夹具类外文文献翻译——集成和信息辅助夹具设计与制造
附录
附录1：外文翻译
集成和信息辅助夹具设计与制造
F. MERVYN, A. SENTHIL KUMAR* and A. Y. C NEE
虽然大量的研究已应用于开发计算机辅助夹具设计系统，但夹具设计制造领域和其他领域之间的信息交换并没有彻底处理。本文针对这一差距，在夹具设计中通过应用适当的信息模型研究计算机辅助夹具设计系统和集成支持制造业。夹具设计的模型主要是介绍有关夹具设计，以及其他设计和制造活动。对应用在XML的信息模型和信息交流中的一个基于XML的消息传递模型的方法进行了讨论。
关键词：夹具设计，综合设计和制造;信息建模;
1.介绍
在一个旨在降低产品交货时间和成本以及提高产品质量的过程中，企业寻求各种工程所涉及的一体化进程设计和制造产品。适当的整合将允许在一个产品实现涉及领域作出的决定适用于其他领域的需要，导致整体的最优解设计和制造产品。计算机辅助系统发挥了关键作用在于协助不同领域开展工作。开发集成设计和制造系统的一个关键成功因素在于能在各种电脑辅助系统的信息进行交流。夹具设计领域的发展已出现大量的电脑辅助系统的应用。在制造过程设备服务于持有目的工件和保持一个安全方面的一致关系的工具。已通过各种办法发展半自动化，自动化夹具设计系统。张毕（2001）努力提出的这些最新成果。尽管通过大量的研究，适应各域之间的信息和其他制造业领域的交流，但是需求并没有得到彻底处理。适当的夹具设计信息模型描述知识和技术规格将有助于大大提高产品质量和缩短产品交货时间。本文的目的是要为解决通过对相应的信息化辅助模式的夹具设计系统，并支持集成设计和制造。该这项工作的范围只限于加工装置本文组织如下：第2条的有关研究进行讨论在发展生产的信息模型;第3条提出了一个活动模型夹具设计;第4给出了不同的夹具设计信息模式，以支持集成设计和制造，而第5条提出了一个使用XML的例子，实现了信息模型。第6节介绍交流信息的夹具设计方法为基础上的信息模型和第7条最后的文件。
2.相关研究
制造业的信息交流的重要性已经发展了发展各种信息模型为代表的加工过程。国际标准化组织10303部分（国际标准化组织，1997）是一个应用协议的存储和交换（美联社）进程之间的数控加工零件计划的资料不同的计算机辅助工艺规划（CAPP系统）系统。对AP 213的范围包括规划信息的数控加工计划，生产任务的指示利用数控机床的一部分，数控编程和过程检验资料。Wysk等。（1995年）制定了工艺方案和正式代表模式联营工厂资源模型。他们的工作范围是就如何处理计划可以用在车间控制环境，从而提供整合工艺规划和生产之间的执行。性等。（1998）开发了一个信息模型的CAPP系统。采用面向对象的建模和偏微分方程发展数据技术。该模型包括零件信息模型，计划信息模型的过程和生产资源信息模型。该工艺方案模型包含制造业活动的资料，例如程序，设置和制造业务。在制造工程工具包（METK）项目，标准和技术研究所（NIST）的在美国开发的一个过程计划（李1999年）作为信息模型在整合过程中的规划和NC验证的应用程序的手段，这个过程计划规定对每个产品的流程顺序指示。 Ryou和Jerard （2001）最近开发的基于XML的一个代表性数值称为控制标记语言（NCML之）作为一个有利的技术，允许买家和自定义加工零件卖方通过互联网进行电子商贸。在代表性，资料工件，设置，工具和信息宽容是提供让用户判断一个零件的可制造。很明显从文献回顾，信息的加工过程发展模式要么不提供或只提供信息装置固定装置的信息作为车间执行系统资源。原因这是因为在集成设计和制造设备的作用已被忽视，不经过深入的探讨。通过模式的发展，活动模型通常是先发展。活动模式设置在其中的作用是不同的域之间的交换方面设计和制造，从而确定捕获的信息类型在信息模型。这些活动的模型的一些审查中可以找到（1996）。活动模式发展至今，装置只能被视为一个制造系统的资源。对装置的影响一个产品的设计仍没有得到处理。在确定一个产品的关键作用，准确度也高，一个制造系统的灵活性、夹具的能力，有效的产品，因此应在设计关注一个产品。本文针对这在当前制造业信息化差距模型提出一个模型，夹具设计活动的需要考虑作用在产品设计和制造设备。适当的夹具设计信息模型，然后发展到支持集成的设计和制造业。该信息模型的开发利用作为一个XML的文件格式和交换信息的基础上的做法。
3.夹具设计活动模型
拟议的夹具设计活动的模型如图1所示。
