沉积学词汇

沉积学词汇
沉积学词汇

Comprehensive terms

外力地质作用:exogenic process

沉积作用:sedimentation

沉积岩:sedimentary rock

水成岩:neptunic rock

沉积岩石学:sedimentary petrology

沉积学:sedimentology

水成论:neptunianism

均变论:uniformitarianism

将故论今:present is the key to past

灾变论:catastrophism

洪积论:diluvianism

火成论:plutonism

现实论:actualism

岩相相关律:law of correlation of facies

横截关系律:law of crosscutting relationships 原始连续律:law of original continuity

原始水平律:law of original horizontality

叠覆律:law of superposition

生物群层序律:law of faunal succession

生物群组合律:law of faunal assemblages

地球四面体:Earth tetrahedron

地幔中间层:mesosphere

软流圈:asthenosphere

岩石圈:lithosphere

大洋型地壳:oceanic crust

大陆型地壳:continental crust

硅镁层:sima

硅铝层:sial

花岗岩质层:granitic layer

水圈:hydrosphere

生物圈:biosphere

生态圈:ecosphere

大气圈:atmosphere

对流层:troposphere

平流层:stratosphere

臭氧层:ozone layer

电离层:ionosphere

中间层:mesosphere

热层:thermosphere

极光:aurora

气辉:airglow

外层大气:outer atmosphere

磁层:magnetosphere 地质作用

地质作用:geologic process

内营力:endogenic force

内动力地质作用:endogenic process

内生地质作用:endogenic geologic process 外营力:exogenic force

外动力地质作用:exogenic process

表生地质作用:exogenic geologic process

地外营力:extraterrestrial process

风化作用:weathering

物理风化:physical weathering

热力风化:thermal weathering

冻融风化:freeze-thaw weathering

寒冻风化:frost weathering

寒冻作用:frost action

化学风化:chemical weathering

生物风化:biological weathering

球状风化:spheroidal weathering

差异风化:differential weathering

风化作用阶段:weathering stage

元素迁移系列:sequence of migration of elements

风化壳:weathering crust

古风化壳:paleocrust of weathering

风化壳类型:types of crust of weathering

机械风化壳:mechanical residuum

碳酸盐风化壳:residuum of carbonate type 高岭土型风化壳:residuum of kaolin type

砖红土型风化壳:residuum of laterite type 矿物稳定性:mineral stability

剥蚀作用:denudation

侵蚀作用:erosion

陵夷作用:degradation

加积作用:aggradation

均夷作用:gradation

夷平作用:planation

常态侵蚀:normal erosion

河流地质作用:fluvial process

暂时性水流:temporary torrent

片状侵蚀:sheet erosion

线状侵蚀:linear erosion

向(溯)源侵蚀:retrogressive erosion, headward erosion, headwater erosion

下切侵蚀:downcutting

侧蚀:lateral erosion

地球自转偏向力:deflection force of Earth rotation

科里奥利力:Coriolis’ forces

搬运作用:transportation

搬运介质:transportation medium

推移:traction

跃移:saltation

悬移:suspension transport

沉积作用:deposition

海蚀作用:marine erosion

重力地质作用:gravitational process

快体运动:mass movement

山崩:landslide

塌岸:bank slump

雪崩:snow avalanche

土屑移动:soil creep

崩塌作用:eboulement

风蚀作用:wind abrasion

吹蚀作用:deflation

磨蚀作用:abrasion

风积作用:wind deposition

岩溶作用:karstification

潜蚀作用:underground corrosion

中和作用:neutralization

脱水作用:dehydration

溶解作用:dissolution

沉淀作用:precipitation

水化作用:hydration

氧化作用:oxidation

水解作用:hydrolysis

还原作用:reduction

吸附作用:absorption

胶凝作用:flocculation

胶结作用:cementation

沉积分异作用:sedimentary differentiation 石化作用:lithification

成岩作用:diagenesis

General terms

主要矿物:essential mineral

次要矿物:auxiliary mineral

副矿物:accessory mineral 重矿物:heavy mineral

碎屑矿物:clastic mineral

陆源矿物:terrestrial mineral

自生矿物:authigenic mineral

成岩矿物:diagenetic mineral

后生矿物:catagenetic mineral

表生矿物:hypergenic mineral

原生矿物:primary mineral

次生矿物:secondary mineral

金属矿物:metallic mineral

非金属矿物:nonmetallic mineral 指相矿物:facies mineral

Silicate minerals

橄榄石:olivine

辉石:pyroxene

角闪石:amphibole (hornblende) 长石:feldspar

斜长石:plagioclase

碱性长石:alkali-feldspar

正长石:orthoclase (K-feldspar) 微斜长石:microcline

云母:mica

黑云母:biotite

白云母:muscovite

绿泥石:chlorite

鲕绿泥石:chamosite

粘土矿物:clay mineral

高岭石:kaolinite

艾洛石:halloysite

蒙托石:montmorillonite

贝得石:beidellite

皂石:saponite

伊利石:illite

沸石:zeolite

锆石:zircon

石榴石:garnet

十字石:staurolite

蓝晶石:kyanite

绿柱石:beryl

电气石:tourmaline

黄玉:topaz

Carbonate minerals

文石:aragonite

方解石:calcite

高镁方解石:high-magnese calcite 白云石:dolomite

铁白云石:ferrodolomite

菱镁矿:magnesite

菱锌矿:smithsonite

菱锰矿:rhodochrosite

Sulphate minerals

石膏:gypsum

硬石膏:anhydrite

重晶石:barite

芒硝:mirabilite

杂卤石:polyhalite

泻利盐:epsomite

水绿矾:melanterite

胆矾:chalcanthite

明矾石:alunite

Oxysalt minearals

硼砂:borax

方硼石:boracite

磷灰石:apatite

氟磷灰石:fluroapatite

独居石:monazite

黑钨矿:wolframite

钠硝石:soda-nitre

钾硝石:potassium nitrate

Oxide and hydroxide

刚玉:corundum

赤铁矿:hematite

钛铁矿:ilmenite

磁铁矿:magnetite

铬铁矿:chromite

褐铁矿:limonite

针铁矿:goethite

金红石:rutile

锡石:cassiterite

软锰矿:pyrolusite

晶质铀矿:uranite

沥青铀矿:pitchblende

石英:quartz 鳞石英:tridymite

方石英:cristobalite

玉髓:chalcedony

蛋白石:opal

尖晶石:spinel

水锰矿:manganite

Sulphides

辉铜矿:chalcocite

闪锌矿:sphalerite

方铅矿:galena

辰砂:cinnabar

雄黄:realgar

雌黄:orpiment

辉锑矿:antimonite

辉钼矿:molybdenite

黄铁矿:pyrite

黄铜矿:chalcopyrite

毒砂:arsenopyrite

Halides

萤石:fluorite

石盐:halite

钾盐:sylvite

光卤石:carnallite

Sediment textures and structures 碎屑结构:clastic texture

碎屑:clast

矿物碎屑:mineral fragment 岩石碎屑:rock fragment

粒度:grain size

粒度等级:grade scale

砾状结构:psephitic texture 砾:gravel

角砾:angular gravel

漂砾:boulder

粗砾:cobble

卵砾:pebble

细砾:granule

砂质砾:sandy gravel

含砾砂:pebbled sand

砂:sand

极粗砂:very coarse sand

粗砂:coarse sand

中砂:medium sand

细砂:fine sand

极细砂:very find sand

泥质砂:muddy sand

泥质结构:pelitic texture

砂质泥:sandy mud

粉砂泥质结构:aleuropelitic texture

粉砂:silt

粗粉砂:coarse silt

细粉砂:fine silt

粘土:clay

泥:mud

粒度分析:grain size analysis

正态分布:normal distribution

对数正态分布:lognormal distribution

单峰分布:unimodal distribution

双峰分布:bimodal distribution

多峰分布:multimodal distribution

直方图:histogram

频率曲线:frequency curve

频率累积曲线:cumulative frequency curve 概率累积曲线:cumulative probability curve 粒度参数:grain size parameter

