非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点

一、规律方法

1．考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。

2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。

二、命题趋势

不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。

三、突破方法

1．非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：

①具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。

②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。

③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。

一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。

④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。

2．理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别；不定式、分词作补语的区别；不定式、分词作状语的区别；独立主格的用法；不定式、分词作定语的区别。

四、非谓语题的解题总方法

1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，

那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。

2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；

3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句

子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。

4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答

案一般用形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用形式。

5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式

（），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（/ / / / ）。

. 1 , .

A. B. C. D. 【1答案：B】

五、非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点

一) 使用非谓动词的语言结构。

1）在“句子, +句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。

2 .

3. .

A. B. C. D. 【2、3答案：】

2）在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语。

4. , .

A. B. C. D. 【4答案：C】

3）在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：

5. , I .

A. B. C. D. 【5答案：B】

4) 在“+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：

6. , ’s .

A. B. C. D. 【6答案：D】

7. a , .

A. B. C. D. 【7答案：B】

5）在…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。

8. .

9. .

A. B. C. D. 【8、9答案：A B】

10. ’s .

A. B. C. D. 【10答案：B】

二) 非谓语动词考点易错点：

1）表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：

11. , .

A. B. C. D. 【11答案：C】

12. a , .

A. ;

B. ;

C. ;

D. ; 【12答案：A】

13. , ’t ’s .

A. B. C. D. 【13答案：B】

14. a .

A. B. C. D. 【14答案：C】

2) 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：

15. a , a .

A. B. C. D. 【15答案：C】

(的后面加衣服；表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；是固定搭配，其中的已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是 a 省略而来的。)

16. a , , .

A. B. C. D. 【16答案：D】

（是动词，这里应该用; 作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）

3）在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：

17. , a a .

A. B. C. D. 【17答案：D】

（在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）

18. , a .

A. ;

B. ;

C. ;

D. ; 【18答案：B】

（用开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式；与是动宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词.）

19. , I .

A. B. C. D . 【19答案：A】

（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。）

20. , .

A. B. C. D. 【20答案：B】

（20解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。）

4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：

逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”

21. , a a .

A. B. C. D. 【21答案：C】

｛21解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语就要做其逻辑主语，由于与是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。｝

22. , I' . 【22答案：C】

A. B. C. D. 's

｛22 解析：与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，自带了逻辑主语(“时间允许的话”)，而与为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的独立结构。｝

三）注意的几点：

1）有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。

23. , Hunan . 【23答案C】

24. , .【24答案B】

A. B. C. D.

｛23、24解析：23题中的是一个动词，由于与是逻辑上的主谓关系，我们用现在分词形式，；24题中实际上考查了这一固定搭配，其中的看成形容词。｝

25. Libya, .

26. Libya, .

A. B. C. D. 【25选B 26选C】

｛25、26解析：25题考查了动词.(旨在做某事)，；26题考查固定搭配. (旨在做某事)其中的看成形容词｝

27. , a .

28. , a .

29. , a .

A. B. C. D. 【27选B、28选B、29选A】

｛27、28、29解析：27题中非谓语动词（与及分别构成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系）；28题中考查了固定搭配：(“缺少”)，其中的为形容词；29题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）(“缺少”)，其中的是名词，这其实是由省略了主语和而业的｝

2）作结果状语时，与() 的区别。

表示结果状语时，现在分词（）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（）表示意料之外的结果：

30. ,( ) .

A. B. C. D. 【30选B】

｛30解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表结果状语。｝

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