虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气专题讲义
1. If he had played (play) basketball in high school, he would be (be)a great college player now.解析：从句为对过去情况的虚拟，故用had done 形式，主句对现在情况的虚拟，故用原形。
2. If John were my child, I would have encouraged him to play basketball not football.解析：从句对现在情况的假设，故用过去式。
主句对过去情况的虚拟，故用过完。
【知识梳理3】如果条件句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，有时可以把if省略掉，但这时要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前。
【例题精讲】1. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catchB. should be catchC. has he caughtD. Had he caught答案：D.此句为If的省略，原句为If he had caught the morning train. 要是他赶上了早班车，他……2. ________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were thereB. Had there beenC. If there areD. If there have been答案：A此句为if 省略，原句为if there were no modern telecommunications, 如果没有电讯……【知识梳理4】表示“若不是”之意时，可以用如下两种句型：If it weren't for.＝but for…意为“若不是（对现在情况的假设）”。
虚拟语气讲义
第一部分虚拟语气在从句中的应用一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法虚拟语气用于某些主语从句在以下从句中的谓语动词形式：（should）+动词原形It is necessary (strange / natural / important) that…It is suggested( requested, proposed, ordered…etc) that….e.g. It is proposed that the meeting should be put off until next Monday.在某些宾语从句中的用法动词wish 后的宾语从句（引导宾语从句的that此时往往省略），表示没有实现或无法实现．．但愿．．．＂等的愿望，翻译为＂多么希望．．．＂＂要是．．．就好了＂＂．(1)与现在事实相反的愿望1) I wish I were as young as you are.2) 1 wish he were with us.(2)与过去事实相反的愿望1) I wish I had known the answer then.2) I wish I had started to study English years ago.(3)与将来事实可能相反的愿望。
1)I wish he would forgive me.2)I wish he would try again.补充说明:1.若要表示可能实现的愿望、该用“hope+宾语从句(陈述语气）2.用于表示命令、要求、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用＂（should）+动词原形＂，这些动词有＂insist(坚持)，demand(要求)，require(需求)，request(请求)，order(命令)，propose／suggest (建议）用于表语从句及同位语从句在suggestion建议),proposal(建议),order(命令)等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，其表示虚拟的谓语形式用、should+动词原形”，We all agree to Xiaoli's suggestion that we should put a play at the English evening由as if (as though)引导的表语从句中谓语动词的形式与wish后宾语从句的谓语动词相同1.)It looked .as if he could go home on foot by himself.2.)It seems as if he knew nothing of her.比较：3.)It looks as if it is going to rain.(有可能下雨)4.)It looks as if it were going to rain.(不可能下雨)用于其他状语从句●由as if (as though)引导的状语从句中谓语动词的形式与wish后宾语从句的谓语动词相同He speaks as if he had really been there.He talked as if he had seen it himself.●用于由so that; in order that引导的目的状语从句中，动词的形式是may(might十动词原形、can(could)十动词原形”。
虚拟语气讲义
第五讲虚拟语气讲义一、语气的定义和种类1.语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。
如：If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。
（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
if条件句中的虚拟语气(二)(讲义)
if条件句中的虚拟语气（二）（讲义）movie last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影。
（现在→过去）If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。
（过去→将来）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.如果莫尼卡今天到达的话，那她一定是在三天前就动身了。
（将来→过去）If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.要是你去年努力学习的话，现在你就是个大学生了。
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.如果昨天下雨了的话，地面现在就应该是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.如果你听从了我的建议的话，你现在早就好多了。
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’t have fallenB.had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall答案：D思路分析：考查错综时间虚拟条件句，主句部分虚拟现在，而根据at the age of seven可知从句为对过去的虚拟，须用过去完成时。
二、虚拟倒装句：条件从句中的谓语部分有were，should和had时，if有时可以省略，将were、had、should 提到主语之前，构成虚拟倒装。
虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。
所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。
除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句，短语也可表示条件。
此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。
但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。
除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外，在名词从句中也可使用虚拟语气。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.If I were you, I would go at once. If there were no air, people would die.①表示与现在事实相反的情况：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.If I could type, I might save lot of timeIf it were not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.If it were not for your timely help, we would be in serious trouble.②表示与过去事实相反的情况：If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.If the problem had been solved in time, we might have completed the project last month.If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him.If I had tried my best, I could have earned much more money.If he had apologized, you should have done so too.If it had not been for her good care, I might not have got well so soon.③表示对将来情况的主观推测或可能违背将来事实的假设：这种情况下一般指的是将来情况下不大可能发生的情况，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望它发生。
虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气概念：虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
虚拟语气的使用场合与表达形式重点：1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。
2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。
3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为错综时间非真实条件句4．特殊的虚拟语气结构的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。
上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。
下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。
1.条件句1)真实条件句2)非真实条件句三种非真实条件句的虚拟语气这种条件句表示与事实相反或很少可能实现的假设。
其主句和从句的谓语均需用虚拟语气，表现形式如下表：在书面语中，条件从句中可以不用连词if, 而将谓语中的过去式were, had或should等移至主语之前。
与现在事实相反If I had a car, I should be very happy.与过去事实相反If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.与将来事实相反If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science.2. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的用法虚拟语气还大量地出现在表示建议，命令，要求等意念的宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中。
其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。
虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气一. 条件句虚拟语气1.概念虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测，或者是建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。
它是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可以用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思，用情态动词could，might等来代替should，would。
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就能见到了李先生。
注意：1. if 省略句在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首, 变为倒装句式。
如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.2、用连词otherwise, or, but暗示前面的条件或者用介词but for, without代替条件状语从句，例句如下：It’s lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now.But for(要不是) the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.三．宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。
2023届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义
虚拟语气如何用（1）对现在状况的虚拟对现在状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
（2）对过去状况的虚拟对过去状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
（3）对将来状况的虚拟对将来状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。
should表示的可能性比较大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性比较小。
主句谓语动词用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
（4）错综时间条件句有时条件从句谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
此时主从句动词的形式应通过各自所表示的时间开展调整。
If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.假如当时听我劝，你现在就不会有麻烦了。
（if条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用“would+动词原形”形式。
）（5）表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词后的宾语从句常用“(should+)动词原形（6）wish后的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示现在的状况，用过去完成时表示过去的状况，用would/could do表示将来的状况。