平均粒度:mean grain size

中值粒度:median grain size

均值:mean

标准差:standard deviation

偏度:skewness

尖度:kurtosis

离散图:scatter plot

CM图: CM plot

碎屑形态:shape of clast

圆度:roundness

棱角状:angular

次棱角状:sub-angular

次圆状:sub-rounded

圆状:rounded

球度:sphericity

形状:shapes

扁球状:oblate

等轴状:equant

叶片状:bladed

长椭球状:prolate 表面结构:surface textures

磨光面:polish surface

沙漠漆:desert varnish

霜面:frosted surface

微起伏:micro-relief

擦痕:striation

钉头擦痕:nailhead striation

击痕:percussion scar

新月形击痕:crescent-shaped crack

凹坑:indentation

麻面:pitted surface

填隙物:interstitial materials

胶结物:cement

钙质胶结物:calcareous cement

硅质胶结物:siliceous cement

铁质胶结物:ferruginous cement

泥质胶结物:mudeous cement

胶状结构:amorphous texture

隐晶结构:aphanitic

显晶较高:phaneritic texture

嵌晶结构:mosaic texture

次生加大:secondary overgrowth texture 火山碎屑:pyroclast

岩屑:rock fragment

火山弹:volcanic bomb

浮岩屑:pumice

火山渣:scoria

碳酸盐颗粒:carbonate grain

内碎屑:intraclast

砾屑结构:calciruditic texture

砂屑结构:calcarenitic texture

粉屑结构:calcisiltic texture

泥屑结构:calcilutic texture

生物碎屑:bioclast

骨粒:framework grain

团粒:pellet

球粒:peloid

团块:lump

包粒:coated grain

豆粒:pisoid

鲕粒:ooid

交代结构:replacement texture

溶洞:solution cavity

肾状结构:kidney-shaped texture

棒状结构:rod-like texture

纤维状结构:fibrous texture

针状结构:acicular texture

鳞片状结构:scaly texture

变晶结构:crystalloblastic texture

砾石组构:gravel fabric

砂组构:sand fabric

等向组构:isotropic fabric

异向组构:anisotropic fabric

冰碛组构:till fabric

颗粒定向:grain orientation

孔隙度:porosity

渗透率:permeability

水平层理:horizontal bedding

互层层理:interlayered bedding

平行层理:parallel bedding

交错层理:cross bedding

板状交错层理:tabular cross bedding

楔状交错层理:wedge-shaped cross bedding 波状层理:wavy bedding

透镜状层理:lenticular bedding

叶状层理:lobate bedding

波痕:ripple mark

结核:concretion

同生结核:contemporaneous concretion

后生结核:catagenetic concretion

表生结核:epigenetic concretion

钙质结核:calcareous concretion

钙结核:doll concretion

鳞片构造:scaly structure

毡状构造:felty structure

格子状构造:lattice structure

斑杂构造:mottled structure

泉华构造:sinter structure

斑点构造:spotted structure

皱纹构造:wrinkle structure

多孔构造:porous structure

蜂窝构造:honey comb structure

竹叶构造:edgewise structure

叠瓦构造:imbricate structure

砾岩:conglomerate

粗碎屑岩:macroclastic rock

卵石砾岩:pebble conglomerate

漂砾砾岩:boulder conglomerate 卵石砾岩:pebble conglomerate

粗砾岩:coarse conglomerate

中粒砾岩:medium conglomerate

细砾岩:fine conglomerate

石英质砾岩:quartzitic conglomerate

碎屑砾岩:clastic conglomerate

残积角砾岩:eluvial breccia

岩溶角砾岩:karst breccia

构造角砾岩:tectonic breccia

底砾岩:basal conglomerate

层间砾岩:interformational conglomerate 同生砾岩:contemporaneous conglomerate 后生砾岩:catagenetic conglomerate

成岩砾岩:diagenetic conglomerate

粗粉砂岩:coarse siltstone

细粉砂岩:fine siltstone

泥质粉砂岩:muddy siltstone

风成岩:aeolian rock

细碎屑岩:microclastic rock

泥岩:mudstone

砂质泥岩:sandy mudstone

粉砂质泥岩:silty mudstone

粘土岩:claystone

高岭石粘土岩:kaolinic claystone

伊利石粘土岩:illitic claystone

蒙脱石粘土岩:montmorillonitic claystone 钙质页岩:calcareous shale

铁质页岩:ferruginous shale

页岩:shale

硅质页岩:siliceous shale

炭质页岩:carbonaceous shale

黑色页岩:black shale

沥青页岩:naphtholith

油页岩:oil shale

砂页岩:sandshale

泥板岩:argillite

火山碎屑沿:pyroclastic rock

熔结集块岩:welded agglomerate

集块岩:agglomerate

凝灰质巨砾岩:tuffaceous boulder

火山角砾岩:volcanic breccia

凝灰质砾岩:tuffaceous conglomerate

凝灰质砂岩:tuffaceous sandstone

凝灰质粉砂岩:tuffaceous siltstone

玻屑凝灰岩:vitric tuff

晶屑凝灰岩:crystal tuff

岩屑凝灰岩:lithic tuff

蚀变凝灰岩:altered tuff

硅化凝灰岩:silicified tuff

石灰岩:limestone

云灰岩:dolomitic limestone

泥灰岩:marl

颗粒岩:grainstone

重结晶岩:recrystalline limestone

微晶灰岩:micritic limestone

碎屑灰岩:calcirudite

砂屑灰岩:calcarenite

粉屑灰岩:calcisiltite

泥屑灰岩:calcilutlite

生物碎屑灰岩:bioclast limestone

介壳灰岩:coquina

鲕粒灰岩:oolitic limestone

团粒灰岩:lump limestone

球粒灰岩:pelletal limestone

钙华:tufa

钙结岩:calliche

白云岩:dolomitite/dolostone

灰云岩:lime dolostone

泥云岩:muddy dolostone

微晶白云岩:dolomicrite

结晶白云岩:crystalline dolomite

砾屑白云岩:dolorudite

砂屑白云岩:dolarenite

粉屑白云岩:dolarenite

泥屑白云岩:dololutlite

交代白云岩:replacement dolostone 硅藻土:diatomite

燧石岩:chert

硅土:siliceous earth

硅质结核:siliceous concretion

碳酸盐质硅华:silica carbonate sinter 蒸发岩:evaporite

石膏岩:gypsolith

硬石膏岩:anhydrock

石盐岩:saline rock

红土型铝土岩:lateritic bauxitic rock 鲕粒铝土岩:oolitic bauxitic rock

磁铁岩:magnetitic rock 赤铁岩:hematitic rock

硅铁岩:siliceous iron rock

褐铁岩:limonite rock

菱铁岩:sederitic rock

硫铁岩:pyritic rock

复理石:flych

磨拉石:molasse

混杂岩:melenge

滑来石:olistholith

红层:red bed

风成岩:eolianite

热泉胶结物:hydrothermally cemental rock 混杂沉积物:chaotic sediment

混积岩:diamictite

风化作用:

