考研英语定语从句典型例句剖

考研英语定语从句典型例句剖
考研英语定语从句典型例句剖

考研英语定语从句典型例句剖

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考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析

1. Activelearning,inwhich studentswriteessays orperform experiments and thenhave their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficialfor those who have not yet fully learnedhow to learn.

【参考译文】积极的学习,即学生们写文章或做实验,然后让一位老师评估他们的作业,对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。

【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:Activelearning, (in whichstudents write essays or perform experimentsandthen have their work evaluated by an instructor,)isfar morebeneficialforthose whohave notyet fullylearned how tolearn.括号外的内容是主句,括号里的内容是介词+which模式的定语从句;主句的主语是Activelearning,谓语是is,表语是beneficial,far more 是状语,其中far是程度副词,相当于much,for those是状语,其后who引导的定语从句中,主语是who,谓体是have notyet fully learned,宾语结构是howto learn。括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Activelearning,由三部分构成,即or…and连接的三个并列句,第一个并列句的主语是students,谓语是write,宾语是essays,第二个并列句的谓语是perform,宾语是experiments,第三个并列句的谓语是have...evaluated,宾语是wor k,byan instructor是状语结构。

【知识链接】active积极的;essay文章;perform an experiment做实验;evalua te评估instructor指导者,老师;be beneficialfor...对……有益。

2. The American version of the"idealindividual" prefersan atmosphere of f reedom, whereneither the government nor any other externalforce orag encydictateswhatthe individual does.

【参考译文】美国版的“理想个人”更喜欢一种自由的氛围,在这种氛围中政府或者任何别的外部力量都不会强行规定个人该做什么。

【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:(The Americanversionof the"ideal indiv idual"prefers an atmosphere of freedom,)(whereneither the government norany other external force or agency dictateswhat the individualdoes.),第一部分是主句,第二部分是以where引导的非限定定语从句,修饰前面的atmosphere;主句的主语是The American version,谓语是prefers,宾语是an atmosphere,of the“idealindividual”作version的后定语,of freedom作atmosphere的后定语;第二部分的主语是由

neither...nor…or...连接的并列名词短语,谓语是dictates,宾语是what引导的从句。【知识链接】version版本;ideal理想的;prefer更喜欢,联想记忆:prefer...to...宁要……而不要……;atmosphere氛围;external外部的,联想记忆:internal内部的;agency 机构;dictate命令,强制规定。

3.Conflict,definedas oppositionamongsocial entitlesdirectedag ainsteach other, isdistinguished from competition, defined as opposition amongsocial entitlesindependently strivingforsomething whichis in inadequatesupply.

【参考译文】冲突不同于竞争,前者指彼此对立的社会群体间的对抗,后者指独自争夺匮乏资源的社会群体间的对抗。

【结构分析】该句可分为三部分:Conflict,(definedasopposition among social entities directed against eachother, )is distinguishedfrom competition,

(defined as

opposition amongsocialentities independently strivingfor something whichis ininadequate supply.),括号外的内容Conflict...isdistingui shedfrom competition是主句,Conflict是主语,is是谓语,distinguished from competition是表语;两个括号里的内容均是过去分词短语,分别作前面Conflict和competition的后置定语;第一个定

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语结构中前省略了whichis,谓语是be defined as,宾语是opposition,介词短语among socialentities作前面opposition的定语,directedagainsteachot her是过去分词+介词短语结构,作前面socialentities的定语;第二个定语结构的前半部分与第一个完全相同,strivingforsomething是现在分词短语,作social entities的定语,independently作strivefor的状语,最后的which引导somethi ng的定语从句,ininadequate supply是is的表语结构。这个句子翻译时要先译主句,然后再分别译两个后置定语结构。

【知识链接】conflict冲突;bedefined as...被定义为……;opposition对立,对抗; entities实体,群体;be directedagainst...与....对立;be distinguished from...与....不同;competition竞争;independently独立地,独自地;strivefor...追求……;sth.isinsupply供应……;inadequate不充足的,匮乏的,联想记忆:adequate充足的,充分的。

4.The resulting situation--inwhich mostpeople would notbeworking in their jobs for morethan twoor three shortdays a week--could hardly continue to be one in whichemployment was still regardedas theonly truly validformofwork.

