学龄前儿童英语学习的特点

学龄前儿童英语学习的特点

学龄前儿童英语学习活动是一种第二语言的启蒙教育,为培养幼儿双语能力奠定良好的基础。作为幼儿国语言教育活动的一种特殊类型,幼儿园英语学习活动有其鲜明的特征,因此,在幼儿园实施双语教育必须遵循幼儿语言学习的规律。

一、通过动作、表情或直观形象进行直觉学习

由于学前儿童直觉行动性思维和具体形象性思维的特点,因此他们的思维主要依赖于事物的具体形象、表象以及对表象的联想,具有直观形象性,幼儿的这种直观、形象的思维方式使得幼儿学习语言无法脱离具体实物、动作和情境等。所以幼儿在多数情况下是通过直观动作、丰富的表情或具体的情景来理解和表达语言的。同时,这种直观、形象的思维方式也使得幼儿语言学习变得自然,他们并没有明确地意识到他们正在学习一门语言。他们会主动去理解和表达言语的目的在于与他人进行信息和情感交流,在交流过程中。他们不去琢磨语言是什么,他们关心的是语言的作用,即如何使用语言达到交流的目的。

二、通过整合相关领域的学习内容,扩展幼儿的英语经验

学前教育是一个整合的系统工程,通过教育使幼儿在健康语言、社会、科学和艺术等各领域获得有益的发展,英语教育是语言领域的一个子工程,儿童英语学习的每一点进步,都将促进幼儿的语言发展和身心整体发展。因此,学前儿童英语学习活动中,要有机地结合其他相关领域的学习内容,根据幼儿园课程的整体目标,统筹安排语言学习活动,使之有效地融人到幼儿园的整体课程中去,在发展幼儿语言能力、认知能力、丰富幼儿知识经验的同时,为幼儿创设良好的语言环境和学习环境,让幼儿在学习时将英语和母语的慨念联系对应起来,逐步扩展幼儿的英语经验,从而获得情感、认知和社交能力等各方面的协同发展。

三、亲和动机是幼儿语言学习的主要动机

儿童学习第一语言关系着他们的生存和生活,属于一种天然的动机。这种天然的动机是由人类的社会关系与社会实际的需要所产生的,是一种心理和情感的需要,这种天然的动机就是亲和动机。所谓亲和动机是指学习者处在某一个特定的语言环境中,为了能够适应这个语言环境,尽快成为该语言群体的一员而主动学习和掌握语言,最终达到提高自我在群体中的地位,实现自我。由此可见,亲和动机具有方向的意义,它关系到语言学习的成功。由于幼儿的独立性较差,在家他们要依恋父母,在幼儿园他们主要依恋老师和他们所在集体,他们从父母、老师、同伴那里获得安全感。当儿童处在一个第二语言的环境中,为了不失去原有的安全感,他们会主动地玩这种新的语言游戏,并努力去掌握其中的游戏规则,他们并不一定把第二语言学习看作是一种学习任务,而是将它当作参与游戏活动以及获得爱、安全感、满足需要和得到奖赏的一种方式。

四、英语学习存在沉默期

母语的习得研究结果表明,儿童最先学会的是听话,然后才学会说话、阅读和书写。英国教学法专家palmer认为:幼儿只有经过一个酝酿阶段以后才会说本族语。在这个沉默期内外界的话言输入在儿童的头脑中逐渐积累、形成潜意识,然后逐步唤醒大脑中的语言信息,这是儿童语言运用(理解和表达)的准备阶段。当这种准备积累到一定程度,在外界交际环境的作用下,儿童才开始理解和说出大量的话语。由此可见,儿童听话能力远远超过说话能力,说的能力来源于听的能力,说的技能的高低受到听力发展水平的制约。幼儿语言学习沉默期主要表现在:从听懂第一句话到会说第一句话有一个时间间隔;从听懂一句话到会说这句话也有一个时间间隔,后者在幼儿学习第二语言时表现得尤其明显。幼儿在学习母语时所表现出来的沉默期相对。较长,学习第二语言时的沉默期相对较短。

记录最全的赖世雄中级美语课堂笔记1(1-38课)

