高中英语句子成分分析

句子成分

句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

主要成分有主语和谓语;

次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语,同位语和插入语。

(一)主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事. 一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

2.She went out in a hurry.(代词)

3.Four plus four is eight.(数词)

4.To see is to believe.(不定式)

5.Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)

6.The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)

7.What he has said is true. (句子)

练习:指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

He looked after two orphans.

复合谓语:

(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:

Y ou may keep the book for two weeks.

(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如:

Do you speak English?They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold.

(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:

We are students.

注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

I don't like the picture on the wall.

The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

Do you usually go to school by bus?

There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

(三)宾语

动作的对象或承受者——一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

1.Show your passport, please. (名词)

2.She didn't say anything. ( 代词)

3.How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)

4.They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)

5.They asked to see my passport. (不定式)

6.I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

7.Did you write down what he said? (句子)

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)例如:Lend me your dictionary, please. (2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)例如:They elected him their monitor.

挑出下列句中的宾语

My brother hasn't done his homework.

People all over the world speak English..

(四)宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

1. His father named him Dongming.(名词)

2. They painted their boat white.(形容词)

3. Let the fresh air in.(副词)

4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

5. We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

6. We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(五)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

1. Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

2. Is it yours?(代词)

3. The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

4. The speech is exciting.(分词)

5. Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

6. His job is to teach English.(不定式)

7. His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

8. The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

9. Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(六)定语:

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

1.He is a clever boy.(形容词)

2.His father works in a steel work.(名词)

3.There are 54students in our class.(数词)

4.Do you known betty’s sister?(名词的所有格)

5.He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)

6.There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)

7.His spoken language is good.(过去分词)

(七)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

1. Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

2. He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.

(不定式短语)

4. He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

5. Wait a minute.(名词)

6. Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

1. How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)

2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)

3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)

4. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)

8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

9. She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)

10. I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

(八)同位语:对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:

This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.

(九)插入语:对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe...)等,如:

To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.

高中英语-句子成分详细归纳

高中英语-句子成分详细归纳 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

高中英语句子种类与成分精辟总结

一.句子种类 句子按功能分可分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 1.陈述句用来陈述事实,有肯定和否定两种结构 History will not repeat itself. The train had not left when we got to the station. 2.疑问句用来提出问题,句末有问号。疑问句有四种:一般\特殊\选择\附加疑问句 Is English the most widely spoken language in the world? Where the hell have they been hiding? Shall we go home or stay here for the night? Your classmates study very hard, don’t they? 3.祈使句用来提出请求、命令、劝告、建议等 Be careful! Don’t interrupt me while I am working. Please sign here to show that you have received the money. 4.感叹句用来表达喜怒哀乐等各种情感 What a beautiful scene(it is)! How fast the horse is running! How careless the kids are! 句子按结构分可分为:简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构,但是可以有并列的主语、并列的谓语. The teacher tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in learning English. He and his twin brother share a lot in common. The old man slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus. 2.并列句中含有2个或者2个以上并列的简单句,由并列词或分号连接。常用的连词有and, but, for, nor, or, so, still, while, whereas, yet等。有时候也可在连词前用逗号隔开。 We must plan our family budget carefully, for the price of food has risen recently. Jame works at the Family Planning Clinic and her husband does research work for the same unit. 3.复合句含有一个主语或一个以上的从句。常见的从句有名词性从句(即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句),定语从句和状语从句。 That the child survived the accident was a miracle.(主语从句) The reason why I plan to go to college is that she will be disappointed if I don’t.(表语从句) The teacher taught us that we should always do our best.(宾语从句) The rumor that they would get married spread at once.(同位语从句) That’s the painter whose works are so highly regarded.(定语从句) Although Richard counted the cash three times, the total still didn’t tally with the amount on the register tape. 4.并列复合句是含有复合句的并列句。 When the projector broke for a second time, some people in the audience hissed, and others shouted for a refund. 二.句子成分 句子成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补语、主语补语、同位语等。 1.主语是句子讲述的主体。