【参考译文】最终的情形将是:大多数人在其岗位上的工作时间一周内不会超过短短的两三天,这将使得就业不再被视作唯一真正有效的工作方式。

【结构分析】该句可分为三大部分:The resultingsituation-- (in whichmos tpeople wouldnot be working intheir jobs for more than two or three sho rtdays a week)—could hardly continue tobe one(in whichemployment wasstillregarded as theonly trulyvalidform ofwork.);括号外的内容是主句,即The resulting situation...could hardly continue to beon e,其中的one指代前面的situation;两个括号里的内容均是定语从句;第一个定语从句属于介词in+关系代词which的模式,其中which指代前面的

situation,该从句的主语是employment,谓语是was regarded as,宾语是the...form ofwork;第二个括号里的定语从句与第一个定语从句的结构相同,修饰前面的one,该从句的主语是mostpeople,谓语是wouldnotbeworking,in theirjobs作地点状语,for more thantwo or three shortdays a week作时间状语。翻译时要将主句的否定词hardly后移至was和regarded as之间,才会顺畅自如。

【知识链接】resulting最终的;employment就业,联想记忆:unemployment失业;be regardedas...被认为是……;valid有效的,联想记忆:invalid无效的;form of wor k工作方式。

5.The coming ofageofthe postwarbabyboom and an entry into the male-dominatedjob markethavelimited theopportunities ofteenagers who arealready questioningthe heavy personal sacrifices involvedin climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schoolsand jobs.

【参考译文】随着战后生育高峰期出生的孩子长大成人,以及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场,限制了青少年的发展机遇。这些青少年已经开始质疑是否值得做出巨大的个人牺牲去攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯以进入好学校,找到好工作。

【结构分析】该句可拆分为两大部分:(The comingofage of the postwar babyboomand an entryinto the male-dominated jobmarket havelimited theopportunities of teenagers)(whoarealready questioning theheavypersonal sacrificesinvolvedin climbing Japan’srigid social ladder to good schools and jobs),第一部分是主句,第二部分是who引导的定语从句,修饰前面的teenagers;主句的主干结构是The coming Of age and anentry…have limite dthe opportunities ofteenagers,介词短语of the postwar baby boom和intothemale-dominated jobmarket分别作The comingof age和an entry的定语;who定语从句的主干结构是who arealreadyquestioning theheavypersonalsacrifices,过去分词involved作sacrifices的后置定语,介词短语inclimbing Japan’

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s rigid socialladder作时间状语,to good schools andjobs也是介词短语,作前面ladder的后置定语。

【知识链接】comingof age长大成人;postwar战后的,联想记忆:prewar战前的;baby boom生育高峰期(指二战后美国出现的1947—1961年婴儿出生高峰期);male-dominated男性主宰的;job market就业市场;teenagers青少年;personal sacrifice个人牺牲;rigid严格的,森严的。

6.The situationmay allchangein2008, when Kenya willbe slightly toorich to qualify for the "least-developedcountry"status that allows African producersto avoid paying stiffEuropean import duties on selected agricultural products.

【参考译文】这种状况将会在2008年彻底改变,届时肯尼亚的经济状况将稍有改善,不再具有“最不发达国家”的地位,该地位允许非洲制造商不必支付欧洲对指定农产品所征收的过高的进口关税。

【结构分析】该句可拆分为三大部分:(Thesituation may allchange in 2008,) (when Kenya will beslightly too richtoqualifyfor the"least-developed country" status)(that allowsAfricanproducers to avoid pay ing stiff European import duties on selectedagricultural products.),第一部分是主句,结构比较简单,第二部分是when引导的定语从句,修饰前面的2008,第三部分是that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的status;when定语从句的主语是Kenya,谓语是will be,表语是slightly rich,too与后面的to qualify for...构成固定结构,意为:太……而不……;that定语从句的主语是that,谓语是allows,宾语是African producers,不定式to avoid...作宾语补足语,动名词结构payingstiffEuropean import duties作avoid的宾语,介词短语onselected agricultural products作前面import duties的后置定语。

