考博英语-448_真题-无答案
考博英语-448
(总分76,考试时间90分钟)
SectionⅠVocabulary
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1. Her ease has attracted an enormous______of public sympathy.
A. sum
B. deal
C. amount
D. number
2. The poor mother lacked her husband's capacity for discipline, and found herself ______her headstrong son.
A. against the will of
B. in the way of
C. at the mercy of
D. in terms of
3. American women were______the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored
B. denied
C. refused
D. neglected
4. This **mittee was established for well-integrated members of the society and not for______individuals.
A. marginal
B. minor
C. eccentric
D. distinctive
5. Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007. **ments break his long public silence on the issue and place him______with the administration.
A. at will
B. at ease
C. at times
D. at odds
6. ______couples generally share the same values and have similar lifestyles and goals.
A. Consistent
B. Amiable
C. Sympathetic
D. Compatible
7. What an outrageous suggestion, young man—I'm a______married woman!
A. respecting
B. respected
C. respectful
D. respective
8. It's easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the facts and act
A. consequently
B. accordingly
C. successfully
D. excessively
9. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this______produces artificial cold surrounding it.
A. absorption
B. dissemination
C. assimilation
D. interaction
10. We cannot be______the choices that our children are going to make, even though we have contributed to those choices.
A. subject to
B. susceptible to
C. accountable for
D. crazy about
11. I cannot thank you______much for your kindness, for I owe my success to you.
A. so
B. very
C. too
D. as
12. Written primarily for a specialized but diverse body of scholars, this book______ the attention of those interested in seventeenth-century English literature.
A. warrants
B. proposes
C. acclaims
D. distills
13. The students on the school bus were______for half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for class that morning.
A. held up
B. kept off
C. taken back
D. put off
14. In the past, competition for jobs caused different______groups to be hostile toward each other.
A. sexist
B. ethnic
C. gracious
D. classic
15. The stream overflowed and the flood______all of the farmland in the are
A. A. submerged
B. sank
C. soaked
D. stripped 16. She took a(n)______to the house as soon as she saw it.
A. preference
B. affection
C. attention
D. fancy
17. The most significant measure we should take to stop terrorists is to______them of material and moral support from within the country.
A. squeeze
B. eliminate
C. prevent
D. deprive
18. I want to know if I need to complete a FAFSA form in order to be______for any type of financial aid.
A. eligible
B. competent
C. proper
D. legitimate
19. The old musician decided to move to her country home______her advanced age and poor health.
A. with regard to
B. by virtue of
C. on account of
D. at the verge of
20. He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming______and to stimulate their desire to learn more.
A. pessimistic
B. complacent
C. perplexed
D. complicated
Section Ⅱ Cloze
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are font choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( **mitted by young people) focus
either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that **mit crimes in (24) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (25) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) the fact that children from wealthy homes **mit crimes. The latter **mit crimes (27) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) **mon in the traditional family structure.
21.
A. acting
B. relying
C. centering
D. commenting
22.
A. before
B. unless
C. until
D. because
23.
A. interaction
B. assimilation
C. cooperation
D. consultation
24.
A. return
B. reply
C. reference
D. response
25.
A. or
B. but rather
C. but
D. or else
26.
A. considering
B. ignoring
C. highlighting
D. discarding
27.
A. on
B. in
C. for
D. with
28.
A. immune
B. resistant
C. sensitive
D. subject
29.
A. affect
B. reduce
C. check
D. reflect
30.
A. point
B. lead
C. come
D. amount
31.
A. in general
B. on average
C. by contrast
D. at length
32.
A. case
B. short
C. turn
D. essence
33.
A. survived
B. noticed
C. undertaken
D. experienced
34.
A. contrarily
B. consequently
C. similarly
D. simultaneously
35.
A. than
B. that
C. which
D. as
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.
1
Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc., while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).
When this happens, the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook **pany because they become familiar with the trading range.
Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits by over 100%, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different—despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's **panies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.
Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of﹩36.10 and﹩54.30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of﹩1.40 and paid a cash dividend of﹩0.50 per share. Corporate per share book value was ﹩2.48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of﹩40.30 and﹩45.30 per share;squarely in the
middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around﹩2.16 (a rise of 54%), the cash dividend has more than doubled to﹩1.20, book value is expected to have grown to ﹩7.40 per share (a gain of nearly 300%), and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的) has actually decreased from 2.481 billion to an estimated 2.355 billion due to **pany's share repurchase program.
