物理外文文献
Working-of-a-Blast-Furnace高炉炼铁大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：高炉炼铁文献、资料英文题目：Working-of-a-Blast-Furnace 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14高炉炼铁Jan Terpar, Imrich KostialDepartment of Informatics and Process ControlFaculty of BERGTechnical University of KošiceB.Nemavej304200 KosiceSlovak Republic高炉是一个巨大的内部为耐火材料的刚炉，铁矿石，焦炭和石灰石倾入炉顶，预热空气在底部吹入。
经过物理化学反应后转换成的铁水，既一种液态铁的氧化物。
原材料在炉内经6至8小时降低到炉底部，得到的最终产品是液态渣铁，炎热的空气在炉底被吹上行在6至8秒到顶端后，将进行各种化学反应。
高炉一旦启动，最少将连续运行4到10年后，才将高炉熄火，进行维护。
1高炉炼铁反应过程在原料矿、球团、烧结矿在高炉内反应后得到铁矿石。
原矿石来自于地表，其块状的大小为0.5至1.5英寸。
一些矿石铁的含量的大约为50％到70％，这些矿石要么是赤铁矿（氧化铁）要么是磁铁矿（Fe3O4）。
这些矿石可以直接送入高炉而不需任何进一步的处理。
此外，一些矿石铁的含量较低必须进行处理使其铁含量增加。
球团矿是含有60％至65％铁，它是一些低铁含量的矿石，在被碾碎、磨成粉末，将所谓的废料煤矸石剔除后，其余富含铁的粉球和高炉内的燃煤产生强烈的反应形成的颗粒。
烧结矿是从原料矿，焦炭，石灰石和其他许多钢铁厂含有一些铁废料按一定的比例烧结后获得所需的产品化学，然后将其混合在一起。
这些混合的原料，然后放置在一起形成一种类似钢铁传送带烧结链，它是在燃气炉和原矿在经过焦炭热融合形成成面积较大，尺寸从0.5顷到2.0英寸的矿石。
(完整word版)光学外文文献及翻译
学号2013211033 昆明理工大学专业英语专业光学姓名辜苏导师李重光教授分数导师签字日期2015年5月6日研究生部专业英语考核In digital holography, the recording CCD is placed on the ξ-ηplane in order to register the hologramx ',y 'when the object lies inthe x-y plane. Forthe reconstruction ofthe information ofthe object wave,phase-shifting digital holography includes two steps:(1) getting objectwave on hologram plane, and (2) reconstructing original object wave.2.1 Getting information of object wave on hologram plateDoing phase shifting N-1 times and capturing N holograms. Supposing the interferogram after k- 1 times phase-shifting is]),(cos[),(),(),,(k k b a I δηξφηξηξδηξ-⋅+= （1） Phase detection can apply two kinds of algorithms:synchronous phase detection algorithms [9]and the least squares iterative algorithm [10]. The four-step algorithm in synchronous phase detection algorithm is in common use. The calculation equation is)2/3,,(),,()]2/,,()0,,([2/1),(πηξπηξπηξηξηξiI I iI I E --+=2.2 Reconstructing original object wave by reverse-transform algorithmObject wave from the original object spreads front.The processing has exact and clear description and expression in physics and mathematics. By phase-shifting technique, we have obtained information of the object wave spreading to a certain distance from the original object. Therefore, in order to get the information of the object wave at its initial spreading position, what we need to do is a reverse work.Fig.1 Geometric coordinate of digital holographyexact registering distance.The focusing functions normally applied can be divided into four types: gray and gradient function, frequency-domain function, informatics function and statistics function. Gray evaluation function is easy to calculate and also robust. It can satisfy the demand of common focusing precision. We apply the intensity sum of reconstruction image as the evaluation function:min ),(11==∑∑==M k Nl l k SThe calculation is described in Fig.2. The position occurring the turning point correspondes to the best registration distanced, also equals to the reconstructing distance d '.It should be indicated that if we only need to reconstruct the phase map of the object wave, the registration distance substituted into the calculation equation is permitted having a departure from its true value.4 Spatial resolution of digital holography4.1 Affecting factors of the spatial resolution of digital holographyIt should be considered in three respects: (1) sizes of the object and the registering material, and the direction of the reference beam, (2) resolution of the registering material, and (3) diffraction limitation.For pointx2on the object shown in Fig.3, the limits of spatial frequency are λξθλθθ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-'-=-=-0211maxmax tan sin sin sin sin z x f R R Fig.2 Determining reconstructing distanceλξθλθθ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-'-=-=-211minmintansinsinsinsin zxfRRFrequency range isλξξ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-'-⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=∆--211211tansintansinzxzxfso