【知识链接】Kenya肯尼亚(非洲);qualify for…够资格做……;the“least-develo ped country”最不发达国家;status地位,身份;stiff严厉的,过高的;import du ty进口税;selected指定的;agriculturalproduct农产品。

二、考研英语【表语从句】典型例句剖析

1.Perhapsthe most commonly voicedobjection to volunteerpart

icipationduringthe undergraduate yearsis thatit consumes timeand energy that thestudents might otherwise devote to “academic” pursuits. 【参考译文】反对在大学期间自愿参加社会服务的最普遍的呼声也许是认为社会服务占去了学生的时间和精力,否则,学生会利用这些时间去做学术研究。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句的主干结构是:Perhaps the mostcommonly voiced objection is that...,主句的主语objection之前的the most commonlyvoiced和之后的介词短语to volunteer participation均作定语,duringtheunder-graduateyears是时间状语;that表语从句的主干结构是让consumes timeand energy(that the studentsmightotherwise devote to“academic”pursuits),其主语是it,指代前面的volunteer participation,谓语是consumes,宾语是time and energy,括号内的that引导timeandenergy的定语从句,其主语是thestudents,谓语是might otherwise devote,宾语是that,指代前面的time a ndenergy,to “academic”pur suits是介词短语,作宾语补足语,实际上,devote...to...已构成固定词组,otherwise作状语。

【知识链接】voiced说出来的;Objection to...反对……;volunteer志愿者;undergradu ate大学生;consume消耗,消费;otherwise否则,若不然;devote...to...把……奉献给;aca demic pursuits学术研究。

2. The blunt truth ofthe matter isthat human beingsare not designed fortasks which require relentless vigilance:for thesophisticatedhuman brain these are fatiguingand boring.

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【参考译文】此事说明了一个真切的道理:人类并不是生来就适合做不间断的高度警觉的工作。对于复杂的大脑来说,这些工作太乏倦无味了。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句的主干结构是:The truthis that...,that引导的表语从句的主干结构是:human beings arenotdesigned fortasks,之后的whic h引导定语从句,修饰前面的tasks,其主干结构是which require..;vigilance,r elentless是vigilance的定语;冒号后面的内容是一个独立的句子,是对前面内容的解释,其主语是these,指代前面的tasks,谓语是are,表语是fatiguing and boring, for th esophisticated human brain是介词短语,作范围状语。

【知识链接】blunt率直的,坦率的;relentless连续的,不间断的;vigilance警觉;sophis ticated复杂的;fatiguing令人疲倦的;boring乏味的。

3.All that happened is that wehave substituted identifying and labeling, which can be done very rapidly, forthe tactile sort of feel-seeingthat requires muchmoretime andconcentration.

【参考译文】所发生的一切仅仅是我们用识别和作标记替代了触觉类的感知,前者可以很迅速地完成,而后者则需要多得多的时间和专注。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可以切分为All that happened is thatwehave substitutedidentifyingand labeling,(which canbe done very rapidly,)for the tactilesort of feel-seeing (thatrequires much more time and concentration),that happened作主语All的定语从句,难点在于that引导的表语从句;该从句的主干结构是:we have substituted...for..+谓语动词have substituted...for...是固定搭配;第一个括号内是which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的identifying and labeling,第二个括号内是that引导的定语从句,修饰thetactilesort of feel—seeing。该句翻译时要先译主干结构,which定语从句和that定语从句要放在最后处理。

【知识链接】substitute...for...用……替代……;identifying识别;labeling作标记;tact ile触觉的;feel-seeing感知;concentration专注。

4.Whatwe should like to know iswhether lifeoriginated as the r esult ofsome amazing accidentorsuccession ofcoincidences, or whether it is the normal eventforinanimate matter toproducelife in due course, when the physical environment issuitable.

