面直角坐标系中，如果两条抛物线关千直线x=m对称，那么我们把一条抛物线称为另一条抛物线关千直线x=m的镜像抛物线(I)如图，已知抛物线y=x 2-2x顶点为A.XA＠求该抛物线关千y轴的镜像抛物线的表达式；＠已知该抛物线关千直线x=m 的镜像抛物线的顶点为B,如果tan LOBA =.:.（乙OBA 是锐角），求m 的4值．(2)已知抛物线y=�x 2 +bx+c(b> 0)的顶点为C,它的一条镜像抛物线的顶点为D,这两条抛物线4的交点为E(2,l )．如果CDE 是直角三角形，求该抛物线的表达式3 5 【答案J Cl) (D y = x 2 + 2x ;@-－或－(2)y=�(x+2)2-34【解析】2 2【分析】Cl )＠由y=x 2 -2x=(x-1) -1，可得A(l,-1)，则该抛物线关千y 轴的镜像抛物线的顶点为A(-1,-1)，然后求镜像抛物线的表达式即可：＠当X=/11.在点A 左侧时，该抛物线关千直线X=m.的镜像抛物线的顶点为B(2m-l,-l)，如图1-l ，连接AB 交Y 轴于点E,则OE=I,由tan 乙OBA =－，可4得BE=-2m+l=4,计算求解即可；如图1-2,当x=m 在点A 右侧时，同理可得，2m-1=4,计算求解即可；(2)如图2,由题意知，若A CDE 是直角三角形，则"CDE 是等腰直角三角形，则EH =CH =DH,设EH=CH =DH= t,由£(2,1)，可得C(2-t,l -t)，即抛物线表达式为4 y=�(x-2+t)2 +1-t,将E(2,J )代入得，l ＝�(2-2+t)2+1-t,求出满足要求的t.进而可得抛物4线的表达式．【小问l详解】＠解：·:y=x 2-2x=(x-1}2-l, :. A(l,-1),．．．该抛物线关于y 轴的镜像抛物线的顶点为A(-1,-1),：．该抛物线关千y 轴的镜像抛物线的表达式为y=(x+Jf-1.即y=X 2 +2X;＠当x =m 在点A 左侧时，·: A(l,-1)，该抛物线关千直线x=m 的镜像抛物线的顶点为B,:. B(2m-l,-l),如图1-1,连接AB 交Y 轴千点E,则OE =l,vxx=m图1-1·: tan 乙OB A=.:....,1 4:. BE=-2m +l=4,3解得，m ＝－一；2如图1-2,当x=m在点A右侧时，I ，，，，， A x=m图1-2同理可得，2m-l =4,5解得，m ＝一；23.. 5 综上所述，m 的值为－－或－；2 2【小问2详解】解：如图2,y,图2由题意知，若CDE是直角三角形，则CDE是等腰直角三角形，则EH=CH=DH,设EH=CH=DH=t,·: E(2,1),:. C(2-t,1-t), :．抛物线的表达式为＝ y -(x-2+t)2+l -t ,4 将E (2,l )代入y =�(4 �(x -2+t)2+1-t 得，I =�(2-2+1/ +1-t ,4 解得，t=4或t=O （舍去），:．抛物线的表达式为1=) -（x+2)2 -3.4 【点睛】木题考查了二次函数解析式，轴对称的性质，等腰三角形的判定与性质，正切等知识，熟练掌握二次函数解析式，轴对称的性质，等腰三角形的判定与性质，正切是解题的关键．25在直角梯形ABCD 中，ADI/BC,乙B=90°,AD=6, AB=4, BC> AD,乙ADC 的平分线交边BC 于点E,点F在线段DE 上，射线CF 与梯形ABCD 的边相交千点G.4(I)如图I,如果点G 与A 重合，当tan乙BCD ＝一时，求BE 的长：勹三C (2)如图2,如果点G在边AD 上，联结BG,当DG=4，且VCGBcnVBAG 时，求sin 乙BCD 的值；B 三((3)当F 是D E 中点，且AG =l 时，求CD 的长【答案］（I) 4石(2)—(3)CD 的长为5或9＋寸7【解析】【分析】(I )过点D 作DH .L BC 千点H,利用且角梯形的性质，矩形的判定与性质求得DH,利用直角三角形的边角关系定理求得CH,利用勾股定理求得CD,利用角平分线的定义和平行线的性质得到CD=CE,则BE=BC-CE,(2)过点D作DM..LBC千点M,利用（I)结论，勾股定理和相似三角形的判定与性质求得BC,CM,再利用等腰直角三角形的判定与特殊角的三角函数值解答即可；(3)利用分类讨论的方法分两种情况讨论解答：＠当点G在AD上时，利用等腰三角形的三线合一的性质，全等三角形的判定与性质解答即可；＠当点G在AB上时，连接DG,GE,延长DG,CG交千点N,利用勾股定理求得BE，利用相似三角形的判定与性质求得AN,再利用全等三角形的判定与性质解答即可．【小问l详解】尸｀C·: A D Ii BC，乙B=90°,解：过点D作DH..L BC千点H，如图，:.乙BAD=90°,·:DH.LBC,:．四边形ABHD为矩形，:. DH= A B= 4, BH =AD= 6,4tan乙BCD=_:_,DH 4=-,CH 3:.CH =3,:.CD=�=S,QADII BC,．．．乙ADE=乙DEC,Q乙心E＝乙CDE,．．．乙CDE＝乙CED,:.CE=CD=S,:. BC=BH +CH =9,.·.BE= BC -CE= 9-5 =4:【小问2详解】过点D作DM..l BC千点M，如图，产三c由（1)知：AD=BM =6, DM =AB= 4, CD= C E,QDG=4,AD=6,:.AG=2,:.BG=�=2乔·: VCGB=VBAG,BG BC．．．乙BAG＝乙CGB=90°,—=—AG BG'2石BC· ·. ＝2 2石＇:.BC=lO,:.CM=BC-BM=4,:.DM=CM=4,: ..,.D MC为等腰直角三角形，．．．乙BCD＝乙CDM=45°,:.sin乙BCD=sin45°=—;【小问3详解】＠当点G在AD上时，如图，三c由（1)知：CD=C E,·: F是DE中点，:.CF..l DE,『DF G:F D；乙CDF在6DGF几DCF中，乙DF G＝乙DFC=90°．」氏F车DCF(ASA),:. DG =DC,QAG=l,A D=6,:.DG=5,:. C D=DG=5:＠当点G在AB上时，连接DG,GE,延长DG,CG交于点N,如图，A D人'-二二2..－．一．一一··一G I''、·．、·`｀、、、、`、E C由（1)知：CD=CE,·: F是D E中点，:.CF上DE,:.cc为DE的垂直平分线，:.GD=GE,:. G D2 =GE2,:. A G2 +A D2 = B G2 +BE2,:. 12 +62 =32 + B E2,:. BE=2打，·: ADIi BC,:. V A NGv>VBCG,AG ANBG B CI AN..-=3 BC在l::JJNF和"DCF中，{；：D F D F乙CDF,乙NFD＝乙CF D=90°:.,.DNF轧DCF(AAS),:. CD=ND,设CD=x,则BC=CE+ B E= x+ 2打，AN=DN -DA= CD-DA= x-6,1x-6-=.. 3-x+2打＇:. x=9＋打，:. CD=9＋打，综上，CD的长为5或9+.J了【点睛】木题主要考查了直角梯形的性质，平行线的性质，矩形的判定与性质，直角三角形的性质，直角三角形的边角关系定理，勾股定理，全等三角形的判定与性质，相似三角形的判定与性质，角平分线的定义，等腰三角形的判定与性质，过梯形的上底的一点作高线是解决此类问题常添加的辅助线．。

