ZY 2014-12-22 英语专四语法小考点串讲
英语专四语法考试考点串讲
南信大语言与文化学院
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英语专业四级考试听写评分标准
1. 听写共分 小节；每节 分。 听写共分15小节 每节1分 小节； 2. 每节最多扣 分。 每节最多扣1分 3. 错误分两类：小错误和大错误。 错误分两类：小错误和大错误。 小错误：单词拼写错一到两个字母。 小错误：单词拼写错一到两个字母。例：steadily — staedily； harbor — ； habor； parent — parents； mouths — mouth 两个字母以下的词、标点 两个字母以下的词、 ； ； 符号、次序颠倒和大小写错误算小错。小错误扣分标准： 符号、次序颠倒和大小写错误算小错。小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出 现一次，留作总计；出现两次： 分后留作总计； 现一次，留作总计；出现两次：扣0.5分；出现三次： 扣0.5分后留作总计； 分 出现三次： 分后留作总计 出现四次： 出现四次：扣1分。 分 大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计），每个错误扣 分 大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计），每个错误扣0.5分。例： ），每个错误扣 mouth — moth；task — test； trip — trap； flee — flea；have ； ； ； ； finished — finsh（ed） （ ） 4. 重复错误，仅扣一次。 重复错误，仅扣一次。 5. 未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计 2-4个扣 分；累计 5-8个扣 分。 未扣分小错误的扣分标准： 个扣0.5分 个扣1分 个扣 个扣
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主句 与现在事 would/情态动词过去 情态动词过去 式+do 实相反
从句 were (不分人 不分人 称)/did
与过去事 would/情态动词过去 had done 情态动词过去 式+do, would/情态动 情态动 实相反 词过去式+have done 词过去式 与将来事 would/情态动词过去 情态动词过去 式+do 实相反 should们掌握的语法内容，具体如下： 专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法内容，具体如下： 1. 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；'s 属格的各种意义； 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数； 属格的各种意义； 某些以-s 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。 某些以 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。 2. 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系； 类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； 的用法。 类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； some, any 和 no 的用法。 3. 代词：不定代词 代词：不定代词one, some, anyone 及不定代词 及不定代词one, they, we, you, he的用法； 的用法； 的用法 物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 4. 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时， 行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法； 行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用 虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句， 分词和–ing分句、 –ed分词 分句、 法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing 分词和 分句 分词 分句的用法。 和 –ed分句的用法。 分句的用法 5. 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）； ）；状语从句 包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。 （包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。 6. 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句， 限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组； ）；形容词和副词的比较级 限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组； 附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。 附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。
英语专业四级真题解读(2014专用)(语法)
英语专业四级真题解读（2014专用）（语法）专四考生盆友们，备考是否已经开始？动手早的盆友，是否倘佯在题海中！`(*∩_∩*)′不管哪种情况，都要揭穿真题的真相，知其考点所在。
知己知彼、百战不殆！下面从语法方面，对题型简要分析，以抛砖引玉。
现为考生盆友整理了2011-2013年的真题。
年份语法考核点2013情态动词、代词用法、限定词用法、句子成分、句式判断、虚拟语气、构词法等2012限定词用法、情态动词、句子成分、句意理解、虚拟语气等2011定语从句、句子成分、反意疑问句、句意理解、虚拟语气等2013年51.Facing the board of directors,he didn’t deny breaking the agreement.A.himB.hisC.itD.its52.Xinchun returned from abroad a different man.The italicized part functions as a(n)in the sentence.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialplement53.Which of the following is a compound word(复合词)?A.Nonsmoker.B.MeannessC.DeadlineD.Misfit54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?［A］Lucy insisted that her son get home before5o’clock.［B］She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.［C］Walk straight ahead,and don’t turn till the second traffic lights.［D］Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55.The following determiners(限定词)can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT［A］many.［B］enough.［C］more.［D］such.56.Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?［A］She opened the door and quietly went in.［B］Think it over again and you’ll get an answer.［C］Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.［D］He is somewhat arrogant,and I don’t like this.57.Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)?［A］Much.［B］Neither.［C］One.［D］Quarter.58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT［A］Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.［B］The school pupils will be home by now.［C］The President is coming to the UN next week.［D］He is going to e-mail me the necessary information.59.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?［A］Politics are the art or science of government.