热力风化:thermal weathering

冻融风化:freeze-thaw weathering

寒冻风化:frost weathering

机械风化:mechanical weathering

崩解作用:dessintegration

重力地质作用:gravitational process

红土化作用:laterization

破碎阶段:broken stage

饱和硅铝阶段:saturated sialic stage

酸性硅铝阶段:acid sialic stage

硅铁土阶段:allitized stage

红土阶段:laterized stage

氧化带:oxidative zone

水解带:hydrolysis zone

淋滤带:leaching zone

水合带:hydrated zone

碎屑物质:clast

不溶残积物:nonsoluble residue

溶解物质:dissolved material

风化分异:weathering differentiation

风化壳:weathering crust / residue

差异风化:differential weathering

球状风化:spheroidal weathering

内源侵蚀:backward erosion

边坡侵蚀:side-slope erosion

侧向侵蚀:lateral erosion

垂向侵蚀:vertical erosion

下切侵蚀:dowcutting erosoion

裁湾取直:cut-off

掘蚀/刨蚀作用:pluck

剥蚀作用:denudation

冰蚀作用:glacial erosion

风蚀作用:aeolian erosion

海蚀作作用:marine abrasion

陵夷作用:degradation

夷平作用:planation

面状侵蚀:sheet erosion

风海流:wind current

密度流:density flow

紊流:turbulent flow/ tortous

层流:laminar flow

急流:torrential current

搬运能力:transport capacity

搬运方式:mode of transportation

牵引载荷:traction load

推移载荷:solid load

溶解载荷:dissolved load

沙床载荷:bed load

悬浮载荷:suspended load

沉积间断:hiatus

卸载:unloading

沉积速率:rate of deposition

溶解度:solubility

成岩作用方式

压溶作用:pressure solution

压实作用:compaction

水化作用:hydration

水解作用:hydrolysis

方解石化作用:calcitization

固结作用:consolidation

硅化作用:silicification

还原作用:reduction

氧化作用:oxidation

降解作用:degradation

胶结作用:cementation

交代作用:metasomatism/replacement 离子交换作用:ion exchange

离子吸附作用:ion absorption

淋滤作用:illuviation

重结晶作用:recrystallization

白云石化:dolomitization 构造稳定区:tectonic quiet region 构造活动带:tectonic mobile belt 陆源沉积物:terrestrial sediment 盐度:salinity

