考博英语词汇考题详解

考博英语词汇考题详解
考博英语词汇考题详解

考博英语词汇考题解密

一、动词

动词及短语动词是博士生入学英语考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。该项目对考生的测试点包括:1)动词的认知能力和辨别能力;2)动词用法的掌握程度;3)动词搭配关系的熟练程度。据初步统计在研究生入学考试5500个词汇中,大约有五分之一是动词及动词词组。因此,掌握好这批词汇直接关系到能否通过博士生入学英语词汇部分的考试。

在动词部分中,考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力,即遇见一个动词后,能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词义。如:evolve v.,第一个词义是“使发展”,第二个词义是“使进化”,第三个词义是“推论”。在考试中,检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的;考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词义。在具备认知能力的基础上,考生还需掌握这些词汇的基本用法。如:forbid v. 后面不能用to smoke,只能用动词+ing的形式,即smoking;Occur v. (发生),只能用于主动语态,不能以被动的形式出现。最后,还要熟悉动词的基本搭配关系。如:concentrate和associate两个动词,其后面的介词一般只能是on和with。以下是按照上面三种情况出现的词汇题:

1. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____.

A. ticked away

B. gone out

C. broken off

D. rung up

2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism.

A. supplies

B. specifies

C. presents

D. withhold

3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days.

A. decide

B. refrain

C. surpass

D. delay

第一句表示“外交关系终止”需用动词词组“break off"。

第二句中的"provide",第一个词义是“提供”或“供应”,第二个词义是“规定”。四个选择项中,“specify” 含有“规定”的意思,因此B是正确答案。第三句中只有“delay”一词的后面可以采用动名词,所以应该选择D。

考生在平时复习时,可以有意识地按照以上三点记忆动词和短语动词。在准备动词词汇部分时,考生还需注意以下几点。

1. 不规则动词的词形变化: 有一定数量的动词,其过去式和过去分词与原形不同。这部分词汇在测试中起到较强的干扰作用。在5500词汇中类似动词较多,以下仅举部分例子:

动词原形过去式过去分词

bear忍受bore borne,born

bend弯曲bent bent

bid 表示 bade, bid bidden bid

breed 繁殖bred bred

abide 遵守abode,abided abode,abided

arise 升起 arose arisen

awake唤醒 awoke woke, awaken

fling 扔,抛flung flung

forbid禁止forbade, forbad forbidden

freeze 结冰 froze frozen

shred 撕碎shredded, shred

shredded,shred

cast 投,掷 cast cast

creep 爬 crept crept

dwell 留居dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled

2. 动词词形相近,词义不同: 有些动词在词形上相似,但其词义是不同的。考生在平时复习时,需注意对它们的辨别。

例:compliment vt. 赞美: He is complimented for his fine work.

complement vt. 补充: They need to complement the factory with more workers.

adapt vt. 使适应: We have to adapt our thinking to the new circumstances.

adopt vt. 采用: They have adopted close planting.

类似的动词还有:

inquire vt. 打听,询问

require vt. 要求,命令

compel vt. 强迫,迫使屈从

impel vt. 促成,推动

compress vt. 挤压

comprise vt. 包括

confirm v. 证实

conform v. 符合

affect vt.影响

effect vt. 产生,引起

award vt. 授予!给予

reward vt. 奖赏,报答

ensure vt. 保证,担保

insure vt. 给……保险

rescue vt. 援救,营救

secure vt. 保护,使……安全

extinguish vt. 熄灭

distinguish vt. 区别,辨别

wander vt. 漫游

wonder vt. 惊叹

contract vt. 缔结,订约

contact vt. 使接触

respect vt. 尊重

suspect vt. 猜想

类似的形近义不同的动词还有些,注意了它们之间的词义差别,也有利于我们对这些动词的记忆与辨认。

3. 动词词义相近,用法不同

consist vt. 一般用于主动态: This class consists of forty students.

compose vt. 常用于被动语: This country is composed of ten nations.

insist v.后面需用介词on。He insisted on going to the hospital tomorrow.

persist v.后面需用介词in。He persisted in working on this experiment.

arrive vi.后面需采用at, in, on等介词。He arrived in Bejing yesterday.

reach vt.及物动词,直接跟宾语: They reached the village yesterday.

