高三定语从句重难点解析

高三定语从句重难点解析

一、重难点知识梳理

知识点1：关系代词的用法

（一）关系代词的用法分类

关系代词 从句 格 用于限制性和非限制性定语从句

只用于限制性定语从句 指人

指物 既指人又指物 主格词 who

which that 宾语词 who(m)

属格词

whose/of whom whose/of which whose (二)关系代词that 和which 的用法

1.限制性定语从句中，必须用that 的情况：

（1）当先行词中是不定代词all, much ,little, something, everything, anything, nothing,

none, the one 时，如：

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

You should hand in all that you have.

(2)当先行词被the only, the very ,any, few, little, no, all 等词修饰时，如：

This is the very person that I ’m waiting for.

The only thing that we can do is give you some money.

(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰，如：

This is the best way that has been used against pollution.

This is the most interesting film that I ’ve ever seen.

(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词修饰时，如：

This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.

What is the first American film that you have seen?

(5)当先行词既有人又有物时，如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

(6) 句中已经有who 或which 时，为了避免重复时,如：

Who is the man that is making a speech?

2.当限制性定语从句中的介词提前时，只能用which, 不用that 。 如：

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

记忆方法总结：

不：当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时；如:all ,few, little, much, every, something,

anything 等；

That ’s all that I know.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.

日：唯一性。当先行词被the only, the very （恰恰，正是）, the same 等修饰时；

These are the very words that he used.

That’s the only thing that I can do now.

最：当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

二：当先行词即有人又有物时；The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

序：当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.

（三）关系代词who, whom和whose的用法

当先行词指人，①在从句中作主语时，用who,不可省略；②在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom,可以省略；③在定语从句中作定语，用whose(whose也可指物)，不可省略。

如：

She is the girl who lives next door.(先行词在定语从句中作主语)

That’s the girl(whom/that/省略)I teach.(先行词在定语从句中作宾语)

This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(先行词在定语从句中作定语)

This is the house whose window broke last night.

=This is the house of which the window broke last night.

(四)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）或whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。

1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词事只用which或whom，关系代词不能省

略。如：

Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?

In the dark street there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.

2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物),

that/whom/who（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：

This is the hero that/who/ whom/ 不填we are proud of .

This is the pen that/which/不填I wrote the letter with.

2.介词+which/whom+不定式结构。如：

The beggar has no money with which to buy food.

=The beggar has no money to buy food.

= The beggar has no money that/which he cn buy food with.

(五)关系代词as引导的定语从句

关系代词as引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：

1.such +名词+as…像……一样的，像……之类的

the same ++as…和……同样的

其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。如：

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语)

These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)

He is not the same man as he was. (as作表语)

2….such as…

such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担当成分，修饰先行词such 。如：This book is not such as I expect.

3. the same... as和the same ...that的用法区别

the same... as指同类事物the same ...that 指原物如：

That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）

That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。（同一把工具）

知识点2：关系副词的用法

（一）当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词（如:in, at, during等）+which; where=表地点的介词（如：in, at, on, under等）+which;

why+表原因的介词（如：因为）+which。如：

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)

Can you tell me the office where he works?( where=in which)

Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why= for which)

(二)有时先行词为抽象名词situation, stage, point, age 等。如：

The accident has reached a point where both their parents are to be called in.

In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letters.

知识点3：用法其他要点

（一）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面，应该与先行词保持一致。

1.one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与复数名词保持一致）。如：

Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.

2.the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与only one 保持一致）。如：

Titanic is the only one of the wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.

（二）注意way和time后接定语从句的情况

1.当先行词是way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。

如：

The way that/which/不填he explained to us was quite simple.

The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.

2.先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that

可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲并在从句中作时间状语时，应用关系副词when

或介词at/during +which引导定语从句。如：

This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.

I could hardly remember how many times (that) I’ve failed.

This was at a time when/during which there were no radio, no telephones or no TV sets.

（三）定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。

1. 在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。如：

①—Is that the small town you often refer to?

—Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

【解析】答案为C。work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，you know 在句中作插入语。

②He made another wonderful discovery ,______of importance to science .

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is

【解析】答案为A。这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。

2. 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语. 如：

There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.

在太空中有成千上万的像太阳般的星星。

【解析】乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，“不对啊，天空怎么能像太阳呢？”，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky 这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。

3. 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语. 如：

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？

【解析】when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。Ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。

4. 先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句

较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后. 如：

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

（先行词为A new master）

二、典例分析

1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _________are built close to each other.

A. they

B. where

C. wha t

D. that

【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用that 。

2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _________are built close to each other.

A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that

【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用that 。

3. _______I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. When

B. After

C. As

D. Since

【解析】答案为C。用“as”表示“正如我在电话里解释的那样”。

4. These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected.

A. like

B. as

C. that

D. which

【解析】答案为B。as在定语从句中作expected的宾语。

5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.

A. on which

B. by which

C. to which

D. from

which

【解析】答案为C。考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that we may return to in the near future.

