长喜四级考试模拟试题(2)详细解[1]...
长喜英语大学四级考试模拟试题2
大学英语四级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST— Band Four —长喜英语大学四级考试模拟试题※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※长喜英语提醒您一、将自己的校名、姓各写在试卷本页右上角上。
二、试题册不得带出考场。
考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。
三、仔细读懂题目的说明。
四、在30分钟内做完作文题。
30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。
然后完成其余部分的试题。
全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。
五、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。
六、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。
七、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。
若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Relieve Stress. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 现在人们面临着各种压力2. 人们减压的方法各异3. 我的减压方法How to Relieve Stress__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8–10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadSwamped (忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliché(陈词滥调) you employ to depict(描述) it, we‟ve all been in that sit uation where we feel like wemight be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.Get organized“Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you‟ll retrieve (重新获得) the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” says Jeff Davidson who works as a work-life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is re placeable.”Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that y ou can‟t locate a document or report easily because it‟s lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”Make a to-do list, then cover it upIt may sound weird (怪异的), but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at BluefishDesign Studio which is an advertising consulting firm.Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you‟re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says.Stop multitaskingDespite what you may consider mult itasking, it‟s counterproductive. Unless you‟re drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you‟re not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once.“If you find yourself getting tangled (纠缠的) in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to reevaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When app licable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,” he says.Set time limitsDeborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she‟s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to“do it all” by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says.“As a consequence I assign time slots (时隙): For the next 15 minutes I will participate in socialmedia for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next tas k. That way, at night I don‟t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.”Talk to your manager“Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that they‟re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager‟s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor.Green‟s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find y ourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren‟t just complaining about thei r workload.Eliminate time wasters“If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “U se voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, shut off the alert that says …You‟ve got an e-mail‟ and give staff members a set time to visit with you.”Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies (例证) Roth‟s point. “E-mail hadbeen a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says.Assess your workload before taking on new tasks“The paradox (悖论) of today‟s work environment is that the more you do, the more that‟s expected of you,” Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致) withyour priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?Want to know more?Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.1. Jeff Davidson suggests that you can enhance your work efficiency by ______.A) removing the dead tress from your officeB) improving one‟s ability to replace thingsC) getting rid of unnecessary materials at workD) redecorating one‟s office when it gets untidy2. What‟s the cause of one‟s low work efficiency according to Joel Rudy?A) His lack of instruction in handling time while working.B) His lack of sufficient working experience under his belt.C) His weak will-power which can be easily crushed by heavy workload.D) His incapability of managing materials necessary for his doing work well.3. According to Jessica Carlson what is essential in managing a to-do list?A) Having a peaceful mind at work.B) Performing the tasks one by one.C) Giving priority to one task at a time.D) Building a high efficient work-team.4. According to Rudy doing too many things at one time may lead to ______.A) saving much time C) peace of mind at workB) low efficiency D) appreciation from the boss5. To manage her to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed Deborah Chaddock-Brown _______.A) participates in social media frequently C) accomplishes each task at 15 minutesB) sets time limits for all tasks D) tends to make herself feel busy all day6. What does Holly Green think managers should do if employees go to him for help with the work?A) Reevaluate their workload.B) Help sort out priorities willingly.C) Tell them what they‟re d oing is important.D) Relieve them of too many responsibilities.7. How did Eileen Roth and Justin Gramm consider interruptions at work?A) They distract one from the task at hand.B) They sometimes may make you relaxed.C) They sometimes help improve work efficiency.D) One sometimes won‟t do his work well without them.8. Gramm has become much more efficient since he decided to check his e-mails _________________________________.9. Davidson says that in work environment nowadays the more you do, ________________.10. Most experts recommended ___________________________ as additional tips for those whowant to maximize efficiency.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.11. A) She knows nothing about hacking. C) She hasn‟t watched the movie before.B) She is not interested in the movie. D) She has no knowledge about the movie.12. A) Eric once had a job in Tokyo. C) Eric has too high an opinion of Tokyo.B) Eric always spread rumor around. D) What Eric said about Tokyo is believable.13. A) A heavy load of job task. C) Too much to do this week.B) Noisy guests in the house. D) Naughty children at home.14. A) It is a bad image of Bob. C) It shows Bob‟s signature posture.B) It gives light to Bob‟s hair.D) It is a good picture of Bob in every detail.15. A) The woman is supposed to find the boat first.B) The woman should ask the information center.C) He would find the lecture room for the woman.D) He could show the woman how to find the boat.16. A) The company the man applies for is small.B) The company made a deep impression on the man.C) The company the man applies for is big and famous.D) The woman wants to know what the man is interested in.17. A) Her classmate. C) Her boss.B) Her teacher. D) Her colleague.18. A) She will see if they have more paper.B) The paper the man asked for is out of stock.C) The man should look for the paper elsewhere.D) She will help the man write his graduation paper.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Her mother is ill.B) She won‟t go home for the holiday.C) She didn‟t get a scholarship to study chemistry.D) Her favorite teacher is ill.20. A) Old and tired. C) Patient and popular.B) Serious and healthy. D) Retired and healthy.21. A) Mr. Amald. C) Mr. Cobette.B) Miss Stiff. D) The woman‟s mom.22. A) Sad about them. C) Lucky to have had them.B) Bad about their teaching. D) Happy that they are retired.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It has so many buildings. C) It‟s so hard to get familiar with.B) It‟s so large. D) It‟s easy to get around.24. A) Work out the layout of the campus.B) Locate the Darwin Building on the map.C) Attend their biology class.D) Talk about their first impression of the university.25. A) 9:30 B) 10:00 C) 10:15 D) 11:00Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) A family honor. B) A family secret. C) A family story. D) A family treasure.27. A) They were brought to Australia as prisoners.B) They were the earliest people living in Australia.C) They were involved in some crimes in Australia.D) They were not regarded as criminals in their days.28. A) She was curious about it. C) She intended to scare her parents.B) She planned to keep it for fun. D) She needed it for her school task.29. A) They were crazy. C) They realized their misunderstanding.B) They were overexcited. D) They both thought they had won the quarrel. Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) After she finished high school. C) Before she got married to Henry.B) When she was twenty years old. D) When she just moved to Maryland.31. A) She was to give birth to a baby soon. C) She lacked driving experience in Maryland.B) She insisted on signing for herself. D) She was forbidden to drive by Maryland law.32. A) Different states may have different laws.B) Males should serve in the army before marriage.C) People have to renew their licenses in their home states.D) Women should adopt their husbands‟ family names after marriage.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) She worked as a helper to her mother.B) She received a degree in mathematics.C) She won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.D) She contributed to saving the wounded.34. A) In 1897. B) In 1927. C) In 1932. D) In 1935.35. A) Irene won the Nobel Prize once. C) Irene combined family and career.B) Irene worked with radioactivity. D) Irene died from a very serious disease.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill inthe missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.Boy, tourism really is a big business these days. It is (36) _______. It involves hotels, transportation, restaurants, shops, and thousands of people. The tour companies (37) _______ telling us what a good thing it is about how much we can learn about people and customs, but sometimes I (38) _______ if this is really true.A couple that I know went abroad last summer. They (39) _______ with a tour group. It‟s interesting to compare their (40) _______ with some of that of other people in the same tour group. My friends, (41) _______, had some acquaintances, or friends, actually, along the (42) _______ of their tour. In some of the cities they were going to, they knew some local people. When they got to (43) _______ places, they could go out with some of the local people and (44) ________________________________________________________________.Other members of the tour group, however, never got away from the group at all. They never went out and did a thing on their own. (45) ________________________________________________________________. I understand why peo ple wouldn‟t go out on their own, because of language problems and being a little bit afraid. (46) ________________________________________________________________. If tour companies emphasized that, everyone really would learn about other people and other customs.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In June of 2008, I was laid off from my position as a chemist for a pharmaceutical(医药的) company after 17 years in the industry.What should I do for the rest of my life? I knew that I wanted to go back to academe (学院) someday, but I had always envisioned(设想) that would happen when I reached47 age. Yet here I was at age 44, with a 48 to make. I knew from recent experience that I enjoyed passing on knowledge to others more than 49 using that knowledge to do the same type of work over and over. All things being equal, I 50 I would rather teach than find another job in industry.At that point I talked at 51 with my graduate adviser and several friends who worked in academe. They 52 me that I could make enough money by moving somewhere with a lower cost of living, working in the summers for 53 income, and consulting; and that while the odds that I would find a job at a research university were low, if I applied to undergraduate colleges, I had a(n) 54 chance of finding a position. The second point was fine with me, because I wanted to teach, and running a research program focused on teaching undergraduates how to do research sounded 55 .The first interview was with my university, and it was short, because I already had a good quality and preparation.A week later I traveled to the college for my second campus interview. I had dinner that night with several faculty members, followed by a full day of 56 . In the early afternoon, I taught anorganic-chemistry class, filling in for the usual professor, who watched along with other faculty members.Finally, in late March 2010, my university offered me a tenure-track (终身职位) job.