英语专四专八考试-专四语法题8大高频考点
专四语法重点难点资料
On hearing the bad news, she cried.
I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time.
2）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 3.在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来 的句子中，有时候上下文或其他方式也能 表示假设情况，这时仍需用虚拟语气。例 如：
• It would have been considered impossible in the past.
用虚拟法 （倒装） • Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we
动名词的时态和语态
1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如G.的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时
发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。
We are interested in _____ (play) chess.
如G.的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之 前，通常用完成式。
I’m sorry for not _____ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是
• = If I hadn’t been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.
• （前事实后虚拟）标志: otherwise
Eg. I was too busy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you.
The Gerund
专四语法知识考点
专四语法知识重点考点（句子成分clause elements : page13 ）（基本句型basic clause type: page16 ）（主谓一致subject-verb concord: page22）（主谓一致/集体名词subject-verb concord / collective noun: page27 ）（限定词determiner: page60 & 64）（代词pronoun: page86 ）（反身代词reflexive pronouns : page98）（代词照应pronoun reference: page 104）（人称代词的类指用法personal pronoun, generic reference: page102）（名词属格genitive noun: page53 ）（介词词组prepositional phrases : page308）（副词adverb : page272 ）（动词的时和体tense and aspect: page119--160）（现在完成时present perfective: page140 ）（将来时间表示法means of expressing future time: page 151--159）（情态助动词modal auxiliaries: page191 & 206）（半助动词semi-auxiliaries: page210 ）（并列连词coordinator : page342; 从属连词subordinator: page 346）（感叹句exclamation / exclamatory sentence: page323）（祈使句imperative sentence: page321）（疑问句question: page314-319）（特殊疑问句/ 附加疑问句special / tag question: page 314--319）（虚拟语气subjunctive mood: page181 & 185）（名词性分句nominal clauses: page348）（不定式infinitive: page219--239）（-ing分词/分句–ing participle / clause: page241 & 367）（-ing分词作形容词–ing participle as adjective : page263 ）（同位语appositive: page418）（状语adverbial: page421）（原因状语分句adverbial clause of cause : page350）（让步状语分句adverbial clause of concession : page350 ）（方式状语分句adverbial clause of manner : page350 ）（关系分句/ 关系词relative clause / word: page382）（比较结构comparative construction : page285 & 292 ）（被动态passive voice : page 161—178）（动词性替代verbal substitution : page432）（后置postponement: page 447--449）（前置fronting; 倒装inversion: page 450--452）（存在句existential sentence: page325--329）（无动词分句verbless clauses: page 373—374）（独立结构absolute construction: page 375—377）（省略ellipsis: page 438—444）。
专四专八学习经验专业英语四级备考过关全攻略之语法备考资料
专四专八学习经验专业英语四级备考：过关全攻略之语法 -备考资料一、代数名词数词1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以'名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式'构成的复合名词，它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以'man 或者woman+名词'构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如：homework4. 物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示'各种不同品种'时几乎都可做可数名词如：different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示'某一种'或'某一方面'的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点：必须用's的场合1)'s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加's3)人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加's4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店，住家，教堂，医院等，此名词常省略5)复合名词在最后一个词后加's6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时，必须用's7. 当用来表示类别或属性时，要用's children's shoes 儿童鞋，必须用of的场合1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时，都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时，须用复数，而且后面加of8. 表示顺序的两种方式：1)'名词+基数词'，不用冠词，如Chapter four2) 'the+序数词+名词' 如the Fourth Chapter9 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10 分数分子为基数词，分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词副词1)前置修饰语的排列顺序可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) ――冠词，指示形容词，所有格形容词，不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)――基数词(one ) 序数词(first)―― 表示性质，状态，质量的形容词(good useful)――表示大小，长短，形状的形容词――表示年龄，新旧，温度的形容词――表示颜色的形容词――表示国籍，产地，区域的形容词――表示材料，用做形容词的名词――动名词，分词2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词。
专四专八考试高频短语汇总
专四专八考试高频短语汇总1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守2. be absent from…缺席，不在3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于…（近义短语：be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on）5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外Without accident(=safely) 安全地8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 及…一致out of one's accord with 同…不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one's own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one's own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…重要性13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地32. have an advantage over 胜过have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…; ahead of time 提前37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体2)在谣传中38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用49. apply to 及…有关;适用50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方)54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…58. attend to (=give one's attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料59. attitude to toward …对…的态度、看法60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one's back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起65. at one's back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one's back 有…支持, 有…作后台66. turn one's back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃67. behind one's back 背着某人(说坏话)68. be based on upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)76. for the better 好转77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事88. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事89. last but one 倒数第二90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买92. be capable of 能够, 有能力93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一in the case of 至于…, 就…而言96. in no case 在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)97. be cautious of 谨防98. center one's attention on(=focus one's attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定100. for certain of (=for sure ) 肯定地,有把握地101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident) 偶然102. for a change换换环境(花样等)103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地108. comment on 评论109. commit oneself to 使自己承担…commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用be common to sb. 是及某人所共有的111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好112. compare…with …把…及…比较113. compare…to…把…比作…114. by comparison 比较起来115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) 118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心121. be concerned with (=about) 及…有关122. concern oneself about with 关心123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时124. condemn sb. to 判决125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然for all that = although 尽管126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心130. confidence in sb. /sth. 对…的信赖131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的132. confine…to…把…限制在某范围内133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果142. under consideration 在考虑中143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把…考虑进去146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,及…一致148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)及…一致. be consistent in一贯的149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教150. to one's heart's content尽情地,痛痛快快151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 及…相反153. on the contrary 相反154. contrast…with 把…及…相对(对照)155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比by contrast 对比之下156. contribute to 有助于157. under control (被)控制住out of control无法控制158. at one's convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.) 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理161. in the corner(of)在角落里; on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处; round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信163. correspond to 相当于correspond with 符合,一致164. at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of 以…为代价165. a matter of course 理所当然的事166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地167. in (during) the course 在…过程中168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one's credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172.a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有)175. deal with (=concern) 论及176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加178. to one's delight 令某人感到高兴to one's regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on 依靠184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望187. in despair 绝望188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管189. in detail 详细地190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食192. differ from…in 及…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议199. in dispute 在争议中200. in the distance 在远处make out 辩认出201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 及…截然不同202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别203. distinguish…from 把…及…区别开204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压205. have…to do with 及…有关系206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑208. be due to 是由于209. come off duty 下班210. go on duty 上班211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one's job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做) 213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力216. a word in one's ear 私房话, 秘密话217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力219. at (one's) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束220. put sb. at his/her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省222. have an effect on 对…有影响223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效224. go into effect 生效( 近come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect)225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…230. to that effect 是那个意思的…231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等)232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事235. on end (=continuously) 连续地236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了。
考试要点（英语专四GrammarandVocabulary）
一考试要点1.语法考点分析近年来专业四级考试Grammar and V ocabulary部分中，50%为词汇、词组和短语的用法，约50%为语法结构。
该题在总分中虽占分不多，但作为测试考生英语水平的基础，它对于TEM4中所有题项影响之大是众所周知的，因为任何一门外语的学习均始于词汇和语法，且对词汇数量及其深度的掌握程度在一定意义上反映一个人的英语水平。
因此，掌握词汇和语法对于在TEM4中取得好成绩显得尤为重要。
综观近10年考题，可发现：1.语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：各种分句及连接词的用法；虚拟语气、动词的非谓语形式、独立主格、代词、动词时态、情态动词、形容词、副词、限定词等各词类相关的语法点；主谓一致、句子成分、反意疑问句、倒装、省略等基本语法知识。
2. 语法考试的重点突出，考点为内容庞杂、较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现，几乎每年必考，如：各类从句、虚拟语气、非谓语、代词、动词、情态动词等。
此外，不难发现，最近的5年中语法点的测试，考点逐渐铺开，语法考试范围扩大，15道题中会覆盖将近9个不同语法点，甚至对考生掌握语法专业术语情况和分析难句成分的能力都提出高的要求。
所以，要提醒各位考生，除了做专项语法题训练，还要注意补足语法基础知识，对于常用语法术语也要有所掌握。
3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，如：1 )虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+ 一般过去时:It is vital / necessary / important / urgent / imperative / desirable / advisable / natural / essential+that+动词原形；It is time / about time / high time+that+—般过去时：proposal / suggestion+that+动词原形；lest+that+should+动词原形；if only+ that+would+动词原形。
英语词汇语法(专四、专八、考研)
Test One集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of /a pa nel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
【考点】考试中常见的固定搭配（适合专四专八）
【考点】考试中常见的固定搭配（适合专四专八）
暗中观察
Допустим, чтобы.....准许做什么....
Допустим, что....假如....
Каков...таков...有什么...就有...
Ничего не оставалось, как....别无选择，只得....
Иметь место 发生
Иметь честь有幸
Иметь дело с +5打交道
Иметь в виду 指的是
Более чем + 间接格или 含数词的复合形容词
Более + 数词二格
Только и делаю + 动词相同语法形式没完没了
Пойти 的将来时 + 另一完成体动词将来形式表目的
同根的未完成体动词+ не + 带-ся完成体动词也不够...