上海市奉贤区2012年高三一模英语试卷及答案

2011学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a reading room. B. At a bookstore.C. At a publishing house.D. In Prof. Jackson’s office.2. A. See a documentary. B. Watch television.C. Change the channel.D. Go to a movie.3. A. A size five and a half. B. A size six.C. A size seven.D. A size seven and a half.4. A. She can use his phone if she wants. B. There’s no charge for phone calls.C. His phone is out of order too.D. She can call him later.5. A. Amy didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B. Amy needs more training in making public speeches.C. The man didn’t think highly of Amy’s presentation.D The man can hardly understand Amy’s presentation.6. A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man hasn’t been to Austin before.C. The man doesn’t like Austin.D. The man has been to Austin before.7. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.8. A. The choice of courses. B. A day course.C. An evening course.D. Their work.9. A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B. It was not as easy as she had expected.C. It was as difficult as she had expected.D. It was interesting and easy to follow.10. A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice.C. She felt it took less time.D. She thought it was expensive.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Children who don’t like to go to school.B. Children who are slow in study.C. Children who watch too much television during the day.D. Children who spend part of each day alone.12. A. Tired. B. Frightened. C. Lonely. D. Free.13. A. Latchkey children enjoy having such a large amount of time alone.B. Latchkey children try to hide their feelings.C. Most parents don’t know the impact on the children when they leave them alone.D. Latchkey children often watch TV with their parents.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.You can increase your happiness levels by attending the class.B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we earn more.C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Paker are examples of those who are extremely rich butobviously unhappy.15. A. Always think highly of yourself.B. Compare yourself to famous persons.C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.D. Earn more than your bank account.16. A. Happiness is everything. B. Wealth is the foundation of happiness.C. Have fun at the Happiness Institute.D. Money doesn’t always mean happiness.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The large grassland, reaching out far away, seems extremely beautiful ______ the blue andclean skyA. amongB. betweenC. againstD. in26. How old you grow is a factor that you can influence, ______that is determined by yourlifestyle.A. whatB. oneC. somethingD. anything27. The more things a man is interested in, ______.A. the more he will have opportunities of happinessB. the more opportunities of happiness he will haveC. the more opportunities of happiness will he haveD. much more opportunities of happiness he will have28. I advise you to stay away from Maria. Although she is usually easy-going, she ______ be quiteannoying sometimes.A. canB. needC. mustD. should29. A study of ancient writings and evidence ______ that for the past 5000 years, cats have beenkept as pets.A. showB. showsC. showedD. had showed30. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ thathe could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized31. The young couple are trying to save as much money as possible ______ they can afford theflat by the end of this year.A. so thatB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case32. ______ global temperature rising, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun,Mexico last year.A. PreventedB. PreventingC. Having preventedD. To prevent33. —Mum, why do you keep staring at me? Have I done anything wrong?—You look stupid! The way you are dressed is ______ annoys me most.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what34. After graduation, he went on to do some of the most important scientific research ever______.A. being carried outB. carried outC. to be carried outD. was carried out35. In our daily life, we often come across occasion ______ we have to tell white lies to avoidhurting others.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where36. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but they ______ in the last five minutes.A. were beatingB. were beatenC. beatD. had been beaten37. If things are left ______ they are, the problems will never be settled, I’m afraid.A. howB. asC. whereD. what38. It has been proved that ______ vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against seriousillness in later life.A. eatB. to be eatingC. eatenD. eating39. Was it in October, 2010, if I may ask, ______ the new Shanghai-Hangzhou Express Railwaywas put into use?A. whichB. whenC. thatD. how40. The most important thing we must consider before carrying out the plan is ______ it ispossible for us to carry it on.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. thatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.According to the latest research in the United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to 41 . Professor Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University, has noticed the difference in the style of boy’s and girl’s conversations from an early age. She says that little girls’conversation is less 42 than boys’ and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to 43 status with their listeners.These differences continue into adult life, she says. In 44 conversations, men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in 45 amounts—although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, for woman, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy(亲切感). For men, private talking is a way to explore the power 46 of a relationship.Teaching is one job wh ere the differences between men’s and women’s ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence morepower in conversation. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing 47 and to encourage her student to join in.But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they 48 power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says, women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationship.Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual tendency in its 49 , otherwise male speech patterns would not arise at all.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We all laugh. We all hurt. We all make mistakes. We all dream, that’s life. It’s a journey. Please follow these rules to make the journey of your life a journey of joy!50 positive through the cold season could be your best 51 against getting ill, new study findings suggest.In an experiment that 52 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a 53 sunny characteristic were less likely to 54 ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help 55 the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness increasing immune(免疫的) function and subjective as in happy people being less 56 by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune 57 to the virus,” explained the lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may 58 their illness as being less severe.”Cohen and his colleagues had found in a 59 study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional tendency itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality tendency, health-consciousness and emotional “style”. Those who 60be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, 61 those who were often unhappy, tense and unfriendly had a negative style. The researchers gave them drops through their noses 62 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the 63 reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had, while the researchers collected 64 data, like daily mucus(黏液) production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes(鼻部的不适), happy people were less likely to develop a cold.50. A. Living B. Staying C. Pulling D. Surviving51. A. safeguard B.opportunity C. caution D. defense52. A. excluded B. explored C. exposed D. escaped53. A. generally B. commonly C. frequently D. perfectly54. A. change B. fall C. turn D. remain55. A. keep B. avoid C. deny D. remove56. A. suffered B. troubled C. disturbed D. hinted57. A. function B. ability C. response D. action58. A. think B. relate C. interpret D. translate59. A. formal B. current C. previous D. precious60. A. tended to B. opposed to C. used to D. stuck to61. A. while B. however C. what’s more D. therefore62. A. implying B. matching C. containing D. occupying63. A. patients B. adults C. volunteers D. researchers64. A. objective B. impressive C. positive D. effectiveSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I needed to buy a digital camera, one that was simply good at taking good snaps (快照), maybe occasionally for magazines. Being the cautious type, I fancied a reliable brand. So I went on the net, spent 15 minutes reading product reviews on good websites, wrote down the names of three top recommendations and headed for my nearest big friendly camera store. There in the cupboard was one of the cameras on my list. And it was on special offer. Oh joy! I pointed at it and asked an assistant, “Can I have one of those?”He looked perturbed (不安). “Do you want to try it first?” he said. It didn’t quite sound like a question. “Do I need to?” I replied,“There is nothing wrong with it?” This made him look a bit insulted and I started to feel bad. “No, no. But you should try it, ” he said encouragingly. “Compare it with the others. ”I looked across at the others: shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall, offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts, with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box. With so many models to choose from, it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y, always trying to take Z and possibly R into account at the same time. But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with: first, soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop, it would be worth half what I paid for it; and second, my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.But something in the human soul whispers that you can beat these traps by making the right choice, the clever choice, the wise choice. In the end, I agreed to try the model I had chosen. The assistant seemed a sincere man. So I let him take out of my chosen camera from cupboard, show how it took excellent pictures of my fellow shoppers and when he started to introduce the special features, I interrupted to ask whether I needed to buy a carry-case and a memory card as well.Why do we think that new options(选择) still offer us anything new? Perhaps it is because they offer an opportunity to avoid facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine.65. The shop assistant insisted that the writer should ________.A. try the camera to see if there was anything wrong with it.B. compare the camera he had chosen with the others.C. get more information about different companies.D. trust him and stop asking questions.66. What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?A. He should get a 50% discount.B. The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C. The quality of the camera was not good.D. The camera would soon fall in value.67. The writer decided to try the model he had chosen because he ________.A. knew very little about itB. didn’t trust the shop assistantC. wanted to make sure the one he chose would be the bestD. had a special interest in taking pictures of his fellow shoppers68. I t can be inferred from the passage that in the writer’s opinion, ________.A. people waste too much money on camerasB. cameras have become an important part of our daily lifeC. we don’t actually need so many choices when buying a productD. famous companies care more about profit than quality69. You can choose 12 months’ Airport Angel membership, if you________.A. deposit at least $60,000 within 90 days of account openingB. have qualified for the serviceC. deposit an equal amount of money within 90 daysD. open a Premier account on 30 April70. The advertisement is mainly aimed at________.A. people who want to do businessB. people who are over 34 years old and still singleC. people who have friends and relatives in foreign countriesD. people who have settled down abroad71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement?A. You must know the detailed information before opening an account.B. To make the best of your money, you are sure to open a premier account.C. To enjoy the service, you must surf the Internet.D. It is certain that you can deal with your banking in 24 hours.(C)On the west side of the island of Manhattan in New York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector of the Central African Republic’s Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, or recreated at, the Ame rican Museum of Natural History’s new hall of biodiversity(生物多样性). When the hall opens this May, visit ors will visit one of the world’s biggest and most accurate reproductions of one of nature’s most threatened creations.To bring the rainforest to New York, a team of nearly two dozen scientists—the largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibit—spent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documenting species; studying trees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. “This area has been explored very little”, says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundreds of butterflies, and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. The exhibition may even have produced a special prize—scientists suspect they have uncovered several new species.To give the forest a sense of realness, the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous video screen, sounds will come out from hidden speakers, and plans even call for forest smells. Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer. Computer modeling programmes plotted distances and special relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life. Plaster trees were made．Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall．Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forest, one of the exhibit’s cleverest recreations will seem real. Long tube lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balance remove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. The exhibit is proof to the hope that the world’s rainforests will never exist solely as a carefully preserved artifact.72. How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?A. It sent a large team of scientists there.B. It cooperated with many African scientists.C. It hired local people to collect mammals, etc.D. It sent cameramen to shoot videotapes.73. To give the forest a sense of realness, all the following are used EXCEPT that _______.A. hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest soundB. a huge video screen is put up on the back wallC. special equipment is employed to produce forest smellsD. the forest is surrounded by front and back walls74. What is the main theme of the last paragraph?A. The layout of the rainforest exhibition.B. The balance between animals and plants.C. The clever design of lighting.D. Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact.75. What is this passage mainly about?A. The history of the American Museum of Natural History.B. The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum.C. Visitors’ interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New York museum.D. Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.Last Tuesday, I came home from school hot, tired, and starving. I had been through a verytiring day, and all I wanted to do was eat. I opened the refrigerator door and searched forsomething eatable. Luckily, I chanced to find a piece of leftover pizza from the night before. I putit onto a plate and popped it into my microwave oven. Presto! In less than two minutes, my pizzaslice was ready for me to bite into. This modern-day invention, the microwave oven, should beconsidered one of the “wonders of the world ”because it is unbeatable as a food, money, andtime saver.77.As a food saver, a microwave oven is definitely hard to beat. Almost any kind of leftover canbe reheated in this type of oven, and used properly there is no worry of the food drying out. Forexample, spaghetti is a mess to try to reheat on top of the stove. It dries out terribly and will stickto the bottom and sides of a saucepan. The spaghetti will also scorch(烧焦) easily if one is notcareful. But with a microwave oven, this is a different story with a happier ending. The spaghettiwill remain saucy, will not stick, and will not scorch. The Italian food will be as good as it was the78.Another “wonder ”about the microwave oven is the money that it saves. Leftovers thatwould normally be thrown out can be saved and reheated. This saves food; thus, it saves money.79.Best of all, however, is the time that a microwave oven can save. As a general rule,microwave cooking takes one-third the time that a conventional oven does. Imagine what adelight this would be after a tiring day at work, school, or, better yet, shopping! For instance, tobake a medium-sized potato takes only eight to ten minutes in a microwave oven. So in the timeit would take to fry up a hamburger, one could have ahot baked potato to go with it. In addition to speedy cooking, a microwave is wonderful for defrosting (解冻) meat. On low power this oven can defrost any kind of meat in less than fifteen80.Indeed, microwave ovens should be considered one of the modern wonders of the world. I know that it was a wonder for me last Tuesday. That slice of day-old pizza made me feel like a new man!Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat –a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one o f Johnson’s colleagues.Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first design ed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good un less they ate more and more.Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.82. According to the scientists, the reason why rats wanted to eat more and more junk food wasthat ___________________.83. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?84. What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?第Ⅱ卷（共45分）Ⅰ. Translation（20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.我们最好天天锻炼身体。

2023年上海市奉贤区中考一模英语试题(原卷版)