the range is unrelated to the reference beam.Considering the resolution of registering material in order to satisfy the sampling theory, phase difference between adjacent points on the recording plate should be less than π, namely resolution of the registration material.cfff=∆η21)(minmaxπ4.2 Expanding the spatial resolution of reconstruction imageExpanding the spatial resolution can be realized at least in three ways: (1) Reducing the registration distance z0 can improve the reconstruction resolution, but it goes with reduction of the reconstruction area at the same ratio.Therefore, this method has its limitation. (2) Increasing the resolution and the imaging size of CCD with expensive price. (3) Applying image-synthesizing technique[11]CCD captures a few of images between which there is small displacement (usually a fraction of the pixel size) vertical to the CCD plane, shown in Fig.4(Schematic of vertical moving is the same).This method has two disadvantages. First, it is unsuitable for dynamic testing and can only be applied in the static image reconstruction. Second, because the pixel size is small (usually 5μm to 10μm) and the displacement should a fraction of this size (for example 2μm), it needs a moving table with high resolution and precision. Also it needs high stability in whole testing.In general, improvement of the spatial resolution of digital reconstruction is Fig.3 Relationship between object and CCDstill a big problem for the application of digital holography.5 Testing resultsFig.5 is the photo of the testing system. The paper does testing on two coins. The pixel size of the CCD is 4.65μm and there are 1 392×1 040 pixels. The firstis one Yuan coin of RMB (525 mm) used for image reconstruction by phase-shifting digital holography. The second is one Jiao coin of RMB (520 mm) for the testing of deformation measurement also by phase-shifting digital holography.5.1 Result of image reconstructionThe dimension of the one Yuancoin is 25 mm. The registrationdistance measured by ruler isabout 385mm. We capture ourphase-shifting holograms andreconstruct the image byphase-shifting digital holography.Fig.6 is the reconstructed image.Fig.7 is the curve of the auto-focusFig.4 Image capturing by moving CCD along horizontal directionFig.5 Photo of the testing systemfunction, from which we determine the real registration distance 370 mm. We can also change the controlling precision, for example 5mm, 0.1 mm,etc., to get more course or precision reconstruction position.5.2 Deformation measurementIn digital holography, the method of measuring deformation measurement differs from the traditional holography. It gets object wave before and after deformation and then subtract their phases to obtain the deformation. The study tested effect of heating deformation on the coin of one Jiao. The results are shown in Fig.8, Where (a) is the interferential signal of the object waves before and after deformation, and (b) is the wrapped phase difference.5.3 Improving the spatial resolutionFor the tested coin, we applied four sub-low-resolution holograms to reconstruct the high-resolution by the image-synthesizing technique. Fig.9 (a) is the reconstructed image by one low-resolution hologram, and (b) is the high-resolution image reconstructed from four low-resolution holograms.Fig.6 Reconstructed image Fig.7 Auto-focus functionFig.8 Heating deformation resultsFig.9 Comparing between the low and high resolution reconstructed image6 SummaryDigital holography can obtain phase and amplitude of the object wave at the same time. Compared to other techniques is a big advantage. Phase-shifting digital holography can realize image reconstruction and deformation with less noise. But it is unsuitable for dynamic testing. Applying the intensity sum of the reconstruction image as the auto-focusing function to evaluate the registering distance is easy, and computation is fast. Its precision is also sufficient. The image-synthesizing technique can improve spatial resolution of digital holography, but its static characteristic reduces its practicability. The limited dimension and too big pixel size are still the main obstacles for widely application of digital holography.外文文献译文：标题：图像重建中的相移数字全息摘要：相移数字全息术被用来研究研究艺术品的内部缺陷。
