高中定语从句教案

定语从句教学目标

关系代词、关系副词重点难点

教学内容一、导入

二、知识梳理

句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。

定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。 e.g.: She is a beautiful girl. (形容词beautiful做定语)

She is an English teacher. (名词English做定语)

(一)定语从句概念

定语从句用来修饰主语或宾语。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先

行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。

例如:I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.

This is the girl with whom I talked just now.

(二)关系词引导定语从句的基本规则

关系代词:that, which, who/whom, whose, as

关系副词:where, when, why

先行词是人时，关系词可以使who, whom, whose或that 先行词是物时，关系词只能是that, which或whose

当先行词在从句中作宾语时，关系词常可以省略，其他情况则不可以省略。

A( 关系代词

1. who / whom / that指代人

在从句中做主语:

The man who phoned me last night is a writer.

在从句中做宾语:

This is the girl whom / that / who I met just now.

This is the girl with whom I talked just now.

2. that/ which 指代物

在从句中做主语:

The building which/ that stands near the train station is a supermarket.

Water is a compound which/ that consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 在从句中做宾语:

The computer which/ that I wanted to buy was sold out.

These are the houses which / that our teachers live in.

3.只能用that不能用which的情况:

a. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, the one, none等不定代词以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰。

We should do all that is useful to the people.

The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.

b. 先行词被序数词，形容词最高级以及the very, the only等词修饰。

The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.

The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriend.

The best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroad.

c. 当先行词既指人又指物时。

I miss all the people and places that we visited last summer.

d. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。

Who is the man that is standing by the gate?

4.只能用which不能用that的情况

a. 引导非限定性定语从句时

You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, which is always busy at the weekend.

b. 关系代词前有介词且指事物时

This is the book about which we are talking.

c. 先行词本身就是that

What’s that which you have got in your hand?

d. 两个定语从句，一个用了that, 另一个则用which.

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

B(关系副词

关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，且在从句中分别起时间，地点和原因状语的功能。

关系副词在意义上= 介词 + which的结构

1.When ==at which, on which, in which, during which…

I’ll never forget the day when (on which) we moved into our new house.

October 1, 1949 was the day when (on which) the People's Republic of China was founded.

The year when ( in which) he went to college was 1962.

2. Where == in which, at which….

He teaches English in the school where (in which) I used to study English. This is the house where(in which) he lived last year.

3. Why ==for which

I want to know the reason why ( for which) you were absent.

I know the reason why ( for which) he came late.

4.如果关系词在从句中做主语，表语或宾语，则用that 或 which.

I want to visit the place where my mother was born.

= I want to visit the place in which my mother was born.

I still remember the years when I studied in the middle school.

= I still remember the years in which I studied in the middle school.

I don’t know the reason why he didn’t ag ree with us.

= I didn’t know the reason for which he didn’t agree with us.

5. 当先行词是the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that,

in which引导，也可省略。

I don’t like the way (that / in which) he talked to his mother.

C( 非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完

整，形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开，使用时注意以下几点:非限定性定语从句不

能用that引导，非限定性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。 E.g.: 1.The Great Wall, which winds its way across North China is a place of interest.

2.Lincoln, who led the American people those years, was shot at the theatre.

3.Mr. Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.

4.London, which stands on the River Thames, has a history of nearly two thousand years.

5.Albert Einstein, whose Theory of Relativity is well known, is the greatest scientist in the 20th century.

6.The year 1968, when (in which) the American astronauts first landed on the moon, is important in history.

D. as引导的定语从句的用法

1. as可引导限定性定语从句，用于such…as…., so….as…., the same….as… 结构中。

He bought me such a watch as was advertised in the newspaper.

注意:比较the same… as…. 和the same… that….

He bought me the same watch as I lost last week.他买了一块和我上星期丢的一样的表。(一样，但不是同一个)

He bought me the same watch that I lost last week. 他把我上星期丢的那块表又买回来了。(同一个)

2. 当非限定性定语从句的先行词不是主句中的某一个词，而是整个主句时，可以用which 或as引导。

以下情况下用as引导:

a. 从句意思为“正如/正像...一样”

b. 从句位于句首，构成以下结构:

as is well known 众所周知 as often happens 这种情况经常发生

as is often the case 情况经常这样 as is supposed 如所预料的一样

as has been pointed out 如所指出的 as has been said before 如前所说下面情况经常用which引导:

主句和从句表示因果关系。 He lost the game, which made us very disappointed.

非限定性定语从句是否定意义。He gained a big fortune, which meant nothing to him.

四、归纳总结

关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成分

who 人主，宾，表

whom 人宾

which 物主，宾，表

关系代词

that 人或物主，宾，表

as 人或物主，宾，表

whose 人或物定

where 地点状

关系副词 when 时间状

why reason 状

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II 关系副词 1. when Iwill visitmy friends at this weekend. 主谓宾 when 时间状语 2. where Iwill visitmy friends at the bus station. 主谓宾 where 3. why Iwill visitmy friends because I miss them. 主谓宾 why 分析：先行词主谓宾小结：当先行词为表示时间的名词，定语从句中不缺主语，宾语和定语时，可以考虑从句缺时间状语，用关系副词 when 作引导词。Where 和why 也是如此。

高中定语从句详细讲解讲课教案

高中定语从句详细讲解

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他就是那个在地震中幸存的男孩吗？ He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea. 他住在一座窗户朝向大海的大房子里。 I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm. 我经常回想起我的童年，那时我住在一个农场里。 Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the year. 竹子在一年四季都温暖潮湿的地方生长得好。 There are several reasons why we can't do that. 我们有好几个理由不那样做。 [名师点津] situation, case, point ，stage 等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where 引导的定语从句。 I think you've got to the point where a change is needed, otherwise you'll fail. 我认为你应该改变了，否则你会失败。 2．定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。 This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. 这是我去年参观过的山村。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待过的山村。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where 作地点状语，when 作时间状语，why 作原因状语)。 3．that 和which 引导的定语从句的区别 that 和which 都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语或宾语，但两者存在着不同：

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(完整word)高中定语从句全面详细讲解

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高中英语定语从句教案

教学过程一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解（一）定语从句定义

1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.