［B］Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.［C］Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.［D］All the furniture has arrived undamaged.60.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?［A］The occupation of the island.［B］The law of Newton.［C］The arrival of the tourists.［D］The plays of Oscar Wilde.61.Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?［A］He is not the man to draw back.［B］Larry has a large family to support.［C］Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.［D］There is really nothing to fear.62.Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?［A］I wish you could stay behind.［B］You will mind your own business!［C］Come and have dinner with us.［D］Let me drive you home,shall I?63.If it tomorrow,the match would be put off.［A］was to rain［B］were to rain［C］was raining［D］had rained64.Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?［A］Mary and her son must be home by now.［B］Careless reading must give poor results.［C］He must be working late at the office.［D］It’s getting late,and I must leave now.65.The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词)EXCEPT［A］remain.［B］turn.［C］write.［D］knock.51.［B］代词用法题。
英语专业四级考试语法精讲[1]
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英语专业四级考试—语法精讲虚拟语气第一部分：概述虚拟语气类型（宾语从句；状语从句；名词性从句（主语从句，同位语从句，表语从句）；定语从句；特殊类型（感叹句）；省略if 的虚拟法（倒装））ExamplesThe rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society.I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.I wish that I were a student again.I wished that I had followed his suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)同位语从句(The +n. that )表语从句(n. +be that)省略if 的虚拟法（倒装）(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if / whether 省略，从句中需要倒装，提前助动词(系动词）或情态动词。
Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting.=Should it rain tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.省略if 的虚拟法（倒装）(2)Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.=Had she been given more information, she could have answered the questions.第二部分详解&总结虚拟语气的动词标志―insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move,urge, recommend, command, order‖等动词表“建议、愿望”时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
专四语法点讲解2
二、不定式
1.不定式做主语 (1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主 语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格 行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑 主语则由of引导：
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。 如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. (3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末 尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语 气。 常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如： Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等 名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括： way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。如： I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem. (5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如： Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.
专四语法考点串讲状语从句
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五大考点
• ⑴ when VS while VS as • When 当….的时候 • While 当…的时候 ；趁着…时候 • As 当….的时候 ；随着…
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• ⑵ till / until “直到….为止”
• Eg. Mother waited for Tom till/ until it was far into the night. ( 持续性动词)
考试聚焦
• 考点一、Because VS since VS for • Because: 表示“因为”，表示直接的或明确
的原因; • Since: 表示“既然”， 表示已知或显然的原
因; • for : 不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是
用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充 解释、说明，不放在句首。
• 用于句首要求倒装
• Eg. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
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几种特殊句型结构的区别
• （1）It is/was + 时刻 + when从句“某事发生时是 什么时候。”
• （2）It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句“自 从……以来有多长时间了。”
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• 考点三：Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
• Eg. Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
• 考点四：no matter +疑问词相当于疑 问词+ever: 不管…都…
2014英语专四词汇与语法部分讲解
64. Fool _____ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing. A. who B. as C. that D. like as 倒装。尽管Micheal 很蠢，但他也不可能做出这样的事。
when you go to a school.
57. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? A. He was reading Mary's letter in the room. B. You can buy men's shoes in this shop. C. Mrs. Blake's passport was lost. D. The enemy's defeat brought the war to an end.