【参考译文】我们想知道的是生命究竟是起源于某个惊人的事件,或是一系列的巧合呢?还是当自然环境适合,无生命的物质经过相当一段时间就自然而然地产生了生命呢?

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,主干结构是:What we shouldliketo know i swhether...or whether...,What引导主语从句,whether...or whether...引导并列的表语从句;第一个表语从句的主语是life,谓语是originated,as the resultof...or...coincidence是介词短语,作originated的方式状语;第二个表语从句的主语是山指代后面的不定式toproduce...course,谓语是is,表语是the normal event;f orinanimate matter是介词短语,作范围状语;句末的when引导非限定定语从句,修饰前面的course。翻译时应将when从句置于主句的前面,这也是英译汉时常用的原则,即次要信息在前,主要信息在后。

【知识链接】originate起源;as the result of...作为……的结果;amazing令人惊奇的;accident事故,事件’succession连续;coincidence偶然事件;inanimate无生命的;due适当的,适合的;course过程;physical environment自然环境;suitabl e适当的。

5. Theproblem isthatmodernman seemsunable to redesign his institutions fast enough to accommodate the newdemands,the newintelligence,the new abilities of segments of societywhich,heretofore,have not been taken seriously.

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【参考译文】问题是,现代人似乎不能尽快及时地修正其已形成的各种习俗以适应那些迄今尚未被认真对待的、来自社会各阶层的新的需求、新的智慧和新的才干。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句的主干结构是:Theproblem is that...,难点在于that引导的表语从句。该从句也是一个主从复合句,可以切分为:modern man seems unable to redesignhis institutions(fast enough to accommodatethenewdemands,the new intelligence,the newabilitiesof segmentsofsociety)(which,heretofore,have notbeentaken seriously),括号外的内容是主句,主语是modern man,谓语是seemsunable toredesign,宾语是his institutions,his指代前面的modern man,fast enough是redesign的程度状语,to accommodate...of society是不定式,作结果状语,句末的which引导定语从句,修饰前面的并列宾语the new demands,the newintelligence, the newabilities,从句的谓语是havenot beentaken seriously, take sth.seriously是固定短语,参见知识链接,heretofore是副词,作时间状语。翻译时应将which从句转化为前置定语来处理。

【知识链接】man(单数)人类;redesign重新设计,修正;institution习俗;accommodate 适应;intelligence智慧,智商;segmentof society社会各阶层;heretofore迄今;take sth.seriously认真对待某事。

三、考研英语【主语从句】典型例句剖析

1.It is vital that economic,politicaland social conditionswhichca

nalleviate poverty be established at national andinternational levels. 【参考译文】在全国以至全球营造消除贫困的经济、政治和社会环境很重要。

[结构分析]该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+that-从句模式,即It isvitalthat...conditions be established...;It为形式主语,真正主语为that从句;主语从句的主语是economic,political and socialconditions,谓语是be established,请注意;vital后的从句中要使用虚拟语气结构,故be established前省略了should;which 引导的从句作主语conditions的后置定语,at national and international levels是介词短语,作地点状语。

【知识链接】Itis vital that...重要的是……;vital关键的,重要的;alleviate减轻,缓解;poverty贫困;establish建立;at…levels在……范围内/层次上。

2.Yet it isdoubtful whether the propositionis strong enough to bear thevastweight ofgeneralizationthat hasbeen placed on.

【参考译文】然而,这个论点是否依据充分以支持由此推导出的普遍原理,这一点值得怀疑。【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+whether从句模式,即Yet it is doubtfulwhether...isstrong...;让作形式主语,指代后面的whether从句;w hether从句中,主语是the proposition,谓语是is,表语是strong;enough是strong的状语,enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置;不定式tobear...作结果状语,修饰eno ugh,属于enough to...搭配;thathasbeen placedonit为定语从句,修饰generalization,这里的北指代前面的proposition。

【知识链接】Itisdoubtful...令人怀疑的是……;doubtful令人怀疑的;proposition 观点,论点;vast巨大的,大量的;placeweight on..强调/重视……;generalizatio n普遍原理。

3.It is incongruous thatthenumber of British institutionsoffering MBA courses has grownby254 percentduring a periodwhenthe economy has been sliding into deeper recession.