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The prospects for women who are scientists and engineers at major research universities have improved, although women continue to face unfair treatment in salary and access to some other resources, a panel of the National Research Council concludes in a new report.In recent years “men and women faculty in science, engineering and mathematics have enjoyed comparable opportunities,” the panel said in its report, released on Tuesday. It found that women who applied for university jobs and, once they had them, for promotion and tenure (终身任职), were at least as likely to succeed as men.In another report this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at the University of Wisconsin reviewed a variety of studies and concluded that the achievement gap between boys and girls in mathematics performance had narrowed to the vanishing point.Although girls are still of a smaller number in the ranks of young math prodigies (神童), they said, that gap is narrowing, which undermines claims that a greater prevalence (流行) of profoundmathematical talent in males is biologically determined. The researchers said this and other phenomena “provide abundant evidence for the impact of sociocultural and other environmental factors on the development of mathematical skills and talent and the size, if any, of math gender gap.”The research council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, gathered its expert panel at the request of Congress. The panel surveyed six disciplines — biology, chemistry, mathematics, civil and electrical engineering, and physics — and based its analysis on interviews with faculty members at 89 institutions and data from federal agencies, professional societies and other sources. The panel was led by Claude Canizares, a physicist who is vice president for research at M.I.T, and Dr. Sally Shaywitz of Yale Medical School, an expert on learning.The Wisconsin researchers, Janet S. Hyde and Janet E. Mertz, studied data from 10 states collected in tests authorized by the No Child Left Behind Act as well as data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a federal testing program. Differences between girls‟ and boys‟ performance in the 10 states were “close to zero in all grades,” they said, even in high schools where gaps had existed earlier. In the nat ional assessment, they said, differences between girls‟ and boys‟ performance were “trivial”.57. We learn from the passage that female scientists and engineers in some universities ______.A) tend to compare themselves with menB) suffer from overwhelming unequal treatmentC) find it difficult to get ideal jobsD) have a future as bright as men58. According to the researchers at the University of Wisconsin, ______.A) girls usually think narrowly in math while boys don‟tB) girls can do almost as well as boys in mathematicsC) most girls perform better in mathematics than boysD) there are very few girls who are really talented in math59. What is the conclusion of the research council based on?A) The analysis made by 89 college teachers and data from different agencies.B) The survey of six subjects, interviews with teachers and data from different kinds of sources.C) The survey at the request of the Congress and talks with teachers from 89 institutions.D) The research made by the National Academy of Sciences and the survey within six fields.60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A) Neither gender nor age affects students‟ performance in mathematics.B) People expect to see gaps between girls‟ and boys‟ performance in high school.C) Diff erent tests show different results concerning students‟ performance.D) Data from 10 states are not as accurate as those from the national tests.61. The passage is mainly about _____.A) the unfair treatment towards female in universitiesB) women bridging gap in science opportunitiesC) the achievement of female scientists in universitiesD) a national study of teaching methods of mathematicsPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.It‟s time to stop complaining. The economy might be melting down like butter in a hot pot, but for some people — you, maybe? — this could be a very good thing.Here‟s why. At no other time in recent history has it been easier or cheaper to start a new kind of company. Possibly a very profitable co mpany. Let‟s call these start-ups LILOs, for “a little in, a lot out;” These are Web-based businesses that cost almost nothing to get off the ground yet can turn into great moneymakers.How do you get started? All that‟s required is a great idea for a prod uct that will fill a need in the 21st century. These days you‟d do best if your idea either makes people money or saves them money. And launching now will make your company stronger later —you‟ll learn to survive on fumes until the economy improves.That‟s what John Tayman is doing. He‟s an author who lives in San Francisco, where I met him; he wrote reviews for a business magazine I edited. Tayman knew little about technology and even less about business. And yet he dreamed of a website that would summarize car reviews from other sources and rank every model of new car. “It‟ll be like meets Kelley Blue Book,” he explained to me during lunch one day last June. Tayman said he intended to build the site on the side while continuing to write for a living. He‟d work on his new company only at night and on weekends. Oh, yes, and he had only about $10,000. “Good luck with that!” I thought. Ideas are much easier to produce than they are to execute.Tayman went to work with nothing more than his PowerBook laptop. A very well-organized fellow, he quickly discovered a bunch of free stuff online — instructional manuals and sites that walk you through the process from start to finish. Within months, Tayman had a virtual staff of 20 employees working for him in five different countries. went live in January. Tayman figures he has worked about 10 hours a week on it and hasn‟t spent a cent on marketing or advertising. Growth is modest but steady: nearly 10,000 people visit each week.62. What is an advantage of starting a business now?A) It will guarantee you a big success.B) It can never be more profitable.C) It costs you much less than ever before.D) It keeps you from useless complaining.63. What is essential to start your business according to the passage?A) Low-cost products used to be trade.B) A good idea helping people make or save money.C) Starting the business as early as possible.D) Practical products with good quality.64. What is said about Tayman in the passage?A) He chooses to run his business in his spare time.B) He has raised enough funds for his business.C) He is good at Internet technology and e-commerce.D) He came up the idea when talking with his friend.65. How did the author feel on hearing of Tayman‟s idea?A) He was sure that it would make profit.B) He thought Tayman was out of his mind.C) He is suspicious of his executive capability.D) He had no confidence in Tayman‟s success.66. How is Tayman‟s website going now?A) It starts to be used by more people now.B) It has made a huge profit since January.C) It still copies free stuff from the Internet.D) It has a capacity of 10,000 visits per week.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that。
四级模拟标准试题及答案
四级模拟标准试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 根据题目所给的选项，选择与所听材料相符的一项。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] C2. B) 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] A3. C) 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。
What is the main idea of the passage?A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] B二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据所给文章，选择最佳答案。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] A2. 阅读下文，回答以下问题。
What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] C3. 阅读文章，判断以下陈述是否正确。
A) 陈述AB) 陈述BC) 陈述CD) 陈述D[答案] A) 正确B) 错误C) 正确D) 错误三、完形填空（共20分）1. 根据上下文，选择最合适的选项填入空白处。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] B2. 根据文章内容，选择最合适的词组填入空白处。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] C3. 根据语境，选择最合适的短语填入空白处。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] A四、翻译（共10分）1. 将以下句子从中文翻译成英文。
中文句子：__________English translation: __________[答案] English translation: _________2. 将以下句子从英文翻译成中文。
English sentence: ____________中文翻译：__________[答案] 中文翻译：__________五、写作（共30分）1. 根据所给题目，写一篇不少于120词的短文。
大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题(2).doc
2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题（2）The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in__9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consistingANSWER:1. 选J)。
长喜英语4级考前冲刺试题二(附答案)
4 级考前冲刺试题二Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled E-learning following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1. 近年来网络学习越来越流行2. 产生这种现象的原因3. 分析其带来的好处E-learning________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.Generation joblessThe number of young people out of work globally is nearly as big as the population of the United States―Young people ought not to be idle. It is very bad for them,‖ said Margaret Thatcher in 1984. She was right: there are few worse things that society can do to its young than to leave them in limbo. Those who start their careers on the dole (失业救济金) are more likely to have lower wages and more spells of joblessness later in life, because they lose out on the chance to acquire skills and self-confidence in their formative years.Yet more young people are idle than ever. OECD figures suggest that 26m 15- to 24-year-olds in developed countries are not in employment, education or training; the number of young people without a job has risen by 30% since 2007. The International Labour Organisation reports that 75m young people globally are looking for a job. World Bank surveys suggest that 262m young people in emerging markets are economically inactive. Depending on how you measure them, the number of young people without a job is nearly as large as the population of America (311m).Two factors play a big part. First, the long slowdown in the West has reduced demand for labour, and it is easier to put off hiring young people than it is to fire older workers. Second, in emerging economies population growth is fastest in countries with dysfunctional (运转不良的) labour markets, such as India and Egypt.The result is an ―arc of unemployment‖, from southern Europe through north Africa and the Middle East to South Asia, where the rich world‘s recession meets the poor world‘s youthquake. The anger of the young jobless has already burst onto the streets in the Middle East. Violent crime, generally in decline in the rich world, is rising in Spain, Italy and Portugal—countries with startlingly high youth unemployment.Will growth give them a job?The most obvious way to tackle this problem is to reignite growth. That is easier said than done in a world plagued by debt, and is anyway only a partial answer. The countries where the problem is worst (such as Spain and Egypt) suffered from high youth unemployment even when their economies were growing. Throughout the recession companies have continued to complain that they cannot find young people with the right skills. This underlines the importance of two other solutions: reforming labour markets and improving education. These are familiar prescriptions, but ones that need to be delivered with both a new vigour and a new twist.Youth unemployment is often at its worst in countries with rigid labour markets. Cartelised industries, high taxes on hiring, strict rules about firing, high minimum wages: all these help condemn young people to the street corner. South Africa has some of the highest unemployment south of the Sahara, in part because it has powerful trade unions and rigid rules about hiring and firing. Many countries in the arc of youth unemployment have high minimum wages and heavy taxes on labour. India has around 200 laws on work and pay.Deregulating labour markets is thus central to tackling youth unemployment. But it will not be enough on its own. Britain has a flexible labour market and high youth unemployment. In countries with better records, governments tend to take a more active role in finding jobs for those who are struggling. Germany, which has the second-lowest level of youth unemployment in the rich world, pays a proportion of the wages of the long-term unemployed for the first two years. The Nordic countries provide young people with ―personalised plans‖ to getthem into employment or training. But