盐度跃层:helocline

化跃层:chemocline

陆相:terrestrial facies

海相:marine facies

相变:facies change

沉积相:sedimentary facies

岩相:lithofacies

相序列:facies sequence

相组合:facies association

相模式:facies model

相区:facies province

过渡相:transitional facies

残积带:eluvial zone

坡积带:deluvial zone

残积相:eluvial facies

坡积相:deluvial facies

戈壁:gobi

砾漠:serir

石漠:stony desert

沙漠:desert

沙丘:dune

新月型沙丘:barchan

抛物线沙丘:parabolic dune

固定沙丘:fixed dune

半固定沙丘:semi-fixed dune

移动沙丘:wandering fune

沙漠湖泊:desert lake

干盐湖:playa

戈壁相:gobi facies

沙漠相:desert facies

风棱石:ventifact

侧积相:side moraine facies

中碛相:medial moraine facies

底积相:bottom moraine facies

终积相:end moraine facies

前积相:front moraine facies

河床:stream bed

河道:stream channel

边滩:point bar

心滩:river island

河漫滩:flood plain

决口扇:crevasse splay

河漫沼泽:backswamp

洪积平原:flood plain

废弃河道:abandoned channel

牛轭湖:ox-bow lake

冲积扇:alluvial fan

冲积裙:alluvial apron

冲积相:alluvial facies

河道充填相:channel-fill facies

堤岸相:levee facies

河漫沼泽相:backswamp facies

湖泊相:lacustrine facies

浅湖相:shallow lake facies

深湖相:deep lake facies

盐湖相:playa facies

滨湖相:coastal lake facies

安山岩:andesite

埃洛石:halloysite

白云母:muscovite

白云石:dolomite

白云石化作用:dolomitization

白云岩:dolostone,dolomitite

白垩:chalk

斑岩:porphyry

斑杂构造:mottled structure

搬运介质:medium of transportation

搬运作用:transportation

搬运能力:transportation capacity

搬运营力:transport agent

板块:plate

板块边缘:plate margin

板块俯冲:plate subduction

板块构造理论:theory of plate tectonics

板块碰撞:plate collision

板块边界:plate boundary

板岩:slate

板状交错层理:tabular cross bedding, planar cross bedding

半岛:peninsula

半干旱气候:semi-arid climate

半固定沙丘:semifixed dune, semi-mobile dune

半深海沉积物:bathyal sediment

包裹体:inclusion, enclosure

包卷层理:convolute bedding

包粒:coated grain

剥蚀作用:denudation

薄层:flag

薄层砂岩:flagstone

饱和带:saturated zone

饱和面:saturated surface

饱和硅铝阶段:saturated sialic stage

鲍马层序:Bouma sequence

爆发角砾岩:explosion breccia

爆发岩筒:explosive pipe

背斜:anticline

被袭夺河:abstracted river, captured river 被子植物:angiosperm

崩解作用:disintegration

崩塌角砾岩:collapse breccia

笔石类:graptolite

边坡侵蚀:side-slope erosion

边滩:point bar deposit

边滩沉积:point bar deposit

边滩相:point bar facies

边缘盆地:marginal basin

边缘台地:marginal platform

扁豆状凝灰岩:lenticulite

扁球状:oblate

变晶结构:crystalloblastic texture

变晶鲕:crysialized ooid

变盐度环境:euryhaline environment

变质程度:metamorphic grade

变质带:metamorphic belt

变质年龄:metamorphic age

变质相:metamorphic facies

变质岩:metamorphic rock

变质作用:metamorphism

标本:specimen

标志层:indicator horizon, index bed

标准化石:index fossil

标准剖面:standard section

表观年龄:apparent age

表成沉积物:exogenetic sediments

表面蒸发作用:surface evaporation

表皮构造:epigenetic structure

表生成岩环境:epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩作用:epidiagenesis

表生结核:epigenetic concretion