2023年上海市奉贤区中考英语一模试卷一、Listening Comprehension（听力理解）（本大题共20题,共25分）（1）________（2）________（3）________（4）________（5）_________二、Listen to the dialogues and choose the best answer to each question your hear（根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案）（5分）2.A.In a library. B.In a zoo. C.At school. D.In a bookstore.3.A.By bus. B.On foot. C.By taxi. D.By underground.4.A.Rainy. B.Cloudy. C.Sunny. D.Windy.5.A.The Mid﹣Autumn Festival. B.The Spring Festival.C.The Dragon Boat Festival. D.The Lantern Festival.6.A.He is finding the way to the nearest hospital. B.He is chatting with her friends.C.He is looking for something on the street.D.He is asking the way to the nearest bank.三、Listen to the passige and tell whether the following statements are true or false判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容,符合的用“T“表示,不符合的用“F”表示）（5分）7.（1）An80﹣year﹣old couple bad problems with their memory.（2）They went to their doctor to get some medicine.（3）The doctor told them that there was nothing wrong with their bodies but they needed to make notes to help them remember things.（4）The wife wanted her husband to get a bowl of strawberries with ice cream on top.（5）Neither of the couple remembered what they wanted from the kitchen.四、Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences（听对话,用听到的单词完成下列句子。

2023上海奉贤区中考初三一模英语试题及答案

2012年上海各区县高三英语一模---单线选择、翻译大全(含答案)