6.Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which

B. with which

C. about which

D. into which

【解析】答案为C。先行词是Gun control, 指物, 关系词在从句中做介词的宾语, 介词前置, 介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth, 选C项。句意：枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。

7. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where

B. which

C. its

D. whose 【解析】答案为D。先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D项。其余选项与题意不符。

8. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

A. who

B. which

C. why

D. when

【解析】答案为D。先行词是occasions所以引导词通常用when或where，但是此句话中很明显是说“我能跟孩子待上一整天的时候很少”，所以用when，为分隔式定语从句。

9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.

A. when

B. which

C. that

D. where 【解析】答案为D。本句为分隔式定语从句。定语从句的先行词为the village，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。

10. What surprised me was not what he said but _________he said it.

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

【解析】答案为A。the way作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词通常可以省略，还可用that，in which引导。

11. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

【解析】答案为D。先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D项。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。12. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _______consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

A. where

B. when

C. who

D. which

【解析】答案为A。先行词是前面的cases，空白处在从句中作状语，应用where引导指抽象的地点，意为“在这些案例中……”。整个句子可分解为：Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers. In these cases consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

13. After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where 【解析】答案为D。整个句子可分解为：After graduation she reached a point in her career; At the point she needed to decide what to do. 本句中缺少一个状语，所以选用关系副词where来引导，相当于at which。

14. Do you know the reason she was put into prison ?

A. why

B. what

C. which

D. where 【解析】答案为A. 先行词是前面的the reason，空白处在从句中作状语，应用why引

导指原因，意为“因为这个原因”。整个句子可分解为：Do you know the reason? The reason she was put into prison.

三、课堂达标检测

单项选择

1.The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to

Beijing.

A. why

B. which

C. when

D. where

【答案与解析】B 先行词place 在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D。

2.The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to

Beijing.

A. why

B. which

C. when

D. where

【答案与解析】B 先行词place在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D。

3.Do you know the wasteland they used to play has been transformed into a theme park?

A. that

B. which

C. there

D. where

【答案与解析】Ｄ代替表示地点的先行词the wasteland，在从句中做地点状语，从句相当于they used to play on。

4.The city was attacked by ____ terrible weather ____few citizens had ever experienced

before.

A. so, as

B. so, that

C. such, that

D. s uch, as

【答案与解析】D 第一空，空后接的是”形容词+不可数名词”，因此使用such；第二空，experienced后缺少宾语，所以用as引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。注意在such…that…结构中，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。

5.In our city there are several big public parks _______many people can go to enjoy the

beautiful scenery.

A. in which

B. at which

C. from which

D. to which

【答案与解析】D 句意：在我们的城市里有几个大的公园，许多人去那里欣赏美景。

先行词是several big public parks，短语go to the parks的介词to 提前，故用介词+which 的用法。

6.There are species living in the depths of the oceans ______ we still know little.

A. for which

B. in which

C. of what

D. of which

【答案与解析】D 代替指物的先行词species，在介词of 后作宾语，所以用冠词代词which，这里表达的是我们对于这些物种一无所知，即know little of，所以选D。

7.A good advertisement often uses words _______ people attach positive meanings.

A. that

B. which

C. with which

D. to which

【答案与解析】D 根据attach的搭配确定介词用to，代词指物的先行词words，作介词to的宾语用which。

8.The companions with___________ my brother associates are friendly and warm-hearted.

A. whom

B. which

C. that

D. them

【答案与解析】A 句意：我弟弟交的伙伴很友好还是热心肠。先行词是the companions，associate with“与…交往”，介词with提到了前面，故用介词+whom的用法。

9.The CCTV program, People Who Moved China, honors those ____ contributions should be

remembered.

A. whose

B. which

C. their

D. who

【答案与解析】A 代词指物的先行词People Who Moved China（感动中国人物），作名词contributions的定语，应该用关系代词whose。

10.The professor built a glass wall ________ be could observe what was going on inside.

A. in which

B. where

C. from which

D. through which 【答案与解析】D 表示“透过玻璃墙”，应该用介词through，在介词后作宾语代替指物的先行词a glass wall用关系代词which。句意为：教授建了一堵玻璃墙，透过这堵墙能够观察到里面的一切。

11.A survey was conducted in Shanghai _______ interviewees were asked if they wanted to be a factory worker.

A. when

B. whether

C. that

D. where

【答案与解析】D 分隔式定语从句。先行词为survey，关系词在从句中作状语，因此使用关系副词，先排除B和C；空处表示在调查中. 因使用where，也可用in which。

12 .Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state ______ they don’t age.

A. for which

B. that

C. where

D. which 【答案与解析】C 先行词state在这里表示状态，属于抽象的地点，语境为：在这种状态下，这些细胞不会衰老，所以用where相当于in which。

13.My desk-mate, Beth comes from a tradition people dress up for particularly popular sporting events.

A. when

B. where

C. how

D. why

【答案与解析】B 先行词为tradition，在从句中作抽象的地点状语用where，相当于in which。

14.I'm always busy with my work, so occasions are quite rare ______ I can spend the whole day with my kids.