表生矿物:hypergene mineral

表生作用:epigenesis

表土:regolith

表碛:superglacial moraine

滨海:littoral area

滨海带:littoral zone

滨海相:littoral facies

滨海盐沼:marine salina

滨后沉积:backshore deposit

滨后沼泽沉积:backswamp deposit

滨湖区:coastal lake area

滨湖相:coastal lake facies

印刷常用词汇中英结合

Size 尺寸 Page 页数 Paper (Cover/text) 纸质(封面纸/内页纸) Binding 装订 Quantity 数量 Dust jacket护封 End paper 环衬 关于尺寸: Portrait 纵长型(纵开本) Landscape 横长型(横开本) 关于页数: Page 页 Sheet 张 1 sheet = 2 pages 关于纸质: Glossy/gloss 有光泽的 Matt/matte 哑面的 Art /coated/art/glossy coated paper 铜版纸 Matt/matte art paper 哑面纸/哑粉纸 Wood free paper 道林纸(不含木浆的纸) Offset paper 双胶纸/书纸 关于光油/光胶(光膜): (Through/spot)Varnish/coating (整版/局部)光油 UV/Glossy/matt Varnish/coating Matt/glossy laminated 过哑胶(哑膜)/过光胶(光膜) Blocking/die-stamping/gold embossing/gold pressing/gold stamping 烫金Embossing/die stamping 凹凸印刷 印刷 印油Transparent ink 印光油Gloss Varnishing 印哑油Matt Varnishing 印专色Printed in spot color 表面处理 磨光Calendering 磨光吸塑油Blister-calendering varnish 过光油Varnishing 过水油Aqueous coating

词汇学试题(1)

哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题(本大题共40小题,每小题1分,共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes

大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题

2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany,吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic,冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic,古希腊语- Greek

中医翻译

课程名称:英汉翻译教程班级:英语11302班学籍号:201301829 学生姓名:王晶 标题:传统文化翻译之中医药效药名翻译

传统文化翻译之中医药效药名翻译 王晶 摘要中医是中华文化的瑰宝,源远流长,自成体系,富有浓厚的传统文化特色,而中药学则是中医学的一个重要分支。中药饮片的种类数以千计,若加上纷繁的异名,别称,药名则有数万之众。在如此众多的药名中,蕴涵着大量古代传统文化的信息,使得中药药名及其药效的翻译成为传统文化翻译中的一大难点。近年来,中医药国际交流取得了长足进步,国际市场上对中医药认可和需求日益扩大。然而,长期以来,中药名及其功效语的汉英翻译存在着不规范、不够准确的问题,甚至还存在着严重的漏译、错译现象。如何将中医翻译得准确,使外国人明白和正确理解中医内容,这便是当今中医翻译界要解决的一个重要问题。本文旨在从译词对等及中医的哲学文化角度分析总结中医药效药名的翻译模式及方法。 关键词:传统文化翻译中医药翻译译词对等翻译策略及方法 中医中药概况简介 中医是在古代朴素的唯物论和自发的辨证法思想指导下,通过长期医疗实践逐步形成并发展成的医学理论体系。中医学以阴阳五行作为理论基础,将人体看成是气、形、神的统一体,通过“望闻问切”四诊合参的方法,探求病因、病性、病位、分析病机及人体内五脏六腑、经络关节、气血津液的变化、判断邪正消长,进而得出病名,归纳出

证型,以辨证论治原则,制定“汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消”等治法,使用中药、针灸、推拿、按摩、拔罐、气功、食疗等多种治疗手段,使人体达到阴阳调和而康复。 中医药也叫汉族医药,它是中华民族的宝贵财富,为中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出了巨大贡献。中药是指在中医理论指导下用于预防、诊断、治疗疾病或调节人体机能的药物。多为植物药,也有动物药、矿物药及部分化学、生物制品类药物。中药按加工工艺分为中成药、中药材。中国医药学已有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的极为丰富的经验总结。中药在中国古籍中通称“本草”。我国最早的一部中药学专著是汉代的《神农本草经》,唐代由政府颁布的《新修本草》是世界上最早的药典,开创了我国本草著作图文对照的先例,不但对我国药物学的发展有很大影响,而且不久即流传国外,对世界医药的发展作出了重要贡献。 自古以来,传统中医药以其药性温和、具有对症下药的特点为国人所认可和接受。在改革开放的今天,中药早已走出了国门。传统医学的治疗理念正逐渐为世界所接受,传统医药受到国际社会越来越多的关注,世界范围内对中医药的需求日益增长,这为中医药的发展提供了广阔的空间。然而,目前我国大多中药说明书中对药名及其医治功能都采用了中文汉字和汉语拼音相结合的方式,即使有些说明书进行了汉英翻译,其译文也极不规范、准确,漏译、错译较多。这对国外消费者来说,购买及服用中药会存在一些顾虑。为了更好地宣传和推销中药,为了让世界各地的消费者了解和接受中药,对中药进行规范、