（7）would rather 后的宾语从句would rather后的从句常用一般过去时形式，表示现在或将来的状况；用过去完成时，表示过去的状况（8）It is/was important (necessary, appropriate, proper, right, essential, vital, etc.) that英语虚拟语气有什么用法一.定义: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的状况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的状况, 而不表示客观存在的现实二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 根据句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间定义虚拟语气的用法一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country.b. May you succeed.c. May you be happy all your life.2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)1.表示与现在事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形(should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于全部人称)a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.2.表示与过去事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.3.表示与将来事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式(be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种状况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 假如条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放到句首a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的详细时间a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以别的方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句a. What would you do with a million dollars?b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.c. We could have done better with more money.d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在状况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.b. She looked as if she were ill.2.表示与过去事实相反的状况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同a. Even if I were rich, I would work.六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:假如表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来状况, 用should have done表示过去状况a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.c. I wish I could help you.d. I wish I were young.②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或期待未来有所改变a. I wish the prices would come down.b. I wish you would help me.c. I wish he would be more careful.d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式a. I suggested that we should go there at once.b. I demand that he should answer me at once.c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.与名词suggestion建议/ advice 建议/ demand要求/ request要求/ order 命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用( should ) +动词原形a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式a. It is time we got up.九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来状况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去状况动词用过去完成时形式a. I would rather he came next Saturday.b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.c. I would rather that he painted the house blue。
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虚拟语气讲义I虚拟语气用于wish, as if (though), if only•I wish it were spring all the year round. 现在•I wish/ wished I had taken your advice.过去//I wished I could have gone to the movie with you yesterday.过去•I wish you could go with us. 将来I wish you would agree with me. 将来•He looks as if he were an artist. 现在•He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. 过去•It looks as if it might rain. 将来•It looks as if it is going to rain. 真实if only “要是...就好了！”•If only I were a bird! 现在•If only I had taken his advice. 过去•If only the wind would stop. 将来结论：II if 虚拟条件从句表示与现在事实相反的假设.If +主语+ did / were …,主语+ should / would / could / might +do...If I were a boy, I would join the army. // If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the sky.If I had time, I would attend the meeting.与过去的事实相反If + 主语+had done... ，主语+should/would/could/might have done....If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.If I had finished my homework earlier, I would have gone to the film.与将来事实相反If +主语＋did (were) /were to do /should do...主语+should/would/could/ might +do...If +主语＋should do... 祈使句If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.If it should rain, don’t exp ect me.If they ______ (be) here, they _____________(take) your advice.If you __________(get) up earlier, you ____________________(catch) the first train.If the world-war __________ (break) out again, what ________________ (happen) to our people on earth?If Robots (control) the world some day, there (be) no friendship . If Tom ___________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ____________________ (pass) it already.If there __ (be) no natural resource any more, we _____________(make) use of nuclear power .•If it were not for... “如果没有.../要不是” 表示同现在事实相反的假设,主句用过去将来时.•If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.•If it had not been for... “如果当时没有.../要不是” 表示同过去事实相反的假设,主句用过去将来完成时•If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed.虚拟条件句的倒装从句部分有were, had, should, 可将if省略, 再把were, had, should, 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
If they were here now, they could help us. =Were they here now, they could help us.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.= Had you come earlier, you would have met himIf it were to/ should rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.=Should it rain, the crops would be saved.巩固练习1.If you ____the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A. followB. followedC. would followD. had followed2.What would you have done last night, if you _____to write your homework.A. hadn’tB. haven’t hadC. didn’t haveD. hadn’t had3.—— Did you catch the plane? ——No. if I had hurried, I ______.A. wouldB. would haveC. couldD. did4.If I _____out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.A. didn’t runB. shouldn’t runC. haven’t runD. hadn’t run5.If you _____early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A. have startedB. were startedC. were to startD. had started6._______I’d have told you.A. If I would have known itB. If I had have known itC. Had I know itD. Should I know it7.I didn’t go to the part y, but I do wish I ____there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went8.She speaks as if she ____on the spot.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. is9.If I ______ten years younger, I _____ very happy.A. were, would beB. am, shall beC. were, shall beD. am, would be10.—— You can ask your brother for help.—— He is not at home. If he ____, I _____.A. is, wouldB. were, wouldC. is, willD. were, will错综时间的虚拟条件句•If I were you, I would have taken his advice.•If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.•If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.•要是我吃了药, 现在我就会感觉好点._______________________________________________________________•If it were not for that you are ill, I would ask you to do this right now.•If I had known that he was not at home, I would not have called on him( 虚拟语气中可含有陈述语气的从句) 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中, 通过介词,介词短语,连词来表示。
•如:but for, without, with; otherwise, or, but, but that等。
•But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.•Without air, there would be no living things.•Without your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.•With favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.•She eats too much every day, or she would be thinner.•I was so busy then, otherwise I would have told him the answer.•He would have given you more help, but he was very busy.would rather 后跟从句时用虚拟语气：•a、表示现在和将来，用一般过去时。