(完整版)高中英语句子成分分析大全

英语句子成分解析大全 一个句子最少由两部分构成,即主语和谓语,它们是句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分 包括宾语(包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语),表语,定语(包括前置定语及后置定语),状语,同位语(包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语),补语及呼语。 一.主语:是一句话的中心,整句话都谈它的情况。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。 ) Time flies. (岁月飞逝。) 这两句话中分别由代词 They ,名词 Time 作主语。 二.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为也许状态。谓语必定由动词或动词短语充当, 因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能够作谓语。且谓语动词能够表现时态, 单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。 ) He enjoys singing songs. (他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词 were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing 动词短语)作谓语。其中 were 表现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称, enjoys singing 体 现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词也许介词此后。 如: I play with him. (我和他玩。 ) I like Chinese food. (我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ,名词 food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物 ,间接宾语是指受益于动词所 表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。 又如: My mother bought a schoolbag to me.( 我妈妈买了一个书包给我。 ) 这句话中 schoolbag 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词此后,其中接在系动词 be 后是最常有 的情况。 如 They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。 ) He is kind.. ( 他心地和蔼。 ) 这两句话分别由名词 teachers,形容词 kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词也许相 当于形容词的短语或从句担当。形容词放在名词从前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语 或从句放在名词的后边,构成后置定语。 如: This is red sun. (这是个红太阳 ) 这句话由形容词 red 作前置定语,修饰 sun. 又如: His work in the hospital is very hard.( 他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。 ) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语 in the hospital 作后置定语,修饰 work 。 六.状语:是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担当。修饰动词 时能够放在动词从前,也能够放在动词此后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们从前。差异状语 与定语的要点就是看其所修饰的部分,定语修饰名词,且起说明、限制作用。 如:The students study hard.(学生努力学习 )

高中英语语法句子成分分析 word版

一、句子成分 英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析(语法高手必备) 英语句子成分分析 (一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分(一般共九中成分); 主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 (二)主语: 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。(但在 there b e 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。) 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如:(请画出主语) Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus. He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. (主语从句) (三)谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如: You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are s tudents. 谓语 体现时态和语态?时态 (与非谓语比较) 语态 现在时: 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/do Is/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doing Is/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g + Has/have+been+

高中英语语法精讲:基本句子结构之句子成分

句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1)主语(subject) 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。比如: 1. The room is very clean. (名词) 2. We often speak English. (代词) 3. To teach them English is my job.(动词不定式) 4. Swimming is good for our health. (动名词) 5. What we need is food. (从句) 6. The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容词) 2)谓语(predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”,“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词,体现时态和语态,一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如: He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语: a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 如:He can speak English. b. 助动词:帮助构成时态和语态,不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。 He doesn't like speaking Chinese. I have seen the film before. He didn't finish his homework last night. 3) 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词之后,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。 常见的系动词: 1. 表状态:be 2. 表感官:look, sound, smell, taste, feel 3. 表变化:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go 4. 表持续,保持:keep, remain, stay 5. 表似乎,像:seem,appear 例子:划线部分均为表语: •1. I am a teacher. (名词) •2. I am ten. (数词) •3. He became rich and successful. (形容词) •4. They are at home now. (介词短语) 4)宾语(object) 宾语:表示动作所涉及的对象,内容或承受者。 宾语的种类:动宾:动词+宾语介宾:介词+宾语 例子:划线部分为宾语。 1. He is playing the piano.(名词) 2. He often helps me.(代词)

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

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高中英语句子成分分析

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高中英语语法句子成分分析word版

高中英语语法句子成分分析 word 版 英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析(语法高手必备)英语句子成分分析 (一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有要紧成分和次要成分(一样共九中成分); 要紧成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 (二)主语: 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一样位于句首。(但在 there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。) 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如:(请画出主语) Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus. He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been de cided. (主语从句) (三)谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一样放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. 谓语表达时态和语态。•时态 (与非谓语比较)语态 现在时: 一样现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或doe s/do Is/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doi ng Is/am/are+ Is /am/are+being+ Has/have+been+ 现在完成进行时: 过去时: 一样过去时: Was/were+---或did 过去进行时: Was/were+doing 过去完成时:Had+done 过去今后时:Would/should+d o Was/were+ Was/were+being+ Had+been+ Would/shoul d+be+ done 今后时:一样今后时:

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