同济大学外国语学院博士点简介

同济大学外国语学院博士点简介 辉煌同济,百年外语。1907年同济德文医学堂初创之时即设德文科,同济德语教学可谓中国德语教学之缩影。同济外语教学历经百年风雨,名家荟萃,人才辈出,形成了深厚的文化积淀,许多著名外语学者在同济外语百年时光隧道中流连。如诗人、翻译家冯至,作家、哲学家陈铨,诗人殷夫,日耳曼学者张威廉,德语学者廖馥君、邱震海等均在此或求学或任教,为同济外语发展做出了卓越贡献。 改革开放之初,同济大学外语系已开始招生研究生,迄今为止,外语专业硕士研究生教育已有30余年历史,1982年获德语硕士授予权。现已有德语语言文学、英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学二级学科硕士授权点4个,外语语言文学一级硕士授权点1个,外国语言学及应用语言学博士授权点1个,形成健全的外语学科体系。 本学科英语语言学主要涉及理论语言学与应用语言学,研究方向有生成音系学、实验语音学、生成句法学、语用学、语义学、多模态语言研究、功能语言学、外语教学理论与实践、翻译美学、翻译学和英美文学等领域,本学科点特色在于形式语言学研究与功能语言学研究并举,这在国内高校中是极为罕见的。其中,音系学研究、功能语言学研究、多模态语言研究居于国内领先地位。 德语语言学方向主要集中在德语词汇学和二语习得研究两方面。德语词汇学以德语词汇研究为核心,涵盖德语形态学、构词学,科技德语术语学、语义学、认知语言学等有关语言理论,并由此扩展到德汉语言比较,中德跨文化交际等方面。二语习得研究包括从传统语法翻译法到交际法、功能交际理论等各种德语教学法研究,尤其是开展对外德语教学在中国的研究,同时开展教育心理学、跨文化交际等理论研究, 具体研究对象可扩展到大纲、教材、测试、教学手段、教学模式和教学方法等方面。 日语语言学方向在全面了解语言学在日本的传播及发展、进一步深化日语语法、词汇以及表达研究的基础上,更加侧重在日语中体现得较为明显的语用学和认知语言学的研究,以进一步弄清日语中的复杂的言外之意的表达和对事物的独特的认知方式以及由此带来的独特表达方式,并进一步通过语言理解日本文化,以及研究独特的日本文化对语言表达产生的影响。通过日语与汉语的比较研究,深化和完善现有的翻译理论,并进一步对语料库进行探讨、研究,弄清语料库在日汉语语法、词汇比较研究及中日-日中翻译研究中的作用、功能和局限,为完善现有的语料库提供支持。 本博士点以国家社科基金项目、教育部人文社科项目及多项市级、校级科研项目为依托,逐步形成具有鲜明学科特色的科研平台,科研队伍稳定,研究成果颇丰。 本博士点现有博士生导师9人,已招收培养博士研究生12人。 即:研究方向: 1.英语语言学(形式语言学、功能语言学、英汉对比、翻译学、外语教学理论及应用、英美文学) 2.德语语言学(含德语专用语研究、德语词汇学、二语习得研究、德国研究与德国文化学) 3.日语语言学(含认知语言学,语用学,翻译理论研究) 外国语言学及应用语言学(050211 )导师队伍

最新英语词汇学期末复习资料资料

1、选择题(2 ×15=30) 2、填空题(2×5=10 ) 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分,第40题8分) 选择题: 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3.Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.360docs.net/doc/5113093104.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西

英汉沉积学常用词汇

Common V ocabulary of Sedimentology 沉积学常用词汇 A abandoned channel 废弃河道 abandoned delta 废弃的三角洲 ablation breccia 消融角砾岩 abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地 absolute age 绝对年龄 absorpting 吸附性 absorption 吸收性 abundance of trace element 微量元素丰度abyss(deep sea) 深海 abyssal basin 深海盆地 abyssal deposit 深海沉积 abyssal facies 深海相 abyssal ooze 深海软泥 abyssal plain 深海平原 abyssal subcompensational basin 深海欠补偿盆地 accretion ripple 加积波痕 accretion topography 加积地形 accretional plain 加积平原 accumulation terrace 堆积阶地 ACD(aragonite compensation depth) 文石补偿深度 acicular texture 针状结构 acid sialic stage 酸性硅铝阶段 active continental margin 活动大陆边缘active crust 活动地壳 adhesion ripple 粘附波痕 adhesion wart 粘附瘤痕 advanced dune 前进沙丘 aeolian dune facies 风成沙丘相 aeolian ripple marks 风成波痕 aeolian rock 风成岩 agglomerate 集块岩agglomeratic texture 集块结构agglutinated grain texture 胶粒结构aggradation 加积作用 air-heave structure 气胀结构aleuropelitic texture 粉沙泥质结构algal mat 藻席 algal mound 藻丘 algal ooid 藻鲕 algal peloid 藻球粒 algal reef 藻礁 algal reef limestone 藻礁灰岩 alkali lake 碱湖 alkali-feldspar 碱性长石 allitized stage 铝铁土阶段 allochem 异化颗粒 allochemical limestone 异化颗粒灰岩allochemical phosphorite 异化磷块岩allochthonous limestone 异地灰岩allochthonous phosphorite 异地磷块岩alluvial apron 冲积裙 alluvial facies 冲积相 alluvial fan 冲积扇 alluvial plain 冲积平原 alluvial terrace 冲积阶地 altered tuff 蚀变凝灰岩 ammonoid 菊石类 amorphous texture 胶状结构amphibian 两栖动物 amygdaloidal structure 杏仁结构anadiagenesis 后生成岩作用analcimolith 方沸石岩 analysis of rocks and minerals 岩矿分析angiosperm 被子植物 angular 棱角状 angular gravel 角砾

药理学专业词汇(中英文对照)

