中考英语专题04E字部-2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

中考英语专题04E字部-2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
中考英语专题04E字部-2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

2020 年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

专题四 E 字部

1.edge

n.边缘

关联词组: on the edge of ?在??的边缘

熟词僻义: edge还可以用来表示“优势”,例如: competitive edge 竞争优势;常用于 have an edge over ?的结构,表示“略胜一筹,比??更有优势”:

You have an edge over your competitors.你们比竞争对手有优势。

同义词: advantage n.优点,优势

( 2019 ,浙江卷,阅读 B)To avoid accidents, some trampolines have 8 safety net around them. Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8211070771.html,cation

n.教育,培养

关联词组: physical education=P.E.体育课,体育教育; higher education 高等教育

词性转换: educate v.教育,培养; educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的

(2019,湖北卷,阅读 B)

70. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph?

A. Advice on how to sleep well.

B. Ways of changing kids educa'tio n.

C. The importance of sleeping well.

D. Measures parents and schools should take

3.effort

n.努力,艰难的尝试

○1表示“作出努力”,通常用 make an effort 这样的形式,其中 an可换成 another/one more,every 等;

如果中间不使用限定词,则 effort 需用复数,即 make efforts:You must make efforts to

achieve your dream. 你必须好好努力实现你的梦想。

○2表示做某事的努力,通常在 effort 后面接 to do 结构: He made every effort to get it. 他竭尽全力得到它。

○3更多短语: spare no effort 不遗余力; without effort 毫不费力

( 2019 ,北京卷,阅读 D )When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library

4.electric adj.电的,带电的,用电的

electric 和 electrical 的区别:

○1 electric 指“电的,带电的,用电的”,被修饰的物体本身可带电,如electric guitar 电吉他

○2 electrical 指“与电有关的,电气科学的”,被修饰的对象本身不带电,如electrical engineer 电气工程师

关联词组: electric car 电车; electric power 电功率,电源; electric system 电力系统; electric

energy 电能词性转换: electricity n.电,电流

2019 ,山东卷,阅读 C)Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity . Then we can use the electricity.

5.encourage

v.鼓励

用法: encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

词性转courage n.勇气; encouragement n.鼓励; encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的

反义词: discourage v.阻止,使气馁

( 2019 ,北京卷,阅读 B) That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder.

6.end

n.末尾,终点,结束; v. 结束,终止

end 自始至终; put an end to sth.结束(终止)某事; sth. comes to an end 某事结束了

动词词组: end in sth. 以??为结尾;以??为结果; end up with/doing sth. 最终成为??,最后处于??;

以??告终

反义词: start, begin v.开始; beginning n.开始,起初

( 2019 ,浙江卷,阅读 C)But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided to eat some of an American farmer's potatoes.

7.energy

n.能量,能源;精力

关联词组: new energy 新能源; clean energy 清洁能源; save energy 节约能源; full of energy 充满活力用法: put (all) sb 's eineesr ginto sth. 表示“把某人的(全部)精力投入到某事中”;常和

time 并列使用:

She put all her energies into her work. 她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。

( 2019 ,北京卷,完形) I don 't regret putntig time and energy into the election because I 've learned that things

aren ' t always going the way I expect.

8.enjoy

v.享受,喜欢

○1 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 玩的开心,过的愉快;

○2 enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth. 喜欢做某事,乐于做某事;注意 enjoy 后面不接动词不定式;

○3通常 enjoy 为及物动词,后面要接宾语。例外是在口语中可以说“Enjoy! ”,表示请对方好好享受(用)。

词性转换: enjoyment n.享受,乐趣; enjoyable adj.令人愉快的

(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)

2.- Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our __ ?

- Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.