means
A. sick
B. inactive C. dizzy
D. drowsy
sluggish:行动迟缓的，反应慢的，不机警的；inactive：懒散的，不活跃的；dizzy:
头晕的；drowsy:昏昏欲睡的，沉寂的，催眠的。
71. The family of the victim had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial.
专四英语语法考点串讲 高清版
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ton ti
eht dessap evah thgim ehs ,gel reh ekorb ehs taht tcaf eht rof___ .6 neeb t’ndah .C neeb t’nsah .B t’nerew .A t’ndluow .D
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7991.ereh
eht gnirud ekoms ___ sregnessap taht dednemmocer saw tI .1 相的导引 ti 及句从的导引 dnamed ,tseuqer ,eriuqer ,ksa ,esoporp ,esivda ,tseggus ,dnammoc ,redro ,tsisni 如词动等令命 、求要 、议建示表 �2 点考 desirprus uoy ereW .B desirprus eb uoy dluoW .A 。形原词动+)dluohs�用语谓�句从词容形和词名、词分的应
小语法
专四语法考点串讲之六小语法点一、反义疑问句的考点聚焦：1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I am a student, aren’t I2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, ma y I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impossible, isn't it?5)must在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?7) 复合句的反疑疑问句A .带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?B上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
英语专四语法讲义
名词性从句、定语从句名词性从句 三大从句定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句表语从句 同位语从句两步解题法 1.抓连词2.抓连词在名词性从句中的成分连接词 -- that whether if （宾从）连词连接代词 -- what(ever) which(ever) who(ever) whom(ever) whose 连接副词 -- how(ever) when(ever) where(ver) why英语专业四级语法讲义代词that名从中连接词--考与what的区别连词限定性定从中关代--考与which的区别强调句式--注意与主从的区别状从中连接词--常考固搭状从中的连接词--常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result thatso thatthat引导名词性从句--that + 完整句子(1)主语从句It is/was + adj.-ed+that +完整句子某些名词e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.*强调句式It is/was +被强调部分+ that +不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g.I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.It was I that met him in the street.(2)宾语从句主+ 谓语vt + (that) + 完整句子e.g.I know (that) he passed the exam.(3)表语从句主+ 系动词+ that + 完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+ that + 完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow is right.There is /are + 抽象名词+ that + 完整句子*抽象名词answer, belief, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, sign, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, statement, suggestion, thought, probability…on the condition that…despite the fact that…on the understanding that…代词that名从中连接词--考与what的区别连词限定性定从中关代--考与which的区别强调句式--注意与主从的区别状从中连接词--常考固搭that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each …the first the last the only the veryN + that + 不完整句子作从句的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+ that + 完整句子that引导限定性定从N + that + 不完整句子作从句的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.what = all that; the thing that; the person thatwhat + 不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. ____it turned out, it was Italian movie.A What____ it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词___ + 不完整句子n A what Xvt /介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，___ + 不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat与how的区别I don’t know what to do .I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of __A__ to do about it.A.whatB.how介词短语在句中的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2)作定语n + 介短3）作表语系+介短4）与vi连用形成固搭wh-ever 与no matter wh- 区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens, don’t panic.转折连词---找逗号“但是”however让步连词---找公式“无论如何”However, ,however,公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about B___ they might control the experiences of children to produce responsible and productive adults.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.howeverif与whether的区别if 条件状从“如果”/宾从“是否”whether 让步状从“无论是否”名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位从）“无论是否”whether…or not/…or...We know, however, __D__ no two places are exactly the same.A)although B)whetherC)since D)that定语从句：限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句两步解题法1.抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2.抓关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词：关系代词--作主、宾、表、定语关系副词--作状语e.g. This is the house ____①I once lived.②I once visited.①where / in which②that / which / XThis is the very house _that/x___ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day ___①I met him.②I spent with him.①when / on which②that / which / XI’ll never forget the very day _that/x__ I spent with him.