中学物理教学论文参考文献范例
中学物理教学论文参考文献一、中学物理教学论文期刊参考文献[1].论中学物理教学中的科学方法教育.《中国教育学刊》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2005年8期.邢红军.陈清梅.[2].试论低成本实验在民族地区中学物理教学中的应用.《民族教育研究》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2013年1期.范增.吴桂平.[3].探究性学习在中学物理教学中的应用.《学科教育》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2001年9期.曾志旺.[4].西藏中学物理教学成就、挑战及其对策研究.《民族教育研究》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2012年4期.李凯.[6].中学物理教学中的STS教育.《首都师范大学学报《科教文汇》.2009年23期.王杰.尹钊.[8].趣味物理实验在中学物理教学中的实践运用.《科学大众（科学教育）》.2015年12期.张启.[9].浅谈中学物理教学与科学素质培养.《教育界》.2015年33期.叶秋香.[10].中学物理教学内容体系现代化的思考与分析.《教师》.2014年11期.刘连军.二、中学物理教学论文参考文献学位论文类[1].交互式电子白板在中学物理教学中的应用研究.被引次数：33作者：李沐东.教育·教育技术学上海师范大学2007（学位年度）[2].中学物理教学过程中学生参与及影响因素研究.被引次数：26作者：吴海荣.课程与教学论·物理西南大学2010（学位年度）[3].中学物理教学中问题情境创设的研究.被引次数：26作者：范良兰.学科教学·物理福建师范大学2005（学位年度）[4].中学物理教学疑难问题研究.被引次数：5作者：唐忠敏.课程与教学论西南大学2011（学位年度）[5].中学物理教学中学生科学探究能力的评定.被引次数：11作者：吴芳.课程与教学论(物理教育学)浙江师范大学2007（学位年度）[6].中学物理教学情境创设的研究.被引次数：13作者：沈兰.学科教学(物理)华东师范大学2007（学位年度）[7].中学物理教学中引入物理学史的作用研究.被引次数：21作者：李远俊.学科教学·物理西南师范大学西南大学2002（学位年度）[8].电脑游戏在中学物理教学中的应用研究.被引次数：11作者：张莉娟.课程与教学论江西师范大学2006（学位年度）[9].中学物理教学中网络演示课件资源有效利用的研究.作者：曲婷婷.学科教学(物理)上海师范大学2014（学位年度）[10].在中学物理教学中渗透STS教育的研究.被引次数：14作者：李永兰.教育湖南师范大学2005（学位年度）三、相关中学物理教学论文外文参考文献[1]Humanizingtheteachingofphysicsthroughstorytelling:thecaseofcur rentelectricity.YannisHadzigeorgiou《PhysicsEducation》,被EI收录EI.20061[2]Enhancingmechanicslearningthroughcognitivelyappropriateinstruc tion.FernandoEspinoza《PhysicsEducation》,被EI收录EI.20042[3]TheDesignandImplementationofMiddleSchoolPhysicsOpticalSimulati onExperimentPlatform. XiangchunMaShaochunZhongDaXuChunhongZhang2010[4]Educatingmiddleandhighschoolstudentsinspaceoperations:thesimul ationapproach.Mollaghasemi,M.Georgiopoulos,M.Donnelly,A.Cope,D.Steele,M.2004[5]SpaceScienceNews:fromarchivetoteachingresource,thesecretlifeof newspapers.BillyMcCluneRuthJarman《PhysicsEducation》,被EI收录EI.20042[6]UtilizationofHandsOnandSimulationActivitiesforTeachingMiddleSc hoolLunarConcepts.ReniB.RosemanDyanL.Jones2014[7]ReflectionsfromaFresnellens.DavidKeeports《PhysicsEducation》,被EI收录EI.20051[8]JuniorHighSchoolPhysics:UsingaQualitativeStrategyforSuccessful ProblemSolving.RoniMualemBatShevaEylon《Journalofresearchinscienceteaching》,20109[9]Catchingthemyoung!.JVPottsAWPotts《PhysicsEducation》,被EI收录EI.20055[10]Teachingphysicswithangrybirds:Exploringthekinematicsanddynami csofthegame.Rodrigues,M.Sime?oCarvalho,P.《PhysicsEducation》,被EI收录EI.20134四、中学物理教学论文专著参考文献[1]物理教学的科学性、严谨性、逻辑性浅谈在中学物理教学中科学素养的培养.毕传平，2012全国第六届中学物理特级教师学术研讨会暨江苏省第二届物理名师论坛[2]高质量的中学物理教学必须根基于精细化的课堂教学基于教学一线调研的案例分析.汪根龙，20122012年第十六届华东六省一市物理学会联合年会[3]解读物理课程标准实施探究式教学——新课标下大学物理教学与中学物理教学的衔接研究.方丽梅，20112011年全国高等学校物理基础课程教育学术研讨会[4]中学物理教学的本真概念、规律、方法.吴少辉，2012全国第六届中学物理特级教师学术研讨会暨江苏省第二届物理名师论坛[5]中学物理教学的“三讲”与“三动”.蒋敦武，2012全国第六届中学物理特级教师学术研讨会暨江苏省第二届物理名师论坛[6]中学物理教学成功过渡到大学物理教学探究.曹海静.陈中华.朱燕艳，20092009年全国高等学校物理基础课程教育学术研讨会[7]类比法在中学物理教学中的应用.孙哲，2008陕西省物理学会2008年学术年会[8]中学物理教学成功过渡到大学物理教学的实践与探讨.刘培姣.殷勇，2015湖北省物理学会、武汉物理学会2015学术年会[9]试谈中学物理教学的艺术.郭培萍，2007中华创新教育论坛[10]巧用Visio2007软件进行中学物理制图.吴登选，2009第九届中国教育信息化创新与发展论坛。
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光学外文文献及翻译