1. Rome Wasn't Built in a Day p.1. English is an international language. Therefore, it is necessary(/ important) for us to learn it. It(/learning English) can be rewarding or just(/only) a waste of time. It's up to you. It depends on how you study it. Here are some tips about(/on) learning English. First, don't be afraid to make(/of making) mistakes. You will learn (something)from them(the mistakes that you make). Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned and speak up! Finally, you must be patient. Remember, "Rome wasn't built in a day." Well, Rome does not refer to the city of Rome only, it refers to the Roman empire, that is the great country that Rome built more than 2000 years ago. It was a great empire and of course you can not build anything good or great in just a short time . the Roman Empire [??m?pa?r] 罗马帝国 Empire--this word is spelled e-m-p-i-r-e. Now, I have this question: in what situation will you use this expression "Rome wasn't built in a day "? Please give us an example. Well, let's say that your friend wants to learn how to do something, like typing or swimming, and at first, your friend feels a little discouraged, because it is not easy to learn a new skill, but you tell him: Hey, come on. Rome wasn't built in a day. We want to encourage our friends with this saying. Your friend is learning how to type. He is a little bit discouraged. We can encourage our friends with this saying. 谚语 We say that English is an international language, because English is spoken around the world. Of course, there are more speakers of Mandarin than of English, but English is spoken by more people in more countries than Mandarin is, so, when you travel or do business or study overseas, you can always find English speakers, and English TV programs and English newspapers. In other words, English is a universal/ an international language, that is why we should learn it. Mandarin 普通话,国语Bruce speaks beautiful Mandarin.[?m?nd?r?n] foul language 下流话 Your stay here is just(or only) a waste of time. rewarding a.有(获)益的;值得做的,划算的. Teaching is a very rewarding profession.教书是一种很有价值的职业. Exercise is very rewarding for our health. It pays(/is rewarding) to exercise It is up to you. 随你吧 Well, if Peter asks me: do you want to go to a restaurant first or see a movie first tonight? I might say: it's up to you. Do we go to the movies first or shall we go to a restaurant first? It's up to you .but I know the true answer. He enjoys eating more than anything, let's go to the restaurant first . In our studio[?studio?], we have got a small studio over here and we have only two people here, that's Bruce and me, but Bruce is much too big, we have little room left here. by fits and starts adv.间歇地,断断续续地,一阵一阵地 If you learn English by fits and starts, you’ll get no where. My brother studied accounting by fits and starts, so he failed. If you give me a tip, I’ll give some tips on how to learn English.

赖世雄学英语的经历

赖世雄学英文的经历 高中结束后,大学联考英文只有辉煌的“7分”,「赖家老大从此不见了!祖宗八代的脸都被你丢光了!」 英语天王,大学联考英文真的只有“7分”!高中三年,就在鬼混、不用功的情况下度过了,我也知道自己铁定考不上大学,但是,总是要试一下。结果不出所料,英文只考了一个个位数——「七分」,数学就更不用提了,即使我一向擅长的三民主义,也出了状况,只有三十多分,成绩出乎意料的差。当时根本就没有钱可以买相关英语考试用书。 我永远忘不了父亲接到成绩单时那副失望的神情;他默默地坐在藤椅上,一张脸整个沉了下来,突然间好像老了十几岁,过了好久,才粗暴地迸出一句话:「赖家老大从此不见了!祖宗八代的脸都被你丢光了!」 我不在乎爸爸说我什么,内心也不会感到一丝难过,这是我自己不用功,成天搞乐团,生活荒唐造成的后果,我是咎由自取,怪不得任何人。 但是,当我听到爸爸替我隐瞒分数,告诉前来的同乡杨伯伯,我离录取标准只差两分、输得冤枉时,我难过得几乎掉下泪来。我觉得愧对爸爸,愧对他对我的期望。这些年,我一而再、再而三在他脸上抹灰,让他难堪!「爸爸!我真对不起你!」 开窍=挣脱樊笼,终于自由了!经过这么多的挫折、打击,受了那么多的轻视、屈辱,我在学科上还是没有任何改善,就在报考政战学校的录取通知单寄来时,我第一个感觉就是喜悦:「哈!终于可以离开这个樊笼,从此海阔天空,任我遨游。」至于游向何方?有什么理想?有什么抱负?心智未开的我,一点也没有考虑到,一心想的就是:「我自由了!」「我终于自由了!」

自由=关在笼子里的断翅囚鸟?进入政战后,天天被关在学校,不得外出,就像一只空中翱翔的鸟,突然被关在笼子里。失去自由还不算,稍有不慎,学长就连打带骂,身心承受无比的压力。于是兴起逃跑的念头,但是,不知道逃到哪里? 左思右想,我决心向父亲求救,于是我写了一封信给爸爸,告诉他:﹁我错了!以前没有好好读书,辜负了你的期望,一切都是儿子的过错,现在我已后悔了,知道要上进,希望你能给我一个赎罪的机会,接儿子出去,儿子一定会好好用功… 信寄出去好几天,没有任何回音,不知道父亲收到没?就在我焦急等待中,长官跑来问我:「这里的环境很好,为什么想走?有什么问题可以随时向部队长官反映。」我暗叫一声不妙:彷佛听到其中一个学长说:「小子!有种,「想退训!」我吓得不敢开口,一颗心扑通、扑通猛跳着。果然不出所料,等训导员离开后,我就被学长叫出去好好地接受了一番磨练。 说来奇怪,就在我被学长叫出去操练后,烦燥、恐惧的心反而笃定下来:「反正也逃不出去,就在这里安身立命吧!」也就是在那一刻,我第一次想到我的前途,第一次想到,我必须要做些什么了!

