[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷656.doc
大学英语四级考试模拟试题(附答案)
大学英语四级考试模拟试题（附答案）一、写作Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Learning a Second Language". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【答案】The Importance of Learning a Second LanguageSecondly, learning a second language improves cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit better problemsolving skills, greater creativity, and a more flexible mindset. Moreover, mastering a second language can open up numerous career opportunities. In an increasingly globalized job market, being proficient in multiple languages is a valuable asset.In conclusion, the benefits of learning a second language are multifaceted, ranging from personal growth to career advancement and cultural preservation. It is a lifelong investment that yields significant rewards.二、听力理解Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear eight short conversations and two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) The woman doesn't want to cook dinner.B) The man will cook dinner for the woman.C) They are going to eat out.D) They are discussing the menu for tomorrow.【答案】C)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage One2. A) It is a way to express individuality.B) It is a sign of social status.C) It reflects cultural background.D) It is a form of artistic expression.【答案】A)三、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage【答案】26. D) substantial27. A) outweigh28. C) enhance四、翻译Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on the Answer Sheet.中国传统文化中，龙是吉祥的象征，代表着权力、威严和好运。
四级模拟考试题库及答案
四级模拟考试题库及答案一、听力部分1. A) The man is going to the cinema.B) The woman is going to the cinema.C) Both are going to the cinema.D) Neither is going to the cinema.答案：C2. A) The woman is a teacher.B) The man is a teacher.C) The woman is a student.D) The man is a student.答案：A3. A) The woman is satisfied with the meal.B) The man is satisfied with the meal.C) Both are satisfied with the meal.D) Neither is satisfied with the meal.答案：D二、阅读部分1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The effects of sleep deprivation.C) The benefits of taking a nap.D) The relationship between sleep and health.答案：B2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a symptom of sleep deprivation?A) Difficulty in concentrating.B) Increased appetite.C) Irritability.D) Enhanced creativity.答案：D3. What does the author suggest to improve sleep quality?A) Exercising regularly.B) Drinking coffee before bedtime.C) Watching TV in bed.D) Taking a hot bath before sleep.答案：A三、写作部分1. Directions: Write an essay on the topic of "The Role of Technology in Education". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：略2. Directions: Write an essay on the topic of "The Impact of Social Media on Communication". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：略四、翻译部分1. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。
大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)
大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choiceof refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying ove rhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, te chnology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themsel ves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps chang e the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a res ponsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered fina ncial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags t o riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was a n unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success wi thout much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial suc cess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be e ven more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pa ttern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, co ntrol floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; andin consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 ther e were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought u nder cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some ar eas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farmin g methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industri al occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern metho ds. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the outpu t of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of cro ps are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dr y-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide el ectric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to s uit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the fo od of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatu res-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no t otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways th at produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning th e head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned respon se with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as you ng as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movem ent "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of lear ning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to wat ch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display c ame on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights wh ich pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are direc tly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in o rder to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something i s a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten ce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer S heet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to h is success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of thei r own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank th ere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that b est fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies __ _74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ o f them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There we re even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third gr oup ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his ti me ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they t rusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___ 90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundred s years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be electe dC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos ition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study the fo llowing table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套）21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。