该活动已使用IDEF0方法描述，并且只有在一个描述抽象的层面，使信息模型是独立的执行这些活动的。在图1可以看出，一为综合设计夹具设计系统与制造执行两个主要活动，格A1 -夹具概念设计和A2 -详细夹具设计。
夹具设计活动的概念是一个规划过程的一部分活动，在那里他们讨论了需要
概念工艺规划的活动，支持产品设计的概念确定生产过程，选择资源和设备，从
制造成本估算的概念活动输出发送反馈到产品概念设计活动。作为活动的一部分
概念工艺规划，通过对活动支持的困难分析概念产品设计夹具设计的概念夹具在
该产品的特点，估计该产品的加工成本所采取的固定装置和夹具的制造时间。到
投入活动是概念产品设计，产品的数量的估计是生产和当前夹具清单。该任务的
概念夹具设计活动有：
1.确定要使用夹具的类型为基础的估计量该产品被制造。
2.在加工过程中的部分限制的基础上确定的困难概念产品的几何形状。
3.估计的时间和新设备的设计和制造成本如果目前的库存设备不能使用。
夹具的概念设计活动的关键是信息模型和概念设计的反馈。这将提供产品信息模型与问题反馈设计，并提供了夹具上一个度量产品设计人员比较关注的不同的初始设计。
图1.夹具设计活动模型。
夹具的概念设计活动的输出是信息模型与概念设计反馈。这将提供产品信息
模型与问题的反馈设计，并提供了一个度量产品设计人员比较关注的夹具上有不
同的初始设计。
该夹具的详细设计活动的投入是固定的类型从概念夹具设计活动的信息，中
间部分模型将被加工和夹具库存信息。中间部分模型零件的几何关系设置。作为
一个例子，图2显示了一个部分，需要3设置机器的特点。中间部分是固定式模
式，在每个安装图中显示。中间部分模型可以得出一旦制造业序列测定。应当指
出，该夹具设计活动作为输入接收信息控制整个零件模型。该图提供了对现有夹
具元件所需资料，以便夹具设计中使用。
图2.例如部分，中间部分的模型。
夹具的详细设计活动的任务是：
1.设计为每个安装夹具。这包括进行夹具布局夹具的设计和配置设计。
2.评估所设计的夹具以及如何履行其职能的准确定位，限制和支持工件
3. 生成的铺地板的固定装置处理必要的指示。这包括在夹紧工件和正确的到达的每个夹紧力应驱动。顺序夹具的详细设计活动的输出是信息模型，中间部分模型反馈，夹具配置和组装工件装载指示。
中间部分模型提供反馈信息反馈的过程以及如何规划师每个零件模型之间的中间可以设置固定式。反馈将使这个进程规划达到夹具最佳工艺方案。
夹具装配模型的配置信息有两个目的。首先，它提供有关的信息工具的夹具装配路径规划配置。这些信息可以被用来生成夹具装配的检查刀具路径之间的干扰和夹具元件。其次，它使车间人员构建基于组件的夹具提供信息。
工件装载指示信息模型提供车间工件如何适用于于人员的指示和信号灯。
4.夹具设计信息模型
本节描述了各种夹具设计信息模型的细节将要生成的夹具设计活动。该信息模型已使用XML实现。两种方法可以用来表示数据时使用XML，第一是使用一个文档类型定义（DTD），第二个是使用一个XML架构。在这项工作中，我们代表的数据使用一个DTD。一个DTD定义该元素可以出现在一个XML文件和办法，使他们能够出现。对每个DTD的结构信息模型解释了部分。这些文件是由一个开发计算机辅助夹具设计产生系统（默文等，2003）。
4.1概念设计和反馈
该概念设计反馈XML文件的DTD列于
图3是由四个组的信息了：
（一）产品设计的评价是进行了身份，
（二）固定式的使用，
（三）该概念设计的几何评价，并
（四）预计成本和时间，制造灯具。
图3.概念设计反馈DTD的XML文件。
在该夹具类型的基础上加以确定的估计量产品被生产。该夹具类型要么是'专用'或'弹性'。一般来说，一个专一个灵活的夹具用于小批量的生产。用夹具用于大批量的生产和几何直观的评价应该是对产品设计人员认识上的夹具设计产品的几何效应。有关资料也应可解释为电脑自动化环境中使用。为了要做到这一点，几何评价已经被映射到该产品的特点设计。每个产品的功能，被加工有三个属性，'定位'，克制'和'支持'。这些属性是一个代表的职责夹具。因此，他们描述的能力，夹具加工过程中的一部分功能。虽然有几个功能可以在一次装夹加工，这个映射已经被采纳，使产品设计师能够轻松地认识到这一问题的该产品的几何形状。三个属性的每个有两个子属性，'存在人脸'和'脸'获取。这两个属性的集体描述能否完成特定功能的灯具。面对存在的属性指的是寻找缓解面临的定位，夹紧工件和支持在加工的功能。此属性将一个整数的数值范围从1至5，1个非常容易和非常困难的5。辅助功能属性的脸指的是在公司目前的库存夹具能够访问夹具的脸。这可能是一两个值，'标准'或'特殊'。如果脸难以进入，一个可能需要特殊的夹具和值将是'特殊'。标准装置是可以买现成的，现成的或现有的装置元素在可用于装夹部分用于公司。这个属性允许产品设计人员了解有关产品的成本影响几何夹具及采取的制造夹具的时间。例如，如果类型的夹具'是
