考博英语-613_真题-无答案

考博英语-613

(总分98.5,考试时间90分钟)

Part Ⅱ V ocabulary

1. By dint of much practice, he became ______ and was able to sign his name with either hand.

A. practical

B. tricky

C. ambiguous

D. ambidextrous

2. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854).

A. roam

B. linger

C. wonder

D. browse

3. His inability to learn foreign languages was a(n) obstacle to his career.

A. barrier

B. excess

C. carrier

D. impulse

4. Because he is ______ , we cannot predict what course he will follow at any moment.

A. incoherent

B. quiet

C. capricious

D. harmful

5. How are we going to ______ the Party's birthday?

A. celebrate

B. appreciate

C. concentrate

D. praise

6. Some people criticize family doctors for ______ too many medicines for minor illnesses.

[A] prescribing [B] ordering [C] advising [D] delivering

7. It is the first of several agreements United States hopes to reach as it attempts to reduce, labor costs by $5.8 billion and ______ bankruptcy.

A. dispel

B. revert

C. transfer

D. avert

8. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ______ the developments and recorded every detail.

[A] in [B] at [C] for [D] on

9.

10. There has been an increase in attendance at lectures ______ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.

A. developed

B. sponsored

C. advanced

D. promoted

11. She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact ______ she knows about it is all sadly out of date.

A. so little

B. that much

C. what little

D. how much

12. ______ **ing Thursday, it will be too late to enroll of the course.

A. As of

B. As for

C. As to

D. As on

13. Digging the garden with a spade is a very ______ task. I am exhausted after such two-hour's work.

A. industrious

B. manual

C. conscientious

D. laborious

14. The retired engineer plunked down $50,100 in cash for a midsize Mercedes as a present for his wife—a purchase______with money made in the stock the week before.

A. paid off

B. paid through

C. paid out

D. paid for

15. No one **e up with an easy solution to the government's predicament—labor ______ which is caused by the wars.

[A] decline [B] vacancy [C] rarity [D] shortage

16. In the past most pilots have been men, but today the number of women ______ this field is climbing.

A. shamming

B. devoting

C. registering

D. pursuing

17. The school authority ______ against students' smoking both in the classrooms and at home.

A. resolved

B. determined

C. banned

D. prohibited

18. She______his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.

A. inclined

B. declined

C. denied

D. disinclined

19. Mr. White brought a countercharge against you because you had______ him for smuggling several pieces of antiques and cultural relics.

A. charged

B. indicted

C. accused

D. prosecuted

20. No other newspaper columnist has managed as yet to rival Ann Landers' popularity in terms of readership.

A. though

B. in spite of this

C. even

D. so far

21. It is strictly ______ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.

A. secured

B. forbidden

C. regulated

D. determined

22. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.

A. being there

B. there having been

C. there was

D. should there be

23.

24. He likes to swim ______.

A. and playing football

B. and he also likes playing football

C. and to play football

D. and he likes to play football

25.

26. If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater ______ to produce.

A. incentive

B. initiative

C. instruction

D. instinct

27.

28. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ______ in any way.

[A] incurred [B] provoked [C] poked [D] intervened

29.

30. The official was arrested for inability to ______ all his fortune he has enjoyed.

A. clarify

B. intensify

C. verify

D. justify

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Passage One

The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live.

So remote is this "real" table--and most of the other "realities" with which science deals--that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive out purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt to think about it. Vibrations in the either are so totally unlike, let us say, the color purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes, not one but two separate things of which the second and less "real" must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute an objective reality to a nonexistent thing which we call "purple" is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency, so too the belief in God, however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of decay, however true the latter may he.

We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonist trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being is some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as a "truth of correspondence," and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it ; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions

which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.

31. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a "table" as being ______.

A. a solid motionless object

B. certain characteristic vibrations in "ether"

C. a form fixed in space and time

D. a mass of atoms on motion

32. By "objective reality" the author means ______.

A. scientific reality

B. a phenomenon we can directly experience

C. reality colored by emotion

D. a symbolic existence

33. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling schism between scientific truth and the world of illusions, the reader should ______.

A. try to rid himself of his world of illusion

B. accept his world as being one of illusion

C. apply the scientific method

D. establish a truth of correspondence

34. The topic of this selection is ______.

A. the distortion of reality by science

B. the confusion caused by emotions

C. Platonic and contemporary views of truth

D. the place of scientific truth in our lives

35. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is ______.

A. a humanist

B. a pantheist

C. a nuclear physicist

D. a doctor

Passage Two

The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. "The most worrisome development is a culture of drag-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著), "said the UN's 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.

The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. "Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle, "the study says.

Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). "Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion

to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of 'recreational' drug use," it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars-including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. "In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household," the study says.