地点N where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间N when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表词___ + 句子A whatB whichC that词，___ + 句子A whatB whichC thatN 介词+ which+主+谓+宾介词+ whom+主+谓+宾The food __on _ which he depends is expensive.We need a chairman ___in__ whom we have confidence.have confidence inbe confident ofWe were struck by the extend _to__ which the teacher’s decision served the interests of the school rather than those of the students.I listen to what he said.…set at ___C__ they would be if ….A whichB thatC whatD whoAs ①固定搭配②介词与like区别③原因状从④比较状从⑤方式状从⑥让步倒装⑦时间状从⑧定语从句as引导的限定性定语从句such…as (不完整句子)the same…as(不完整句子)注意与such …that区别such …that(完整句子)e.g. It wasn’t such a good dinner _B__ she had promised us.A.thatB.asC.whichD.whatpromise to do/promise sb sthe.g. There was such a long line at the exhibition _A___ we had to wait for about an hour.A.thatB.asC.soD.hencewait for me for a long timee.g. It is language _B___ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world.A.whatB.thatC.aswhose 表所属关系“…的”n + （,）whose + n.I know a girl whose name is Mary.I like the room whose window faces the south.The book, the cover _B__ is broken, isn’t mine.A whose B. of whichThe book , __A__ cover is broken, isn’t mine.A.whoseB.of which名从、定从真题练习04年43.The government has promised to do ________ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.[A]however[B]whichever[C]whatever[D]wherever03年43.Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.[A]where [B] of whose[C]whose[D]which51.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.[A]which[B]it[C]that[D]what52.He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.[A]which[B]that[C]who[D]whom02年44.Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?[A]by which [B] that [C] in where [D] where45.We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ___should make great differences in our life next summer.[A]which[B]what[C]that[D]they01年42.Even as a girl, ______ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.[A]performing by Melissa were[B]it was known that Melissa’s performances were[C]knowing that Melissa’s performances were[D]Melissa knew that performing was44.There is no doubt ______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.[A]why [B] that[C]whether [D] when45.Intellect is to the mind ______sight is to the body.[A]what [B] as[C]that [D]like08年53.Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what62.Quality is ____ counts most.A.whichB.thatC. whatD.where09年56.I was very interested in _____ she told me.A.all thatB.all whichC.all whatD.that10年54.After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A.thatB.itC.whatD.there11年63.There is no doubt ________ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.when参考答案：C.C. A. B. D A.D. B. A. D. C.A. C. B.状语从句状语从句让步状从although though even if / thougheven adv.Even 句子，句子XEven they get the answers right, some are just guessing. Xas引导的让步倒装adj.adv.n (无冠词) as + 主+谓分词短语表让步Although/Though 句首While 表转折but 句中当……时候46.____C__ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.[A]As long as[B]As[C]While[D]Evenwh-ever 与no matter wh- 区别让步、名从让步whether…or not/or省略whether倒装Whether he is busy or free, he still keeps on studying English.Be he busy or free, he still keeps on studying English.42.____D____, I’ll marry him all the same.[A]Was he rich or poor [B] Whether rich or poor[C]Were he rich or poor [D] Be he rich or poordespite = in spite of介词介短条件状从if与whether的区别unless = if…notas long as=so long ason condition thatin the event that42.This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___B___ left untreated.[A]after[B]if[C]since[D]unlessprovided (that)= providing (that)= suppose (that)= supposing (that)__B_ I have enough money, I’ll visit Europe next year.A.ImagineB.SupposeC.ProvideD.Givein case：主+ do/does主+ should doin case of时间状从when while as 区别（2）Hardly haveScarcely+has+主+ done + whenhadhave（3）No sooner+has+主+ done + thanhad60.The couple had no sooner got to the station __D___ the coach left.A.whenB. asC.untilD.thanThis means that no sooner has he got used to one routine (33)______D__ he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.33.[A] as[B]when[C]then[D]thanas soon as=the instant=the minute=the momentby the timeevery time each timesince (自从)过去时间点主+ have/has –ed + since过去时句子till/until not …untilonce ①adv “曾经”②连词“一旦”before after then结果状从目的状从so…that with the result thatsuch…that so thatso that in order thattherefore consequently thus so原因状从because = in thatsince = now thatas forbecause of due toowing to thanks to54.Men differ from animals _C___ they can think and speak.A.for whichB. for thatC.in thatD.in which地点状从where wherever anywhere somewhereStay where you are.