一个灵活的夹具，但面临的无障碍特殊，它意味着由于该产品几何，专用夹具需要一个灵活的，虽然夹具的基础上更适合需要的产品数量。这将使产品设计师，了解了产品的增加导致时间和成本。
在成本和时间估算属性有三个子属性，估计费用制造夹具，预计需时多久制造的，可以在一夹具加工工件夹具蔚，数量。这些属性使产品设计师1夹具的成本和效果的估计的夹具在产品交货时间。总体而言，这一信息模型提供了难易程度反馈夹具概念设计。该fixturability据分析映射以该产品的模型功能允许直观地了解产品设计师其特点将构成装夹加工过程中的问题。产品设计人员可以使用这些信息来作出评估的概念设计或改变之间关于fixturability关注的几个概念设计。
4.2中间部分模型fixturability反馈
该模型的中间部分的XML文件的DTD fixturability反馈需要的
结构如图4所示。
图4.中间部分模型fixturability反馈DTD的XML文件。
在这个信息模型中，模型的中间部分评价是基于三个属性，'定位'，'克制'和'支持'。如前面提到的，这些属性是一个固定的职能的代表。不过，相对的概念产品设计评价，中间部分模型的详细信息可在这个阶段。因此，在履行职能的能力上更彻底的代表性在此提供的信息模型。对位置属性的孔来定位和信息的一部分建立一个基准误差估计。每个定位孔上有定位元素限制。基准误差估计属性从工件位置的理想位置提供的信息可能偏差。这一信息是提供6个自由度，翻译
从X -，y轴和z轴和旋转攻方的X，Y型和Z -轴。属性的限制和支持也包含的信息用于工件夹紧和支持。属性的限制有进一步的约束分析属性。此属性描述的能力夹具以制止在加工过程中工件的议案。这可能需要一两个值，限制或无限制。类似属性的约束分析，支持属性具有变形分析子属性。此属性介绍了夹具在机械加工能力，以支持和工件防止变形。此属性将一个整数的值从1至5，1对应非常差和5对应非常好。基准误差估计，约束分析和变形分析属性提供反馈的进程以及如何规划每个可以是固定的中间部分模型。
附录2：英文原文
Fixture design information support for integrated design
and manufacturing
F. MERVYN, A. SENTHIL KUMAR* and A. Y. C NEE
Although a vast amount of research has been conducted on developing
computer-aided fixture design systems, the need for information exchange
between the fixture design domain and other manufacturing domains has
not been thoroughly dealt with. This paper addresses this gap in fixture design research through the development of appropriate information models for
computer-aided fixture design systems to support integrated design and manufacturing. A fixture design activity model is presented that relates
fixture design to other design and manufacturing activities. The implementation
of the information models in XML and the exchange of the information
models based on an XML messaging approach are also discussed.