学号********** 昆明理工大学专业英语专业光学姓名辜苏导师李重光教授分数导师签字日期2015年5月6日研究生部专业英语考核In digital holography, the recording CCD is placed on the ξ-ηplane in order to register the hologramx ',y 'when the object lies inthe x-y plane. Forthe reconstruction ofthe information ofthe object wave,phase-shifting digital holography includes two steps:(1) getting objectwave on hologram plane, and (2) reconstructing original object wave.2.1 Getting information of object wave on hologram plateDoing phase shifting N-1 times and capturing N holograms. Supposing the interferogram after k- 1 times phase-shifting is]),(cos[),(),(),,(k k b a I δηξφηξηξδηξ-⋅+= （1） Phase detection can apply two kinds of algorithms:synchronous phase detection algorithms [9]and the least squares iterative algorithm [10]. The four-step algorithm in synchronous phase detection algorithm is in common use. The calculation equation is)2/3,,(),,()]2/,,()0,,([2/1),(πηξπηξπηξηξηξiI I iI I E --+=2.2 Reconstructing original object wave by reverse-transform algorithmObject wave from the original object spreads front.The processing has exact and clear description and expression in physics and mathematics. By phase-shifting technique, we have obtained information of the object wave spreading to a certain distance from the original object. Therefore, in order to get the information of the object wave at its initial spreading position, what we need to do is a reverse work.Fig.1 Geometric coordinate of digital holographyexact registering distance.The focusing functions normally applied can be divided into four types: gray and gradient function, frequency-domain function, informatics function and statistics function. Gray evaluation function is easy to calculate and also robust. It can satisfy the demand of common focusing precision. We apply the intensity sum of reconstruction image as the evaluation function:min ),(11==∑∑==M k Nl l k SThe calculation is described in Fig.2. The position occurring the turning point correspondes to the best registration distanced, also equals to the reconstructing distance d '.It should be indicated that if we only need to reconstruct the phase map of the object wave, the registration distance substituted into the calculation equation is permitted having a departure from its true value.4 Spatial resolution of digital holography4.1 Affecting factors of the spatial resolution of digital holographyIt should be considered in three respects: (1) sizes of the object and the registering material, and the direction of the reference beam, (2) resolution of the registering material, and (3) diffraction limitation.For pointx2on the object shown in Fig.3, the limits of spatial frequency are λξθλθθ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-'-=-=-0211maxmax tan sin sin sin sin z x f R R Fig.2 Determining reconstructing distanceλξθλθθ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-'-=-=-0211minmin tan sin sin sin sin z x f R R Frequency range isλξξ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-'-⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=∆--02110211tan sin tan sin z x z x f so the range is unrelated to the reference beam.Considering the resolution of registering material in order to satisfy the sampling theory, phase difference between adjacent points on the recording plate should be less than π, namely resolution of the registration material.c f f f =∆η21)(min max 4.2 Expanding the spatial resolution of reconstruction imageExpanding the spatial resolution can be realized at least in three ways: (1) Reducing the registration distance z 0 can improve the reconstruction resolution, but it goes with reduction of the reconstruction area at the same ratio.Therefore, this method has its limitation. (2) Increasing the resolution and the imaging size of CCD with expensive price. (3) Applying image-synthesizing technique [11]CCD captures a few of images between which there is small displacement (usually a fraction of the pixel size) vertical to the CCD plane, shown in Fig.4(Schematic of vertical moving is the same).This method has two disadvantages. First, it is unsuitable for dynamic testing and can only be applied in the static image reconstruction. Second, because the pixel size is small (usually 5μm to 10μm) and the displacement should a fraction of this size (for example 2μm), it needs a moving table with high resolution and precision. Also it needs high stability in whole testing.In general, improvement of the spatial resolution of digital reconstruction isFig.3 Relationship