Part 1：2012年上海各区县高三英语一模---单线选择大全1奉贤区：25. The large grassland, reaching out far away, seems extremely beautiful _____ the blue and clean skyA. amongB. betweenC. againstD. in26. How old you grow is a factor that you can influence, _____ that is determined by your lifestyle.A. whatB. oneC. somethingD. anything27. The more things a man is interested in, _____.A. the more he will have opportunities of happinessB. the more opportunities of happiness he will haveC. the more opportunities of happiness will he haveD. much more opportunities of happiness he will have28. I advise you to stay away from Maria. Although she is usually easy-going, she _____ be quite annoying sometimes.A. canB. needC. mustD. should29. A study of ancient writings and evidence _____ that for the past 5000 years, cats have been kept as pets.A. showB. showsC. showedD. had showed30. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _____ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized31. The young couple are trying to save as much money as possible _____ they can afford the flat by the end of this year.A. so thatB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case32. _____ global temperature rising, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun, Mexico last year.A. PreventedB. PreventingC. Having preventedD. To prevent33. —Mum, why do you keep staring at me? Have I done anything wrong? —You look stupid! The way you are dressed is _____ annoys me most.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what34. After graduation, he went on to do some of the most important scientific research ever _____.A. being carried outB. carried outC. to be carried outD. was carried out35. In our daily life, we often come across occasion _____ we have to tell white lies to avoid hurting others.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where36. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but they _____ in the last five minutes.A. were beatingB. were beatenC. beatD. had been beaten37. If things are left _____ they are, the problems will never be settled, I’m afraid.A. howB. asC. whereD. what38. It has been proved that _____ vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.A. eatB. to be eatingC. eatenD. eating39. Was it in October, 2010, if I may ask, _____ the new Shanghai-Hangzhou Express Railway was put into use?A. whichB. whenC. thatD. how40. The most important thing we must consider before carrying out the plan is _____ it is possible for us to carry it on.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that2虹口区：25. You will see what great benefit the computers you own can be _____ every time we use them.A. atB. ofC. forD. on26. The hungry children care so little about their meals that _____ will do so long as the food fills their stomachs.A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something27. _____ all night in such cold weather caused her to suffer from a high fever and terrible cough.A. Betty’s workingB. Betty to workC. Betty workedD. Betty working28. Our parents and teachers often tell us that we _____ be careful enough no matter what we do.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. needn’t29. As is reported, women with demanding jobs are almost _____ to suffer a heart attack.A. twice likely asB. as likely twiceC. likely twice asD. twice as likely30. Since 1953 _____ people all over the world have succeeded in climbing the Himalayas.A. hundred ofB. several hundredsC. several hundreds ofD. several hundred31. He _____ as a mechanic for 10 years but now he turns businessman investing in the stock market.A. has workedB. had workedC. workedD. was working32. I have tried everything I can _____ him to stay, but without success, so I wish him good luck.A. persuadeB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade33. Jackson knew he would surely get _____ if he went to work late again.A. shouting atB. shouted atC. to shout atD. to be shouted at34. Over the Huangpu River _____ four grand bridges in Shanghai so far.A. have been builtB. have builtC. has been builtD. built35. Mankind must have in mind that it will be years, even centuries, _____ the environment recovers from the damage he makes to it.A. thatB. beforeC. whenD. since36. Is it the fact _____ he hasn’t turned in hi s research report?A. whetherB. thatC. whichD. why37. The new CRH train between Beijing and Shanghai _____ speed has been limited to 300 km/h focuses more on the safety of the passengers.A. whoseB. whereC. thatD. which38. _____ is known to us all is that the 30th Olympic Games will take place in 2012 in London.A. AsB. WhichC. ItD. What39. _____ cell phones bring convenience to us in our daily life, they have also caused many social problems.A. BecauseB. WhetherC. WhileD. As40. The problem of carbon emissions _____ in society now has aroused the public’s wide concernagain.A. to be discussedB. being discussedC. having discussedD. having been discussed3黄浦区：25. You answered every question properly, and you were totally qualified _____ this job.A. forB. ofC. toD. with26. Mom is like a sister with whom I often share the funny things in my school, and she shares _____ with me as well.A. itsB. hersC. mineD. theirs27. The financial support you provided helped him, but the emotional support helped _____.A. much moreB. more muchC. much mostD. most much28. —The telephone line to the headmaster is always busy. —Someone _____ the telephone.A. need useB. should have usedC. must be usingD. must use29. —John, I hear you don’t work for IBM any more.—Yes, I _____ a better job in Microsoft.A. offeredB. was offeringC. have been offeredD. offer30. Your job is to make my work easier, _____ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not to makingD. not making31. _____ an answer from her father, she had to turn to the Internet for the answer.A. ReceivingB. To receiveC. Not having receivedD. Not being received32. The term “culture” reall y means _____ you believe to be normal. This includes anything from the food you eat to the expectations you have in life.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. why33. Evidence _____ basic research skills are on the decline demonstrates that the Internet has a negative side.A. whyB. thatC. howD. if34. Only after my friend came yesterday afternoon _____.A. did the computer repairB. he repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired35. It was evening _____ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. tillB. thatC. sinceD. before36. Many people of non-Chinese background are enrolled in universities on courses _____ for foreigners to learn Chinese.A. designingB. designedC. to designingD. design37. If your typical text costs $100 for a new edition, used _____ $75, an e-book $55, and a rental $45.A. costsB. costC. will costD. have cost38. _____ kids are spending an hour and a half at a sports practice, most aren’t getting all the activity they need for the day.A. As long asB. WhenC. BecauseD. Even if39. Are you worried about _____ by groups of unfamiliar people from foreign countries?A. surroundingB. to surroundingC. being surroundedD. to be surrounded40. Enjoy yourselves in a multicultural evening, _____ local guests bring unique food and drink.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. and4嘉定区：25. After 20 years in an African country, I returned home and found it changed _____ recognition.A. overB. beyondC. more thanD. out of26. _____ the cliffs rose out of the ground, there were often narrow tracks winding upwards.A. BecauseB. As long asC. WhereD. Only if27. _____ a wave of frustration, she felt at a loss as to how to respond to his angry words.A. Overcoming withB. Overcame byC. In order to overcomeD. Overcome with28. In China, no other organization than the CPC (人大) _____ make any law.A. willB. shouldC. shallD. must29. You don’t think she is more anxious to go there alone than you are, _____?A. do youB. are youC. isn’t sheD. don’t you30. The best job is _____ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject.A. thatB. oneC. suchD. this31. _____ criticize my son, I _____ help him find a more effective way to learn English.A. Rather than; prefer toB. Other than; would ratherC. Rather than; would like toD. Better than; had better32. So little _____ with each other that almost no progress was made at the Copenhagen Climate Conference.A. the world leaders sharedB. did the world leaders shareC. shared by the world leadersD. share did the world leaders33. _____ all by herself for many years, the old lady is sometimes very difficult _____.A. Having lived; to be got along withB. Living; to get on well withC. Having lived; to get along withD. Living; to get along34. Another cultural reason _____ doing journalism is tough here is _____ people don’t want to stick their necks out.A. that; becauseB. why; becauseC. for which; whyD. why; that35. China, together with some other ASEAN (东盟) countries, _____ against the over politicizing of the differences over the South China Sea.A. areB. wereC. isD. had been36. Unfortunately, his parents forced him to be a lawyer, _____ was against his own wishes.A. whoB. asC. whichD. what37. At the news that her daughter was missing, a _____ look appeared on the mother’s face.A. frighteningB. frightenedC. frightfulD. fright38. How nice it _____ to be back home again after such a long absence!A. is feltB. feelsC. will be feltD. is feeling39. Many factors contribute to _____, but the most destructive is the role that humans have played.A. animals to dieB. dying animalsC. animals died outD. animals dying out40. President Obama claimed that the rise of China could be a big threat and the world needs _____.A. to be reshapedB. to reshapeC. to be reshapingD. reshaped5金山区：25. A terrible earthquake hit the Pacific Ocean near Northeastern Japan _____ the afternoon of March 11, 2011.A. inB. byC. onD. of26. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between the twins without hurting the feeling of _____, but failed．A. noneB. eitherC. allD. neither27. Don’t trust such an advertisement on TV. That kind of electronic diction ary is _____ it says.A. as good asB. not as good asC. as well asD. not as well as28. We didn’t dare to go out of the hotel _____ we ran into anything dangerous.A. in caseB. whereC. so thatD. because29. Peter, a fan of tennis, told me that the Chinese player Li Na _____ the second gold medal in the Australian Open Tennis Championship in the coffee bar the day before.A. winsB. will winC. would winD. had won30. I _____ the poor little rabbit, but I didn’t have any right dru gs with me at that moment.A. could have savedB. had savedC. could saveD. saved31. Each means _____ to solve the problem, but none is effective.A. has been tried outB. have been tried outC. will be tried outD. are tried out32. You can never imagine what great trouble I have _____ this marble in my house.A. foundB. for findingC. findingD. to find33. He is a student at Oxford University, _____ for a degree in computer science.A. studiedB. studyingC. to have studiedD. to be studying34. _____ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. WhileD. Once35. _____ gets home first is to cook supper for our big family.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. WhomD. Those who36. It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said _____ made me angry.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. whom37. At the end of the program, the students are paid $600 a way this program differs from others, _____ often charge a fee.A. whoB. thatC. theyD. which38. The first black president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, won the election in the end, but it remains, of course, _____ whether he can overcome the present difficulties.A. to seeB. seenC. seeingD. to be seen39. Carbon dioxide _____ from burning fuels is the most common of the “greenhouse gases”.A. having been producedB. producingC. to be producedD. produced40. Only when _____ possible to settle the problem among the boy students.A. does the class teacher come will it beB. the class teacher comes will it beC. has the class teacher come it will beD. the class teacher comes it will be6静安区：25. Should people pursue their own happiness _____ the expense of others?A. byB. throughC. forD. at26. Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself27. According to some scientists, global warming _____ the survival of the whole human race.A. threatenB. threatensC. are threatenedD. is threatened28. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times than the price29. A very sharp increase _____ some Fed officials to push for higher rates to restrain inflation.A. need have persuadedB. might have persuadedC. must have been persuadedD. might have been persuaded30. Eating sensibly and taking regular exercise is a fairly reliable method of losing weight, _____?A. is itB. are theyC. aren’t theyD. isn’t it31. In recent years much more emphasis _____ on developing the students productive skills.A. putsB. has putC. has been putD. is put32. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care33. People are not allowed to enter the garden to prevent the flowers _____.A. being destroyedB. destroyingC. destroyD. to destroy34. _____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. BeforeB. ThoughC. Now thatD. Until35. You should allow two weeks for your visa application _____.A. to processB. to be processedC. processedD. to be processing36. I kept getting mysterious phone calls _____ the caller would hang up as soon as I answered.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that37. The modern carpenter would be just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago if _____ proper tools and materials.A. to be givenB. being givenC. giving himD. given38. Steve Jobs had been fighting against cancel for eight years _____ he died on October 5.A. so thatB. beforeC. in caseD. after39. Some one else defines who they are and _____ they stand for as public figures.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. how40. It should be obvious to everyone _____ we need to make some changes.A. thatB. howC. whatD. where7卢湾区：25. During the next 10 years, China will have 100,000 new yachts and the market will be worth _____ 50 billion and 100 billion yuan.A. atB. betweenC. withD. from26. A minibus carrying 14 students rolled over on a Friday afternoon, two students killed and six _____ badly injured.A. anotherB. the otherC. othersD. the others27. David apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to he not able28. It’s important to talk about your problems with your friends or your parents and they _____ really help a lot.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need29. “People are better-paid, better-educated and attach _____ attention to quality of life,” said Michelle Liao, Pegasus.A. a lot ofB. much moreC. as muchD. the most30. As we all know, it is what you do rather than what you say _____ matters.A. whichB. whatC. thisD. that31. Tower Bridge, one of Britain’s most famous landmarks, _____ at the end of the 19th Century.A. builtB. was builtC. has builtD. had been built32. Outdoor Film Festival, held in December, is the first festival in Asia _____ on cycling mountain bike documentaries and environmental protection movies.A. focusedB. focusingC. to be focusedD. had focused33. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people _____ their hands with soap and water.A. to washB. washedC. washingD. being washed34. The number of children who contracted colds and visited the hospital _____ in the county since last fall.A. increasedB. would increasedC. has increasedD. had increased35. _____ the coming Olympic Park’s architects have in mind is to build the largest urban park in Europe in 150 years.A. WhatB. HowC. ThatD. Which36. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____ the importance of regular and proper revision.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. had I realizedD. I had realized37. If you want to do the experiment again, you’d better be more careful_____ you make a mistake.A. only ifB. as ifC. so thatD. in case38. _____, the kidnapped girl told the police all the suffering she had gone through.A. Having rescuedB. Having been rescuedC. To be rescuedD. To have been rescued39. The country is now the world’s largest exporter of goods and the second largest importer, _____ has created millions of job opportunities in export industries and related areas.A. thisB. thatC. whichD. what40. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the clouds around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoy8闵行区：25. Most of the people in this village have free access _____ clean drinking water.A. withB. forC. byD. to26. —Are you coming to the party? —I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. mightC. shouldD. would27. So little _____ the plan that they could not settle their difference.A. they agreed onB. do they agree onC. did they agree onD. they did not agree on28. With the great weight _____ off her mind, she passed the test successfully.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. to be taken29. has begun selling tickets online for international flights, _____ to cut the market share of and other competitors.A. to aimB. having aimedC. aimingD. being aimed30. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _____ for it pretty well.A. to prepareB. to have preparedC. having preparedD. to be preparing31. It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped _____ in a traffic accident.A. being killedB. killingC. to be killedD. to kill32. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _____ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. would just thinkC. was just thinkingD. will just be thinking33. I suppose by the time I come back in ten years’ time all these old houses _____ down.A. will have been pulledB. will be pullingC. will have pulledD. will be pulled34. Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _____ students got injured or killed while in school.A. whyB. whenC. in whichD. for which35. The figures are further evidence _____ children are more likely to become near-sighted.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. which36. It was for her rare charm and inner beauty _____ British movie star Audrey Hepburn was named the most naturally beautiful woman of all time.A. whenB. thereforeC. thatD. why37. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, _____ their reliability can be confirmed.A. thoughB. so thatC. whileD. because38. Man must keep in mind that it will be years _____ the earth recovers from the damage he makes to it.A. whenB. untilC. sinceD. before39. —I don’t mind how you do it _____ you finish the painting on time. — No problem.A. as well asB. as far asC. as long asD. as fast as40. The businessman is very modest about his success. He says it’s _____ the result of good luck as of his own diligence.A. more thanB. so muchC. moreD. as much9浦东新区：25. The January Proficiency Oral Test is actually close _____ hand.A. atB. inC. byD. on26. To keep slim, Alice will spend half of her holiday practicing Yoga and _____ half learning dancing.A. anotherB. the otherC. other’sD. other27. Life is full of ups and downs, but if you focus on the negative, it _____ affect everything you do.A. mustB. dareC. shouldD. can28. David got a higher grade for Mathematics, and he did make _____ mistakes.A. fewB. fewerC. lessD. more29. —Has Tim finished writing his annual budget report? —I have no idea. He _____ it this morning.A. didB. has doneC. was doingD. had done30. The construction of the new art museum started two years ago, but it _____ so far due to various reasons.A. has not completedB. has not been completedC. had not completedD. had not been completed31. Studies show that daydreaming contributes significantly to concentration powers and the ability _____ with others.A. communicatingB. to be communicatedC. to communicateD. to communicating32. While staying home is a tradition at the Spring Festival, _____ a trip with family members can also be a nice alternative.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. taken33. Rescuers pulled out the last surviving miner _____ for 40 hours following a rock burst.A. trappedB. being trappedC. were trappedD. had trapped34. The General Bureau has put a severe ban on TV series _____ scenes of smoking cigarettes.A. to showB. shownC. showingD. to be showing35. Only through lifelong learning _____ in me highly competitive society.A. you can surviveB. can you surviveC. do you surviveD. are you survived36. Employers often give jobs to _____ they believe has work experience and a strong sense of duty.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. whoD. whom37. Thanksgiving Day takes on an entirely different look in China, _____ malls and e-businesses are competing in sale promotions as the holiday approaches.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. which38. As a saying goes, life is a cafeteria. You can get anything you want _____ you are willing to pay the price.A. even ifB. as far asC. as ifD. as long as39. The chairman announced the end of the meeting _____ I could get in a word.A. beforeB. whenC. afterD. once40. If you often feel tired out and can’t focus your attention,that is _____ you have to stop working and to have a rest.A. whyB. whetherC. whenD. what10青浦区：25. It is _____ any doctor’s power to confine the drug-resistant germ, so many people are infected.A. withinB. beyondC. byD. with26. The threats to the health of astronauts in space are very different from _____ on earth.A. onesB. thatC. itD. those27. I’d l ike to make use of _____ more time to consider my decision.A. fairlyB. manyC. muchD. hardly28. The fact that fun is not equal to happiness may be the opposite of _____ many people actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what29. The plan _____ by 2012 will expand the city’s telephone network to cover as many users as possible.A. accomplishedB. being accomplishedC. to be accomplishedD. having been accomplished30. I can tell you were in such a hurry. You _____ your costly dinner jacket inside out.A. had wornB. woreC. wearD. are wearing31. I didn’t see her in the conference room this morning. She _____ have done the presentation at the meeting.A. couldn’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. may not32. Physical Education in schools can teach us endurance — something we all need _____ life becomes tough.A. unlessB. in caseC. thoughD. until33. Having returned to the small towns, many young people found there they didn’t have _____ in big cities.A. as many entertainment choices asB. as many as entertainment choicesC. entertainment choices as many asD. many entertainment choices34. He had to be called two or three times _____ he would switch off the computer to his dinner.A. untilB. beforeC. whenD. as35. The government worked out a project _____ the children in mountainous areas can be offered free lunch.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when36. The immigrants had to pass a medical inspection _____ to exclude the sick and the mentally ill.A. to intendB. intendedC. being intendedD. intending37. No sooner _____ than the wedding ceremony was announced to begin.A. had the limousine arrivedB. did the limousine arriveC. had the limousine arriveD. arrived the limousine38. _____ is believed to be the most excellent in all aspects will win a scholarship.A. WhomB. WhomeverC. WhoD. Whoever39. With more and more tourists invading, lots of places of interest require _____.A. being repairedB. repairedC. to be repairingD. repairing40. Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state _____ they don’t age.A. for whichB. thatC. whereD. which11普陀区：25. Much to the disappointment of the neighboring countries, the Japanese government refuses to admit _____ crime they committed in _____ World War II in the history.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /26. Della was shocked not to find her car _____ she had parked it the night before and phoned the police immediatelyA. whereB. whichC. at whichD. around which27. Who would you rather _____ the report instead of you?A. have writeB. have to writeC. writeD. have written28. We’ll be free tomorrow, so I suggest _____ to the history museum.A. to visitB. visitingC. we should visitD. a visit29. The most serious problem _____ our teachers is how to send more students to top universities.A. facedB. facingC. to face toD. facing to30. The old man had expected to see all his children when in hospital, but _____ came to see him.A. noneB. no oneC. someoneD. anyone31. In the early days there were not _____ as many women migrant as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors (单身汗).A. almostB. nearlyC. hardlyD. likely32. _____ these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.A. Even thoughB. AsC. In spite ofD. While33. Advertisements have become part of our everyday life and so it’s important that everyone of us _____ ourselves about them to avoid being fooled by them.A. be educatedB. educatesC. educateD. is to educate34. Living near the sea, _____.A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight.B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoyC. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoyD. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight35. Although parents seem _____ good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with life’s difficulties.A. givenB. givingC. to be givenD. to be giving36. Until now, talking giraffes have starred in cartoons, but never _____ making a sound in real life.A. have they heardB. have they been heardC. have heard theyD. they have been heard37. It is not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony _____ really matters.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that38. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _____ his oral English before going abroad.A. improveB. to improveC. improvingD. to improving39. We should do more such exercises in the future, I think, _____ those we did yesterday.A. asB. likeC. aboutD. than40. How the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank _____ they are paid on time.A. as well asB. as soon asC. as long asD. as far as12徐汇区：。