注意与定语从句的区别This is the house where I once lived.注意when引导的时间状从与定从的区别I’ll never forget the day when I met him.08年56.I enjoyed myself so much _B.____ I visited my friend in Pairs last year.A thatB whenC whereD which比较状从as…as, thanas … as possible = as … as one canthan：比较状从定语从句比较级+ than + 完整句子He ran faster than I did.比较级+ （n）+ than + 不完整句子方式状从as just asI have changed it as you suggested.注意与非限定性定语从句的区别I have changed it, as you suggested.41.She did her work ___A____ her manager had instructed.[A]as[B]until[C]when[D]though状从真题练习07年51.There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it.[A]than[B]like[C]as[D]so61.The research requires more money than _____.[A]have been put in[B]has been put in[C]being put in[D]to be put in04年49.The experiment requires more money than____.[A]have been put in[B]being put in[C]has been put in[D]to be put in06年51.__________ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.［A］Although ［B］Whatever［C］As ［D］However03年45.—Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.[A]for[B]as[C]to[D]so49.____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.[A]As mush as[B]So much[C]How much[D]Much as08年55.____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much60.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A.it could beB.could beC.it wasD.was09年54._____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However08年56.I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where01年49.Barry had an advantage over his mother ______ he could speak French.[A]since that [B] in that[C]at that[D]so that参考答案：C.B. C.D. D. D.B. A. A. A. B.虚拟虚拟语气与情态动词1.if引导的虚拟语气（1）省略if 的虚拟倒装※had + 主语（not ）done ※should + 主语 + do ※were +主语+ to do （2）含蓄虚拟without = but forwith（3）错综（混合）虚拟2.其他形式虚拟（1）wish / wished①过去式主 ②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done （2）as if / as though①过去式主 ②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done （3）if only①过去式主②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done（4）would rather = ’d rather 主①过去式②had done /would/could + have donewould rather do / not do(5)用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的名词性从句中that + 主语+（should）do+（should）be done两步解题方法：①圈出标志词（表建议、命令、要求的词）②选出动词原形suggest/-ed/-ion propose/-d/-sal order/-ed ask/-ed require/-d/-ment request/-eddesire/-d/-rable demand/-ed command/-edinsist/-ed/-ent/-ence recommend/-ed/-ation move/motion urge/-ent direct/-edadvise/-ce/-able important vitalessential necessary imperative（6）It's/was + timehigh time+that +主+ didabout time（7）lest (that)for fear that+主语+ should + do(in case)in case 主+ do/dose主+ should do（8）跳层虚拟真实，otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟，but + 真实真实—过去时/ must have done虚拟—would / could + have done3.情态动词+ have donemust + have donecan / could + have donemay / might + have doneshould / ought to + have doneshouldn't / oughtn't to + have doneneedn't + have donemust: 表命令“必须”表推测“一定”need: 情态动词“必要”+ do实义动词“需要”+ to doneed doing = need to be done虚拟语气真题14年51.It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.A.is examiningB.will examineC.examinesD.examine55.Which of the following sentences indicatesPOSSIBILITY?A.The moon cannot always be at the full.B.You cannot smoke inside the building.C.He cannot come today.D.She cannot play the piano.13年54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?B.She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.63.If it ____ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained12年54.My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A.be sentB.were sentC.were to be sentD.must be sent11年61.It's getting late. I'd rather you _______ now.A.will leaveB. are leavingC.leaveD.left10年52.Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She __________ by bus.A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone60.It is necessary that he ___ the assignment without delay.A.hand inB.hands inC.must hand inD.has to hand in09年52.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A.could have beenB.would beC.will beD.would have been53.She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A.had beenB.must beC.has beenD.must have been61.Aren’t you tired? I ___ you had done enough for today.A.should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC.might have thoughtD. could have thought08年52.