Keywords: Fixture design; Integrated design and manufacturing; Information
modelling; XML
1. Introduction
In an aim to reduce product lead-time and cost as well as improve product quality, enterprises seek the integration of the various engineering processes involved in the design and manufacture of a product. Proper integration will allow the different domains involved in the realization of a product to make decisions taking into
account the requirements of other domains, resulting in overall optimal solutions for the design and manufacture of a product. Computer-aided systems play a key role
today in aiding the different domains carry out their tasks. A crucial factor in the success of developing integrated design and manufacturing systems lies in the ability to exchange information among the various computer-aided systems.
The fixture design domain has seen a vast amount of research in developing
computer-aided systems. Fixtures are devices that serve the purpose of holding a workpiece securely and maintaining a consistent relationship with respect to the tools during a manufacturing process (Nee et al. 1995). Various approaches have been adopted in developing interactive, semi-automated and automated fixture design systems. Bi and Zhang (2001) present a recent review of these efforts. Despite the vast amount of research, the need for information exchange between the fixture
*Corresponding author. Email: mpeask@https://www.360docs.net/doc/e86546135.html,.sg
International Journal of Production Research
ISSN 0020–7543 print/ISSN 1366–588X online 2006 Taylor & Francis
https://www.360docs.net/doc/e86546135.html,/journals
DOI: 10.1080/00207540500465303
design domain and other manufacturing domains has not been thoroughly dealt with (Mervyn et al. 2003a). Appropriate information models describing fixture design knowledge and specifications could help to significantly improve product quality and reduce product lead-time. The aim of this paper is to take a step towards addressing
机械设计设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
机械设计 摘要：机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成的。它是一种用来转换或传递能量的装置，例如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等。许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器的设计，也适用于非机器的设计。术语中的“机械装置设计”的含义要比“机械设计”的含义更为广泛一些，机械装置设计包括机械设计。在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计中。在机械工程领域中，以及其它工程领域中，所有这些都需要机械设备，比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。 关键词：设计流程设计规则机械设计 设计流程 设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性，现存的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能。 在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不要受到任何约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于阻断创新的思路。通常,还要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想。 一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时，就可以全面的设计和分析。接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内。每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸，同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调。 也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法。通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性，如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料的强度、应力和刚度等材料的物理特性，以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学。设计的过程是重复和合作的过程，无论是正式或非正式的进行，对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要。 最后，以图样为设计的标准，并建立将来的模型。如果它的测试是符合事先要
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译71车床夹具设计分析
附录A Lathe fixture design and analysis Ma Feiyue (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei, Anhui Hefei 230022, China) Abstract: From the start the main types of lathe fixture, fixture on the flower disc and angle iron clamp lathe was introduced, and on the basis of analysis of a lathe fixture design points. Keywords: lathe fixture; design; points Lathe for machining parts on the rotating surface, such as the outer cylinder, inner cylinder and so on. Parts in the processing, the fixture can be installed in the lathe with rotary machine with main primary uranium movement. However, in order to expand the use of lathe, the work piece can also be installed in the lathe of the pallet, tool mounted on the spindle. THE MAIN TYPES OF LATHE FIXTURE Installed on the lathe spindle on the lathe fixture
机械设计中英文外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文资料外文翻译 Fundamentals Of Machinery Design This introductory chapter is a general survey of machinery design．First it presents the definition and major role of machinery design，the relationship between machinery
and its components．Then it gives an overview of machinery design as a fundamental course and outlines a general procedure of machinery design followed by all the engineers．Finally, it lists the contents of the course and the primary goals to be achieved． 1．1 The role of machinery design Machinery design is to formulate all engineering plan．Engineering in essence is to utilize the existing resources and natural law to benefit humanity．As a major segment of engineerin，machinery design involves a range of disciplines in materials，mechanics，heat，flow，control，electronics and production．Although many high technologies are computerized and automated，and are rapidly merged into Our daily life，machines are indispensable for various special work that is difficult or impracticable to be carried out by human．