4. 动词后需用动名词: 有一批动词的后面只能使用动名词。在词汇考试部分中,有时要求考生能够正确判断动词的这一用法。这类常见动词有:

anticipate avoid delay envy escape miss mind risk band enjoy complete imagine consider deny practice acknowledge appreciate favor facilitate postpone quit resent resume include favor deny

例:He will consider giving us a chance to do the experiment.

resume permit

5.动词后需用不定式: 英语动词中,还有一些动词的后面只能使用不定式。这类常见动词有:

claim arrange demand determine expect intend pretend promise afford refuse decide seek agree care learn manage presume desire consent prepare resolve undertake consented decided

例:She refused to offer her help.

agreed intended

6. 动词后可用动名词或不定式: 还有一些动词的后面即可以使用动名词,也可以使用不定式。常见这类动词有:

continue dislike prefer begin like propose remember deserve regret intend neglect attempt forget 7. 动词固定搭配: 动词的固定搭配是英语测试中的一个很重要的项目。动词的搭配关系主要反映在动词与介词、动词与名词的关系上。下面分组做一简单的介绍:

1)动词与介词的搭配:

call for 要求,需要call off取消,放弃

carry off 夺取,夺去come by得到,获得

come up to达到,符合cut down削减,降低

break down损害,分解

break off终止,中断

break out逃出,爆发

break through突破,突围

bring about 产生,引起

bring forward 提出,提议

drop off 减弱, 减少

drop out退出, 离队

get over克服give away泄漏

get across使人了解get at够得着

2)动词与名词的搭配

arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

take in to consideration考虑到

commit a crime 犯罪

make a decision 决定

reach an agreement达成协议

break one's promise 违约

take action 采取行动

keep balance 保持平衡

catch one's breath 喘气

accept a challenge 应战

take a risk 承担风险

keep sb. company 陪伴某人

keep one's head 保持镇定

lose heart 失去勇气

take shape 成型,形成

resist temptation 抵制诱惑

3)动词与名词和介词的搭配

have control over 对……控制

attach importance to 重视

hold an inquiry into sth. 某事进行调查

gain an advantage over 胜过,优于

make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人

make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉

make comments on sth. 评论某事

lose contact with 与……失去联系

express sympathy for 对某人表示慰问

二. 名词

(一)名词的特点

英语和其他语种一样,其名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词以及连词都有各自不同的特点。在学习名词时,应注意名词的一些特点。奉节着重谈一下名词的构成和名词的复数。

1.名词的构成

(1) 除了英语本族语及少量外来语等拼写简单的名词外,名词多数是由希腊及拉丁词根加上前缀、后缀构成。大量的名词后缀是表示性质、状态和行为的。如:

-ance importance (重要性)

-ence independence (独立)

-ion selection (选择)

-ition addition (增加)

-sion conclusion (结论)

-ation hydration (水化)

-ity productivity(生产力)

-ment movement (运动)

-ship hardship (艰难)

-ness weariness (厌倦)

-y difficulty (困难)

表示“……人”、“……者”的后缀,除了-er、-or、-ar、-ee、-eer、-ese、-ess等大家熟悉的以外,还有:-ian musician (音乐家)

-ain captain (船长)

-ant occupant (居住者)

-ent dependent (依赖他人者)

-ary secretary (书记,秘书)

-yer lawyer (律师) sawyer (锯木工)

-ate candidate (候选人)

-al rival (对手)

-ist socialist (社会主义者)

-icist physicist (物理学家)

表示地点、处所的有:

-age orphanage (孤儿院)

-ium auditorium (礼堂)

-ary granary (谷仓)

-ery surgery (手术室)

-ory laboratory (实验室)

表示科技学科名称及观测试验方法或技术的有:

-graphy seismography (地震测量法)

-ic logic (逻辑学)

-ics electronics (电子学)

-logy zoology (动物学)

在认知名词时,也切忌望文生义。如下列单词,似乎不是名词,但它们确实是名词。请写出它们的词义:

1. wireless___

2.captive___

2. coefficient ___ 4. graduate ___

5.alternative____

6.exclusive____

https://www.360docs.net/doc/a26056768.html,bustible____

8. functionary ____

(2)有些名词是由其他词类转换而来。如由形容词转来的the old (老年人),the wounded (受伤者,伤员),the sick (病人);由短语动词come out转来的outcome (结果),cry out转来的outcry (强烈反对),还有well-being (福利),等等。

2. 词的复数

改-y为-i+-es,在-o后加-es或-s,改-f为-v+-es,大家都已熟知。研究生英语大纲及有关词汇表所列名词中有一些大家不太熟悉的名词复数形式。现介绍如下:

(1) 以-f结尾的名词,构成复数时只加-s,如:

cliffs(悬崖) griefs (忧愁) gulfs(海湾) proofs(证据)

有些以-f结尾的名词可有两种复数形式。如:

dwarf-dwarfs/dwarves(侏儒) hoof-hoofs/hooves(蹄)

handkerchief--handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手帕)

(2)源自拉丁语、希腊语及法语的一部分外来词的复数形式仍然保留不变。

1)来自拉丁语的:

stratum/strata(地层)

larva/larvae(昆虫的幼虫)

stimulus/stimuli(刺激)

bacterium/bacteria(细菌)

2)来自希腊语的:

analysis/analyses(分析)

hypothesis/hypotheses(假设)

synopsis/synopses(概要, 大意)

thesis/theses(论文,论题)

criterion/criteria(标准)

phenomenon/phenomena(现象)

(3) 一些外来词兼有原有复数形式和英语规则复数形式。

外来词原有复数英语规则复数

nucleus(拉) nuclei nucleuses(原子核)

syllabus(拉) syllabi syllabuses(大纲, 课程表)

medium(拉) media mediums(媒体)

symposium(拉) symposia symposiums(座谈会)

appendix(拉) appendices appendixes(附录,盲肠)

plateau(法) plateaux plateaus(高地)

(4)复合名词的复数形式。

1).daughter-in-law----daughters-in-law)

2).looker-on--lookers-on(旁观者)

3).man-servant--menservants(男仆)

4).air-raid--air-raids(空袭) stand-by-stand-bys(可依靠的人或物)

(5)一些名词的单复数意义不同。

kindness(善意)---kindnesses(善行)

anxiety(焦虑)----anxieties(令人忧虑之事)

security(安全)----securities(证券,债券)

(6)有些名词的复数形式兼有单数形式的意义和新的意义。

colour颜色

colours颜色/军旗

letter字母;信

letters字母; 信/文学,学问

manner方式,方法

manners方式,方法/礼貌

pain痛

pains痛/努力

scale鳞;尺度

scales鳞;尺度/磅秤

(二)同义词学习

我们在学习名词时碰到的问题主要是认知方面的。准确地掌握名词所表示的概念的外延和内涵是学会正确使用名词的基础。学习同义词是帮助我们更好地认知、理解、掌握名词的方法之一。学习同义词时要注意不能从中文释义出发,而应仔细研究英文原文定义及注释,搞清名词所表示的概念的内涵和外延。例如:

The reproductive potentialities of aphides are unmatched in the insect world.

A. 1atent capacity

B. power

C. strength

D. mentality

potentialities,latent capacity,power,strength和mentality这些词都有“力”这个概念的内涵,相当于逻辑上讲的“各个种概念都具有属概念的内涵”。但这些词又有各自特有的内涵,这些内涵又属于“力”的不同外延。potentiality:power or quality which is potential,and needs development,指潜能,潜力;与latent capacity“隐藏的能力”一致。power:1) ability to do or act指行动的能力; 2) faculty of the body or mind指精力,体力,智力;3) strength or force指力,力气;4) energy or force that can be used to work指动力,机力;5) right,control,authority指权,权力,势力。Strength: 1) quality of being strong指力量、强度;

2) power measured by numbers of persons present or persons who can be used指实力,兵力或人数。mentality:general intellectual character;degree of intellectual power指精神力,智力。