药理学专业词汇(中英文对照) 第一章绪论 药理学pharmacology 药物drug 药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics 药物代谢动力学 pharmacokinetics 上市后药物监测post-marketing surveillance 第二章药物效应动力学 药物作用pharmacological action 药理效应pharmacological effect 治疗作用therapeutic effect 对症治疗symptomatic treatment 补充疗法supplement therapy 不良反应adverse drug reaction 副作用side reaction 毒性反应toxic reaction 后遗效应after effect 变态反应allergic reaction 剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship 最小有效量minimal effective dose 最小有效浓度minimal effective concentration 个体差异individual variability 效价强度potency 构效关系structure activity relationship 激动药agonist 拮抗药antagonist 配体门控离子通道受体ligand gated ion channel receptor 第三章药物代谢动力学 吸收absorption 首关消除first-pass elimination 静脉注射intravenous injection 分布distribution 生物转化biotransformation 排泄excretion

英语词汇学期末论文

英语词汇学期末论文 题目:浅析英语词汇巧记法 专业:英语 班级:13级3班 学号:201313010309 姓名:黄旷静 完成时间:2015年1月14号

浅析英语词汇巧记法 摘要:词汇是英语学习的基础,没有足够的词汇量就不可能高水平的掌握英语这门外语,而浩瀚的词汇海洋让很多人望而生畏。尽管花费了大量时间精力去背,记忆的效果却差强人意,原因就在于没有使用科学的方法记忆词汇。其实,世间万物都是有规律性的,英语单词的组词与构词方法也有规律,了解了它的规律有利于我们有效甚至高效学习英语单词。为了提高单词记忆的效率,本文从不同方面介绍几种记忆方法。 关键词:词汇科学记忆规律效率 一.读音记忆法 1.拼读法 英语是拼音文字,英语中的单词的读音大多是有规律的,熟悉字母及字母组合的发音规则,掌握正确的拼法与读音之间的关系,可以根据单词的读音,降低记忆难度,正确地拼写单词。 例如ay读[ei]。带有ay字母组合的词,如say,day,way,pay,may,play,spray,不仅发音容易,而且拼写也没有任何困难。Sh ch tion ture 等也都有固定读音,ee发音为i: culture 文化pasture牧场mature 成熟的architecture 建筑学带有true的单词也都能很方便的记忆下来

2.谐音法 尽管有些人认为用这种谐音记忆法记忆单词不科学,不利于正确掌握发音,但实践证明,对尚未掌握外语的构词特点和记词规律的初学者来说,采用谐音法记单词确实能有效地记住一部分难记的单词。但是,在用谐音法记单词时需要特别注意,绝不可将其作为模仿发音的依据,只能作为记忆单词时的谐音联想手段,以加强记忆,而必须按照单词的标准发音去读记,以避免这种记词法干扰正确发音。用谐音法记单词是,根据外语单词的读音到中文中寻找与其读音相似的谐音,寻找到谐音与单词的联系。用这种方法甚至可能达到终身不忘,这也正是谐音记忆法的绝妙之处。 例如:mouth嘴[联想:说话“冒失”的就是嘴] think想[联想:想时要“深刻”] 二.联想法 1.拆分联想 科学研究表明:联想是记忆的基础。世界著名的生理学家巴甫洛夫指出:"记忆要依靠联想,而联想则是新旧知识建立联系的产物。”联想法是联想记忆的进一步运用和发展。它是指学习者展开积极丰富的想象力,使所要记忆的知识生动、形象化,通过联想在新旧知识(如英语熟词词义与生词词义)之间建立起一种联系,从而达到以旧带新、快速记忆的目的。

石油与天然气地质专业英语分类词汇表

目录 总类。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。4 1.油气地质勘探总论。。。。。。。。。。。。7 2. 含油气盆地构造学。。。。。。。。。。。。。7 3. 含油气盆地沉积学。。。。。。。。。。。。。11 4. 油气性质。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。14 5. 油气成因。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。15 6. 油气储集层。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。21 7.油气运移。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。22 8.油气聚集。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。25 9.油气地质勘探。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。27 10.油气地球化学勘探。。。。。。。。。。。。。29 11.地震地层学。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。29 12.遥感地质。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。32 13.实验室分析。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。33 14.油气资源评价。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。34 15.地质年代。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。16补充 17岩性,岩石学

总类 油气地质勘探petroleum and gas geology and exploration 石油地球物理petroleum geophysics 地球物理测井geophysical well logging 石油工程petroleum engineering 钻井工程drilling engineering 油气田开发与开采oil-gas field development and exploitation 石油炼制petroleum processing 石油化工petrochemical processing 海洋石油技术offshore oil technique 油气集输与储运工程oil and gas gathering-transportation and storage engineering 石油钻采机械与设备petroleum drilling and production equipment 油田化学oilfield chemistry 油气藏hydrocarbon reservoir 油藏oil reservoir 气藏gas reservoir 商业油气藏(又称工业油气藏)commercial hydrocarbon reservoir 油气田oil-gas field 油田oil field 气田gas field 大油气田large oil-gas field 特大油气田(又称巨型油气田)giant oil-gas field 岩石物性physical properties of rock 岩石物理学petrophysics 野外方法field method 野外装备field equipment 石油petroleum 天然石油natural oil 人造石油artificial oil 原油crude oil 原油性质oil property 石蜡基原油paraffin-base crude [oil] 环烷基原油(又称沥青基原油)naphthene- base crude [oil] 中间基原油(又称混合基原油)intermediate- base crude [oil] 芳香基原油aromatic- base crude [oil]

