ZY 2014-12-22 英语专四语法小考点串讲
英语专四语法考试考点串讲
南信大语言与文化学院
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英语专业四级考试听写评分标准
1. 听写共分 小节；每节 分。 听写共分15小节 每节1分 小节； 2. 每节最多扣 分。 每节最多扣1分 3. 错误分两类：小错误和大错误。 错误分两类：小错误和大错误。 小错误：单词拼写错一到两个字母。 小错误：单词拼写错一到两个字母。例：steadily — staedily； harbor — ； habor； parent — parents； mouths — mouth 两个字母以下的词、标点 两个字母以下的词、 ； ； 符号、次序颠倒和大小写错误算小错。小错误扣分标准： 符号、次序颠倒和大小写错误算小错。小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出 现一次，留作总计；出现两次： 分后留作总计； 现一次，留作总计；出现两次：扣0.5分；出现三次： 扣0.5分后留作总计； 分 出现三次： 分后留作总计 出现四次： 出现四次：扣1分。 分 大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计），每个错误扣 分 大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计），每个错误扣0.5分。例： ），每个错误扣 mouth — moth；task — test； trip — trap； flee — flea；have ； ； ； ； finished — finsh（ed） （ ） 4. 重复错误，仅扣一次。 重复错误，仅扣一次。 5. 未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计 2-4个扣 分；累计 5-8个扣 分。 未扣分小错误的扣分标准： 个扣0.5分 个扣1分 个扣 个扣
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主句 与现在事 would/情态动词过去 情态动词过去 式+do 实相反
从句 were (不分人 不分人 称)/did
与过去事 would/情态动词过去 had done 情态动词过去 式+do, would/情态动 情态动 实相反 词过去式+have done 词过去式 与将来事 would/情态动词过去 情态动词过去 式+do 实相反 should们掌握的语法内容，具体如下： 专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法内容，具体如下： 1. 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；'s 属格的各种意义； 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数； 属格的各种意义； 某些以-s 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。 某些以 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。 2. 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系； 类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； 的用法。 类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； some, any 和 no 的用法。 3. 代词：不定代词 代词：不定代词one, some, anyone 及不定代词 及不定代词one, they, we, you, he的用法； 的用法； 的用法 物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 4. 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时， 行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法； 行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用 虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句， 分词和–ing分句、 –ed分词 分句、 法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing 分词和 分句 分词 分句的用法。 和 –ed分句的用法。 分句的用法 5. 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）； ）；状语从句 包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。 （包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。 6. 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句， 限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组； ）；形容词和副词的比较级 限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组； 附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。 附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。
英语专业四级真题解读(2014专用)(语法)
英语专业四级真题解读（2014专用）（语法）专四考生盆友们，备考是否已经开始？动手早的盆友，是否倘佯在题海中！`(*∩_∩*)′不管哪种情况，都要揭穿真题的真相，知其考点所在。
知己知彼、百战不殆！下面从语法方面，对题型简要分析，以抛砖引玉。
现为考生盆友整理了2011-2013年的真题。
年份语法考核点2013情态动词、代词用法、限定词用法、句子成分、句式判断、虚拟语气、构词法等2012限定词用法、情态动词、句子成分、句意理解、虚拟语气等2011定语从句、句子成分、反意疑问句、句意理解、虚拟语气等2013年51.Facing the board of directors,he didn’t deny breaking the agreement.A.himB.hisC.itD.its52.Xinchun returned from abroad a different man.The italicized part functions as a(n)in the sentence.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialplement53.Which of the following is a compound word(复合词)?A.Nonsmoker.B.MeannessC.DeadlineD.Misfit54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?［A］Lucy insisted that her son get home before5o’clock.［B］She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.［C］Walk straight ahead,and don’t turn till the second traffic lights.［D］Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55.The following determiners(限定词)can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT［A］many.［B］enough.［C］more.［D］such.56.Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?［A］She opened the door and quietly went in.［B］Think it over again and you’ll get an answer.［C］Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.［D］He is somewhat arrogant,and I don’t like this.57.Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)?［A］Much.［B］Neither.［C］One.［D］Quarter.58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT［A］Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.［B］The school pupils will be home by now.［C］The President is coming to the UN next week.［D］He is going to e-mail me the necessary information.59.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?［A］Politics are the art or science of government.［B］Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.［C］Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.［D］All the furniture has arrived undamaged.60.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?［A］The occupation of the island.［B］The law of Newton.［C］The arrival of the tourists.［D］The plays of Oscar Wilde.61.Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?［A］He is not the man to draw back.［B］Larry has a large family to support.［C］Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.［D］There is really nothing to fear.62.Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?［A］I wish you could stay behind.［B］You will mind your own business!［C］Come and have dinner with us.［D］Let me drive you home,shall I?63.If it tomorrow,the match would be put off.［A］was to rain［B］were to rain［C］was raining［D］had rained64.Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?［A］Mary and her son must be home by now.［B］Careless reading must give poor results.［C］He must be working late at the office.［D］It’s getting late,and I must leave now.65.The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词)EXCEPT［A］remain.［B］turn.［C］write.［D］knock.51.［B］代词用法题。