these policies are too expensive to reproduce in southern Europe, with their millions of unemployed, let alone the emerging world. A cheaper approach is to reform labour-hungry bits of the economy—for example, by making it easier for small businesses to get licences, or construction companies to get approval for projects, or shops to stay open in the evening.The graduate glut (过剩)Across the OECD, people who left school at the earliest opportunity are twice as likely to be unemployed as university graduates. But it is unwise to conclude that governments should simply continue with the established policy of boosting the number of people who graduate from university. In both Britain and the United States many people with expensive liberal-arts degrees are finding it impossible to get decent jobs. In North Africa university graduates are twice as likely to be unemployed as non-graduates.What matters is not just number of years of education people get, but its content. This means expanding the study of science and technology and closing the gap between the world of education and the world of work—for example by upgrading vocational and technical education and by forging closer relations between companies and schools. Germany‘s long-established system of vocational schooling and apprenticeships does just that. Other countries are following suit: South Korea has introduced ―meister‖ schools, Singapore has boosted technical colleges, and Britain is expanding apprenticeships and trying to improve technical education.Closing the gap will also require a change of attitude from business. Some companies, ranging from IBM and Rolls-Royc e to McDonald‘s and Premier Inn, are improving their training programmes, but the fear that employees will be poached (挖走) discourages firms from investing in the young. There are ways of getting around the problem: groups of employers can co-operate with colleges to design training courses, for example. Technology is also reducing the cost of training: programmes designed around computer games can give youngsters some virtual experience, and online courses can help apprentices combine on-the-job training with academic instruction.The problem of youth unemployment has been getting worse for several years. But there are at last some reasons for hope. Governments are trying to address the mismatch between education and the labour market. Companies are beginning to take more responsibility for investing in the young. And technology is helping democratise education and training. The world has a real chance of introducing an education-and-training revolution worthy of the scale of the problem.1. What is said about young people who go on the dole?A) Their salaries tend to be lower later in life.B) They can get a job very soon if seeking one.C) They have more chances to receive training.D) They usually feel wounded in their self-respect.2. Globally, the number of young man without a job _______.A) has decreased thanks to the recovery of the economyB) has more to do with the population growth in the WestC) is much smaller than that of older worker who get firedD) is almost as big as the population of the United States3. In Spain, Italy and Portugal, high youth unemployment results in _______.A) family breakdownB) rising violent crimeC) economic collapseD) change of government4. According to the author, tackling youth unemployment through economic growth _______.A) is the only way for poor regionsB) is a good idea but difficult to doC) works better in wealthy countriesD) proves to be the least effective way5. Companies‘ complaint about the lack of young people with the right skills shows that _______.A) firms are demanding more of the youthB) it is useless to work with renewed vigourC) it is important to reform labour marketsD) young people should try to go to colleges6. What partly accounts for the high unemployment in South Africa?A) Low minimum wages.B) Light taxes on firing.C) Strict hiring and firing rules.D) Lack of powerful labor unions.7. According to the author, the Nordic countries‘ policies on youth unemployment _______.A) are cheap and should be adopted worldwideB) only solve short-term unemployment problemsC) fail to help reduce the unemployment ratesD) are not applicable for developing countries8. Many university graduates‘ being more likely to be jobless than no n-graduates shows that the _____________________ of education and its length are both important.9. To bridge the education-work gape, the author suggests _____________________ between companies and schools.10. For fear that employees will leave, many companies are reluctant to _____________________.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.11. A) He fell ill on the jet plane. C) He went to bed too late last night.B) He has been working too hard. D) He hasn‘t adapted to th e new time yet.12. A) The man doesn‘t have a strong enough will.B) The man loves horror films.C) The man will see the film anyway.D) The man studied for the whole night last night.13. A) Not to worry about the ticket. C) Book an air ticket in advance.B) Buy a ticket at a higher price. D) Wait for others to cancel their booking.14. A) The young man had some unusual problems.B) The problem is common for young people.C) It‘s not common for young men to leave home.D) It was a problem for John when he left home.15. A) The man will have no choices left.B) The man had better go there quickly.C) The man should go when he has spare time.D) The books are a bit scratched and are of poor quality.16. A) She can‘t afford the time for the trip. C) She has to change the time for the trip.B) She will manage to leave this month. D) She hasn‘t decided where to go next month.17. A) It is located near a large residential area.B) It is open around-the-clock on weekends.C) It is the same as other banks in any way.D) It provides convenience and quality service.18. A) He will go to see a doctor about his coughing.B) He has had a heart attack because of smoking.C) He is coughing because of too much smoking.D) He has a serious lung disease and heart attack already.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Go to summer school. C) Stay at home.B) Take a vacation. D) Earn some money.20. A) They hired someone to stay in their home.B) They left their pets with neighbors.C) They rented their house to a student.D) They asked their gardener to watch their home.21. A) Walking the dog. C) Watching the children.B) Cutting the grass. D) Feeding the fish.22. A) They attend a house-sit ter‘s party.C) They interview a house-sitter‘s friends.B) They check a house-sitter‘s references. D) They look at a house-sitter‘s transcripts.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Writing reports for them. C) Helping them deal with daily existence.B) Teaching them foreign languages. D) Introducing work for them.24. A) They don‘t have support networks.B) They cannot cope with the difficulties in their lives.C) The woman is famous for helping others.D) People from their nationality refuse to help them.25. A) They were surprised at the flavors.B) They could find food they know and love.C) There was at least one Chinese restaurant in every China town.D) Americans have different foods.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To do some research. C) To pay for his college education.B) To support his family. D) To help his partner expand business.27. A) It stood at an unfavorable place.B) It lowered the prices to promote sales.C) It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.D) It made no profits due to poor management.28. A) They had enough money to do it.B) They had succeeded in their business.C) They wanted to make others believe that they were successful.D) They wished to meet the increasing demand of customers.29. A) Learning by trial and error. C) Finding a good partner.B) Making friends with suppliers. D) Opening chain stores.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) To exchange ideas. C) To achieve success in life.B) To prove their value. D) To overcome their fear of silence.31. A) About whatever they have prepared. C) About learning something new.B) About whatever they want to do. D) About getting on well.32. A) To explain why people keep talking.B) To persuade people to stop making noises.C) To encourage people to join in conversations.D) To discuss why people like talking about weather.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Bettering his way of life.B) Improving his surroundings.C) Modifying the face of the planet.D) Altering the physical features of the earth.34. A) When the ecological balance of the river is lost.B) When people consume more fish than they used to.C) When large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed.D) When the production of marine petroleum is increased.35. A) Ecologists. C) Businessmen.B) Industrialists. D) Environmentalists.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill inthe missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.Today we are going to practice evaluating the main tool used when addressing groups — the (36) _________. There are three main elements that combine to create either a positive or negative (37) _________ for listeners. They can (38) _________ in a voice that is pleasing to listen to and can be used effectively, or they can create a voice that doesn‘t hold the attention, or even worse causes an (39) _________ reaction. The three elements are volume, pitch and pace.When talking about volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the room and the audience. Of course, with an (40) _________ device like a microphone, the speaker can use a (41) _________ tone. But speakers should not be (42) _________ on it. A good speaker can speak loudly without shouting.The second element — pitch — is related to the highness and lowness of the sounds. High pitches are for most people more difficult to listen to, so in general, the speaker should use the lower (43) _________ of the voice. (44) ___________________________________________________________________.The third element, pace — this is how fast or slow words and sounds are articulated — should also be varied. (45) ___________________________________________________________________. Pauses ought to be used to signal transitions or create anticipation. It can be very effective when moving from one topic to another (46) ___________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.―Against boredom the gods themselves fight in vain.‖ The saying let us find 47 in these words as we struggle to keep ourselves entertained on the condition of boredom. An academic has set out toprove that boredom — far from being a bad thing — is a 48 occurring emotion that should not be suppressed. Dr Richard Ralley, a psychology 49 at Edge Hill College in Ormskirk, Lancashire, has begun a study of boredom. He said: ―Boredom can be a good thing. In p sychology we think of emotion as being 50 . Fear, anger and jealousy all serve a purpose but they‘re painted in a bad light even though they exist for a reason. It‘s the same with boredom, which also has a bad 51 .‖ We get 52 because we get sick when we have nothing to do and feel the need to be productive. We feel bad when we‘re not 53 and that‘s what boredom is 54 with.Boredom is something; it‘s not just 55 off. It can be useful. When there‘s nothing rewarding going on we conserve energy, so that when we want to 56 we can. There‘s a balance between doing something that‘s rewarding and doing something that‘s rewarding but not being happy about doing it.Boredom is natural. You needn‘t force yourself to avoid having it. You can control it in a way that can get yourself to do something challenging. It is natural, so let‘s deal with it.A) switching I) naturallyB) productive J) associatedC) name K) constructiveD) functional L) consciouslyE) lecturer M) anxiousF) comfort N) cooperatedG) re-engage O) re-employH) boredSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In an essay entitled ―Making It in America,‖ the a uthor Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only twoemployees today, ―a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man awa y from the machines.‖Davidson‘s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging (下降的) middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalisation and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labour with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won‘t earn you what it used to. It can‘t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labour, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But there‘s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, ―In the 10 years ending in 2009, US) factories shed workers so fast that they eras ed almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total —disappeared.