A. hotel

B. school

C. factory

D. company

9.enough

adj. 足够的,充分的; adv.足够地,充分地

○1作形容词:可作为限定词修饰名词,要么修饰不可数名词,要么修饰可数名词复数;常用句式有:

enough+名词 +for ?或者 enough+名词 +(for sb.) to do sth. :

There is enough food for all people. 有足够多的食物给所有人吃。

I have enough time to finish the job. 我有充足的时间来完成这项工作。

○2作副词: enough 要放在被修饰的形容词 /副词之后;常用句式有:形容词 / 副词 +enough+(for sb.) to do sth. : This article is not easy enough for you to understand. 这篇文章对你们来说太难理解了。

(2019,山东卷,词性转换)

62. The little boy said, "I am old enough to take good care of ."(my)

10.enter

v.进入;输入,登记

用法:○1 enter 后面可接宾语,也可不接;通常不用被动语态;○ 2 还可用在与计算机相关的语境,表示“输

入,登录,登记”;○ 3 enter for 表示“报名参加(考试、比赛)”。

词性转换: entrance n.进入;入口: No Entrance.禁止入内; entrance exam 入学考试同义词:

enter=go into=get into

( 2019 ,山东卷,阅读 D )The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic (淋巴) system, and may even reach the liver (肝脏)," said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.

11.environment

n.环境

关联词组: natural environment 自然环境; living/working/social environment 生活 /工作 /社会环境; protect the environment 保护环境

词性转换: environmental adj. 环境的: environmentally friendly 环保的

( 2019 ,北京卷,阅读 C) One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we 're exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences.

12.especially

adv.特别,尤其

○1 especially 在句中可修饰名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等,一般放在被修饰词的前面: It's very cold in winter, especially in Beijing. 冬天很冷,尤其是在北京。

○2 especially 在句中还可用来修饰状语从句: Sunglasses are very useful especially when the sun is strong. 太阳镜非常有用,尤其是阳光很强的时候。

○3 especially 在逻辑上已有极限意义,故无比较等级。

易混单词: specially adv.特别地;特意,专门: He bought the flower specially for her. 他特意为她买了鲜花。

( 2019 ,山东卷,阅读表达) The audience found this announcement especially 13 and started to throw

even more money onto the stage.

13.A. funny B. lucky C. helpful D. painful

13. every

adj.每一,每个的

用法: every 表示“每个”,其后通常接可数名词单数,一般不接名词复数或不可数名词。

every 和 each 的区别:

○1 every 只能做形容词,而且 each 还可以用作代词,直接充当主语或者宾语。

○2二者均指“每个”,但 every 侧重全体;而 each 侧重各个个体,比较:

I know every member of the class. 全班的人我都认识。(概括全体)

I know each member of the class. 这个班的每个人我都认识。(“个别”意义更重。)

○3 every 指三个或以上的“每个”,不能指两者中的“每个”; each 则可以,如:

误: There are trees on every side of the road.

正: There are trees on each side of the road.

关联单词: everybody/everyone pron.每人,人人; everyday adj.每日的,日常的; everything pron.每件事,事事; everywhere adv.到处

(2019,北京卷,单项填空)

7.Sam with his friends every weekend.

A. skates

B. is skating

C. has skated

D. was skating

(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)

7.The instructions tell us everything about how to make the model ship.

A. by hand

B. by chance

C. in detail

D. in person

14.examine

v.检查,调查

近义词: check v.检查,核对

词性转换: examination n.检查,调查;( =exam)考试: final examination 期末考试; examination paper 考试卷; entrance examination 入学考试; take an examination 参加考试

( 2019 ,山东卷,阅读 B)The students took a science exam before the study. After the six-week study, they took another.

15.example

n.例子,榜样

关联词组: for example 例如; give an example 举例; take? for example 以??为例子; set an example (for ?)(为??)树立榜样

for example 和 such as 的区别:

○1 for example 是列举整体之中的一个为例,常用作插入语,用逗号与主句隔开, example 之后也需要逗号;

其位置常常在句首,也可以置于句中、句末。如:

Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well. 噪音,打个比方,也是一种污染。

○2 such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物作为例子,一般用逗号和主句隔开,但 such as之后无逗号,

直接跟名词或名词性短语。如:

Some classmates of mine, such as Lucy, Lily, Jim are very generous. 我的一些同学,如露西,李丽,吉姆都是很慷慨的人。

( 2019 ,北京卷,阅读 C)For example , on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with.