【参考译文】英国的经济一直在走下坡路,而其开设MBA课程的学校数量却上升了254%,这种情形极不相称。

【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+that---从句模式,即itis

incongruous that the number of British institutions...has grown...;it作形式主语,指代that从句,该从句的主语是thenumber of British institutions,谓语是hasgrown,现在分词短语offering …courses作British institutions的后置定语,by 254 percent作has grown的程度状语,during a period是has grown的时间状语,when引导定语从句,修饰period,intodeeper recession作状语,修饰sliding。【知识链接】incongruous不一致的,不相称的;institution机构,学校;offer提供(引申为开设课程);course课程;MBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration)工商管理硕士;slide下滑;recession衰退。

4.Itis generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.

【参考译文】人们普遍认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及日后个性的培养影响很大。【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+is+ed分词+that-从句模式,即it isgenerally acc epted that the experiences of the child...determinehischaracter and later personality;it是形式主语,指代后面的that从句,从句的主语是the experiences of th echild,谓语是determine,宾语是his characterandlaterpersonality,i nhis first years是介词短语,作前面experiences的后置定语,later为形容词,作

personality的定语。这个句子翻译时要将被动式h is generally accepted that转为主动式,这符合汉语的思维习惯,因为英文多被动,汉语多主动。

【知识链接】It is generally accepted that...人们普遍认为;in his firstyears早年;largely很大程度上;character性格;later(a山.)随后的,日后的;personality 个性。

5.Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey eachday for the dubious privilege oflivingin the country is beyond me.

【参考译文】我无法理解为什么人们情愿每天奔波四个小时以换取值得怀疑的乡村之趣。【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可以拆分为三大部分:(Why peoplearepreparedtotoleratea four-hour journeyeachday forthe dubious privilege ofliving in the country)is(beyondme);Why引导主语从句,is作谓语,beyond me作表语;主语从句的主语是people,谓体是are preparedto tolerate,a four-hour journey是宾语,介词短语for the...country作目的状语,修饰tolerate。

【知识链接】be prepared to do...愿意做……;tolerate忍受;dubious令人怀疑的;pr ivilege特权,好处;beyond sb.超出某人能力,某人不理解。

6.It hasalways been a mysteryto me why city-dwellers,who appreciatea,,these things,

obstinately pretendthat they would prefer to live in thecountry.

【参考译文】城里人喜欢城里的一切,却要执拗地装出他们喜欢住在乡村,这对我来说一直是个谜。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,主干结构是:It hasalwaysbeen a mystery...why city-dwellers...pretendthat...;it作形式主语,指代后面的why...从句,该从句的主语是city-dwellers,谓语是pretend,之后的that从句是其宾语;who...these thi ngs是非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词city-dwellers。

【知识链接】mystery神秘性,谜;city-dweller城市居民;appreciate喜欢,欣赏;obstinately固执地;prefer to do...宁愿做/更喜欢;pretend that...假装。

四、考研英语【同位语从句】典型例句剖析

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1.The factthat theapple fell downtoward the earthandnotUp intothe treeansweredthequestion hehad been askinghimselfaboutthose largerfruits Of the heavens,the moon and the planets.