A. when

B. that

C. why

D. in which

【答案与解析】A 代替表示时间的先行词occasions“场合、时刻”，在从句中作时间状语，相当于on which，所以选when。语境为：我一直忙于工作，所以很少有整晚和孩子们呆在一起的时刻。

15.Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state ______ they don’t age.

A. for which

B. that

C. where

D. which

【答案与解析】C 先行词state在这里表示状态，属于抽象的地点，语境为：在这种状态下，这些细胞不会衰老，所以用where相当于in which。

16.A housing bubble is an economic situation _____ occurs when house prices rise much too fast.

A. which

B. where

C. what

D. why

【答案与解析】A 先行词situation在从句中作谓语动词occur的主语，座椅用关系代词which。句意为：房地产泡沫是房屋价格增长过快的时候出现的一种经济形势。不注意分析从句的结构，就会受定式思维的干扰而误选B。

17.—My key is gone. Have you seen it anywhere?

—Oh, it is in the room we had a talk last night.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

【答案与解析】C 答语须遵循上文的要求。“你看见我的钥匙吗？”“哦，在昨晚我们谈话的房间看过。”补全句子就不难看出这儿不是强调句型，而是定语从句。it is in the room where we had a talk last night that I saw it.

对比练习

1. (1) This is the house _________ I once lived.

(2) This is the house _________ I once visited.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. there

2. (1) I won’t forget the days ______ we studied in the college.

(2) I won’t forget the day s ______ we spent together.

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. on which

3. (1) The reason _______ he explained to me is unreasonable.

(2)He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason ______ he was late for school.

A. why

B. for that

C. which

D. whose

4. (1) He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.

(2) He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east.

(3)He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.

(4)He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. of which

5. (1) He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him.

(2) He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.

A. whom

B. that

C. as

D. which

Keys: 1. (1)C (2)A 2. (1) B (2)A 3. (1) C (2)A 4. (1) B(2)D (3)A (4)C 5. (1) B(2)C （选用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as关系副词when, where, why 填选词填空：

空）

Mrs. White is a good lady. (1)________ is known to everyone, she is very kind and helpful to her neighbors. A few days ago, she heard her new neighbors ，(2)_________ name she forgot，would come and move into his new house, (3)__________ is only 20 meters away from hers, but she had never seen him. One day when she came back home, she saw a man (4)__________ was wearing a brown hat carrying a ladder on his shoulder. The man put the ladder against the window (5)_________ faces north. Mrs. White said to herself, “Thief, it is a thief.” She rang up the police immediately and soon two policemen appeared in front of the house (6)_________ the thief wanted to steal things. When the man was told to hand in everything (7)__________ he had stolen，the man shrugged his shoulders and made a face, (8)_________ made the policemen and Mrs. White angry. The man looked surprised. It was then (9)__________ the man understood the reason (10)__________ the policemen came. The man said with a smile, “I can’t find my key. But it’s my new house.”

Keys: As ,whose ,which , who, which, where, that, which, that, why,

高考链接

1. While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. (07广东高考语法填空)

2. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder____________ had been his teacher (10年，广东高考）

3.His way lay through a forest in__________________ there were many monkeys. (10年, 广东模拟)

4.“To learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those _____________ are studying a new language.(10年, 广东模拟)

5. It is certainly a job that will appeal to anyone________ loves animals and travel. (10年, 广东模拟)

6. One thing I couldn’t get used to was the clouds of cigarette smoke _______________ filled the air and our lungs. (10年, 广东模拟)

7.We should keep away from all the bad habits and try to form such habits ________ will be good for ourselves and others. (10, 惠州第三次调研)

8. Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display.（09年，广东高考）

Keys:1.where , 2.who 3. which 4.who 5.that 6.which 7. that 8.where

基础写作

根据下列提示，写一篇介绍数学老师Mr. chen的文章。

一位年轻有为的老师

1980 出生于汕头

2000--2004 进入广州大学攻读数学，并出色地取得学位(degree)

2004 为实现当教师的梦想,任教于新塘中学。

教学过程课堂教学生动有趣，耐心指导学生，

为人和蔼可亲，与学生相处融洽

成绩青年骨干教师

注意：

1）要有标题。

2）介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。

[写作要求]

只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

[评分标准]

句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。

四、学法提炼

1、专题特点

定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在基础写作和任务型写作中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。

2、解题方法

解题时要遵循下列原则：

(1)判别是不是定语从句；

(2)如果从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语，就要用关系代词来引导从句；

(3)如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来引导从句；

(4)判断先行词的确切含义，再确定选用关系词。

3、注意事项

⑴对于句子结构及成分的分析

⑵ that与which, who, whom的用法区别

⑶ as与which, that的用法区别

⑷ where、when与why引导的定语从句中关系副词与介词+which的转换

⑸介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中介词的选择

⑹定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

(7)定语从句中主谓一致