16.excite

v.使兴奋,使激动

用法:常用语 be excited doing/to do sth. ,或者 be excited about/at ,?表示“兴奋”、“激动”的原因。词性转换:

exciting adj.令人激动的:通常是指某物令人兴奋激动,对应副词是excitingly

excited adj. 兴奋的,激动的:指的是某人感觉到兴奋或激动,对应副词是excitedly

excitement n.兴奋,刺激,令人兴奋的事物

( 2019 ,山东卷,阅读 D)My grandmo ther is going to be 100 years old in June. She exc'itesd vebreyc ause she 's

v.锻炼,运动; n.运动;练习;体操

○1名词 exercise 表示“锻炼,运动”时,为不可数名词: do/take exercise 做运动 /锻炼身体

○2名词 exercise 表示“体操,练习”时,为可数名词,常用复数形式: do morning/eye exercises 做早操/ 眼保

健操

(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires to spend time with others. This is

good for our health too.

A. ours

B. us

C. we

18.expect

v.期望;预料,预期

用法:

○1 expect to do sth. 期望做某事; expect sb./sth. to do sth.期望??做某事

○2 expect+ that 从句,或者常用作: It is expected that 预计???:

It is expected that the weather will be good soon. 估计天气很快会好起来。

词性转换: expectation n.期待,指望; expected adj.预期的,预料的(副词 expectedly ):as expected不出所料,正如预期; unexpected adj.出乎意外的(副词 unexpectedly )

(2019 年,北京卷,完形)I don 't regret putting time and energy into the election because I 've learned that th

aren ' t always going the way eI xpect.

19.expensive adj.昂贵的,价格高的

用法: expensive 表示“贵”时,主要用于说明具体的事物,而不能用来形容 price 。试比较:

误: The price of the coat is too expensive.

正: The price of the coat is too high.

正: The coat is too expensive.

词性转换: expensively adv.昂贵地; expense n.花费,费用

近义词: dear=costly=pricey

反义词: cheap=inexpensive adj.便宜的,廉价的;

( 2019 年,浙江卷,阅读 B)

30. How can we do trampolining safely?

A. Buy an expensive trampoline.

B. Jump in the center of a trampoline.

C. Choose a trampoline without a net.

D. Lose weight before starting trampolining.

20.experience

n.经验;经历; v. 经历

关联词组: by experience 凭经验; working experience 工作经验; rich experience 丰富的经验; past experience 过去的经验

用法:

○1 experience 表示“经验,体验”时,为不可数名词:She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无

生活经验。

○2 experience 表示“经历,阅历”时,为可数名词: Tell us about your experiences in Africa. 给我们讲讲你在非洲的经历。

(2019 年,北京卷,阅读 A)It was a lifetime experience . I was able to experience Chinese living and culture from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera.

21.explain

v.解释,说明

用法:常用句式为 explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事; explain +that 从句; explain 后面也可以接反身代词,

即 explain oneself ,表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”或“解释自己的行为”。

词性转换: explanation n.解释,说明(注意: explain 变名词,并不是直接加 -ation )

( 2019 年,山东卷,完形)

To show the respect, it may be _ 12 to explain what the gift is.

12. A. necessary B. careful C. comfortable

22.express

v.表达,表述

关联词组: express oneself 表达自己的思想; express thanks to sb.向某人表达感谢

熟词僻义: n.快递;快速: express way 快车道,高速路; express train 快速列车; by express 通过快递邮寄词性转换: expression n.表达;表情: facial expression 面部表情; beyond expression 无法表达,形容不出

( 2019 年,浙江卷,阅读 B)

21. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3?