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A.would be gettingB.could have gotC.must getD.would get65.Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight o'clock.D.You must complete the reading assignment on time.07年54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.[A]had received[B]received[C]should receive[D]were receiving60.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.[A]had had [B] has [C] had [D] would have65.It is absolutely essential that William ________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.[A]will continue[B]continued[C]continue[D]continues06年52.If only I ____._____ play the guitar as well as you!［A］would ［B］could［C］should ［D］might54.It’s high time we __________ cutting down the rainforests.［A］stopped ［B］had to stop［C］shall stop ［D］stop59.It is imperative that the government _______ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.［A］attracts ［B］shall attract［C］attract ［D］has to attract05年51.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.[A]would be[B]will have been[C]was[D]were60.That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.[A]betrayed…take[B]had betrayed…took[C]has betrayed…took[D]has betrayed…take63.__ you ____ further problems with your printer,contact your dealer for advice.[A]If, had[B]Have, had[C]Should, have[D]In case, had04年46.It is imperative that students ______ their term papers on time.[A]hand in[B]would hand in[C]have to hand in[D]handed in02年50._______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.[A]Had it not been[B]Hadn’t it been[C]Was it not[D]Were it not51.“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I don’t know. But it’s about time ___on something.”[A]I’d decide[B]I decided[C]I decide[D]I’m deciding00年48.You _______ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.[A]needn’t have told[B]needn’t tell[C]mustn’t have told[D]mustn’t tell49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ______ quite such a crowd of people there.[A]weren’t[B]hasn’t been[C]hadn’t been[D]wouldn’t be参考答案：D A A A A D A A B D A D B A C C B A C A B C A A B A C时态、语态时态、语态常考时态、语态1.现在完成进行时have/has been doing（1）表示一个动作发生在过去，一直延续下去（2）现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别①现在完成时表动作已经完成；现在完成进行时表动作还在继续②现在完成时表动作已经一次性完成；现在完成进行时表动作反复发生③如果动作表示状态，应用现在完成时2.进行时be + doing①表示正在进行的动作②即将发生的动作③与always, for ever, constantly，continually等adv连用,表示说话人的某种情绪How can I ever concentrate if you _C__ continually ___ me with silly questions?A.have, interruptedB.had, interruptedC.are, interruptingD.were, interrupting3.表示将来的一般现在时①在时间状从和条件状从中②表计划好、安排好的事情be to do时态、语态真题练习13年58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B.The President is coming to the UN next week,C.The school pupils will be home by now.D.He is going to email me the necessary information.07年55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.[A]to start[B]to have started[C]to be starting[D]to have been starting58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.[A]arise[B]will arise[C]arose[D]have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.[A]had found [B] finds[C]has found [D] would find05年54.J ames has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.[A]will come[B]was coming[C]had been coming[D]came55._________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.[A]I was and always will be[B]I have to be and always will be[C]I had been and always will be[D]I have been and always will be02年43.For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.[A]had been pointing [B] have been pointing[C]were pointing[D]pointed08年63.In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.A.would makeB.had madeC.madeD.makes参考答案：C B B A B D B D反意问句反意问句前肯，后否前否，后肯否定形式：no not never little few seldom scarcely hardly rarely祈使句祈使句否定，will you?祈使句肯定, won’t you?句子的主语是this, that, these, those时，反意问句的主语为it, theyThis is a book, ______?复合句中的反意问句，有两种情况：①反意问句的主语应与主句主语一致Mary said her son would come, ___________?②主句的主语是I/We，谓语是think/believe/suppose时，反意问句主语应与从句主语一致I don’t think he’ll come, ________?there be结构的反意问句，反意问句主语用thereThere used to be…, didn’t there?There used to be…, usedn’t there?反意问句真题练习10年57.She seldom goes to the theatre, __________?A.doesn't sheB.does sheC.would sheD.wouldn't she08年58.When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, ____?A.do youB.don't youC.will youD.won't young与11年54题考一样06年65.There used to be petrol station near the park,______ ?