各科医生中英文对照

各科医生中英文对照 内科医师internist, physician; 心脏病学家cardiologist; 内分泌学家endocrinologist; 胃病学家gastrologist; 肠病学家, 胃肠病学家enterologist; 普通医生,全科医生general practitioner; 外科医生chirurgeon,surgeon; 外科医师,军队高级医官,军医,船上医师surgeon; 骨(骼)学家osteologist; 整形外科医生plastic surgeon; 神经外科医生neurosurgeon; 泌尿科医师urologist;

儿科医师paediatrician; 妇科医师,妇科医生gynecologist; 助产士,产科护士a maternity nurse; 产科医师obstetrician; 产科男医师accoucheur; 产科女医师accoucheuse;眼科医生,眼科专家oculist; 眼科医师,眼科专家ophthalmologist; 眼科专家eye doctor; 肿瘤学家oncologist; 麻醉师anaesthetist, anesthetist; 口腔学家stomatologist; 牙科医生dentist; 牙外科医生surgeon dentist;

科室牌英文版 医院科室英文 门诊护士办公室:outpatient nurse’s office 门诊办公室:outpatient office 儿科厕所:Children’s toilet 儿科候诊:waiting room for pediatrics 儿科门诊:outpatient department of pediatrics 输液室:transfusion room 小儿注射:injection room for Children 男厕所/女厕所/残疾人专用厕所:toilet for man/ toilet for woman/ handicapped used only 饮水间:drinking room 急诊化验室:emergency laboratory 急诊X光室:emergency X-ray room 急诊治疗室:emergency therapeutic room 抢救室:resuscitation room 外科治疗室:surgery therapeutic room 急诊妇产科:emergency obstetrics and gynecology department 急诊内科:emergency internal medicine 急诊外科:emergency surgery

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案 I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(45%) 1.There are two approaches to the study of polysemy.They are_____. A.primary and secondary B.Central and peripheral C.diachronic and synchronic D.Formal and functional 2.Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms? A.Colloquial B.Slang C.Negative D.Literary 3.Synonyms can be classified into two major groups,that is:_____. A.absolute and relative B.Absolute and complete C.relative and near D.Complete and identical 4.In the early period of Middle English,English,____existed side by side, A.Celtic and Danish B.Danish and French C.Latin and Celtic D.French and Latin 5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme. A.formal B.Concrete C.free D.bound 6.Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A,croak,drum B.squeak,bleat C.buzz,neigh D.bang,trumpet 7.LDCE is distinctive for its____. A.Clear grammar codes B.usage notes C.language notes D.all of the above 8.From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to A.German B.French C.Scotttish D.Irish 9.Which of the following is NOT an acronym? A.TOEFL B.ODYSSEY C.BASIC D.CCTV 10. In the course book,the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning. A.eight B.Six C.seven D.five 11.Sources of homonyms include____. A.changes in sound and spelling B.borrowing C.shortening D.all of the above

词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

名词解释(10选5,一个4分) 词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word. 词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. 一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. 同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation) 完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning. 同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning. 同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning. 同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words. 反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.

沉积相词汇

沉积学sedimentology 沉积物sediment 沉积岩sedimentary rock 沉积作用sedimentation,deposition 沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle 同生作用syngenesis 成岩作用diagenesis 后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis 碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock 砂岩sandstone 粉砂岩siltstone 砾岩conglomerate 角砾岩breccia 火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate rock 石灰岩limestone 白云岩dolomite,dolostone 泥灰岩marl 粘土岩claystone 泥质岩argillite 泥岩mudstone 页岩shale 蒸发岩evaporite 盐岩salt rock 可燃有机岩caustobiolith 沉积中心depocenter 沉降中心subsiding center 岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography 沉积环境sedimentary enviroment 沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system 沉积相sedimentary facies 岩相lithofacies 生物相biofacies 地球化学相geochemical facies 相标志facies marker

中医术语的中英文参考对照

中医术语的中英文参考对照 治则principle of treatment 在对临床的具体立法、处方、用药等具有普遍的指导意义,因而在治疗疾病时必须遵循的基本原则。 治病求本treatment aiming at its pathogenesis 针对产生疾病的根本原因进行治疗的原则。 急则治标symptomatic treatment in acute condition 与缓则治本相对而言,在大出血、暴泻、剧痛等标症甚急的情况,及时救治标病。 缓则治本radical treatment in chronic case 与急则治标相对而言,针对病势缓和、病情缓慢的情况,从本病的病机出发,采取调理、补益为主的治疗原则。 标本兼治treating both manifestation and root cause of disease 针对病证出现的标本并重的情况,采用治标与治本相结合的治疗原则。 治未病preventive treatment of disease 采取一定的措施防止疾病产生和发展的治疗原则,包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。 同病异治treating same disease with different methods 表现相同的病证,可因人、因时、因地的不同,或由于病情的发展、病机的变化、病型的各异、正邪消长等差异,采取不同治法的治疗原则。 异病同治treating different diseases with same method 表现不同的病证,由于发病机理相同,采取相同治法的治疗原则。 因时制宜treatment in accordance with seasonal conditions 考虑到时令气候寒热燥湿的 不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因地制宜treatment in accordance with local conditions 考虑到地域环境的不同而选择适 宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因人制宜treatment in accordance with the patient''''s individuality 考虑到病人的体质、性别、年龄、生活习惯以及过去病史等个体差异性的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。

相关文档
最新文档