A. To explain Africans like sweets.

B. To show examples are not enough-

中考英语专题讲练细节题(含解析)

细节题 知识精讲 阅读理解是中考的必考题型,因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种,但从命题角度来看,通常可以分为四种即:细节题、推断题、猜词题和主旨题。 一、细节题简介 考察学生对于阅读材料具体事实或细节的理解能力。 二、细节题提问方式 1. 以 who, what, which, when, where, how, why等特殊疑问词开头; 2. 以according to…开头的提问方式; 3. 以true, not true, except等为标记词的提问方式; 4. 以填空形式出现的提问方式。 三、细节题分类 1. 直接信息题:直接从文中找到正确答案; 2. 间接信息题:对文章信息进行简单推理加工,判断,排除和比较等; 3. 综合分析题:综合判定分散的信息。 四、解题技巧 1. 寻找题干关键词 关键词法:名词,形容词,副词,数词,大写字母。 2. 定位原文线索句 回归原文,确定相关细节,事实等相关信息。

3. 甄别最佳选项 分析对比细节,排除干扰选项,最后确定答案。 五、常见考点位置剖析 主题句:段首---演绎性 文中---句意隐含 段尾---结论 1. 首末段,首末句:寻找主题句(topic sentence) 2. 转折处,转折词前后:作者的真实观点或事实。 表转折的标记词:but, however, yet, though, although, instead, etc. 3. 对比处,对比法:说明新老观点,正误观念和新旧事物等。 表对比的标记词:while, compare with, compare to, by contrast, on the contrary, etc. 4. 举例处:说明事实或观点。 表列举的标记词:for example, for instance, such as, etc. 5. 因果处:通过原因推结果,给出结果找原因。 表结果标记词:so, thus, therefore, as a result, etc. 表原因标记词:because (of), since, for, as, the reason, etc. 六、干扰项的特点与概括 1. 正误并存:信息部分正确,部分错误; 2. 扩大(缩小)范围:是原文信息,但故意增加或减少细节; 3. 偷换概念:符合常识,但不是文章的内容; 4. 以偏概全:与原句的内容极为相似,但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动; 5. 无中生有:明显不是文章的信息,与文中事实相反或不符; 6. 答非所问:是原文信息,但不是题干要求的内容。

精品最新2019中考英语专题讲练 名词所有格(含解析)

名词所有格 名词所有格 知识精讲 一、名词所有格的概念 名词的所有格主要是用来表示名词与名词之间的一种所属关系的,它的中文意思为“……的”。名词的所有格有两种形式:’s所有格和of所有格。 二、’s所有格 ‘s所有格一般用于有生命的名词后。以下表格为用法及例子:

三、of所有格 “of+名词”一般用来表示无生命的物体间的所属关系,如: the color of the window窗户的颜色the brake of the bicycle自行车闸 the frame of the photo相框the title of the article文章标题 注意:在许多情况下,表示人、动物、集体、时间、机构、组织等的名词都可以用of所有格代替’s所有格。例如:

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四、时间状语 1. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow 明天,后天 2. next week/ month/ year 下周/月/年 3. in +时间段(对其提问用how soon):in two days 两天后 4. in +过去时间点:in 2020在2020年 5. soon 不久以后 6. in (the) future 将来、未来 五、相关句式 三点剖析 一、考点: 一般将来时的基本用法,以及常用的时间状语。注意will 和be going to do 的用法区别。

二、易错点: 表将来时的其它形式: 1. 现在进行时表将来 下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时:go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, finish, end, arrive. 例:She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.她明天将会到达上海。 The bus is coming. 公交车要来了。 2. 一般现在时表将来 1). 下列动词的一般现在时可以表示将来:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 2). if 引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。例:If it doesn’t rain, we will go swimming tomorrow. 假如明天不下雨,我们就去游泳。 3. be about to do 表示马上就要发生的事。一般不再与具体的时间状语连用。 例:Don’t go out. We’re about to have dinner.别出去了,我们很快就要吃饭了。 4. be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 例:The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访问中国。 题模精选 题模一:基本用法

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