‖There will always be change — new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalisation and the IT revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress (支持) employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of GI Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.57. The joke in the first paragraph is used to illustrate _______.A) the impact of technological advancesB) the alleviation of job pressureC) the shrinkage of textile millsD) the decline of middle-class incomes58. According to the passage, to be a successful employee, one needs to______.A) work on cheap softwareB) ask for a moderate salaryC) adopt an average lifestyleD) contribute something unique59. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______.A) gains of technology have been erasedB) job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC) factories are making much less money than beforeD) new jobs and services have been offered60. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is to ______.A) accelerate the IT revolutionB) ensure more education for peopleC) advance economic globalisationD) pass more bills in the 21st century61. What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?A) New law takes effect.B) Technology goes cheap.C) Average is over.D) Recession is bad.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Europe is not a gender-equality Navina (极乐世界). In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe‘s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14% of positions on European corporate boards.The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women – up to 60%. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40% female board membership. But Reding‘s appeal in Europe was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?―Personally, I don‘t like quotas,‖ Reding said recently. ―But I like what the quotas do.‖ Quotas get action: the y ―open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,‖ according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‘s reluctance – and her f rustration. I don‘t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy(英才管理制). But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions – no matter how much ―soft pressure‖ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporat e power –as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook –they garner(获得) massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women – whether CEOs or their childre n‘s caregivers – and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.62. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.A) women take the leadB) men have the final sayC) corporate governance is overwhelmedD) senior management is family-friendly63. What is said about t he European Union‘s intended legislation?A) It is a reflection of gender balance.B) It is a reluctant choice.C) It is a response to Reding‘s call.D) It is only a voluntary action.64. According to Viviane Reding, quotas may help women ______.A) get top business positionsB) see through the glass ceilingC) balance work and familyD) anticipate legal results65. The author‘s attitude toward Reding‘s appeal is one of _________.A) skepticismB) objectivenessC) indifferenceD) approval66. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.A) more social justiceB) massive media attentionC) suitable public policiesD) greater ―soft pressure‖Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE thatbest fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.The stress of returning to work on a Monday morning can 67 a dangerous increase in blood pressure, according to a study. The Tokyo Wome n‘s Medical University study shows blood pressure 68 are higher than at any other time of the week.It may explain 69 deaths from heart attacks and strokes tend to 70 on a Monday morning. There are 20% more heart attacks on Mondays than on any other day. Heart disease is Britain‘s biggest 71 . Around 270,000 people 72 a heart attack every year and nearly one in three die before they even reach 67. A) initiate C) attributeB) result D) trigger68. A) writings C) readingsB) listening D) hearings69. A) how C) whenB) why D) that70. A) hit C) rushB) peak D) lift71. A) ally C) neighborB) word D) killer72. A) receive C) sufferB) suffice D) strain73. A) home C) hotelB) airport D) hospital74. A) influences C) affects。
英语四级模拟第2套试卷详解
大学英语四级考试优化训练试卷（第二套）I. Key答案Part One: Listening Comprehension1 -10 BCDBA CCBBA11-20 DACCA ACBDAPart Two: V ocabulary and Structure21-30 CCDBA DDBAB31-40 ACBCA BCBDA41-50 ABBDA BDDACPart Three: Reading Comprehension51-60 CDADA CABDC61-70 BCABD CBABBPart Four: Translation1. 许多商界女性对他们究竟应该传什么样的衣服以恰当的表现他们的精干和女性的阴柔之美觉得难以把握。
2.例如交通事故通常发生在家庭口角之后，我们都知道容易出事故的人和自己或周围的人过不去，以至他们看上去好像总在给自己和她人惹事。
3.你们在会谈过程中，如果有好几次被人打断，而这些人事先都不通知进屋后就和你正在交谈的对象或是耳语或是轻声说话，然后离开，遇到这样的情况时不要感到惊讶。
4.人们利用照片和测定方法来确定该动物在搏斗歇息或吃食时的自然姿势的结构Tapescript听力理解文字材料Section A1.W: Jack, you look so tired. You have traveled a lot in the vacation,haven’t you? M: No, I worked in a company because I wanted some money for paying my tuition. Q: Why did the man work in the vacation?2.W: I don’t t know what to wear today. Is it going to be cold or warm?M: It looks like it is going to rain today.You’d better take your rain coat. Q: What did the man advise the woman to do?3.W: Mary, do you want to go boating with us today? W: Sure , but Icannot leave now. I have to wait for my mother to come home. She doesn’t have the key to the house with her today. Q: What does mary mean?4.M: Operator, I want to make a long distance call to Mrs. Marilyn inWashington D.C. How much is it? W: That will be tow dollars for thefirst three minutes. Q: What does the man want to do?5.W: What did you think of the president’s speech? M: Unfortunately, Igot too late to watch it. Q: What are the two speakers talking about? 6.W: Harry, what’s the matter? You look pale. Did you have an accident?M: Not quite, but almost. I was crossing the street just now and was almost hit by a car. Fortunately, I jumped back in time. Q: What happened to Harry?7.M: What do you know about hamburgers? W: Well, I heard theAmericans learned to make hamburgers from Germans and Germans from Russians. Q: Which people first make hamburger?8.W: Tom, why is there such a long waiting line? I’m glad you make ourreservation two days ago. M: There are always many people waiting, the food provided is good and service is excellent. Q: Where might be the speaker?9.W: I don’t want t o go in the morning unless the weather changes. M: Iagree. I think there will be no fun at all as the ground is damp. Q: What is weather like?10.W: Rod? It’s me, Barbara. Am I ringing at a bad time? M: No,no.That’s all right. Is it something important? Q: What conclusion can we draw from the conversation?Section BPassage OneThe other day I was at the railway station waiting for my sister’s train t o come in. I was very early and had nothing to do. I watched the other people on the platform.Near me three men who looked like college professors stood discussing something in a very lively manner. They were quite excited, for they waved their arms and stamped their feet as they talked.Before long a train came in, but the men paid no attention and kept on talking. Just as the train started, they looked up, then snatched up their baggage and ran for the train. Two of the men got on, but the other one was left behind. He looked very unhappy as he watch the train growing smaller and smaller in the distance.Seeing him looking so worried, a train official came up and spoke to him. “It’s all right,” the official said, “ there will be another train this evening. You will soon be able to join your friends.”“But they came to see me off!” replied the man.Question 11 to 1311.W hy did the speaker come to the station?12.W hat were the three men doing at the platform?13.W hich of the following statement is true?Passage TwoWelcome to Yellowstone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I’d like to give you a short history of our national park service. The national park service began in the late of 1800s. A small group of explorers had just completed a month long exploration of the region that is now Yellowstone. They gathered around the campfire and after hours discussion, they decided that they would not claim this land to themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone so they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone’s enjoyment. Two years later, in the late 19th century, an act of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant, proclaimed that the Yellow Stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. And in 1916 the nation park service was established to manage these parks. As a park ranger, I am an employee of the national park service. It’s my duty to answer question and help visitors in any difficulty.Question 14 to 1614.W ho is the speaker?15.A ccording to the speaker, who originated the idea of the public park?16.W hat does the speaker say about the Yellowstone National Park?Passage Three“All work and not play makes Jack a dull boy” is a popular saying in the United State. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life.Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, skiing, mountain climbing habve a great attraction for people who like to be ourdoors.Not everyone who enjoy sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people prefer be spectators, either by attending the game in person, watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match it is almost impossible to get tickets; everybody wants to attend.Chess, card-playing and dancing are forms of indoors recreation enjoyed by many people.It doesn’t mater whether we play a fast game of pingpong, concentrate over bridge table, or go walking through the woods on a brisk autumn day. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation.Question 17 to 2017.W hat does it mean that “All work and no play makes Jack a dullboy”?18.W hy is recreation important?19.W hich of the following is included in forms of indoor recreation?20.W hat might a person like to do if he enjoys being outdoors?21.译文：在冰川时期，暴露于当时叫寒冷的气温之下的人类常常要在山洞里居住。
大学英语四级模拟试卷二及参考答案
大学英语四级模拟试卷及参考答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有人赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……2. 有人不赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……3. 我的看法。
Should Smoking Be Completely BannedPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.Space Our Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day,we may leave our “mother ship”Earth to make our home among the stars.A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speedingthrough the solar system right now. It is cruising at an incredible 66,600 milesper hour.It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth, the home ofover four billion people. This water coated spaceship has been traveling throughthe universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however,have some of its pa ssengers broken free of Earth’s gravityBut 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an orbitingspace station 200 miles above the Earth.Space CitiesScientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools,and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work,play—even go toschool, far above the Earth.Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn.Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. Andastronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived in spacestations.The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a great adventure. Some scientiststhink the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of the human species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry.And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and fromelectricity to pesticides, uses u p or alters a piece of our planet’s natural environment.Why Go into Space?Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and space stations.Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity for manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses manykinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that are better for certain purposes thanpure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well onEarth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on top.From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to distant planets.But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles from outer space. Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.At Home in Space?But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, y ou might not feelas well as you’d like to. Space travel could make you seasick!Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave Earth—perhaps forever.Aging in SpaceSuppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second.For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for 30 years.Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay at home twinbrother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”, is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t quite as clear cut as just described.1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.［A］the outer space［B］a man made spaceship［C］the planet Earth［D］the Star Wars mothe ship2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conquering within the past 25years.［A］the universe［B］Earth’s gravity［C］the earth［D］outer space3.We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following space except.［A］the moon［B］Venus［C］Jupiter［D］Mars4.Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?［A］Because it is full of challenges for human beings.［B］Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive.［C］Because it is the greatest adventure in human history.［D］Because it is more exciting than any other adventures.5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .［A］size and moving ways［B］comfortable living conditions［C］rich and valuable metals［D］solar energy6.Why can’t ultraviolet light scorch ou r skin on Earth as seriously as it does in space places?［A］Because the Earth’s atmosphere can make ultraviolet light less harmful.［B］Because ultraviolet can’t reach the Earth at all.［C］Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiating ultraviolet light.［D］Because other space places is near from those planets radiating ultravioletlight.7.In spite of many risks, scientists will finally build in space suitable for humans to live.［A］an environment without ultraviolet light［B］a lot of homes［C］an Earth like environment［D］an environment with atmosphere8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metals together with the lighter ones.9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There i s plenty of solar energy to be turned into, for creating comfortable living conditions.10.According to the author, will be caused to a man in gravity free space.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be askedabout what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the bestanswer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Tennis equipment.［B］Volleyball equipment.［C］Football equipment.［D］Basketball equipment.12.［A］He must meet his teacher.［B］He must attend a class.［C］He must go out with his girlfriend.［D］He must stay at school to finish his homework.13.［A］It’s not as good as it was.［B］It’s better than it used to be. ［C］It’s better than people say.［D］It’s even worse than people say.14.［A］Because he doesn’t like football.［B］Because Maria fell ill.［C］Because he didn’t have the time.［D］Because Maria can’t stand football.15.［A］A temporary job.［B］A permanent job.［C］Some money for the vacation.［D］Some money for the university fees.16.［A］The woman did most of the talking.［B］The man did most of the talking.［C］The woman was wearing a black sweater.［D］The man and the woman had dark hair.17.［A］A sunny day. ［B］A raincoat.［C］An attractive hut. ［D］A lovely hat.18.［A］Librarian and student. ［B］Operator and caller.［C］Boss and secretary.［D］Customer and repairman.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］The benefits of strong business competition.［B］A proposal to lower the cost of production.［C］Complaints about the expense of modernization.［D］Suggestions concerning new business strategies.20.［A］It costs much more than its worth.［B］It should be brought up to date.［C］It calls for immediate repairs.［D］It can still be used for a long time.21.［A］The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.［B］A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory. ［C］The entire staff should be retrained.［D］Better educated employees should be promoted.22.［A］Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.［B］TV commercials are less expensive.［C］Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.［D］TV commercials attract more investments.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］Searching for reference material.［B］Watching a film of the 1930s’.［C］Writing a course book.［D］Looking for a job in a movie studio.24.［A］It’s too broad to cope with. ［B］It’s a bit outdated.［C］It’s controversial.［D］It’s of little practical value.25.［A］At the end of the online catalogue.［B］At the Reference Desk.［C］In the New York Times.［D］In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］The liberation movement of British women.［B］Rapid economic development in Britain.［C］Changing attitudes to family life.［D］Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.27.［A］Because millions of men died in the war.［B］Because women had proved their worth.［C］Because women were more skillful than men.［D］Because factories preferred to employ women.28.［A］The concept of “the family”as a social unit.［B］The attitudes to birth control.［C］The attitudes to religion.［D］The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Synthetic fuel. ［B］Solar energy.［C］Alcohol.［D］Electricity.30.［A］Air traffic conditions. ［B］Traffic jams on highways.［C］Road conditions.［D］New traffic rules.31.［A］Go through a health check. ［B］Take little luggage with them. ［C］Arrive early for boarding. ［D］Undergo security checks.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］Washing plates. ［B］Clearing tables.［C］Shining shoes. ［D］Sweeping the floor.33.［A］He must work six days a week.［B］He should never be late for work.［C］He must study hard in his spare time.［D］He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.34.［A］To pay him for his work.［B］To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.［C］To give his friends free drinks.［D］To allow him to have more free time.35.［A］Because the boy was not a full time worker.［B］Because the boy had made some mistakes.［C］Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.［D］Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you shouldcheck what you have written. Americans are proud of the (36) achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and (37) for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis.They have learned a great deal about (38) and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39) medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a (40) health plan forAmericans. But there are many programs (41) for this purpose. Many people havehealth plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company paysa fixed (42) of money regularly into a fund. Then when the (43) needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it.Other people have health insurance. (44) .In some medical plans, the insurancecompany is also the medical institution. (45) .Then when they need medical treatment,they go to the hospital without paying more money.(46) . These programs make medical care available to those without their own healthinsurance.Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain something projectedby the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heatingup right now, and fast. Globally, the 52is up 1°F over the past century, but someof the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty.Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54, threatening communities.The 55are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, becausethey are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.［A］remote［B］techniques［C］consisting［D］rest［E］willing［F］climate［G］skill［H］appetite［I］melting［J］vanishing［K］eroding［L］temperature［M］curiosity［N］changes［O］skillfulSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature,and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals osuccess. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self confidence it would be unfortunateto set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counseloronce said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon inorder to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added,“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given yourbest effort.”57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that are essential in achievingsuccess.［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means.［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful［C］thrifty ［D］miserable59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because.［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards60.The last paragraph implies that.［A］we should have high goals［B］success means achieving great goals［C］success means taking a walk in the park［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes61.This passage mainly talks about.［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goalsPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a greatmistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look say”or “whole word”method ofteaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaningof letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar wordsover developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run Spot Run”readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate”in beginning reading. In his best seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed —that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学),is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simplyrecognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is . ［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction63.The author indicts the look say reading approach because .［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method64.One major difference between the look say method of learning reading and the phonics method is .［A］look say is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn［C］look say is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more words65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means .［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause［C］compare with ［D］oppose66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?［A］Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.［B］The whole word approach emphasizes decoding.［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vastmajority of most common words can be learned.Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70for everybody. T he hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77, the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79. Getting behindin one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemist ry won’t 81one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should83all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85, begin with the shortest and easiest 86. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.67.［A］good［B］easily［C］sufficiently［D］well68.［A］until［B］after［C］while［D］so69.［A］somebody［B］nobody［C］everybody［D］anybody70.［A］follow［B］go［C］operate［D］work71.［A］behind［B］after［C］slow［D］later72.［A］hardly［B］unpleasant［C］hard［D］heavy73.［A］improbable［B］necessary［C］impossible［D］inevitable74.［A］week’s work［B］weeks’works ［C］weeks’work［D］week’s works 75.［A］Even［B］Almost［C］If［D］With76.［A］to do［B］doing［C］at doing［D］with doing77.［A］turned in［B］tuned up［C］turned out［D］given in78.［A］very［B］quite［C］such［D］too79.［A］anyway［B］either［C］at all［D］that80.［A］solution［B］method［C］answer［D］excuse81.［A］help［B］encourage［C］assist［D］improve82.［A］expense［B］pay［C］debt［D］charge83.［A］devote［B］put［C］spend［D］take84.［A］Whichever［B］Whatever［C］However［D］Wherever85.［A］attraction［B］decision［C］temptation［D］dilemma86.［A］arrangements［B］way［C］assignments［D］classPart ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.Not only (他向我收费太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.88.The murderer (混在人群当中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Ministerwhenever he seized a chance.89.The emergence of e commerce and the fast growing Internet economy are (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).90.That Canadian speaks Chinese (和他说英语一样流利).91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was (忙着准备) herexamination.Key to Model Test TwoPart I Writing【写作思路】本文要求写一篇针对吸烟问题的议论文。
大学英语四级模拟测试（二）（附答案）