Moreover，machinery can significantly improve efficiency and quality of production，which is crucial in current competitive global market． In the modern industrialized world，the wealth and living standards of a nation are closely linked with their capabilities to design and manufacture engineering products．It can be claimed that the advancement of machinery design and manufacturing can remarkable promote the overall level of a country’s industrialization．Those nations，who do not perform well in design and manufacture fields，are not competitive in world markets．It is evident that several countries that used to be leaders in the design and manufacturing sectors until the l 960s and the 1 970s had，by the l990s，slipped back and lost their leadership．On the contrary, our Country is rapidly picking up her position in manufacturing industry since the l 9 80s and is playing a more and more vital role in the global market．To accelerate such an industrializing process of our country, highly skilled design engineers having extensive knowledge and expertise are needed．That is why the course of machinery design is of great significance for students of engineering． The course of machinery design is considerable different from those background subjects in science and mathematics．For many students，it is perhaps one of their basic professional engineering courses concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problem s．Definitely these solutions must clearly represent an understanding of the underlying science，usually such an understanding may not be sufficient，empirical knowledge or engineering judgement has to be also involved．Furthermore，due to be professional nature of this subject，most design problems may not have one right solution．Nevertheless it is achievable to determine a better design from all feasible solutions． 1．2 Machinery and components A state-of-the-art machine may encompass all or part of mechanical，electrical，control，sensor，monitoring and lubricating sub—systems．In
曲轴的加工工艺及夹具设计外文翻译
毕业设计 外文翻译 题目曲轴的加工工艺及夹具设计学院航海学院 专业轮机工程 学生佟宝诚 学号 10960123 指导教师彭中波 重庆交通大学 2014年
Proceedings of IMECE2008 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition October 31-November 6, 2008, Boston, Massachusetts, USA IMECE2008-67447 MULTI-OBJECTIVE SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION OF ENGINE CRANKSHAFTS USING AN INTEGRATION APPROACH Albert Albers/IPEK Institute of Product Development University of Karlsruhe Germany Noel Leon/CIDyT Center for Innovation andDesign Monterrey Institute of Technology,Mexico Humberto Aguayo/CIDyT Center forInnovation and Design, Monterrey Institute ofTechnology, Mexico Thomas Maier/IPEK Institute of Product Development University of Karlsruhe Germany ABSTRACT The ever increasing computer capabilities allow faster analysis in the field of Computer Aided Design and Engineering (CAD & CAE). CAD and CAE systems are currently used in Parametric and Structural Optimization to find optimal topologies and shapes of given parts under certain conditions. This paper describes a general strategy to optimize the balance of a crankshaft, using CAD and CAE software integrated with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) via programming in Java. An introduction to the groundings of this strategy is made among different tools used for its implementation. The analyzed crankshaft is modeled in commercial parametric 3D CAD software. CAD is used for evaluating the fitness function (the balance) and to make geometric modifications. CAE is used for evaluating dynamic restrictions (the eigenfrequencies). A Java interface is programmed to link the CAD model to the CAE software and to the genetic algorithms. In order to make geometry modifications to
机械设计外文翻译(中英文)
机械设计理论 机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。 进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。 应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。 一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。 新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。 在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。
毕业设计_英语专业论文外文翻译
1. Introduction America is one of the countries that speak English. Because of the special North American culture, developing history and the social environment, American English has formed its certain unique forms and the meaning. Then it turned into American English that has the special features of the United States. American English which sometimes also called United English or U.S English is the form of the English language that used widely in the United States .As the rapid development of American economy, and its steady position and strong power in the world, American English has become more and more widely used. As in 2005, more than two-thirds of English native speakers use various forms of American English. The philologists of the United States had divided the English of the United States into four major types: “America n creating”; “Old words given the new meaning”; “Words that eliminated by English”;“The phonetic foreign phrases and the languages that are not from the English immigrates”[1]. Compared to the other languages, American English is much simple on word spelling, usage and grammar, and it is one of the reasons that American English is so popular in the world. The thesis analyzes the differences between American English and British English. With the main part, it deals with the development of American English, its peculiarities compared to that of British English, its causes and tendency. 2. Analyses the Differences As we English learners, when we learning English in our junior or senior school, we already came across some words that have different spellings, different pronunciations or different expressions, which can be represented by following contrasted words: spellings in "color" vs. "colour"; pronunciations in "sec-re-ta-ry" vs. "sec-re-try";