在于解了上述各词的共同点(即“属概念”的内涵),又明白了它们各自的特有属性(即“种概念”的内涵)后,区别它们也就不难了:potentiality和latent capacity的内涵一样,是同义词;power是最基本的“行动能力”,又具有“力”的不同外延如精力、体力、智力、动力、机力、权力、势力;strength除了具有“力”的不同外延如实力、兵力外,则强调力量的“quality'’;mentality则主要指智力及其“degree”。

此外,表示“环境”的名词也有好几个。settings具体指舞台背景,故事发生地点,背景音乐等。它和environment在此时是一个意思,即外部环境。circumstance的单、复数都是指外部的环境,相关的人或事,有影响力的人或事。condition的复数表示环境、情形等外部状况,和circumstances同义。surrounding 的单、复数也是指周围事物,即“环境”。但要表示舞台背景,故事背景,背景音乐等意思,还是得用“setting(s)”。

总之,学习同义词时要多研读英文释义,认真体会,才能获得真经。

三、形容词

形容词是博士入学英浯考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。因为形容词是英语三大实词之一,是英语语言文字中意义较丰富、用法较积极的一部分。该项目的测试点包括:1)形容词的认知能力和辨别能力;2)词形及词义相近的形容词的区分;3)形容词和介词的搭配。在国家颁布的硕士生和博士生英语教学大纲附录的词汇表中有相当比例的形容词及与其紧密相关的副词,在各种研究生入学考试和模拟考试中也涉及为数不少的形容词。掌握好形容词有助于考生考试时答题顺利,也为全面掌握英语这门语言打下基础。考生平时学习中应注意积累大量词汇,每学一个单词要知道它的词性、主要词义及其与介词的搭配。认知能力和辨别能力是基础、就是说,见到一组形容词首先要清楚它们的基本含义和用法;其次

是辨别这组形容词词义和用法的不同;再次是把这些词义和用法与句子具体的语境结合起来,最后就可确定题目的正确答案。此类题目出现频率较高。例如:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/a26056768.html, sets are rapidly becoming accessible to the people in the remote areas.

A. doubtful

B. obtainable

C. imaginary

D. negligible

2.All the off-shore explorers were in good mood when they read ____ letters from their family.

A. affectionate

B. intimate

C. passionate

D. considerate

3. All the girls seem to be ____ of her beauty and intelligence.

A. envious

B. indifferent

C. distinct

D. enthusiastic

例句1题干中“accessible”词义为“可以接近的,可以弄到的”,选项中doubtful为“持怀疑态度的”;obtainable“可以获得的”;imaginary“想象中的”。答案显然是B。例句2中的四个选项的拼写有些类似。根据语境和阅读,我们可以确定句子需要一个含有“充满感情的”含义的词,affectionate便是答案了。例句3中只有envious(嫉妒的,羡幕的)和介词of搭配。

考生在考前复习时要注意下面几个方面的问题,它们极易成为出题的重点:

1. 注意词形相近的形容词。如:conspicuous,miraculous,meticulous,incredulous,

2. 注意积累大量的同义词和反义词。如wonderful的同义词有:marvelous, excellent,extraordinary,remarkable,miraculous,prodigious等。如generous的反义词有:miserly,mean,stingy,selfish等。

3. 注意把形容词的学习和动词的学习结合起来。如:indicate-indicative;receive-- receptive;inquire-inquisitive等。

4. 注意把形容词的学习和名词结合起。如:defect-defective,intention-intentional等。

5. 注意以-1y结尾的单词的词性。名词加-1y多构成形容词。如:heavenly,womanly,worldly等。

6. 注意有的单词在拼写不变的情况下既是名词,又是形容词。如:choice goods上等品;quality apple 优等苹果;minute particles微小的颗粒。

7. 注意有些不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化形式。如:

原级比较级最高级

good better best

bad worse worst

little less (1esser) least

far farther(further) farthest (furthest)