The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization-which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. "Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive," says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. "Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drags," he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.

The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.

36. Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?

A. The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.

B. The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country.

C. No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.

D. The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.

37. The italicized phrase "under fire" (Par. 1, sentence 1) means ______.

A. in an urgent situation

B. facing some problems

C. being criticized

D. quite popular

38. Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?

A. They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.

B. They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.

C. They try to confront the deadly effect of "recreational" drug use.

D. They may stop abusing the drugs.

39. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?

A. The spreading of pop music.

B. The media.

C. Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.

D. The low price of some drugs,

40. The pop music ______.

A. has a great influence on young people of most cultures

B. only appeals to a small number of young people

C. is not a profitable industry

D. is the 0nly culprit (罪魁祸首) responsible for drug amuse

Passage Three

**. airlines could slash 70,000 more jobs if there were war with Iraq and the U.S. government did not give the industry, more help, the biggest domestic carriers said on Tuesday.

The Air Transport Association, which represents major airlines, said in a report on airline finances that its members would take aggressive steps to counter any sharp drop in travel demand and an increase in costs caused by an Iraqi war.

Big airlines are seeking government assistance to stem rising fuel costs and ease taxes that are contributing to losses that soared to more than $10 billion in 2002.

The industry outlined a "most likely" scenario if war broke out, saying that reduced demand and higher costs due to a conflict lasting 90 days would cost it $4 billion in lost revenue. Without a conflict, losses would still be expected to reach almost $7 billion for the year.

"The nation's air carders will continue to do all we can, but we fear that the consequences of this war will be severe," James May, president and chief executive of the air transport group, told a news conference.

May restated the industry's belief that war could prompt more bankruptcies or force some financially fragile carders into liquidation. Recovery would take several years and ticket prices would have to fall further to spur demand.

US Airways Group Inc. and UAL Corp's United Airlines are in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and some industry experts believe that AMR Corp's American Airlines, the world's biggest carrier could follow later this year.

Airlines expect overall traffic volume during a second Gulf conflict would fall more sharply than it did during the 1991 war, when it declined 8 percent after fighting began.

The airlines based their assessment on a slide of more than 20 percent in advance bookings for overseas travel after the U. S. government elevated its domestic terror alert status from yellow to orange in early February.

Jet fuel has more than doubled in price from a year ago to, $1.30 a gallon recently. Fuel is the second-largest expense after labor for an airline. An increase of one penny a gallon costs the industry an estimated $180 million annually.

41. U.S. airlines would have to suffer the following losses if there were war with Iraq except that ______.

A. the industry would have to lose $180 million revenue each year with one gallon of jet fuel increasing one penny on sale

B. the overall traffic volume is expected to drop at least over eight percent, which took place during the first gulf war

C. the U. S. government refuses to give the main **panies any essential financial sup- port

once the war broke out

D. it would take a few years to get the prewar ticket prices resumed and then to spur the passengers' riving demand

42. The countermeasures the nation's main air carriers would take to prevent any sharp drop in travel demand may include ______.

Ⅰ. seeking government financial assistance

Ⅱ. asking for low tax rate

Ⅲ. promoting more bankruptcies and forcing some weak **panies into liquidation

A. Ⅰonly

B. Ⅰand Ⅱ

C. Ⅰand Ⅲ

D. Ⅱand Ⅲ

43. The sentence "... AMR, Corp's American Airlines, the world's biggest carder, could follow later this year" ( Paragraph 7) can best be restated as ______.

A. it would also seek bankruptcy protection

B. it would have to spur its passengers' demand for tickets

C. it would have to take aggressive steps to avoid bankruptcy

D. it would call for more financial subsidy from the government for its survival

44. The phrase "force some financially fragile carries into liquidation" (Paragraph 6 ) may probably mean ______.

A. compel them to reduce their flight

B. make them do nothing but to declare bankruptcy

C. push them to be destroyed

D. bring them into a liquid state

45. From the passage we can conclude that ______

A. the writer intends to show his strong anti-war position

B. the writer tells what the American air transportation industry would have to worry about in facing the war against Iraq

C. the writer shows deep sympathy for the sufferings the war would bring to Iraqi people

D. the writer wants to show indignation against George Bush' s position on Iraqi problem Passage Four

Charm is the ultimate weapon, the supreme seduction, against which there are few defenses. If you've got it, you need almost nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedigree. (41) It is a gift, only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. It is also a climate of behavior set for perpetual summer and controlled by taste and tact.

Real charm is dynamic, an enveloping spell which mysteriously enslaves the senses. It is an inner light, fed on reservoirs of benevolence which well up like a thermal spring. It is unconscious, often nothing but the wish to please, and cannot be turned on and off at will.