基于solidworks机床夹具设计外文翻译详解
2604130359 CNC Cutting Technology Review Numerical control high speed cutting technology (High Speed Machining, HSM, or High Speed Cutting, HSC), is one of the advanced manufacturing technology to improve the machining efficiency and quality, the study of related technology has become an important research direction of advanced manufacturing technology at home and abroad. China is a big manufacturing country, in the world of industry transfer to accept the front instead of back-end of the transfer, to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing, or in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, our country manufacturing industry will further behind. Imminent research on the theory and application of advanced technology. 1, high-speed CNC machining meaning High speed cutting theory put forward by the German physicist Carl.J.Salomon in the last century and early thirty's. He concluded by a lot of experiments: in the normal range of cutting speed, cutting speed if the increase, will cause the cutting temperature rise, exacerbating the wear of cutting tool; however, when the cutting speed is increased to a certain value, as long as more than the inflection point, with the increase of the cutting speed, cutting temperature can not rise, but will decline, so as long as the cutting speed is high enough, it can be solved very well in high cutting temperature caused by tool wear is not conducive to the cutting problem, obtained good processing efficiency. With the development of manufacturing industry, this theory is gradually paid more attention to, and attracted a lot of attention, on the basis of this theory has gradually formed the field of high-speed cutting technology of NC, relatively early research on NC High-speed Machining Technology in developed countries, through the theoretical basis of the research, basic research and applied research and development application, at present applications have entered the substantive stage in some areas. The high-speed cutting processing category, generally have the following several kinds of classification methods, one is to see that cutting speed, cutting speed over conventional cutting speed is 5-10 times of high speed cutting. Also has the scholar to spindle speed as the definition of high-speed processing standards, that the spindle speed is higher than that of 8000r\/min for high speed machining. And from the machine tool spindle design point of view, with the product of DN diameter of spindle and spindle speed, if the value of DN to (5~2000) * 105mm.r\/min, is considered to be of high speed machining. In practice, different processing methods, different materials, high speed cutting speed corresponding to different. Is generally believed that the turning speed of (700~7000) m\/min, milling speed reaches m\/min (300~6000), that is in the high-speed cutting. In addition, from the practical considerations, high-speed machining concept not only contains the high speed cutting process, integration and optimization also contains the process of cutting, is a
机械类外文文献
附：外文翻译 外文原文： Fundamentals of Mechanical Design Mechanical design means the design of things and systems of a mechanical nature—machines, products, structures, devices, and instruments. For the most part mechanical design utilizes mathematics, the materials sciences, and the engineering-mechanics sciences. The total design process is of interest to us. How does it begin? Does the engineer simply sit down at his desk with a blank sheet of paper? And, as he jots down some ideas, what happens next? What factors influence or control the decisions which have to be made? Finally, then, how does this design process end? Sometimes, but not always, design begins when an engineer recognizes a need and decides to do something about it. Recognition of the need and phrasing it in so many words often constitute a highly creative act because the need may be only a vague discontent, a feeling of uneasiness, of a sensing that something is not right. The need is usually not evident at all. For example, the need to do something about a food-packaging machine may be indicated by the noise level, by the variations in package weight, and by slight but perceptible variations in the quality of the packaging or wrap. There is a distinct difference between the statement of the need and the identification of the problem. Which follows this statement? The problem is more specific. If the need is for cleaner air, the problem might be that of reducing the dust discharge from power-plant stacks, or reducing the quantity of irritants from automotive exhausts. Definition of the problem must include all the specifications for the thing that is to be designed. The specifications are the input and output quantities, the characteristics of the space the thing must occupy and all the limitations on t hese quantities. We can regard the thing to be designed as something in a black box. In this case we must specify the inputs and outputs of the box together with their