两个动词变位形式中加так 表示动作充分实现
不定式+ 变型干....倒是在干....
Взять и (да и ) +另一动词(和взять同一语法形式)
不定式+не+变位形式干....不得...
Знай / знай себе + 动词变位形式自顾自地干....
表害怕的动词+как бы не, чтобы не（可用что代替但是从句谓语用将来时形式）...
*但表害怕动词前有не只能用что来连接
Достаточно +完成体不定式и .... 后一分句表示由前一个分句行为引出的结果
Достаточно +未完成体不定式и..... 后一分句表示目的。
专四专八考试高频短语汇总资料
专四专八考试高频短语汇总1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守2. be absent from…缺席，不在3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于…（近义短语：be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; becentered on）5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外Without accident(=safely) 安全地8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致out of one's accord with 同…不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one's own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one's own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…重要性13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去)理由( 解释, 说明14. give sb. an account of15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先使优点更加突出地,有利的31. to advantage32. have an advantage over 胜过have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…; ahead of time 提前37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体2)在谣传中38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力适用; apply to 申请; apply for 为…向…申请48. apply to sb. for sth.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方)54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…58. attend to (=give one's attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料59. attitude to toward …对…的态度、看法60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one's back(=be ill in卧病不起bed)65. at one's back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one's back 有…支持, 有…作后台66. turn one's back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃67. behind one's back 背着某人(说坏话)68. be based on upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)76. for the better 好转77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 上火车或飞机, 在船上, 到船上81. on board82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事88. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事89. last but one 倒数第二90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买92. be capable of 能够, 有能力93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一in the case of 至于…, 就…而言96. in no case 在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)97. be cautious of 谨防把某人的注意力集中在…上98. center one's attention on(=focus one's attention on)99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定100. for certain of (=for sure ) 肯定地,有把握地101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident) 偶然102. for a change换换环境(花样等)103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地108. comment on 评论109. commit oneself to 使自己承担…commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好112. compare…with …把…与…比较113. compare…to…把…比作…114. by comparison 比较起来和…比起来115. in comparison with (=in contrast to)116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维)118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关122. concern oneself about with 关心123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时124. condemn sb. to 判决125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然for all that = although 尽管126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心对…的信赖130. confidence in sb. /sth.131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的132. confine…to…把…限制在某范围内133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果142. under consideration 在考虑中143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把…考虑进去146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的与…一致,符合. consist with主要在于. consist in由…组成的147. consist of(=be composed of)．148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致. be consistent in一贯的149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教150. to one's heart's content尽情地,痛痛快快151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反153. on the contrary 相反154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比by contrast 对比之下156. contribute to 有助于157. under control (被)控制住out of control无法控制158. at one's convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 .beconvenient to for 对…方便159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.) 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理161. in the corner(of)在角落里; on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处; round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信一致,符合correspond with 相当于163. correspond to164. at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of 以…为代价165. a matter of course 理所当然的事166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地167. in (during) the course 在…过程中168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one's credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172.a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有) 175. deal with (=concern) 论及176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加178. to one's delight 令某人感到高兴to one's regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;取乐, 喜欢179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)．180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on 依靠184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望187. in despair 绝望188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管189. in detail 详细地190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪陈列196. on display(=being shown publicly)．