36. This passage is probably a part of______.
A. Find Hidden Value in the Market
B. Become Richer
C. Get Good Bargains
D. Identify Good Companies
37. The italicized word "stagnant" (Line 4, Par
A. 1) can be best paraphrased as______.A. prominent
B. terrible
C. unchanged
D. progressing
38. Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because______.
A. it has stored a large quantity of goods
B. it has become financially more powerful
C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy
D. it is a good way to compete with other **panies
39. All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT______.
A. the cash dividend has increased
B. the earning power has become stronger
C. both businesses have continued to grow
D. the stock price has greatly decreased
40. According to the author, one had better______.
A. buy more shares when the stock price falls down
B. sell out the shares when the stock price falls down
C. do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down
D. invest in the business when its stock price falls down
2
Today's college students are more narcissistic (自恋的) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society.
"We need to stop endlessly repeating 'You're special' and having children repeat that back," said the study's lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State Universi- ty. "Kids are self-centered enough already. " "Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others," he said. The study asserts that narcissists "are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors. " Twenge, the author of Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before, said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.
Some analysts **mended today's young people for **mitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skepticaiiy, noting that many high schools **munity service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications.
Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced (非常明显的) that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. "Permissiveness seems to be a component," he said. "A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for. "
Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.
Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁，灰心) by **petitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. "We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way," Kader said. "I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships. "
Karl Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. "People are worried about themselves—but in the sense of where they're going to find a place in the world," she said."People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world. "
Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. "It would be more depressing if people answered, 'No, I'm not special. '\
41. According to the passage, a narcissistic person may______.
A. hate criticism
B. be dishonest to his/her partner
C. be unwilling to help others
D. all the above
42. The italicized word "commended" (Line 1, Par
A. 3) means______.A. praised
B. criticized
C. recommended
D. disfavored
43. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences.
B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.
C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.
D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.
44. It is implied that______.
A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism
B. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the study
C. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study
D. college students are pessimistic about their future
45. It is proper to be______when you hear someone say "I'm special. "
A. objective
B. pessimistic
C. optimistic
D. worried
3
The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly
rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.
The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to over-see a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.
Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, the National Federation of Independent Business, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. "This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights," said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫，威胁) from unions.
Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real **es from employers. "Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't," Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.
Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret bal-lot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. "On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day," said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central I.abor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.
The bill has other provisions (规定，条款) as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration (仲裁) when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under **pul- sory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, "borderline unconstitutional. " "I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract," said Straczewski.
The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties **panies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.
46. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. House bill aims to spur labor union growth.
B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth.
C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.
D. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees'incom
47. According to its opponents, the bill______.
A. will protect employees' rights
B. will benefit workers by binding contracts
C. will empower unions too much
D. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions
48. The word "it" (Line 5, Par
A. 5) refers to______.A. the change
B. the legislation
C. the AFL-CIO
D. the difference
49. People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT______.
A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries
B. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level
C. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on between a recently established union and a company
D. the bill will strengthen the punishment **panies which illegally coerce or threaten employees
50. It is implied that______.
A. fewer private industries joined unions in the past
B. workers' coercion **es from unions
C. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employers
D. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter
4
Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many people's views on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.
Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Ken- tucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger (趾高气昂) outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in 1965, changing his name to Muhammad All and refusing to join the U.S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks.
W. E. B. Du Bois Born William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868, this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist and historian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), edited The Crisis magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, The Souls of Black Folk, published in 1903, he predicted "the problem of 20th century [would be] the problem of the color-line. "
Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement. He spearheaded (带头，作先锋) a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sitins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes toward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965. Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's 1992 movie Malcolm X was released.
Jaekie Robinson In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962, he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
51. Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad All?
A. He never served in the army.
B. He learned to fight at an early age.
C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.
D. He loves peac
52. The italicized word "prolific" (Line 2, Par
A. 3) is synonymous to______.A. smart
B. skilled
C. productive
D. pioneering
53. According to the passage, which of the following Statements is NOT true?
A. W.E.
B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B. Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S. major baseball leagues throughout his life.
C. Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rightsmovements.
D. Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his deat
54. What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?
A. Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highiy recognized.
B. Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death.
C. All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.
D. All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.
55. Which of the following can be the title of the passage?
A. Life of Famous African Americans.
B. Influence of Famous African Americans.
C. Political Pioneers: Icons and Intellectuals.
D. Cultural Pioneers: Icons and Intellectuals.
Section Ⅳ Translation
In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.
1. Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
"Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos, meaning "human", and logos, meaning "study of". By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Section Ⅴ Writing
Write a **position of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: 1. Topic: China's Auto Industry
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