characteristics and limitations. The specifications define the cost, the number to be manufactured, the expected life, the range, the operating temperature, and the reliability. There are many implied specifications which result either from the designer's particular environment or from the nature of the problem itself. The manufacturing processes which are available, together with the facilities of a certain plant, constitute restrictions on a designer's freedom, and hence are a part of the implied specifications. A small plant, for instance, may not own cold-working machinery. Knowing this, the designer selects other metal-processing methods which can be performed in the plant. The labor skills available and the competitive situation also constitute implied specifications. After the problem has been defined and a set of written and implied specifications has been obtained, the next step in design is the synthesis of an optimum solution. Now synthesis cannot take place without both analysis and optimization because the system under design must be analyzed to determine whether the performance complies with the specifications. The design is an iterative process in which we proceed through several steps, evaluate the results, and then return to an earlier phase of the procedure. Thus we may synthesize several components of a system, analyze and optimize them, and return to synthesis to see what effect this has on the remaining parts of the system. Both analysis and optimization require that we construct or devise abstract models of the system which will admit some form of mathematical analysis. We call these models
java毕业论文外文文献翻译
Advantages of Managed Code Microsoft intermediate language shares with Java byte code the idea that it is a low-level language witha simple syntax , which can be very quickly translated intonative machine code. Having this well-defined universal syntax for code has significant advantages. Platform independence First, it means that the same file containing byte code instructions can be placed on any platform; atruntime the final stage of compilation can then be easily accomplished so that the code will run on thatparticular platform. In other words, by compiling to IL we obtain platform independence for .NET, inmuch the same way as compiling to Java byte code gives Java platform independence. Performance improvement IL is actually a bit more ambitious than Java bytecode. IL is always Just-In-Time compiled (known as JIT), whereas Java byte code was ofteninterpreted. One of the disadvantages of Java was that, on execution, the process of translating from Javabyte code to native executable resulted in a loss of performance. Instead of compiling the entire application in one go (which could lead to a slow start-up time), the JITcompiler simply compiles each portion of code as it is called (just-in-time). When code has been compiled.once, the resultant native executable is stored until the application exits, so that it does not need to berecompiled the next time that portion of code is run. Microsoft argues that this process is more efficientthan compiling the entire application code at the start, because of the likelihood that large portions of anyapplication code will not actually be executed in any given run. Using the JIT compiler, such code willnever be compiled.
夹具设计英文文献
A review and analysis of current computer-aided fixture design approaches Iain Boyle, Yiming Rong, David C. Brown Keywords: Computer-aided fixture design Fixture design Fixture planning Fixture verification Setup planning Unit design ABSTRACT A key characteristic of the modern market place is the consumer demand for variety. To respond effectively to this demand, manufacturers need to ensure that their manufacturing practices are sufficiently flexible to allow them to achieve rapid product development. Fixturing, which involves using fixtures to secure work pieces during machining so that they can be transformed into parts that meet required design specifications, is a significant contributing factor towards achieving manufacturing flexibility. To enable flexible fixturing, considerable levels of research effort have been devoted to supporting the process of fixture design through the development of computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) tools and approaches. This paper contains a review of these research efforts. Over seventy-five CAFD tools and approaches are reviewed in terms of the fixture design phases they support and the underlying technology upon which they are based. The primary conclusion of the review is that while significant advances have been made in supporting fixture design, there are primarily two research issues that require further effort. The first of these is that current CAFD research is segmented in nature and there remains a need to provide more cohesive fixture design support. Secondly, a greater focus is required on supporting the detailed design of a fixture’s physical structure. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction (2) 2. Fixture design (2) 3. Current CAFD approaches (4) 3.1 Setup planning (4) 3.1.1 Approaches to setup planning (4) 3.2 Fixture planning (4) 3.2.1 Approaches to defining the fixturing requirement (6) 3.2.2 Approaches to non-optimized layout planning (6) 3.2.3 Approaches to layout planning optimization (6) 3.3 Unit design (7) 3.3.1 Approaches to conceptual unit design (7)