英语词汇学考试重点整理

Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出,表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

唱歌学英语的6大好处

唱歌学英语的6大好处 ①对语感的培养。经常的听和唱英文歌曲,可以很好的培养你的英语语感。在任 何的语言里,语感都是最重要的部分之一。 ②对发音的帮助。歌曲时而快时而慢的节奏对发音的要求比较高,而歌词连读、略读、重读等现象的经常出现,对英语学习者的发音会有很大帮助。 ③学唱英文歌曲对短期内高效的记忆单词是非常有效的。英语学习者通常是孤立地背单词,实际上,背单词不如背句子。因为,你背句子时候,单词就肯定顺便的被你一起记住了,对吧!还有,背诵句子,能让你更好的记住这些单词是如何用在句子里面的。很多人记了很多单词,但是不知道怎么造句子,有什么用?请问我们说话时是说句子多,还是一个一个单词说的多?当然我们说话时都是绝对以句子为主的。因此,背单词不如背句子!而英文歌曲中的句子都是非常值得记背诵的句子。因为,英文歌曲里面的句子都是最常用的句子,也是最地道的英语句子。你不但要学,还要优先学。 ④可以让英语学习者在短时期内学到地道、纯正的英语。由于中国人和外国人在思维上以及语言习惯上的差异,导致很多英语学习者学到

的,往往是中国式的英语。而流行音乐是英语学习者了解西方人的思维以及语言习惯的一种非常有效的方式。 ⑤学唱英文歌曲是非常有趣的,也是很好玩的,唱歌可学习到异域文化。背诵英语课本上的文章是很无聊的,对吧!如果你是像我这样,还录音录像的话,那就更好玩!学英语要玩着学,学唱英文歌曲是一个非常好的方法。能让你在快乐中学会英语。有些歌的产生有一定的时代背景,学唱这些歌曲,不但学习语言,还可以学到一定的历史文化知识和社会背景知识。 ⑥学会唱英文歌,可以帮助你指数级提升你的英语词汇量和地道英语句子量。还有最重要的就是:可以帮助你快速提升你的英语听力和口语水平

赖世雄学英语第二册

Lesson 1 Jack’s family Text: Jack is married to Alice. She is his wife and he is her husband. They have a daughter and a son. The son’s name is Henry and the daughter’s name is Lisa. They live next to Alice’s parents Harry and Margaret. Harry is Alice’s father and Margaret is her mother. Harry is Jack’s father-in-law and Margaret is his mother-in-law. Henry is Harry’s grandson and Lisa is Margaret’s granddaughter. Alice has a sister and a brother. Her sister’s name is Mary and her brother’s name is Frank. F rank has two children David and Sherry. Sherry is Alice’s niece and David is Alice’s nephew. Alice is their aunt and Jack is their uncle. Now listen to the text again and follow along Dialogue: Family members Woman: Do you have brothers and sisters? Man: No, I am the only child in my family. Woman: Oh, I have an elder sister. She is Mary. Her husband is a businessman. Man: Do they live with you and your parents? Woman: No, they live alone. Lesson 2 Two pronouns Text: Tommy is a pupil. He is always absent-minded in class. His father and mother always tell him to listen to the teacher in class carefully. Don’t be absent-minded again. His teacher tries to think of ways to change him:” Look at us when you are in class. Don’t be so absent-minded”. Tommy answers:”Ok, I will”. One day, Tommy is in English class. He is looking out of the window in smiling. His English teacher asks the class:” say two pronouns, please answer my question”. Tommy looks at his teacher in surprise and stands up:” Who? Me”. The teacher says:” Good, sit down please”. Dialogue: Absent-minded kids Man: My child is often absent-minded in class. Woman: It’s all right. Kids are like that. Man: But if he doesn’t listen to the teacher carefully, he won’t learn anything. Woman: Don’t worry. His teac her will tell him to be good. Man: I hope so. Lesson 3 Computer games Text: There are many kinds of computer games. Some of the games show violence. While others show women with almost no clothes on, some games let you point the gun at the people and shoot them. Many parents are worried that these kinds of games are bad for kids to play. There should be less violence in computer games. Some boys like to fight and they were used the computer to pretend to fight. Playing computer games helps kids to get involved with computers. Violence and sex are put in the games for boys. But what about girls, girls also need to be comfortable with computers. So they can use them when they grow up. The problem now is getting girls interested in computers while they are still young. Dialogue: Computer games Man: I hate the computer games. Woman: Why? They are fine. Man: Because they are too violent. Some of them are even disgusting. Woman: Indeed they are bad games. But many of them are good.

(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理

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