between object and CCDstill a big problem for the application of digital holography.Fig.4 Image capturing by moving CCD along horizontal direction5 Testing resultsFig.5 is the photo of the testing system. The paper does testing on two coins. The pixel size of the CCD is 4.65μm and there are 1 392×1 040 pixels. The firstis one Yuan coin of RMB (525 mm) used for image reconstruction by phase-shifting digital holography. The second is one Jiao coin of RMB (520 mm) for the testing of deformation measurement also by phase-shifting digital holography.Fig.5 Photo of the testing system5.1 Result of image reconstructionThe dimension of the one Yuancoin is 25 mm. The registrationdistance measured by ruler isabout 385mm. We capture ourphase-shifting holograms andreconstruct the image byphase-shifting digital holography.Fig.6 is the reconstructed image.Fig.7 is the curve of the auto-focusfunction, from which we determine the real registration distance 370 mm. We can also change the controlling precision, for example 5mm, 0.1 mm,etc., to get more course or precision reconstruction position.Fig.6 Reconstructed image Fig.7 Auto-focus function5.2 Deformation measurementIn digital holography, the method of measuring deformation measurement differs from the traditional holography. It gets object wave before and after deformation and then subtract their phases to obtain the deformation. The study tested effect of heating deformation on the coin of one Jiao. The results are shown in Fig.8, Where (a) is the interferential signal of the object waves before and after deformation, and (b) is the wrapped phase difference.Fig.8 Heating deformation results5.3 Improving the spatial resolutionFor the tested coin, we applied four sub-low-resolution holograms to reconstruct the high-resolution by the image-synthesizing technique. Fig.9 (a) is the reconstructed image by one low-resolution hologram, and (b) is the high-resolution image reconstructed from four low-resolution holograms.Fig.9 Comparing between the low and high resolution reconstructed image6 SummaryDigital holography can obtain phase and amplitude of the object wave at the same time. Compared to other techniques is a big advantage. Phase-shifting digital holography can realize image reconstruction and deformation with less noise. But it is unsuitable for dynamic testing. Applying the intensity sum of the reconstruction image as the auto-focusing function to evaluate the registering distance is easy, and computation is fast. Its precision is also sufficient. The image-synthesizing technique can improve spatial resolution of digital holography, but its static characteristic reduces its practicability. The limited dimension and too big pixel size are still the main obstacles for widely application of digital holography.外文文献译文：标题：图像重建中的相移数字全息摘要：相移数字全息术被用来研究研究艺术品的内部缺陷。
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The Paradigmatic Change in Mechanics: Implications of Historical Processes for Physics Education*
GALILEO'S NEW SCIENTIFIC METHOD Let us begin with four theses about the characteristics of Galilean physics compared with Peripatetic or medieval physics (see Schecker 1985, p. 419): I. The transition from Peripatetic/medieval to Galilean/Newtonian physics meant a fundamental, qualitative change in looking at natural phenomena and organizing experience. II. In the beginning the changes did not lie in opening up new fields of experience or
H O R S T P. S C H E C K E R
Institute of Physics Education, University of Bremen, D-2800 Bremen, Germany
ABSTRACT: Analysingthe paradigmatic shift from Peripatetic to Galilean physics can help to understand students' difficultiesin learning Newtonian mechanics. This article promotes the use of historical texts in physics teaching as a means to support students in becoming aware of the structural differences between everyday life and scientific views of the world. The question is: Does conceptual change require paradigmatic change?