大学英语四级模拟测试（二）（附答案）听力（略）Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (40 points)Passage 1Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:An unusual cooperation between the local university and other education providers in East Anglia has seen the establishment of Norwich's new Learning Shop. At the city center shop, local people can look through booklets and leaflets to find out about learning opportunities ranging from evening classes to postgraduates（研究生）degrees. Skilled staff are on hand to give accurate information about courses and training in the region.More than 11,000 people have visited the shop since it opened in 1997. The majority of inquiries have been about courses in further education, but 17 percent have related to higher education in general.Customer feedback（反馈）confirms how valuable the resource is. A woman's comment is typical: "It's a brilliant idea ―less daunting than going to the different institutions." A seller told us: "This really gives you hope you can get back into something."Fellow institutions are welcome to set up exhibitions and events at the shop: to date, these have included poetry readings, a recorder concert and numerous exhibitions and displays. Theshop is staffed by two advisers and other colleagues from the fellow institutions in the region.Speaking at the "Norwich as a Learning City" conference, Prof. Mike Campell at the local university, said the first barrier（障碍）to learning was lack of information. The Learning Shop aims to break down that barrier.26. For what purpose is the Learning Shop set up?A) To help people know more about higher education.B) To sell booklets and leaflets of the institutions.C) To provide educational opportunities to old people.D) To promote courses and training in the region.27. The word "daunting" (Line 2, Para. 3) is close to________ in meaning.A) disappointingB) boringC) worryingD) discouraging28. What are the visitors to the Learning Shop mainly interested in?A) Further education courses.B) University degree courses.C) Evening classes.D) Part-time courses.29. The events we can find in the Learning Shop include the following EXCEPT ________.A) recorder concertsB) local conferencesC) poetry readingsD) displays and exhibitions30. Which of the following is TRUE according to Prof. MikeCampell?A) The city authorities should run more learning shops.B) People have difficulties in finding out about learning opportunities.C) The staff should provide customers with accurate information.D) Most people want to go back to college.Passage 2Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Not all language is verbal. Some of our communication occurs without words. We often use our entire bodies for communication. We may raise our eyebrows（眉毛）to indicate surprise. Perhaps we nod our heads to show that we agree with something. There are hundreds of nonverbal signals that can be used to communicate. These signals are part of language, and they are governed by rules in the same way that our spoken language is. For this reason, people who speak different languages often use different nonverbal signals as well.In addition to verbal communication and the type of nonverbal communication discussed above, there are other message systems that we use to communicate. When we speak to some people, we may stand very close to them, while we may stand far away from other people. Use of space, then, is a way we can communicate the relationship we feel with another person. The way we dress can also communicate for us. The person who wears dirty jeans and a T-shirt communicates a different attitude from a person who wears neat trousers and an attractive shirt. We can even use time to communicate. The person who is on time for an appointment shows a different attitude from the person who is an hour late does. Can you think of other messagesystems we use in communication?31. Language, according to the passage, is actually ________.A) verbal onlyB) verbal and nonverbal as wellC) the use of our bodiesD) nonverbal signals32. Nonverbal signals ________.A) have few rulesB) are more useful than speechC) are often used in communicationD) are entirely separate from language33. If a person wears a suit and a tie, it is a matter of ________.A) attitudeB) relationshipC) formalityD) habit34. People who do not speak the same language ________.A) have no nonverbal signals in commonB) cannot communicate with nonverbal signalsC) often have different nonverbal signalsD) use the same nonverbal signals35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of nonverbal communication?A) Pace.B) Time.C) Dressing.D) Space.Passage 3Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in yourbackyard for sale, you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbors and some to the manager of a local store. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you may stop producing.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing service for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or services for the market.When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. If you spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants, you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck（送货车）, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The market is everywhere, and it's very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It's telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you to do.36. When we are producing for the market, ______.A) our life will become much easierB) we can help others in a better wayC) our efforts are directed by the marketD) we can avoid much waste of money37. You are buying from the market when you ______.A) fix your bike by yourselfB) look after your childrenC) take care of a sick personD) eat out in a restaurant38. The word "real" (line 1, Para. 4) probably means ______.A) urgentB) importantC) seriousD) concrete39. According to the passage the market can tell people ______.A) how to drive a bargainB) what should be producedC) when to stop sellingD) how to increase profits40. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To show what the market can do.B) To explain what the market consists of.C) To indicate how to succeed in the market.D) To argue for the necessity of the market.Passage 4Question 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:It is important to point out that the electronic universe is not without problems. Sometimes data bank producers do not make their products up-to-date as frequently as they should; other on-line systems seem to be forever responding to a single command. In addition, despite the simplicity of concept, no one would argue that the search for information is easy. It can be difficult, for example, to locate the data bank that most likely contains the information you seek.On the other hand, the electronic universe is still young. For all its practical purpose, it is only a decade old, and like our own physical universe, it is constantly expanding. According to Cuadra Associates, publisher of an authoritative directory（指南）of data banks, many new data banks become available on-line eachbusiness day.There is every reason to believe that this trend will continue. Indeed, I have long been convinced that in the future, communications and on-line information retrieval（检索）may well be seen as the single most important result of the revolution in personal computers. Indeed, the electronic universe holds as yet unimagined possibilities.41. Which of the following is mentioned as a problem concerning the electronic universe?A) There is no authoritative directory for the use of data banks.B) Data bank producers do not modernize their products as needed.C) The electronic universe is expanding too fast.D) On-line data banks can not meet the needs of a single command.42. What do we know about the development of the electronic universe?A) It is popular everywhere now.B) It is constantly expanding.C) It appeared long time ago.D) It has caused a lot of problems.43. Cuadra Associates' directory can help people ________.A) to learn about the available online data banksB) to become an authoritative directorC) to build a successful data systemD) to update business data banks online44. What will be expected to be the most significant achievement in the revolution in personal computers?A) Locating the data bank containing your information.B) Up-to-date information and rapid communications.C) Communications and on-line information retrieval.D) Frequent responses to computers' command.45. The passage mainly discusses ________.A) the increase of on-line informationB) the improvement of personal computersC) the expansion of electronic universeD) the new ways of communicationsPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. (10 points)46. In fact, to make life _____ easier for themselves, some Americans prefer less demanding jobs, even with less pay.A) somewhat B) somehow C) sometime D) somewhere47. Human cloning has been the most controversial _____ in life sciences this year.A) question B) issue C) problem D) trouble48. We hope the measures to control water pollution, _____ taken by the government, will succeed.A) that B) because C) since D) as49. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite _____ to perform skillfully yourself.A) other thingB) anotherC) somethingD) the other50. The chemical works that has _____ the fertile fields faces billions of dollars in fines.A) injured B) rotted C) spoiled D) upset51. The first two items of this contract are especially _____ of notice.A) worth B) worthy C) worthwhile D) worthless52. What was intended as a peaceful demonstration rapidly _____ into violence.A) caused B) resorted C) generated D) degenerated53. "Do you want to see my ID card or student card?" "Oh, _____."A) either one does wellB) each one is goodC) either one will doD) each will be fine54. The number of people invited to the party _____ two hundred, but a number of them _____ absent for various reasons.A) were … wasB) was … wereC) was … wasD) were … were55. The two most common _____ in making a cake are flour and sugar.A) elements B) factors C) components D) ingredients56. We had to refuse the dinner invitation because of a _____ engagement.A) primary B) preceding C) prior D) prevalent57. On no _____ will you be allowed to drive after drinking alcohol.A) occasion B) circumstance C) situation D) condition58. The student was _____ his head and wondering how he could afford such an expensive computer.A) scratching B) scraping C) screening D) screeching59. The visitors were amazed to see so many _____ and precious treasures in the museum.A) strange B) infrequent C) rare D) odd60. In summer I like to go to the seaside. It _____ good to lie on the beach or swim in the cool sea.A) feels B) does C) gets D) makes61. The last ten years _____ tremendous changes in the city.A) searched B) investigated C) witnessed D) overlooked62. Mr. Jason is an _____ force ― he pushes his students to excel far beyond their own expectations.A) excessive B) agreeable C) aggressive D) inspirational63. Foreign tourists who have paid tax on things they have brought into the country can _____ it when they leave the country with them.A) claim B) acclaim C) exclaim D) reclaim64. _____ in thought, Mr. Smith almost ran into the car in front of him.A) Losing B) Lost C) Having lost D) T o lose65. For the health of babies, breastfeeding is far superior _____ bottle-feeding.A) to B) than C) beyond D) versusPart IV TranslationSection A:Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese.(5 points)(66) The basic belief behind adult education programs is thata country will be economically and politically stronger if its people are well educated. Germany worries about Germans who cannot read or write and cannot understand the news orparticipate in political life. These people will not be represented in the government. (67) In the United States, it was recently estimated that almost 20 percent of the adults have some difficulty reading and that the cost of this lack of education is as much as $225 billion. (68) Brazil（巴西）worries about farmers who do not know enough about modern farming techniques to use technology effectively. Without the help of these farmers, Brazil's agricultural income will be lower.Adult education faces many obstacles, however. Adults are not accustomed to returning to school and sitting for long hours listening to teachers and reading books. Also, many adults are ashamed or afraid to go back to school. (69) They often think that they will appear to be unintelligent or that they will fail. Adults often have little time for education. They have jobs and families and cannot take four or six or eight or more hours every day to go to school. (70) Because of these problems, adults often cannot go to school, so school must go to the adults.66.____________________________________________________________________ ______67.____________________________________________________________________ ______68.____________________________________________________________________ ______69.____________________________________________________________________ ______70.____________________________________________________________________ ______Section BDirections: In this section, you will translate 5 sentences below into English. (10 points)71. 世界上最大的工业--旅游业--每年的产值为4万4千亿美元，并在全世界提供约2亿3千万个工作。