2012年上海初三数学一模试卷及答案(金山)

金山区2011学年第一学期期终质量检测参考答案及评分说明一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分） 1．B ； 2．C ； 3．D ； 4．A ； 5．D ； 6．．B 二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分） 7．51-； 8． 12-； 9．42-=x y ； 10． 2)2(22-+=x y ；11．上升； 12．1-=m ； 13．4=b ； 14．1030；15．9； 16．6=BC ； 17．20； 18．︒︒︒1305040或或．三、解答题19．11(4)2()33--+a b a b r r r r解：原式=124--2-33a b a b v vv v ……………………………………3分=2-a b vv ……………………………………………………………3分作图（略）………………………………………………………4分 20．解：∵∠ADE =∠B ，∠DAE =∠BAD∴△ADE ∽△ABD ．∴ADAEAB AD =……………………………………4分又∵∠C =∠ADE ∴AC AD =∵4=AC ，3=AE∴4=AD ……………………………………2分∴434=AB 解得316=AB ……………………………………3分∴线段AB 的长为316。

……………………………………1分21．解：过点A 点、B 点分别作AE ⊥BC ，DF ⊥BC ．…………1分由题意可知：AD =EF =2，AE =DF ∵AB ∥BC∴︒=∠+∠180C ADC ∵︒=∠120ADC ． ∴︒=∠60C在DFC RT △中DCFC cosC DC DF C sin ==， ∴3223460sin DC DF =⨯=︒⋅=，221460cos DC CF =⨯=︒⋅=……4分 ∴32AE = 在ABE RT △中,由勾股定理可得：621236AE AB BE 22=-=-=…………………………2分 23262cot ===AE BE B …………………………1分 ∴6242262FC EF BE BC +=++=++=…………………………1分 ∴BC 的长为624+，B cot 的值为2…………………………1分 22．解：(1)由题意可知：m 450AB =，︒=∠45ACB ，︒=∠90B 在ABC RT △中, BCABACB tan =∠…………………………2分 ∴BC45045tan =︒，解得m 450BC =…………………………1分 ∴大楼与电视塔之间的距离BC 的长为m 450。

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奉贤区2012年中考一模理化试卷(2012.1) （满分：150分考试时间：100分钟）命题人：陈正大、盛莲英、汪根龙物理部分

考生注意： 1．答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效。 2．如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤。一、选择题（共16分） 1.在食用油、牛奶、矿泉水和纯净水这几种常见液体中，密度最大的是（） A．食用油 B．牛奶 C．矿泉水 D．纯净水 2.如图1所示是某同学制成的“自动给水装置”，它是用一个装满水的塑料瓶子倒放在盆中，瓶口刚好被水浸没，其瓶中水面能高于盆内水面，主要是由于（） A．瓶的支持力的作用 B．瓶的重力作用 C．水的浮力作用 D．大气压的作用 3.如图2所示，在远洋轮船的船舷上都漆着五条“吃水线”，又称“载重线”，其中标有W的是北大西洋载重线，标有S的是印度洋载重线。当船从北大西洋驶

度1和2的关向印度洋时，轮船受到的浮力以及北大西洋与印度洋的海水密

系，正确的是（） A．浮力增大，1＝2 B．浮力减小，1＝2

C．浮力不变，1＞2 D．浮力不变，1＜2

4.如图3所示，电源电压保持不变，当电键S闭合滑动变阻器的滑片P向右滑动时，下列说法正确的是（） A．V1示数增大，V2的示数增大

B．V1示数减小，V2的示数增大

C．V1示数减小，V2的示数减小 D．V1示数增大，V2的示数减小

5.关于公式R＝IU的物理意义，下面说法中正确的是（） A．导体的电阻与它两端的电压成正比，和通过它的电流成反比

B．导体中通过的电流越大，则电阻越小

C．加在导体两端的电压越大，则电阻越大 D．导体的电阻等于导体两端的电压和通过它的电流之比 6.两定值电阻甲、乙的电流与电压关系图像如图4所示，现在将甲和乙并联后接在电压为3V的电源两端。下列分析正确的是（） A．流过甲的电流是流过乙的两倍 B．流过乙的电流是流过甲的两倍 C．甲的电压是乙的电压的两倍 D．甲的电阻是乙的电阻的两倍 7．如图5所示，两个完全相同的圆柱形容器内分别盛有不同的液体A和B，已知A液体的质量小于B液体的质量。下列措施中，有可能使两容器内液体对容器底部的压强相等的

