中考英语专题讲练 不定代词(含解析)
不定代词
不定代词
知识精讲
一、不定代词的定义：
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。
二、一般不定代词及用法
1. some/any
含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
区别：
1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。例：
I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.
2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。
Would you like some coffee?
You may come at any time.
2. many/much
“许多”区别例句
many +可数名词How many people are there at the meeting?
much +不可数名词How much time has we left?
注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。如：
There are too many mistakes in your diary.
So many people are waiting for the bus.
Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.
3. few/a few/little/a little
例：
He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4. both, either, neither, all, every, none
5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”
例：
I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.
I don’t like this green penc il, please give me another one.
In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.
There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.
三、复合不定代词及用法
1. 复合不定代词的构成：复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。
注意：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。如：
something important一些重要的事
There’s nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里没有其他的东西了。
2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。
Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗？
He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。
3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用，相当于no-类的复合不定代词。
There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。
4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句，不能回答how many引导的疑问句。
---Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这个问题的答案。
---No one. 没有人知道。
5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。
Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。
Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。
6. –one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-‘s构成所有格。
He just found someone’s wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。
三点剖析
一、重难点：
1. 在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。如：
There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.
这个瓶子里一点水都没有。
2. some用于可数名词单数前，表示“某个”。
Some careless man has taken my umbrella.
某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。
3. everyone意为“人人、每人”，只指人，不指物，其后不能跟of短语；every one意为“每个”，可以指人，也可以指物，后面可以跟of短语。与every搭配的不定代词后，谓语用单数形式。
Everyone in the class passed the math exam.这次数学考试班上人人都及格了。
Every one of us must study hard.我们中每一位都必须努力学习。
二、易错点：
1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some.
Would you like some dessert? 你要吃些甜点吗？
2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非......都......”。如：
Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是医生。
3. each 表示“每一”，可以跟单数可数名词，也可以单独使用。each强调个体，可以用于两者之间，可以用于三者或三者以上之间，可以和of连用。在句中可以作主语、宾语或同位语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each student can spend 10yuan.每个学生能花10元钱。
Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。
题模精选
题模一：一般不定代词
例1.1.1选择括号内所给不定代词填空。
I have many apples. I can give you _________. ( any, some )
例1.1.2用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ---Can you speak Japanese or English? ---_________, I can only speak Chinese.
2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _________ of them are Young Pioneers.
题模二：复合不定代词
例1.2.1________is in the classroom. They are all on the playground. A．Everybody B．Somebody
C．Anybody D．Nobody
例1.2.2Please be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you.
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
随堂练习
随练1.1选用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The film is not interesting. _________ people like it.
2. I can lend you my new radio, but you mustn’t lend it to _________.
3. Since _________ is here, let’s begin our meeting.
4. My uncle and aunt are _________ good at boating.
5. The nurse gave the children two oranges _________.
随练1.2Bill has two daughters, and _________of them are workers.
A．all B．both C．every D．each
随练1.3There are still ______ apples here. We needn’t go shopping now.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
随练1.4I invited four teachers and ____ can come. That’s great.
A．all B．both C．any D．none
随练1.5______ from your office phoned you. Here is the message.
A．Somebody B．Nobody
C．Anybody D．Everybody
随练1.6We've got two foreign teachers. One is from America, ______is from Canada. A．another B．other
C．the other D．others
自我总结
课后作业
作业1选择括号内所给不定代词填空。
1. Is there _________ meat in the fridge? ( any, some )
2. If you have _________ questions, please ask me. (any, some )
3. There is _________ water in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little )
4. He has _________ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few )
5. Could you lend me _________ money? ( some, any )
6. _________ of them is good at English. ( Both, Neither )
7. My parents are _________ doctors. ( all, both )
8. The glass is broken. Give me _________ one. ( the other, another )
9. You can have one apple _________, boys. ( every, each )
10. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another )
11. He is not busy. He has _________ to do. ( something, nothing )
12. Be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you. ( something, anything )
13. If you need an eraser, I’ll lend you _________. (some, one )
14. Listen! _________ is singing in the next room. ( Someone, Anyone )
15. Would you like _________ more rice?
16. _________ of us is afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one )
作业2I’m the only child in my family. I don’t have ______ brothers or sisters.