四级模拟试卷二及详解答案
四级考前最新命制试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Dishonesty of College Students following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.1.大学生诚信缺失事件不断发生2. 大学生诚信缺失的原因3. 对大学生诚信缺失的对策On Dishonesty of College Students________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Foster Children & EducationHow you can create a positive educational experience for foster childrenMeet the challengesIt’s hard to overestimate the importance of education in the life of a foster child. The school experience can greatly affect the quality of a child’s day-to-day life – and the quality of her future when she leaves care. While in care, foster children need school as a point of stability in lives that can be battered by change. As adults, with less of a safety net than children from intact families, they need a strong educational foundation in order to support themselves. But when it comes to succeeding in school, foster children face unique challenges and obstacles beyond those faced by even their most economically disadvantaged non-foster peers. And busy child welfare professionals, foster parents, and birth parents may be distracted or overwhelmed, leaving no adult paying attention to a foster child’s educational needs.Increasingly, researchers have documented these issues, and child welfare professionals have become aware of the need to pay closer attention to the education of children in the child welfare system. But the challenges can seem insurmountable(不可逾越的), requiring solutions so difficult and expensive that nothing can be done. Between 1999 and 2002, the V era Institute of Justice and the New Y ork City Administration for Children's Services ran a pilot project, in partnership with the New Y ork City Board of Education, to tackle those challenges. The project, Safe and Smart, provides lessons about the special issues foster children face in trying to get an education and suggests which responses designed to improve their outcomes can work – and which might not. We are not suggesting replicating Safe and Smart but rather learning from its experience. Our key finding is that simple and inexpensive supports and tools can go a long way towards helping adults improve the school experience for youth in foster care. Recognizing the Challenge: How Are Foster Children Doing in School?Foster children lag behind their non-foster peers in school. Research over the past three decades has shown that, compared to the general school population, the half million foster children in the United States: ■ have poorer attendance rates,■ are less likely to perform at grade level,■ are more likely to have behavior and discipline problems,■ are more likely to be ass igned to special education classes, and■ are less likely to attend college.A2001 study in the American School Board Journal found that foster children often repeat a grade and are twice as likely as the rest of the school population to drop out before graduation. And among all students who drop out of school, fewer foster children eventually earn their GED than non-foster dropouts. Staff at the V era Institute of Justice found that foster children in New Y ork City not only performed poorly compared to children citywide but also compared to children in their own economically distressed communities.The old assumption that foster children suffered from the same barriers as other economically disadvantaged children suggested that the only solution was to improve the school experience for all poor children and that there was nothing the child welfare system could do. But this recent research and our own experience in developing Safeand Smart suggest that child welfare professionals can address many of the spec ial challenges that foster children face.Obstacles to Educational SuccessNo adult in the foster care system wants children to do poorly in school; they often just don’t think about school very much. When we talked with foster children, many told us that the only time their foster parents, caseworkers, judges, or lawyers paid attention to how they were doing in school was when they were misbehaving or failing to attend. And sometimes they did not get noticed by the adults around them even then. School is forgotten or treated as a side issue as the adults worry about protecting children from neglect or abuse, finding them new homes, or transferring them if a placement does not work out. So the first challenge is to pay attention and to look at the special obstacles foster children face in trying to get an education, many of them inadvertently (不经意间) created by the adults.Lack of Continuity in EducationFor children in care, placement – and subsequent changes in their foster care residence – often means a change of school as well. Most research shows that transfers have a harmful effect on educational outcomes. The absence of required school records or other documents can lead to a delay in registering at the new school and a gap of days or weeks in learning. But less recognized is the effect of placement transfers on the child. Each transfer requires the child to adjust to new teachers and peers and to a curriculum that may differ considerably from her previous school. Too many transfers can cause a child to disengage and give up on school. Transfers also play havoc with (破坏) continuity of special services. Many jurisdictions are now making it a priority to keep children in their present school both when they enter care and if they experience multiple placements. Keeping school as a point of stability can help foster children succeed educationally and give them peers and caring adults to help them weather the changes at home.Requirements of the Child Welfare SystemThe foster care system makes many demands on those who are part of it, including the children. There are court appearances, sessions with counselors and therapists, and medical appointments that frequently conflict with school. Children in care told researchers at V era that they missed tests and homew ork assignments because of scheduling conflicts and, therefore, fell behind in their school work.Judges and caseworkers should make it a priority to schedule appointments after school hours.Lack of Emphasis on EducationIf the systems responsible for the well-being of foster children– child welfare, education, and the courts – do not place a strong emphasis on the education of foster children and work together to promote success in school, education will fall through the cracks. Education planning should be a part of the initial discussions about placement when a child enters care and whenever that placement changes. In New York City, education plans are discussed at the conferences held within 72 hours of placement and again after 30 days. Education then becomes part of the plan. Low ExpectationsAll children respond to expectations, and when the adults in their lives expect them to do poorly, they often fulfill those expectations. Too often teachers, guidance counselors, and other school staff do not expect foster children to excel in school. Even foster parents, some of whom may have little formal education themselves, and caseworkers may expect nothing more than passing grades. Few foster children are encouraged to think about college; they are much more likely to be directed to vocational education programs. And few are encouraged toparticipate in the extra-curricular activities that are associated with higher academic achievement. Y et recent studies of older youth in foster care show that they often have high educational aspirations, resent the fact that more is not expected of them, and would benefit from adult encouragement.1. The school experience is especially important for a foster child because .A) it serves as the only way for the child to live a stable lifeB) it can greatly influence the quality of the child’s futureC) it brings the child into an imaginary and adventurous worldD) it can help the child overcome their unique obstacles2. What is said about the project Safe and Smart?A) Its experience has been replicated by many children care centers in the US.B) It is a special course that is only oriented towards the needs of foster parents.C) It is a pilot project tackling the challenges in the education of foster children.D) It has raised public awareness about the importance of education for children.3. Three decades’ research shows that 500 thousand foster children in the US .A) have higher chances to go to collegeB) perform poorly compared to non-fostersC) seem to have strong self-disciplineD) are unlikely to drop out before graduation4. According to the old assumption, foster children .A) come from economically disadvantaged familiesB) benefit a great deal from the child welfare systemC) often have behavior and discipline problemsD) face the same challenges as other poor children5. Many of the obstacles that foster children face in trying to get an education .A) are neglected by the busy caretakers C) are extremely difficult to overcomeB) are created accidentally by the adults D) are an inevitable part of the society6. Many people don’t recognize that placement transfers .A) can lead to a long gap of time in learningB) help children succeed academicallyC) make children more adaptable in lifeD) have a harmful effect on children in care7. What is attributed to their failure to finish homework assignments according to children in care?A) Scheduling conflicts. C) Constant changes in schools.B) Physical disabilities. D) Unstable family life.8. The author believes that the systems responsible for foster children should ___________________________ on the education of foster children.9. Usually foster parents and caseworkers only expect the foster child to ___________________________ in school.10. According to recent studies, ___________________________ do good to older foster children who have higheducational aspirations.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mustread the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Mike deserves to study in Germany.B) There is no need for Mike to study German.C) Mike should leave home and live independently.D) Mike should decide for himself whether to study German.12. A) He prefers to live in other big cities.B) He does not like London very much.C) He comes from a place much smaller than London.D) He believes it’s more comfortable to live in London.13. A) They have bought the brown carpet. C) They should paint their furniture brown.B) He doesn’t like the red carpet.D) The red carpet matches the brown furniture.14. A) It is too hard for her to be finished. C) It will be finished by Tuesday afternoon.B) She can’t have it done by this Friday night. D) She cannot finish it until later in the week.15. A) To post notices on bulletin boards. C) To shop at nearby supermarkets.B) To place advertisements in newspaper. D) To apply for a job in the newspaper.16. A) He has difficulty in choosing between two articles.B) He feels it’s hard to calm hims elf down.C) He thinks both articles are too difficult to read.D) The articles are much longer than he expected.17. A) It is excellent. C) It is much too long.B) It is a disappointment. D) It is too complicated.18. A) He is often asked to go and see movies. C) He went to see the movie last month.B) He will go and see the new movie later. D) He doesn’t want to see the movie.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) It is a waste of time and energy. C) Children may get bad impact from it.B) It damages children’s eye sight.D) Children may learn new things from it.20. A) He often goes there to practice his oral English.B) He feels shy every time he begins to chat.C) He has made a lot of friends there.D) He spends all his spare time chatting there.21. A) People should glue to computer as long as they can.B) People should go get refreshed after surfing the net.C) People should always socialize with people online.D) People should keep fit online.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) He has bought enough Christmas gifts.B) He has made the plans for Christmas celebrations.C) He has prepared some Christmas cards.D) He has done nothing for the Christmas.23. A) $250. B) $550. C) $750. D) $1,100.24. A) They don’t have to go to school.C) They don’t have to cook the big dinner.B) They don’t have to worry about the shopping.D) They do n’t have to do their homework.25. A) He will decorate a tree by himself. C) He will do without a tree for the Christmas.B) He will borrow a tree from his neighbors. D) He will buy a decorated tree.