考生在复习当中要注意学会用归纳法和联想法记忆单词。下面举几个形容词和介词搭配的例子。

1. 与介词搭配的形容词:

guilty, jealous, envious, ignorant, hopeful, aware, conscious, considerate, thoughtful, desirous, short, irrespective, exclusive, independent, tolerant, worthy, capable, sure, certain, confident, critical, characteristic, suspicious, dubious, wary 等等

2.与介词to 搭配的形容词:

accessible, available, accustomed, adjacent, advantageous, beneficial, alert, alien, agreeable, comparative, attentive, awake, pertinent, relevant, subject, susceptible, contrary 等等

3.与介词with 搭配的形容词:

consistent, compatible, identical, popular, satisfied等等

扼要介绍以上内容,希望起到抛砖引玉的作用。英语考试大纲中没有明确规定哪些词汇和短语需要熟练掌握,哪些只需要认识。因此,考生要尽可能多地熟练掌握考试大纲所涉及的词汇和词组。

四、副词

副词也是博士生入学英语考试中的一个重要项目。在这部分词类中,要求考生能够正确地识别副词的形式以及词义。在这一章中,我们将介绍副词的分类、用法、构成及特点,帮助考生熟悉考试的形式。

(一) 副词的分类

副词按其词义和作用可分为下列几类:

1. 时间副词,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,等。

2. 频率副词,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。

3. 地点、方向副词,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。

4. 方式副词,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。

5. 强调副词,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。

6. 疑问、连接副词,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。

(二)副词的用法

1. 修饰动词: The girl threw the ball quickly.

2. 修饰形容词: The job is too hard to him.

3. 修饰其他副词: He drives rather fast.

4. 修饰小品词: They let her well behind.

5. 修饰不定代词和数词:

Nearly everybody came to out party.

7. 修饰名词:Life here is full of Joy.

9. 修饰全句:

Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.

(三)副词的构成

1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的。如:politely,sadly;当形容词以-y结尾时。在加-1y之前,先变-y为-i:heavily,busily;以-1e结尾时去-e加-y即可:simply,ably;以-ll结尾时,只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic结尾时,则在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。

2. 由名词加-ly构成的副词,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。

3. 由数词加-1y构成的副词,如:firstly。

4. 由不定代词加-1y构成的副词,如:mostly。

5. 由介词加-ly构成的副词,如:overly。

6. 由短语加-1y构成的副词, 如: matter-of-factly。

7. 由各种词类加前缀-a或后缀-fashion,-ways,-style构成的副词,如:alike,

round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。

8. 有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成,意义是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。

9. 另外,有些副词是由名词加后缀-wise构成,表示方向、位置、状态、样子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。

四、与形容词同形的副词

有些形容词与副词同形,但有着不同的句法功能。如:

We had an early breakfast.

We had breakfast early.

early在第一句中是形容词,做定语;在第二句中是副词,做状语。有些表示时间的如:daily,weekly,quarterly,monthly,yearly也能做如此用法。

(五)兼有两种形式的副词

有些副词有两种形式:一是与形容词同形,二是由该形容词加-1y构成。这两种不同的形式,有些含义相同,有些略有不同,有些完全不同。如:

1. close做“近”解:

He lives close to the school. He was following close behind.

做其他解释时用closely:

Watch what I do closely. The prisons were closely guarded. .

2. dead做“突然地, 完全地”解:

She stopped dead.

在非正式用语中作“完全地”“直接地”解:

He was dead tired. The wind was dead against us.

deadly做“死一般地”或“非常”解,

例如:deadly pale,deadly serious,deadly dull等。

3. direct做“直线地”“不绕圈子地”解:

The train goes there direct . The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome; it goes by way of Paris.

做“直接地”(即“间接地”的反义词)解时用directly:

He was looking directly at us. She answered me very directly and openly.

directly也可以做“立即”或“马上”解:

Answer me directly. Let's meet directly after lunch.

有些词,如:above,in, on,around,away,off等,在与动词搭配时,其后面没有宾语,这些词是做副词。请看以下例句:

They looked around. Let’s go on with the work.

上面两句中的around和on都是副词。

(六)副词的词序

1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。

The building is very high. He came long before the appointed time.

2. 副词修饰动词。

不及物动词+副词:She speaks well.