A．some B． someone
C．any D．anyone
作业3Come here, Lily. I want to show you______ interesting.
A．something B．nothing
C．anything D．everything
作业4I don’t like the color of this dress. Could you please show me________ one. A．other B．others
C．the other D．another
作业5There is ________ water in the glass. Let’s go and get some.
A．few B．much C．many D．little
作业6
—Can you speak Chinese, Peter?
—Yes, but only_______.
A．few B．little
C． a few D． a little
作业7_________of my parents used to play tennis a few years ago.
A．Both B．All
C．Either D．Each
作业8I’ve got two sisters. One is a doctor, __________ is a teacher.
A．other B．the other
C．others D．another
作业9
— Mum, I want_______ of these two dresses.
— Sorry. You can only buy one of them.
A．all B．none C．some D．both
作业10We couldn’t have dinner in the hotel because____ of us had money with us. A．none B．no one
C．nothing D．all
作业11
—There’s _____ wrong with my chair. Can you mend it?
—No problem.
A．something B．nothing
C．everything D．anything
答案解析
不定代词
题模精选
题模一：一般不定代词
例1.1.1
【答案】some
【解析】考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。句意：我有很多苹果。我可以给你一些。陈述句，表示“一些”，故选some。
例1.1.2
【答案】 1. Neither 2. All
【解析】考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握。
题模二：复合不定代词
例1.2.1
【答案】D
【解析】考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。由后句“他们都在操场上”可知，前句为“没有人在教室”，故选D。
例1.2.2
【答案】A
【解析】考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。根据句意，“请安静”可知是有一些重要的事要说。something“一些”，故选A。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】 1. Few 2. others 3. everybody 4. both 5. each
【解析】本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。
随练1.2
【答案】B
【解析】考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。无every of用法，先排除C，each of 强调个体，谓语动词常为单数；all通常指代三者个以上；根据题意只有both符合要求，指代的是“两者都”，故选B。
随练1.3
【答案】
【解析】根据apples及句意属于肯定可知。
随练1.4
【答案】A
【解析】不定代词，句中four teachers为3个可知用all。
随练1.5
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词。由句意可知应选somebody表“某人”含义，nobody（没有人），anybody（任何人，everybody(每人)均不符。
随练1.6
【答案】C
【解析】考查了固定搭配。one…the other…一个…, 另一个…。故选C。
作业1
【答案】 1. any 2. any 3. a little 4. few
5. some
6. Neither
7. both
8. another
9. each 10. the other 11. nothing 12. something
13. one 14. Someone 15. some 16. None
【解析】本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。
作业2
【答案】C
【解析】否定句中用any。
作业3
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词。故选A.
作业4
【答案】D
【解析】不定代词，another两者中的另一个。
作业5
【答案】D
【解析】代词，根据题意可知表示没有水了，故用little。
作业6
【答案】D
【解析】代词辨析，根据Chinese属于不可数名词及句意肯定，可知用a little，故选项D正确。
作业7
【答案】A
【解析】考查了代词的用法。both of…两者都…。故选A。
作业8
【答案】B
【解析】考查了固定句型。on e…the other…, 一个…另外一个。故选B。
作业9
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词，both用于肯定两者。
作业10
【答案】A
【解析】代词，根据前句couldn’t have dinner可知后句表示“无人”，none of…做主语，no one不加of。故选项A正确。
作业11
【答案】A
【解析】考查句型。There’s something wrong with sth.故选A。
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2020年中考英语阅读理解专题练习《热点话题》(含答案)
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中考英语代词专题训练答案
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