［A］didn’t it ［B］doesn’t there［C］usedn’t it ［D］didn’t there03年53.She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?[A]hadn’t she[B]hasn’t she[C]woul dn’t she[D] didn’t she00年44.Do help yourself to some fruit, ______ you?[A]can’t[B]don’t[C]wouldn’t[D]won’t参考答案：B C D C D形容词、副词adj / adv比较结构倍数表达法：基数词+timesonce twice three times分数表达法：分子用基数，分母用序数；分子大于1，分母+S2/3 two-thirds倍数在句中的应用※主+谓+倍数/分数+as + adj + as※主+谓+倍数/分数+the size (amount /length /price…) of※主+谓+倍数/分数+adj/adv比较级+than※increase/decrease by+倍数/分数具有比较意义的adj两个特点：（1）不能与more，-er连用（2）不能与than连用, 只能与to连用superior to inferior tosenior to junior toprior to = before sensitive tosecond to preferable to含有最高意义的adjabsolute unique round right wrong correct perfect outstanding结构：be + of + a + nbe + much + of + a + nbe + more + of + a + n + thanbe + as + much + of + a + n + asadj / adv 比较级、最高级用法一些特殊的比较结构①the more…, the more…“越…越”e.g. The harder you study, the more progress you’llmake.②(not) so/as…as“如同…一样，不如…”e.g. It is not so/as good as it looks.③the same…as / the same as “和…一样”e.g. She looks just the same as before.I got the same feeling as you did.④no more A than BA not…any more than B“正如A不能…B也不能”；“和…一样不”A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.no less…than “不比…差”⑤not A so much as Bnot so much A as Bnot more …A than B“与其说A不如说B”；“是B，而不是A”He is not so much a writer as a reporter.形容词、副词真题练习14年62.Which of the following italicized parts modifies anadverb?A.I rather like my teacher.B.That was a very funny film.C.Do it right now.D.We walked about 6 miles.11年56.Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A.The city is now ten times its original size.B.I wish I had two times his strength.C.The seller asked for double the usual price.D.They come here four times every year.09年55.A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A.the price of three timesB.three times the priceC.as much as the three times priceD.three times more than the price08年64.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A./B.that ofC.which isD.of07年51.There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it.[A]than [B] like [C] as[D]so57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.[A]that [B] as [C] so [D]very11年57题、99年45题考的一样62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.[A]no more[B]not more[C]even more[D]much more06年64.It was __________ we had hoped.［A］more a success than［B］a success more than［C］as much of a success as［D］ a success as much as05年59.Do you know Tim’s brother? He is ____ than Tim.[A]much more sportsman[B]more of a sportsman[C]more of sportsman[D]more a sportsman04年41.That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his l oudness ________ by his lack of talent.[A]so much as[B]rather than[C]as[D]than01年48.He was ______to tell the truth even to his closest friend.[A]too much of a coward[B]too much the coward[C]a coward enough[D]enough of a coward参考答案：C B B A C C B C B A A非谓语to do / not to do 非谓语 doing / not doingdone形式（时态、语态）注意：①to do 一般式表示动作与主句的谓语动作同时发生。
英语专业四级语法专题讲解
英语专业四级语法专题讲解英语专业四级考试对于语法知识的要求非常高，只有掌握了扎实的语法基础，才能够在考试中取得好成绩。
本文将针对英语专业四级考试中常见的语法问题进行分析和讲解，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
一、时态时态是英语语法中的基础知识，常出现在四级考试的试题中。
英语中常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等，每种时态都有其特定的用法和表示方式。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，也可以表示客观事实等。
例句1：I usually get up at 7 o'clock in the morning.例句2：Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句1：I watched a movie last night.例句2：He lived in Paris for two years.3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
例句1：I will visit my grandparents next weekend.例句2：She is going to travel around the world after graduation.4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
例句1：They are studying in the library now.例句2：I am reading a book at the moment.5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句1：She was cooking dinner when I arrived home.例句2：I saw him while he was walking in the park.6. 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
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Eg. This work is not as easy as you think
The more you work, the more you earn. He runs faster than i.
The room is twice as big as that one. The room is twice bigger than that one.
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一、全部倒装
1. 以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。
(1) The birds flew away. →Away flew the birds. (2) The rain came down. →Down came the rain.