INTRODUCTION Students' difficulties in learning Newtonian concepts of mechanics have been widely analysed and described (McDermott 1984). The findings suggest that their understanding of 'velocity', 'acceleration' or 'force' is governed by pre-instructional beliefs and ideas. Physics instruction enriches these ideas by fragmented formal knowledge (like ' F = m * a'), but does not affect the fundamental qualitative structures of the students' cognitive systems. They adhere to the idea that motion needs the constant action of a force in its direction. The resistance of 'common-sense mechanics' to change is partly due to its successful application in everyday communication about motion and force, Parallels between the students' views and historical steps in the development of scientific ideas about mechanics were e.g. drawn by Whitaker (1983) and Clement (1982). Thomas S. Kuhn's epistemological concept of 'paradigmatic change' has been applied to the explanation of students' learning difficulties. As in history there is no linear shift from Peripatetic notions to Galilean or Newtonian concepts. In this view, the arduousness of learning mechanics is expressed in the effort required as students shift their thinking from one paradigm to another. Paradigm shifts are not accomplished easily, neither in the scientific enterprise nor in the minds of students. (Champagne 1980, p. 1077) This paper describes some essential differences between pre- and postGalilean scientific thinking from a didactic point of view. We propose to introduce the history of science into physics education as a means to help students become aware of their own ideas and to support the contrastive learning of new scientific concepts (Niedderer 1988). Accordingly we begin by listing in mechanics before we turn to historical and epistemological considerations. Finally we discuss the need
72
HORST P. SCHECKER
of paradigmatic change as a prerequisite for conceptual change in mechanics.
SOME GENERAL TRAITS IN STUDENTS' MECHANICALTHINKING When students' learning difficulties in mechanics are discussed on a historical background, the focus usually lies on specific preconcepts, like parallels between the idea that bodies in motion "have force" and the medieval impetus-theory (McCloskey 1983). We will instead concentrate on more general traits - under the hypothesis that many specific alternative conceptualisations are based on underlying frameworks of thinking. The following findings are based on a detailed study of the students' 'matrix of understanding' (MOU) in mechanics (Schecker 1985). They refer to high-school students, aged 16 to 19. Three of their general frames of thinking can be described as: (i) Students reflect upon abstract physical problems in the form of conceived concrete realisations. (ii) Studems consider the precise explanation of specific experiences as physics' main task. (iii) Students think that physical laws refer to ideal laboratory-worlds and have little significance for everyday experiences. Many students, for instance, doubt whether it makes sense to analyse or reflect upon frictionless motion, because they cannot see any connection to their own experiences, where motion is always exposed to friction. They prefer phenomena that seem to be directly accessible for the 'naked eye'. In their minds they reformulate textbook exercises that the author wrote as thought experiments into concrete cases. Although highly idealised or mentally constructed cases have become constitutive for scientific knowledge processing since the days of Galileo and Newton most students do not grasp their function in the process of knowing. History can help the teacher to gain more insight into the students' problems by explicating the threshold towards modern physics, with the students standing on its Peripatetic side.