是（容器中有液体，也无液体溢出）（ρ铁＞ρ铝）（） A．分别从A、B中抽出相同质量的液体 B．分别从A、B中抽出相同体积的液体 C．分别在A、B中浸没相同质量的实心铁球和铝球 D．分别在A、B中浸没相同体积的实心铁球和铝球 8．把标有“6V9W”的灯泡L1和“12V36W”的灯泡L2串联后接在电源两端，其中“6V9W”的灯泡正常发光，另一只没有达到额定功率(不考虑灯丝电阻随温度的变化)，则（） A.电源电压为18V B．电路中电流为3A C.两灯泡的总功率为27W D．灯L2的实际功率等于灯L1的实际功率二、填空题(共26分) 9.我国名酒五粮液素有“三杯下肚浑身爽，一滴沾唇满口香”的赞誉，曾经获得两届世博会的金奖。有一种精品五粮液，它的包装盒上标明容量500ml，（已知ρ酒=0.9×103千克/米3），则它所装酒的质量为（1）千克，将酒倒出一半以后，剩余酒的密度为（2）千克/米3；如果用此瓶装满水，则水的质量是（3）千克。 10.底面积为0.4米2的正方体重600牛，放在水平地面上，对地面产生的压强为 (4) 帕，它表示的物理意义是 (5) 。现将它沿竖直方向切除一半后，剩余部分对地面的压力大小为 (6) 牛。 11．如图6所示，重为20牛的一只木盆子静止浮在水面上，它受到的浮力为（7）牛；然后用手将它慢慢向下按，在下按过程中，手用的力逐渐（8）（选填“增大”、“不变”或“减小”），原因是（9）。 12.如图7所示，一盛满水的容器放在水平桌面上，现将重4.9牛的金属球轻轻放入容器中，当金属球静止时共有1.8牛的水溢出，则金属球受到的浮力大小为 (10) 牛；此时容器底部受到水的压强将 (11) ，容器对水平桌面的压强将（12）（均选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）。 13.有一个电阻是10Ω的电铃，它的额定电压为6V。现只有一个电压为9V的电源，为使电铃正常工作，应给它（13）联一个阻值为（14） Ω的电阻；该电铃正常工作10秒钟消耗的电能是（15） J。 14.长度相等的铜导线甲和乙，甲的横截面积大于乙的横截面积，则甲导线的电阻（16）乙导线的电阻。若将它们串联在电路中，通过甲导线的电流__（17）通过乙导线的电流；若将它们并联在电路中，通过甲导线的电流（18）通过乙导线的电流（均选填“小于”、“等于”或“大于”）。 15.在图8甲所示的电路中，闭合电键S后，电压表的示数为3V，两个电流表的指针指在图乙所示的同一位置。则电灯L1中的电流I1＝（19） A，L1的电阻R1＝（20） Ω，电路的总电阻R＝（21） Ω；相同时间内电灯L1消耗的电功W1与L2消耗的电功W2之比为（22）。 16.图9所示，某小组同学在“探究并联电路中导体对电流的阻碍规律”实验中，用2节电池作为电源，甲同学先将电阻R1和R2

并联，然后用R代替图9（a）中并联电阻R1和R2，如图9（b）；

乙同学将电阻R1和R3并联，如图9（c）所示。请仔细观察图中的操作和现象，分析归纳出初步结论。（1）比较图9（a）和（b）两图中电流表的示数及相关条件，归纳得出的初步结论是：

(23) ；（2）比较图9（a）和（c）两图中电流表的示数及相关条件，归纳得出的初步结论是：

(24) 。三、作图题（6分） 17．如图10所示，重为12牛的木块静止在斜面上，它对斜面的压力大小为8牛，请根据所给的标度用力的图示法画出木块对斜面的压力。

18．如图11所示电路中，还有两根导线没有连接，请用笔线代替导线补上，补上后要求：电压表测电灯两端的电压，且当滑片向右移动时电压表示数变大。

四、计算题（24分） 19．如图12所示，在某平底饮料瓶中盛入0.1米深的水，并将饮料瓶竖直放在水平桌面上，求水对饮料瓶底部的压强。 20．有一种纪念币，它的质量是16克，把它放入一盛满水的量筒中，测得溢出的水的质量为2克。求：（1）该纪念币的体积；（2）制作该纪念币的物质的密度。

21．在图13所示电路中，电阻R2的阻值为30欧。闭合电键S，电流表A2的示数为0.2安，电流表A的示数为0.6安。求：（1）电源电压；（2）电阻R1的阻值。 22．在图14（a）所示的电路中，电源电压为12伏且保持不变，滑动变阻器R2上标有“50Ω2A”字样。闭合电键S后，电流表A的示数为0.3安，电压表V的示数为6伏。求：（1）此时滑动变阻器R2消耗的电功率P2；（2）定值电阻R1的阻值；（3）现设想选择合适的电压表量程，并移动变阻器R2的滑片P，要求：电压表V的指针处于图14（b）所示的位置。甲同学认为应向左移动滑片P，乙同学认为应向右移动滑片P。请通过计算分别说明两位同学的操作是否符合要求，并求出电压表V的指针处于该位置时的电流表示数。五、实验题（18分） 23．如图15(a)所示仪器的名称是 (1) ；图14(b)实验装置可以测出 (2) 的值；图15(c)所示仪器的名称是 (3) ，用它测物体重力时刻度面必须处于 (4) 方向（选填“水平”或“竖直”）。 24．某同学为了“探究物质的质量与体积的关系”，他先用水进行实验，在测出水的质量后，他又选用（5）测出水的体积。为了进行探究，他需要改变水的（6）进行多次实验。为了进一步研究物质的特性，他还需要选用（7）（选填“不同”或“相同）种类的物质重复进行实验；这样做的目的是（8）。 25．小明和小华同学在“研究串联电路特点”的实验中，用电压为9V的电源、电阻RA=10Ω、标有“20Ω2A”字样的滑动变阻器和若干电表等连成如图16所示的电路进行实验。实验中小华同学将滑动变阻器的滑片P从B端向左移，分别放在变阻器的B端、中间（10Ω）和距A端四分之一处，电流表、电压表的示数记录在表一中。表一实验次数 V1示数（V） V2示数（V） A1示数（A） A2示数（A） 1 3 6 0.3 0.3 2 4.5 4.5 0.45 0.45 3 6 3 0.6 0.6 （1）分析比较表中电流表A1 与A2的数据，可得到的初步结论是：串联电路中，（9）。（2）分析比较表中电压表V1、V2和电源电压的数据，可得到的初步结论是：（10）。（3）分析比较RA、R滑的阻值和电源电压与电流表A1示数比值的关系，可归纳出的结论是：（11）。（4）进一步分析比较电压表V1 、V2与电阻RA、R滑的阻值数据，可归纳出的结论是：（12）。（5）在分析归纳出上述结论后，小明同学为了实验的完整性，换用电阻RB=5Ω继续实验，实验时也将变阻器的滑片P分别放在B端、中间（10Ω）和距A端四分之一处，电流表、电压表的示数记录在表二中。小组成员小华分析了小明的测量数据后，认为小明的数据有问题，于是他直接修改了数据，如表二所示。小明认为小华这样的做法是错误的，理由是

（13）。 26．在“测定小灯泡电功率”实验中，待测小灯泡额定电压为3.8V，小灯泡的额定功率估计在1W左右。（1）某同学正确连接电路，闭合电键后发现灯泡不发光，电压表有示数，电流表指针不偏转，产生这一现象的原因是（14）。（2）故障排除后，移动滑动变阻器的滑片，在小灯泡发光情况由很暗到正常发光到很亮的过程中，该同学正确记录了小灯泡两端的电压和通过小灯泡的电流，数据见下表，但表中仍有不完整的地方，请将所缺内容填写完整：（3）该同学分析实验数据得出：小灯泡的发光亮度是由灯泡的（17）决定的。（4）进一步分析实验数据发现：通过小灯泡的电流与小灯泡两端的电压不成正比，可能的原因是

（18）。九年级理化试卷(2012.1)

物理参考答案一、选择题（共16分） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B D C B D A B D 二、填空题(共26分) 9 0.45 0.9×103 0.5 10 1500 单位面积上受到的压力为1500牛 300 11 20 增大木盆子排开水的体积越大，它受到的浮力越大