【参考译文】苹果向下落到地面而不是向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对月球和行星——那些天空中更大的天体所存的疑问。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可以?切分为:The fact(that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into thetree)answeredthe question (he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of theheavens,)(the moon and th eplanets),主句的主干结构是The fact answeredthe question;第一个括号内that引导的是同位语从句,该从句的主语是theapple,谓语是fell down,and之后是谓语并列结构,有省略现象,补全后应是:and(did)not(fell)up intothe tree,toward the earth和into the tree均是介词短语,作谓语felldown的方向状语;第二个括号内是question的定语从句,前面省略了连接词that,about those larger fruitsof the heavens是介词短语,作question的后置定语;第三个括号内是并列的名词短语,作前面thoselarger fruits ofthe heavens的同位语。该句翻译时应将同位语从句tha

tthe apple...the tree先译出,再译主句。

【知识链接】fruit of the heavens天体(这里fruit为词汇活用现象);planet行星。

2.Acentury ago,Freud formulated his revolutionarytheory thatdreams were the disguised shadows of our unconsciousdesires and fears.

【参考译文】一个世纪以前,弗洛伊德阐述了他具有革命性的理论,即梦是对我们所不曾意识到的欲望和恐惧的内心深处的反映。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可拆分为两段:(A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory)(that dreams were the disguised shadows ofour unconscious desiresand fears),第一段是主句,第二段是that引导的同位语从句,修饰前面的theory;主句中Freud是主语,formulated是谓语,theory是宾语,revolutionary是theory的定语;同位语从句中,dreams是主语,were是谓语动词,shad ows是表语,disguised作shadows的定语,介词短语ofourunconscious desires and fears作shadows的后置定语,unconscious作desires andfears的定语。

【知识链接】Freud弗洛伊德(1856—1939,奥地利精神病学家,精神分析学派心理创始人);formulate形成,阐述;revolutionary革命性的;disguised伪装的,深层的;unconscious无意识的,beunconscious of...对……不了解,联想记忆:conscious有意识的,be consciousof...对……很了解,subconscious潜意识的。

3. And by the late1970s, neurologists had switched to thinkingof dreams a sjust “mentalnoise”—therandom byproducts ofthe neural-repairworkthat goeson duringsleep.

【参考译文】到了20世纪70年代末期,神经学家们转而认为梦仅仅是人们头脑中的噪音——睡眠中进行的神经修复过程中偶然产生的副产品。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可看作由两段组成:破折号之前是主句,破折号之后是一个名词短语,作前面mental noise的同位语;主句的主语是neurologists,谓语是hadswitched to,thinking ofdreams是动名词结构,作介词to的宾语,asjust“m entalnoise”是介词短语,作前面dreams的宾语补足语;同位语结构中的主干词是the random byproducts,句末的that从句作前面the neural-repair work的后定语。【知识链接】thelate1970s,20世纪?0年代末期;neurologist精神病学家;switch todoing sth./sth.转向做……;think of...as...认为……是……;mentalnoise心理噪音;random随意的,偶然的;byproduct副产品;neural—repair神经修复;goon持续。7/9页

4. Theuse ofheatpumpshasbeenheld back largely byskepticismabout

advertisers’ claimsthat heat pumps can provide asmany as two units of thermal energyfor each unit of electrical energy used,thus appar ently contradictingtheprinciple of energyconservation.

【参考译文】热泵的停用很大程度上是源于对广告商宣传的质疑。他们声称热泵每使用一个单位的电能,就能产生高达两个单位的热能,这显然与能量守恒定律相矛盾。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可切分为三大段:(Theuse of heat pumpshasbeenheld back largely by skepticism aboutadvertisers’claims)(that heat pumps can provide as many as twounitsof thermal energy f or each unit of electrical energy used,)(thus apparentlycontradicting the principleofenergyconservation),第一段是主句,第二段是that引导的同位语从句,解释claims的内容,第三段是现在分词短语,作前面provide的结果状语;主句

的主语是The use,谓语是has been held back,about advertisers’ claims为介词短语,作skepticism的后定语;同位语结构的主语是heat pumps,谓语是can provi de,宾语是two unitsof thermal energy,asmany as为同级比较短语,作twounits的定语,for...electricalenergy为介词短语,与provide…,for...构成固定搭配,used是过去分词,作前面electrical energy的后定语,electrical energy used属于名词+过去分词结构。这句话的翻译要点是:that同位语从句单独翻译,而且前面要将claim转化为动词“声称”译出。

【知识链接】heatpump热泵;holdback阻止,停用;largely很大程度上;skeptici sm怀疑;advertiser广告商;claim声称(这里活译为宣传);unit(物理学)单位;therma lenergy热能;thermal热力的,如:thermos热水瓶,thermometre温度计;contradi ct与……矛盾,违背;energy conservation能量守恒。

5. One argumentused to support the ideathatemployment will continue to be thedominant form of work, and that employment will eventuallybecome available for allwho want it,is thatworkingtime will con tinueto fall.