英语专业四级考试语法精讲[1]
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英语专业四级考试—语法精讲虚拟语气第一部分：概述虚拟语气类型（宾语从句；状语从句；名词性从句（主语从句，同位语从句，表语从句）；定语从句；特殊类型（感叹句）；省略if 的虚拟法（倒装））ExamplesThe rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society.I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.I wish that I were a student again.I wished that I had followed his suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)同位语从句(The +n. that )表语从句(n. +be that)省略if 的虚拟法（倒装）(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if / whether 省略，从句中需要倒装，提前助动词(系动词）或情态动词。
Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting.=Should it rain tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.省略if 的虚拟法（倒装）(2)Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.=Had she been given more information, she could have answered the questions.第二部分详解&总结虚拟语气的动词标志―insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move,urge, recommend, command, order‖等动词表“建议、愿望”时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
专四语法点讲解2
二、不定式
1.不定式做主语 (1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主 语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格 行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑 主语则由of引导：
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。 如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. (3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末 尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语 气。 常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如： Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等 名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括： way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。如： I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem. (5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如： Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.
专四语法考点串讲状语从句
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五大考点
• ⑴ when VS while VS as • When 当….的时候 • While 当…的时候 ；趁着…时候 • As 当….的时候 ；随着…
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• ⑵ till / until “直到….为止”
• Eg. Mother waited for Tom till/ until it was far into the night. ( 持续性动词)
考试聚焦
• 考点一、Because VS since VS for • Because: 表示“因为”，表示直接的或明确
的原因; • Since: 表示“既然”， 表示已知或显然的原
因; • for : 不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是
用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充 解释、说明，不放在句首。
• 用于句首要求倒装
• Eg. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
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几种特殊句型结构的区别
• （1）It is/was + 时刻 + when从句“某事发生时是 什么时候。”
• （2）It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句“自 从……以来有多长时间了。”
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• 考点三：Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
• Eg. Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
• 考点四：no matter +疑问词相当于疑 问词+ever: 不管…都…
2014英语专四词汇与语法部分讲解
64. Fool _____ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing. A. who B. as C. that D. like as 倒装。尽管Micheal 很蠢，但他也不可能做出这样的事。
when you go to a school.
57. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? A. He was reading Mary's letter in the room. B. You can buy men's shoes in this shop. C. Mrs. Blake's passport was lost. D. The enemy's defeat brought the war to an end.
means
A. sick
B. inactive C. dizzy
D. drowsy
sluggish:行动迟缓的，反应慢的，不机警的；inactive：懒散的，不活跃的；dizzy:
头晕的；drowsy:昏昏欲睡的，沉寂的，催眠的。
71. The family of the victim had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial.
专四英语语法考点串讲 高清版
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ton ti
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7991.ereh
eht gnirud ekoms ___ sregnessap taht dednemmocer saw tI .1 相的导引 ti 及句从的导引 dnamed ,tseuqer ,eriuqer ,ksa ,esoporp ,esivda ,tseggus ,dnammoc ,redro ,tsisni 如词动等令命 、求要 、议建示表 �2 点考 desirprus uoy ereW .B desirprus eb uoy dluoW .A 。形原词动+)dluohs�用语谓�句从词容形和词名、词分的应
小语法
专四语法考点串讲之六小语法点一、反义疑问句的考点聚焦：1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I am a student, aren’t I2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, ma y I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impossible, isn't it?5)must在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?7) 复合句的反疑疑问句A .带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?B上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
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Eg. This work is not as easy as you think
The more you work, the more you earn. He runs faster than i.