及物动词+受词+副词:She speaks English well.

3. 地点副词和时间副词可置于句首或句末,放在句首时语气较强。

I was born in Zhejiang in 1963.

4. 频度副词的位置。

在一般动词前:They always say so.

有be动词时,在be动词后:

I am always busy.

有助动词时,在助动词和本动词之间:This job will never be finished.

5. 两个以上的副词词序。单位较小者+单位较大者:

The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China.

6. 两个以上不种类的副词词序。

地点+状态+次数+时间:

She arrived there safely the other day.

程度十状态+地点十时间:

They played fairly well there yesterday.

五、介词

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。一些常用介词的搭配能力非常强,可用来表示各种不同的意思,大部分的习惯用语都是由介词和其他词构成的,所以介词出现在英语测试的各个项目中。对介词的测试点主要包括:1)一些主要介词的基本意思的掌握程度;2)介词与其他词特别是动词、形容词和名词的搭配的掌握程度。所以在准备介词词汇时,考生应该注意以下几点:

1. 介词在句子中不能独立充当一个成分,而是需要和一个名词或相当于名词的结构一起构成介词短语,从而在句子中充当一个成分。能和介词一起构成介词短语的有:

1) 名词。如:

The car crashed into the train, and two men in it were killed on the spot.

2) 代词。如:

“What does your car look like?” “That is similar in shape with yours.”

3) 动名词(短语)。如:

The prosecutor accused the man of smuggling.

4)由连接代(副)词引起的从句或不定式短语。如:

I am preparing for what to say in the interview.

2. 关于介词和动词的搭配,考生应该注意:

1)在什么动词后需要跟什么介词,如:rely on依靠,指望;consult with和…商议;remark on就……发表看法,评论。

2)同一个动词在什么情况下跟不同的介词,如:match to使和……相等/match up调谐,相配;使互相吻合/match up to跟上……的水平(形势等);gear to使合适/gear up促进,增加。

3. 不同的形容词后有时需跟特定的介词,如:be strict with 对…严格;be sick for思念;be loyal to忠于。

4. 不同的名词后也常常需跟不同的介词。如:confidence in对…的信心;satisfaction with对……满意;loyalty to对……的忠诚。

5. 介词还可以和名词构成成语。如:for instance例如;in proportion成比例,按正确比例,按本来大小(看事物),客观地;in general通常,大体上,一般而言。

六. 连词

连词是一种虚词,不能独立担任句子成分,只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。连词一般分为并列连词(连接平行的词、词组或分句)和从属连词(用来引起分句)。除了连词外,许多连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词都可以用来引起一个从句。还有一些副词,如anyway,therefore,also,still等也有类似的作用。另外,有些词组,如: on the other hand,for that reason等也可以帮助前后文更加连贯。考生在准备连词时应注意以下几个问题。

1. 连接两个分句,一个连词就够了。容易出错的典型例子是:

Although he was tired, but he went to work. Because she liked him, so she went out with him.

在上面所提到的两个例子中,我们可以选用although或but,because或so,不能

同时使用两个连词。但是连接三个分句时,可以用两个连词。如:

Although he was tired, he went to work, but he didn't stay there long.

类似的错误还有把that和where,how或whether连在一起用。如:

I asked him that how he was working. l wondered that where he lived.

2. 关系代词who,whom和which的一个特殊用法是可以连接分句。所以它们既是代词,又是连词。容易出错的典型例子是:

He never listens to the advice which I give it to her.

在该句中it是多余的,which连接两个分句,同时又代替it而成为第二个分句的宾语。

3. That经常用来代替which和who,但是不常用that来代替where和when。容易

出错的典型例子是:

The house that she lives is very small.

正确的句子应该是:

The house where she lives is very small. The house that she lives in is very small.

4. 连词不能单独和一个分句连用。连接词要连接两个分句,而这两个分句一般要

写成一句话,即不能写成中间用句号隔开的两个独立的句子。容易出错的典型例子是:

When I came back home. It was late.

正确的句子应该是:

When I came back home it was late. Or : It was late when I came back home.

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