【参考译文】一种观点认为工作时间将会持续下降。该观点用于支持以下看法,即就业将继续是主要的工作方式;就业机会将最终提供给所有想就业敝人。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可切分为三大段:One argument (used to support the idea)(thatemploymentwill continueto be the dominant formof work,and that employmentwill eventuallybecomeavailable {or all whowantit,)isthat working time willcontinue to fall,括号外的内容是主句,比较简单:One argument...is thatworking time willcontinueto fall,其中Oneargument作主语,is是谓语系动词,that引导表语从句;第一个括号内,一定关注use d为过去分词,作argument的后置定语,to support the idea是不定式,作目的状语;第二个括号内是that...and that...引导的两个并列结构,作前面idea的同位语从句,其中第一个that从句的主语是employment,谓体是will continue to be,表语是the dominantformofwork,第二个that从句的主语是employment,谓语是will…become,表语是available,介词短语for all who want让作范围状语,实际上,available for已构成固定搭配,参见知识链接,who want it作a11的定语从句,让指代前面的employment。这句话翻译时首先要处理主句,即Oneargumentisthat working ti me willcontinue to fall,再将后置定语usedtosupportthe idea和两个that同位语从句单独翻译。

【知识链接】argument观点,论点;employment就业,联想记忆:employee雇员;employ er雇主,老板;unemployment失业;dominant主要的,统治性的;eventually最终;sth.is available for sb提供给某人某物。

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6. Deathis adramatic, one-timecrisiswhileoldage isa day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful externalandinternal forces, a bittersweetcomingto terms with one’s. own personalityand one’s life.

【参考译文】死亡是戏剧化的一次性危机,而老年却是日复一日、年复一年与强大的内外力量抗争的过程,即逐渐认识自我个性和生命的苦乐参半的过程。

【结构分析】该句可拆分为三大段:(Deathi3adramatic,one-timecrisis)(while old age is aday-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful

external and internalforces,)(abittersweet coming,toterms withone’s own personality and one’slife),第一、二段是由while连接的两个并列句,第三段是一个动名词短语,作前面confrontation的同位语;第一段中Death是主语,is是谓语,crisis是表语,dramatic,one-time均作crisis的定语,第二段中old age是主语,is是谓语,confrontation是表语,day-by-day,year-by-year均作confrontation的定语,with...forces是介词短语,作confrontation的后置定语,powerful,external,internal三词作forces的并列定语,

第三段的核心结构是coming to termswith...,with引导的介词短语作terms 的后定语。该句翻译时要将同位语结构单独作为一个句子处理。

【知识链接】dramatic戏剧性的(来自drama戏剧);one-time一次性的;crisis危机;whi le而(表转折);day-by-day日复一日的;year-by-year年复一年的;confrontation对抗,斗争(源自confront面对);external外在的,外部的(前缀ex-表“外”);internal 内在的(前缀in-表“里”),bittersweet苦乐参半的,有苦有甜的;come to terms with…与……相识,了解……,如:Helikes tocometotermswith celebrities他喜欢结交名人;personality个性。

7. Thetragedy ofoldage is notthe fact that eachofus must grow ol danddie but thatthe process ofdoing so has been madeunnecessarily and attimesexcruciatingly painful,humiliating,debilitatingand isolating throughinsensitivity,ignorance and poverty.