The room is twice as big as that one. The room is twice bigger than that one.
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一、全部倒装
1. 以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。
(1) The birds flew away. →Away flew the birds. (2) The rain came down. →Down came the rain.
2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
（1） At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. （2） Outside the classroom stood a boy. 语位于句首时
He only found it important to get along with others then. →Only then did he find it important to get along with others.
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四、连词与介词
考点聚焦一、并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore等。重点：常用的几组并列连词 1、and组表示联合关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有：both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。如： Let‟s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧 2.but组表示转折和对照关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有：however, still, yet ,while, nevertheless。如： He hasn‟t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到，不过，他可能过会儿 来。 3、or组 表示选择关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有：or else, otherwise, neither…nor, either…or等。如： We‟ll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。 4、so组 表示因果关系的连接词还有：so(that),for, therefore, thus, then等 He has broken his leg and therefore he can‟t walk.
3.强调句型的特殊疑问句：
注意1： 当强调not…until结构时，须将not until连用，后面接肯定式。 It is/was not until+时间+that…，“正是直到……才……”。 It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in.
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★特殊倒装句型：not only … but also… 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)
Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well. 考点倒装四注意： 1、as/ though从句的表语是名词，倒装后其名词前不加任何冠词 ; As he is a child---child as he is 2、if 虚拟句 Were it not...或者Had it not been..., 但不可以说 Weren‟ t it... 或者hadn‟t it been...（not 不提前）
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直到那个时候我才意识到他有什么麻烦。
强调句的考点聚焦
注意二：强调句和定语从句区分 It was in the house that he was born. 强调句
It was the house where he was born. 定语从句
区分方法：将句子中的“It was… that( when/ where)…” 结构去掉： 如若还能成完整的句子，则为强调句； 如若不能成完整的句子，则为定语从句.
★倒装考点口诀 倒装两大类，全倒部分倒； 主倒从不倒;
全倒分两种：副词、地点介短在句首;
部分倒装分六种: 1. 否定副词在句首，2. only加状在句首， 3. so ... that结构so提前，4. 承前否定/肯定neither nor/so, 5. 状语从句as/ though， 6. 省去if虚拟句
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3. 在省略if的虚拟条件从句中。
（1） Were I you, I would work hard. （2） Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. （3） Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 4、so\ neither\ nor 位于句首的情况。 1.So + 助动词 +主语 …也一样, So + 主语 + 助动词 …确实如此。 2.Neither 和 Nor 用于否定句， Neither\ Nor +助动词+主语 5、as/though引导的,名词\形容词\副词\动词+as\though+主语+其他 6、 在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首 So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.
专四小语法串讲
TEM 4
语法与词汇部分为30道试题，
约50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，
约50%为语法结构题。
专四语法重要考点
1、虚拟语气 2、情态动词 3、非谓语动词 4、复合句 5、前置与倒装
6、小语法（限定词，省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致 ，冠词，形容词及副词）
The room is twice the size of that one.
The well is three times the depth of that one. While 的总结用法：1. 当…的时候；2. 而，却；3. 趁着；4. 只要；5. 虽然，尽管。
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专四语法考点串讲之五 倒装句
3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定词时，疑 问用肯定。The plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 否定前缀不是否定句，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式 It is impossible, isn't it? 5)must在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be a doctor, isn't he? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
7、as的特殊用法。 8、从句
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专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法 内容，具体如下：
1. 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；'s 属格的各种意义； 某些以-s 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。 2. 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的 类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； some, any 和 no 的用法。 3. 代词：不定代词one, some, anyone 及不定代词one, they, we, you, he的用 法；物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 4. 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进 行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用 法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing 分词和–ing分句、 –ed分词 和 –ed分句的用法。 5. 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句 （包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。 6. 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非 限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组； 附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。
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语法回顾篇：专四语法考点
1、虚拟语气 2、情态动词
3、非谓语动词
4、复合句 5、倒装 6、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致， 冠词，形容词及副词） 7、as的特殊用法。
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八、比较状语从句 (倍数+the depth/height/width/weight of ) 1. 连接词：A. ….as…as… more…the more… B. ….adj. + -er than… C. the
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6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?