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spok en only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They are patient and finish what they start.B) They are moody and become annoyed easily.C) They are stubborn and impulsive.D) They are conservative and stick to convention.27. A) People of blood type A. C) People of blood type O.B) People of blood type B. D) People of blood type AB.28. A) In 1911. B) In 1913. C) In 1930. D) In 1931Passage T woQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) The color represents truth, peace and humanitarian.B) The color represents truth, love and coordination.C) The color represents peace, truth and coordination.D) The color represents peace, cooperation and truth.30. A) It can reduce the risk of heart disease. C) It can make a room look larger.B) It can increase blood pressure. D) It can balance other sharp colors.31. A) Dull. B) Horrible. C) Tranquil. D) Cool.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Snap his finger and wave to the bar staff.B) Ring the bell hanging behind the counter.C) Show an expectant face with an empty glass.D) Hold a glass or some money and wave them around.33. A) It is very popular with British people.B) It takes a relatively long time before it is ready.C) V ery few people can get accustomed to its taste.D) Whoever orders it should stand at the end of the queue.34. A) To treat them a glass of drink. C) To offer them some cash.B) To order one more glass of beer. D) To help them promote their bar.35. A) Funny stories in a British pub. C) Considerations of running a pub in Britain.B) V arious etiquettes in British pubs. D) Ways of making friends in a pub.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development. An Am erican study shows how mothers can strongly (36) _______ social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They (37) _______ the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.The researchers attempted to (38) _______ the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their child’s (39) _______ and did not interfere (40) _______. They tested the children for (41) _______ and language development when they were three years old.The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not (42) _______ from depression. The children of depressed women did (43) _______ on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. Also, (44) _____________________________________________________________________________________________.Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. (45) _____________________________________________________________________________________________. Study organizers say this is probably because (46) _____________________________________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Researchers have identified 1.4 million animal species so far — and millions remain to be discovered, named, and scientifically described. So how much would it 47 cost to identify every animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian scientists has crunched (详细计算) the numbers and come up with a(n) 48 : $263 billion.That’s more than the $5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson 49 back in 2000 — and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even $263 billion would be a 50 price to pay to understand the creatures that enable such essentials as agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and energy 51 , says ornithologist (鸟类学家) Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. ―Literally, the world economy runs on biodiversity.‖ he says. ―People don’t understand really deeply how much we depend on biodiversity.‖Most biologists agree that with extinction rates soaring and climate change looming (即将来临), the 52 to document the planet’s biodiversity— or biota (生物区) — is urgent, 53 considering the essential role these life forms play in crop pollination (传授花粉), clean air, and other 54 of human well-being. ―We are losing species by extinction 55 than we are describing new species,‖ according to some estimates, says biologist Antonio Marques, who coauthored the new paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of St. Paulo in Brazil. ―We have to know the biota to preserve and conserve the biota.‖ he says.Besides the money, another huge 56 to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a global shortage of taxonomists (分类学家), experts say.A) obstacle I) smallB) faster J) exactC) especially K) sourcesD) effort L) evaluatedE) actually M) expenseF) aspects N) estimatedG) slower O) questionH) answerSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Drinking wastewater? The idea may sound distasteful, but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so — whether they know or not — and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U.S. population expands.Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink, according to a report released by the National Research Council. ―W e believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas,‖ says Jorg Drewes, an engineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. ―This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk,‖ he says, citin g technological advances. He says it’s a waste not to reuse the nation’s wastewater, because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff(径流) as well as used water from homes, businesses and factories.In many places, the report says, the public does not realize it’s drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example, wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston, the s ource for Houston’s drinking water.Despite the growing importance of this reuse, the report says there’s been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council’s report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase, especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potable (适于饮用的) uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated.―We have to do something to address water scarcity‖, says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. ―Less than 10 o f potable water is used for drinking, cooking, showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet, literally.‖ Technologies exist to safely treat the water, she says, although some are expensive.The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more, than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination (脱盐) and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.57. As can be learned from Paragraph 1, drinking wastewater ______.A) has become the dominant option C) has caused heated public debatesB) is to become a growing necessity D) is well received by the Americans58. Which of the following statements about water reuse would Jorg Drewes agree to?A) It is preferable to wasting water.B) It may eventually put the public at risk.C) It is far from a solution to water shortage.D) It is possible only after greater tech advances.59. Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public ______.A) accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmlyB) does not believe that wastewater is safe to drinkC) is not aware of the nature of their drinking waterD) is concerned about the safety of the drinking water60. According to Alan Roberson, ______.A) it is not safe to drink wastewaterB) the report has surprised the publicC) the report helps build up public confidenceD) the public has yet to accept drinking wastewater61. What does the report suggest to the EPA?A) Monitoring water supplies at a national level.B) Setting up national standards for water reuse.C) Weighing different water conservation options.D) Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors trave l the half mile to school via a ―walking school bus‖ — a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs — and finding new ways to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to。
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Part I Writing【范文】How to Relieve StressIn today‟s fast-paced world, stress is our constant companion. We may face stress from our jobs, families, peers, etc. Though stress adds flavor and challenge to life, too much stress can seriously affect people‟s physical and mental well-being, so it‟s neces sary to handle stress properly.When it comes to relieving stress, people vary in their ways. Some people talk with someone, perhaps a friend or a family member, about their anxieties and worries. Some allow themselves a mental “get-away”: a quiet country scene can divert them from the tension of a stressful situation to a more relaxing frame of mind. There are also people who seek a sense of peace by reading a good book.The effective way for me is different — I have several relaxation techniques. For example, when stress occurs, I would take a deep breath and exhale and if possible, I would take a warm bath. Exercise also works. They prove to be very helpful to calm my mind.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)materials，与原文中的When something can be disposed, let it go意思相符，故为正确答案。
2.【解析】选[D]。
将原文Provided that you can‟t locate a document or report easily because it‟s lost in a pile of mess,then you have a problematic situation和…k eep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies概括起来即可得出，Joel Rudy认为工作效率不高是因为材料堆放杂乱。
故正确答案为[D]。
3.【解析】选[C]。
第五段末句提到Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are moredoable，即每次只做一件事情，选项[C]与之意思相符，故为正确答案。
4.【解析】选[B]。
原文中Rudy提到If you find yourself getting tangled（纠缠的）in too many things和Your mind willwander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.由此得出，他认为如果同时做很多事情，那么一件也干不好，故正确答案为[B]。
5.【解析】选[B]。
原文she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limit for each task可知，她通过给每项任务设置最后完成时间来完成所有的工作，故正确答案为[B]。
6.【解析】选[B]。
本段前半部分说，员工应该主动找经理，文中Green says managers should be willing to help sort outpriorities指出经理应该帮助他们分类，找出最重要的工作，故正确答案为[B]。
7.【解析】选[A]。
第十二段指出Eileen Roth对待干扰因素的态度是learn how to deal with them accordingly。
第十三段指出Justin Gramm例证了Eileen Roth的观点，他认为E-mail…causing me to lose focus on the task at hand，由此可知，他们二人都认为工作中的干扰会使他们不能专心于手头的工作，故正确答案为选项[A]。
8.【解析】only twice a day。
由原文Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has becomemuch more efficient.可知，自从Gramm决定每天只查收两次邮件后，工作效率就提高了。
因此可知，此处所缺的内容为only twice a day。
题干中的decided to对应原文中的determined to。
9.【解析】the more that‟s expected of you。
本题易。
根据定位句可直接得出正确答案为the more that‟s expected ofyou。
10.【解析】books。
文章末段讲述，大多数专家们都会推荐一些书，来指导人们如何实现效率最大化。
故可知此处所缺词为books。
Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. M: You just have to catch that movie about Internet hackers the day after tomorrow. How about it?W: Oh, I‟m afraid I‟m not the one to as k. Maybe someone else.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【解析】选[B]。
由选项中的She，watched the movie等可推测，对话可能与女士看电影有关。
结合男士所说的You … catch that movie…How about it?及女士所说的I‟m not the one to ask. Maybe someone else可推断，女士不喜欢这部电影，故答案为[B]。
12. W: Eric said that Tokyo is a great place for holding academic conferences.M: He‟s certainly in a position to say that. After all, he‟s been there quite often.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】选[D]。
由选项中的Eric，rumor，opinion of Tokyo，said about Tokyo等可推测，对话可能与Eric对Tokyo 的看法有关。
结合女士所说的Eric said that Tokyo is a great place 及男士所说的He‟s certainly in a position to say that 可推断，男士认为Eric的确有权这么说，故答案为[D]。
13. W: So much pressure for me this week — a research report to finish, a six-page translation to hand in and twohouse guests arriving tomorrow.M: Come on. At least you don‟t have the naughty twins with you all day long.Q: What does the woman complain about?【解析】选[C]。
由选项中的A heavy load，job task，this week等可推测，对话可能与工作任务有关。
结合女士所说的So much pressure for me this week——a research report to finish，a six-page translation to hand in等可推断，女士抱怨的是她这周需要做的事情太多，故答案为[C]。
14. M: The photo definitely highlights Bob‟s hair color. How do you consider that?W: As a matter of fact, I think it makes his hair look messier than it really is. But, t hat‟s what I really think about the picture.Q: What does the woman think of the photo?【解析】选[A]。
由选项中的重复出现的Bob(‟s)，image，hair，signature，picture等可推测，对话可能与Bob 的照片有关。
由女士所说的it makes his hair look messier than it really is可推断，女士说照片上鲍勃的头发要比实际上看起来凌乱，故答案为[A]。
15. W: Sorry to bother you, but I‟m just a little lost here. You wouldn‟t happen to know where the lecture room is,would you?M: Maybe you can find the answer at the information center. I‟m in the same boat.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】选[B]。