【参考译文】老年的悲剧并不在于我们每个人必会衰老直至死亡,而在于这样的过程由于麻木不仁、愚昧无知以及贫困潦倒而有时变得痛苦难耐、备受屈辱、心力交瘁。

【结构分析】该句的主干结构为;The tragedy...isnot the,factthat...butthat...,The tragedy是主语,is是谓语,not the fact,but...作表语,but之后省略了the fact,两个that引导的从句作the fact的同位语;第一个that从句中grow是系动词;第二个that从句的主干为:the process...has been made painful, humiliating,debilitating and isolating。painful,humiliating,debilitating,,isolat ing四个形容词作主语theprocess的补足语;through insensitivity,ignorancean dpoverty是介词短语作状语,of doing so介词短语作the process的后置定语,so指代前面的growoldand die;unnecessarilyand excruciatingly为并列副词,修饰其后的四个形容词,at times是时间状语。翻译第二个同位语从句时要把through介词短语移至前面,这是英译汉常见的变通原则。

【知识链接】tragedy悲剧,联想记忆:comedy喜剧;grow old衰老;unnecessarily不必要的;at times有时;excruciatingly难以忍受地;painful痛苦的(来自pain痛苦),联想记忆:painless没有痛苦的,毫不费力的;humiliating令人屈辱的;debilitatin g虚弱的;isolating孤独的;insensitivity麻木不仁(来自sensitive敏感的),联想记忆:sensible明智的,senseless没有道理的;ignorance无知(来自ignore忽视),联想记忆:ign orant无知的,be ignorant of...对……不了解,ignorance无知,bein ignoranceof....对……不了解;poverty贫困。

定语从句20个例句

定语从句 1. The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 你昨天错过的会议非常重要. 2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor. 正在做演讲的女孩是我们班的班长. 3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive. 我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的. 4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour. 昨天帮助了你的男孩是我的邻居. 5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in. 这正是我所感兴趣的话题. 6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity. 这是那个给我提供了宝贵机会的老板. 7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday. 我喜欢吃你昨天买的蛋糕。 8. He is the teacher who helped me.

他是那个帮助了我的老师. 9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous. 我们很喜欢那个很幽默的演讲者. 10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour. 两个女儿都是教师的那个老奶奶是我们的邻居. 11. She is the girl whom I met at the party. 她是我在派对上见过的女孩。 12. There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 13.Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 15. His father died the year when he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 你还记得加入俱乐部的那天吗?

2017考研英语高频词汇及例句汇总(十)

2017考研英语高频词汇及例句汇总(十) 考研英语中词汇是英语的基础,复习备考的过程中,考生格外注意的是英语真题的考研英语高频词汇,这样可以更好地把握考研英语复习。为大家整理的一系列关于考研英语高频单词,希望对考生有所帮助! 1. adapt vi. 适应于,适应不同情况(或环境)(to); vt. 改编,改写; 改变…以适合(for); [例句]The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change. 世界会变得不同,我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。 2. additional adj. 补充; 额外的,附加的; 另外的,追加的; 外加; [例句]The US is sending additional troops to the region. 美国正向该地区增兵。 3. aggressive adj. 侵略的,侵犯的,攻势的;(美)有进取心的,积极行动的; 有进取心的,有闯劲的; 好争斗的,借故生端的,爱打架的,要打架的;

[例句]Some children are much more aggressive than others. 一些孩子比其他孩子更好斗。 4. amateur n. 业余爱好者; 外行,生手; adj. 外行的; 业余的,非职业的; [例句]Jerry is an amateur who dances because he feels like it. 杰里是个业余跳舞爱好者,他跳舞是因为自己喜欢。 5. analysis n. 分析,分解; 梗概,要略; [数] 解析; 验定; [例句]Her criteria defy analysis. 她的标准让人搞不明白。 6. apply vt. 申请; 涂; 应用,运用; 敷(药); vi. 申请,请求,适用; 适用,适合; 专心致志; [例句]I am continuing to apply for jobs. 我正在继续找工作。

定语从句详解 例句(精品)

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This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注:why时常也可以省略。如: That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或 宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只

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