2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
（1） At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. （2） Outside the classroom stood a boy. 语位于句首时
He only found it important to get along with others then. →Only then did he find it important to get along with others.
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四、连词与介词
考点聚焦一、并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore等。重点：常用的几组并列连词 1、and组表示联合关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有：both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。如： Let‟s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧 2.but组表示转折和对照关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有：however, still, yet ,while, nevertheless。如： He hasn‟t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到，不过，他可能过会儿 来。 3、or组 表示选择关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有：or else, otherwise, neither…nor, either…or等。如： We‟ll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。 4、so组 表示因果关系的连接词还有：so(that),for, therefore, thus, then等 He has broken his leg and therefore he can‟t walk.
3.强调句型的特殊疑问句：
注意1： 当强调not…until结构时，须将not until连用，后面接肯定式。 It is/was not until+时间+that…，“正是直到……才……”。 It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in.
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★特殊倒装句型：not only … but also… 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)
Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well. 考点倒装四注意： 1、as/ though从句的表语是名词，倒装后其名词前不加任何冠词 ; As he is a child---child as he is 2、if 虚拟句 Were it not...或者Had it not been..., 但不可以说 Weren‟ t it... 或者hadn‟t it been...（not 不提前）
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直到那个时候我才意识到他有什么麻烦。
强调句的考点聚焦
注意二：强调句和定语从句区分 It was in the house that he was born. 强调句
It was the house where he was born. 定语从句
区分方法：将句子中的“It was… that( when/ where)…” 结构去掉： 如若还能成完整的句子，则为强调句； 如若不能成完整的句子，则为定语从句.
★倒装考点口诀 倒装两大类，全倒部分倒； 主倒从不倒;
全倒分两种：副词、地点介短在句首;
部分倒装分六种: 1. 否定副词在句首，2. only加状在句首， 3. so ... that结构so提前，4. 承前否定/肯定neither nor/so, 5. 状语从句as/ though， 6. 省去if虚拟句
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3. 在省略if的虚拟条件从句中。
（1） Were I you, I would work hard. （2） Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. （3） Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 4、so\ neither\ nor 位于句首的情况。 1.So + 助动词 +主语 …也一样, So + 主语 + 助动词 …确实如此。 2.Neither 和 Nor 用于否定句， Neither\ Nor +助动词+主语 5、as/though引导的,名词\形容词\副词\动词+as\though+主语+其他 6、 在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首 So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.
专四小语法串讲
TEM 4
语法与词汇部分为30道试题，
约50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，
约50%为语法结构题。
专四语法重要考点
1、虚拟语气 2、情态动词 3、非谓语动词 4、复合句 5、前置与倒装
6、小语法（限定词，省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致 ，冠词，形容词及副词）
The room is twice the size of that one.
The well is three times the depth of that one. While 的总结用法：1. 当…的时候；2. 而，却；3. 趁着；4. 只要；5. 虽然，尽管。
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专四语法考点串讲之五 倒装句
3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定词时，疑 问用肯定。The plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 否定前缀不是否定句，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式 It is impossible, isn't it? 5)must在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be a doctor, isn't he? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
7、as的特殊用法。 8、从句
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专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法 内容，具体如下：
1. 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；'s 属格的各种意义； 某些以-s 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。 2. 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的 类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； some, any 和 no 的用法。 3. 代词：不定代词one, some, anyone 及不定代词one, they, we, you, he的用 法；物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 4. 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进 行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用 法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing 分词和–ing分句、 –ed分词 和 –ed分句的用法。 5. 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句 （包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。 6. 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非 限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组； 附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。
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语法回顾篇：专四语法考点
1、虚拟语气 2、情态动词
3、非谓语动词
4、复合句 5、倒装 6、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致， 冠词，形容词及副词） 7、as的特殊用法。
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八、比较状语从句 (倍数+the depth/height/width/weight of ) 1. 连接词：A. ….as…as… more…the more… B. ….adj. + -er than… C. the
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6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?