197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议199. in dispute 在争议中200. in the distance 在远处make out 辩认出201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压205. have…to do with 与…有关系206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑208. be due to 是由于209. come off duty 下班210. go on duty 上班211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one's job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做)盼望, 想得到213. be eager for214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力216. a word in one's ear 私房话, 秘密话217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力219. at (one's) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束220. put sb. at his/her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省222. have an effect on 对…有影响223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效224. go into effect 生效( 近come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect)225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…是那个意思的…230. to that effect231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等)232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. inhisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事235. on end (=continuously) 连续地236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了。
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专四语法题8大高频考点专四语言运用题包含语法与词汇两部分，各约10题选择题。
考试时间为10分钟。
语法主要测试学生对基本语法概念的熟练程度。
词汇主要测试词汇、词组和短语的辨析及用法。
高频考点1: 句子成分句子成分指的是组成句子的成分。
句子中必须具备的成分包括主语、谓语；可能有的成分包括宾语、补语、修饰语(定语、状语、同位语)。
近年专四考试中，主要考查某个词、短语或从句在句中充当的成分，同位语、补语、形式主语、形式宾语等是考查热点。
真题例证Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a(n) in the sentence.A. appositiveB. objectC. adverbialD. complement【解析】本题考查句子成分分析。
a different man接在动词之后，但却是对主语Xinchun起着解释或描述作用的成分，因此为主语补足语。
因此选D。
高频考点2: 虚拟语气真题例证If there were no subjunctive mood, English much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been【解析】本题表示与现在事实相反的假设，考查虚拟语气。
表示与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去时，主句使用should (would)+动词原形。
本题选B。
高频考点3: 情态动词1. 情态动词的一般用法情态动词在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。
英文中的情态动词主要有：can, could; may, might; must; ought; need; dare；另外shall, will, should, would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。
表示对目前状况、目前正在进行的动作的猜测，结构如下：must/may/might be + 名词/介词短语/v.-ing/v.-ed/副词；当上述结构用于疑问式或否定式时，must常用can取代。
2. 情态动词与完成时的连用1) needn't have done表示过去做了某事，但事实上没有做的必要，意为"本不必要……";2) can't/couldn't have done表示推测某种动作不可能发生;3) may/might have done表示对过去事情的推测;4) must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，其疑问形式用can/could来表示，否定形式用can't/couldn't;5) should/would have done表示本应该做某事却没有做，用于对已发生的情况表示"责备"、"不满"。
真题例证Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。
must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，根据句意应选A。
高频考点4: 状语从句1. 让步状语从句连接词让步状语从句可由下列连词或结构引导：though/although (虽然), even if/even though (即使), however (尽管), whatever (不管), no matter (how, what, where, when) (不管[怎样、什么、哪里、何时]), whether (... or) (不管), granted that (即使), for all that (尽管如此), in spite of the fact that (尽管), regardless of the fact that (尽管)等。
此外，while引导让步状语从句时，只能放在句首，意义上相当于although。
2. 条件状语从句条件状语从句可由下列连词引导: if, unless, as long as/ so long as, on condition that, suppose/ supposing, provided/ providing that, granted/ granting (that), given (that), in the event that等。
3. 原因状语从句原因状语从句可由下列连词引导: because, since, in that, now that, seeing that, considering that, in as much as, by reason that, for the reason that, on the ground that等。
4. 结果、目的状语从句1) 结果状语从句通常由以下连接词(组)引导: so... that..., such... that..., so that, that, consequently, to such a degree/an extent that, with the result that 等。
2) 目的状语从句通常由以下连接词(组)引导：so that, in order that, that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that等。
5. 时间状语从句时间状语从句通常由以下连接词(组)引导: when, while, as, immediately, once, directly, instantly, as soon as, no sooner... than, scarcely/ hardly/ barely... when, every time, any time, next time, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, till, until。
真题例证He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if【解析】本题考查词组的含义和用法。
四个选项中只有C项on condition后面跟that从句，是正确答案，表示"在……条件下，如果，倘若"。
A项on occasion表示"间或，有时"；B项on purpose"故意"；D项only if"只要，只有"，用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装。
高频考点5: 名词性从句名词性从句多由连词that，whether/if, wh-疑问词或由what或wh-ever关系代词引导，根据表示法分类，名词性从句主要有三种，即that从句，wh-从句和whether、if引导的名词性从句。
真题例证Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.【解析】本题考查句子结构。
D中的It是形式主语，that引导真实的主语从句。
本题选D。
高频考点6: 主谓一致处理主谓一致有如下三条原则：1) 语法一致，即：主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式(不包括复数形式单数概念的名词)。
2) 概念一致，即：谓语动词的单、复数形式要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。
3) 就近原则，即：谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
真题例证Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.【解析】本题考查主谓一致。
politics作"政治学"讲时，谓语动词用单数，因此A 项语法上错误。
ten miles看作整体，因此用单数；mumps"腮腺炎"虽以s结尾，却是不可数名词，谓语用单数；furniture是不可数名词，因此也用单数。
高频考点7: 非谓语动词非谓语动词顾名思义，是指不作谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。
非谓语动词可作主语、宾语、状语、定语、补语等，专四考试中常考非谓语动词作状语、主语、宾语。
1. 非谓语动词作状语1) 不定式作状语表示目的及未来的动作；2) 分词作状语表伴随及原因；现在分词常用于表示进行、主动，过去分词表示完成、被动。
2. 非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。
不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。
3. 非谓语动词作宾语1) 某些动词要求动名词作宾语，此类特殊动词主要有：abandon, admit, acknowledge, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, dislike, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, favour, imagine, mind, miss, postpone, resent, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate等；2) 有些动词短语后也要跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：can't stand, can't help, feel like, give up, put off等等。