最新沪教牛津版九年级下册课文与翻译讲课教案

Unit1 Great explorations

The voyages of Zheng He

Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer. In 1405, he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages. This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America. His travels were so important that they are still studied today.

Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countries. In a few years, he built a great fleet of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as treasure ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as very large quantities of goods.

From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia, the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold, silver and silk. At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions.

Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement that people still remember him as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world.

郑和是一位著名的中国探险家。1405年，他从中国出发，开始了七次伟大航行中的第一次。这是在克里斯托弗.哥伦布第一次起航发现美洲之旅的近一个世纪以前。他的旅行如此重要以至于今天仍被人们研究。

郑和1371年出生在云南。他升为明朝永乐皇帝一名值得信赖的官员。皇帝命令郑和访问并探索中国以外的土地。他的任务是加强与外国的关系，并与之建立贸易路线。在几年的时间里，他建立了一支巨大的船队---当时世界上最大的（船队）。那些船被称作宝船。它们足够大，能承载25000人以及大量的货物。

从1405年到1433年，郑和七次旅行，访问了东南亚、中东地区，甚至非洲东海岸。似乎对他来说没有什么地方是遥不可及的。这些旅行允许中国交换一些贵重物品，如金、银和丝绸。每次航线结束，郑和带回了许多在中国第一次见到的东西，比如一只非洲长颈鹿。除了增强贸易之外，航行也促成了文化与科技的交流。它们帮助了那些国家和地区的发展。

1433年，郑和在他最后一次航行中去世。然而，他的航行是一项如此巨大的成就，以至于人们仍将他作为开辟世界各地不同民族间文化联系的先驱而铭记。

Unit2 Culture shock

Living in another country

My name is Brad Li. I’m here today to tell you about my experience an exchange student in the Unit ed States last year.

I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me. Many things were strange to me: the language, the food and even the school.

I stayed with a host family in a small town. My host parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized

a lot of activities for me in my spare time so t hat I wouldn’t miss home or feel lonely.

However, to a certain degree, life in the US was hard to get used to. My main problem was with the language. I failed to understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed to get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms. For example, they often say they are “under the weather” when they are ill. Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China. Another difference was the food: My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplings, rice and delicious dishes from home.

School was a big shock too. They do not require students to wear uniforms, so students can wear almost whatever they like. Some students have strange hairstyles as well. Some students even have pink or purple hair!

Anyway, I have many great memories of that year, especially playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseball. At Halloween, I went to a party dressed as Harry Potter. At Thanksgiving, we had a big dinner with a huge turkey.

It was an exciting year, and it was a valuable education for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well.

在另一个国家生活

我的名字叫布拉德.李。今天我在这里讲述我去年在美国作为一名交换生的经历。

我必须承认，起初美国（文化）对我来说是个很大的文化冲击。许多事物是陌生的：语言、食物甚至学校。我与小镇上的一个寄宿家庭生活在一起。我寄宿家庭的父母，赫斯特先生和夫人，非常善良。在我的空闲时间里，他们为我组织了许多活动，以便我不会想家，也不会感觉孤独。

然而，在某种程度上，美国的生活很难适应。我的主要问题是语言。在最初的几周，我未能理解多少，因为大家说得很快。虽然我很快勉力适应了，但我仍然有麻烦，因为他们用了许多习语。例如，生病时，他们经常说“under the weather”(under the weather:略有不适)。他们的日常英语与我们在中国学的差别很大。

另一个差别是食物。我寄宿的家庭吃饭总是吃面包、土豆和沙拉。我真的想念家乡的水饺、米饭和美味佳肴。学校也是一个大的冲击。他们不要求学生穿校服，因此学生几乎可以穿他们喜欢的一切。一些学生也留着奇怪的发型。一些学生甚至留着粉红色或紫色的头发！

无论如何，那一年我有很多美好的回忆，尤其是冬天在雪地里玩和打棒球。在万圣节前夕，我打扮成哈利.波特去参加了一个聚会。在感恩节，我们吃了一顿有着一只硕大火鸡的大餐。

那是令人激动的一年，而且它对我来说是一次宝贵的有教益的经历。现在我理解了更多的美国文化。我的美国朋友问了我许多关于中国生活的问题，这也使我思考了自己的文化。

Unit3 The environment

The world is in danger

Our world is in danger. We must do something to protect the environment. But, what are the main problems we face? The greenhouse effect

The atmosphere around the Earth is necessary for all living things. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out. Without it, the Earth would be the same as the Moon---cold and lifeless.

When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2). Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth’s temperature is increasing. This causes sea level to rise, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.

Cutting down forests

Every year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in floods and even more damage to the environment.

Bad habits

Many of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter. This increases mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.

In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action. We should be different from many customers and become “green consumers”. This means that we should only buy and use products friendly to the environment. We should also recycle as many things as we can. We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new purposes. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference.

世界处于危险中

我们的世界处于危险中。我们必须做些事来保护环境。但是，我们面对的主要问题是什么呢？

温室效应

地球周围的大气层对所有生物是必需的。它像温室的玻璃，让阳光进入并组织热量散出去。没有它，地球将会和月球一样---寒冷且没有生命。

当我们燃烧像汽油和煤这些燃料时，我们产生一种叫二氧化碳（CO2）的气体。太多的这种气体污染大气层，并导致它保存太多的热量。由于温室效应，地球的温度正在上升。这导致了海平面上升，并且在将来可能导致地球消失。

砍伐森林

每年，我们通过砍伐大面积的森林破坏自然。这使温室效应更严重，因为树木吸收二氧化碳，释放出氧气。砍伐树木也破坏住在森林里的动物的家园，并导致土壤表层容易受雨水侵蚀。这可能造成洪水（爆发），对环境破坏更大。

坏习惯

我们的许多习惯造成污染。人们经常东西用了一次就扔掉，或者把它们作为垃圾留着地上。这制造大量的垃圾，污染我们的陆地和海洋。

为了保护环境，我们需要采取正确行动。我们应该不同于很多消费者而成为“环保消费者”。这意味着我们应该只买和使用对环境无害的产品。我们也应该尽可能多地回收利用物品。我们可以像从前一样以同样的用途重新使用物品，或者我们可以把它们用作新用途。如果我们现在就以新的且不同的方式学着生活，我们会起作用的。