(42) You recognize charm by the felling you get in its presence. You know who has it. But can you get it, too? Probably, you can't, because it's a quickness of spirit, an originality of touch you have to be born with. Or it's something that grows naturally out of another quality, like the simple desire to make people happy. Certainly, charm is not a question of learning tricks, like wrinkling your nose, or having a laugh in your voice, or gaily tossing your hair out of your dancing eyes. (43)

Such signs, to the nervous, are ominous warnings which may well send him streaking for cove. On the other hand, there is an antenna, a built-in awareness of others, which most people have, and which care can nourish.

But in a study of charm, what else does one look for? Apart from the ability to listen-rarest of all human virtues and most difficult to sustain without vagueness-apart form warmth, sensitivity, and the power to please, what else is there visible? (44) A generosity, I suppose, which makes no demands, a transaction which strikes no bargains which doesn't hold itself back till you've filled up a test-card making it clear that you've worth the trouble. Charm can't withhold, but spends itself willingly on young and old alike, on the poor, the ugly, the dim, the boring, on the last fat man in **er. (45) It reveals also in a sense of ease, in casual but perfect manners, and often in a physical grace which springs less from an accident of youth than from a confident serenity of mind. Any person with this is more than just a popular fellow, he is also a social healer.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

Passage Five

A number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students' learning English as a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/ strategies used by two students in a Hong Kong Technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed and some implications highlighted.

What makes a "good" language learner "good", and what makes a "poor" language learner "poor"? What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context? These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies. Learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and age (Ellis, 1986: Chap. 5) and strategies refer to "techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information" (Chabot, 1987: 71). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either "good" or "poor".

Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O'Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher of English working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students

seems to be a fruitful area of research.

In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects. As the existing research points out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety. (Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes. Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they affect success or failure in particular language learning situation.

Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students.

51. In Paragraph 2 "learner variables" and "strategies" are defined by reference to other writers ______.

A. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important concepts

B. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important definitions

C. because the present author is not sure what these terms mean

D. because the present author wishes to redefine the scope of research in this area

52. The main point of Paragraph 2 is ______.

A. to define technical terms

B. to define terms and scope of the study

C. to outline the main sections of the report

D. to summarize the area to be covered in the article

53. In Paragraph 3 the writer uses the phrase "to the best of my knowledge..." because ______.

A. she has good knowledge of this area

B. she is not sure if the area has been researched in Hong Kong

C. she thinks the area has been researched in Hong Kong

D. she does not wish to take responsibility for any omissions in the bibliography

54. The reference to "Naiman and his colleagues (1978)" in Paragraph 4 is made ______.

A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach

B. to point out that language learning strategies can be identified

C. to point out that different learners learn differently

D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations

55. The main point of Paragraph 5 is ______.

A. to describe the existing research in the field

B. to point out the limits of research in this area

C. to describe learning strategies identified as so

D. to summarize the scope of the present article

56. According to this passage, research in this area is characterized as ______.

A. empirically observable

B. often impossible to observe directly

C. poorly defined in the research literature to date

D. easier to theorize about than to carry out directly

Part Ⅳ Cloze

In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (21) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (22) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (23) are not solely fixed by the genes (24) , the learn ing that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (25) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best (26) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly (27) they hatch, ducklings fix (28) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (29) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considera bly (30) , even ones that have a considerable base (31) by genetics.

Even among the social insects something like imprinting (32) influence social behav ior. For example, biologists once thought **municated with others purely (33) in stinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could **municate effec tively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learn ing rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, gen erally (34) very good mother but Jane Goodali reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or (35) fail to nurture the young.

57. A. than B. before C. when D. after

58. A. on B. with C. in D. within

59. A. appropriated B. substituted C. assigned D. distributed

60. A. varied B. deviated C. differed D. altered

61. A. fashioned B. modified C. influenced D. affected

62. A. may B. should C. must D. can

63. A. by B. out of C. from D. through

64. A. prove B. make C. turn D. create

65. A. otherwise B. still C. yet D. even

66. A. assumed B. adopted C. believed D. surmised

67. A. considerate B. considered C. considerable D. considering

68. A. statues B. statuses C. statutes D. statures

69. A. What's more B. Hence C. But D. However

70. A. not B. only C. but D. solely

71. A. clarifies B. classifies C. defines D. outlines

Part Ⅴ Translation

72. “我的英语有多好?”对任何学习英语的人来说是最重要的一个问题。知道这个问题的答案不仅有助于你的信心，而且如果你想取得更多的进步，知道这个答案是有用的，因为一旦知道已经达到一个水平，你就会开始向下一个水平进军。考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要作用——考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊。如果你想到英语国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要了。

Part Ⅵ Writing

73. Topic: With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an **petition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.