四级模拟试题及答案
四级模拟试题及答案[正文]四级模拟试题及答案Part I: 听力Section AQuestions 1-31. C) Attend a lecture.2. A) The school cafeteria.3. B) In the library.Section BQuestions 4-64. C) It's next door to the bookstore.5. A) The woman's watch is more expensive.6. B) She needs the man's help for furniture assembly. Section CQuestions 7-107. C) A university course.8. B) In a hospital.9. C) He was improved by medication.10. A) Studying on the beach.Part II: 阅读理解Passage One11. B) The invention of the steam engine.12. C) Coal mining.13. A) Reducing road congestion.14. D) It is an ineffective means of transportation. Passage Two15. C) Use solar energy to charge electronic devices.16. B) The design of the cap on the water bottle.17. D) You can use the built-in filter for tap water.18. A) They reduce the use of plastic water bottles. Passage Three19. D) It has many Internet users.20. A) It aids the government in monitoring its citizens.21. B) Over-dependence on technology.22. C) Greed and corruption within the government. Part III: 英语知识运用23. C) suddenly24. B) challenging25. A) dishonorable26. D) interpretation27. C) creative28. B) abstractPart IV: 写作Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay on the topic "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning". You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Online Learning: Advantages and DisadvantagesOnline learning, also known as e-learning or distance education, has gained increasing popularity in recent years. It provides students with the flexibility to study at their own pace and convenience. However, it also brings some disadvantages.One of the advantages of online learning is the flexibility it offers. Students can access course materials and lectures anytime and anywhere as long as they have an internet connection. This is especially beneficial for working adults who may not have the time to attend traditional classes. Moreover, online learning allows students to review the materials repeatedly until they fully understand the concepts.Another advantage is the cost-saving aspect. Online courses are often more affordable than traditional classroom-based courses. Students can save money on commuting, housing, and textbooks. Additionally, online learning opens up opportunities for students who do not have access to certain courses or universities in their local area.Despite its advantages, online learning also has some disadvantages. The lack of face-to-face interaction with instructors and peers can be a drawback for some students. Students may feel isolated and miss out on social interactions that are often experienced in a traditional classroom setting. Moreover, self-discipline and time management skills are crucial for successful online learning, and not all students possess these qualities.In conclusion, online learning has both advantages and disadvantages. It provides flexibility and cost-saving benefits, but it may also result in a lack of social interaction and require strong self-discipline from students. As technology continues to advance, it is important to find a balance between online and traditional learning methods for optimal educational experiences.答案及解析听力：1-3 主旨题。
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(附答案)
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷Part ⅠWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of advice to your cousin about how to spend the first winter holiday in college. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1、现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Exchange Rates：A Brief History of Exchange RatesFor centuries，the currencies of the world were backed by gold．That is，a piece of paper currency issued by any world government represented a real amount of gold held in a vault by that government．In the 1930s，the U.S.set the value of the dollar at 8 single，unchanging level：l ounce of gold was worth $35．After World War II，other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollar．Since everyone knew how much gold a U.S.dollar was worth，then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in gold．A currency worth twice as much gold as a U.S.dollar was，therefore，also worth two U.S.dollars．Unfortunately，the real world of economics outpaced this system．The U.S.dollar suffered from inflation(its value relative to the goods it could purchase decreased)，while other currencies became more valuable and more stable．Finally，in 1971，the U.S.took away the gold standard altogether．This meant that the dollar no longer represented an actual amount of a precious substance-market forces alone determined its value．Today，the U.S.dollar still dominates many financial markets．In fact，exchange rates are often expressed in terms of U.S.dollars．Currently，the U.S.dollar and the euro account for approximately 50 percent of all currency exchange transactions in the world．Adding British pounds，Canadian dollars，Australian dollars，and Japanese yen to the list accounts for over 80 percent of currency exchanges altogether．Methods of Exchange：the Floating Exchange RateThere are two main systems used to determine a currency's exchange rate：floating currency and pegged currency．The market determines a floating exchange rate．In other words，a currency is worth whatever buyers are willing to pay for it．This is determined by supply and demand，which is in turn driven by foreign investment，import/export ratios，inflation，and a host of other economic factors．Generally，countries with mature，stable economic markets will use a floating system．Virtually every major nation uses this system，including the U.S.，Canada and Great Britain．Floating exchange rates are considered more efficient，because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces．The floating system isn't perfect，though．If a country's economy suffers from instability，a floating system will discourage investment．Investors could fall victim to wild swings in the exchange rates，as well as disastrous inflation．Methods of Exchange：the Pegged Exchange RateA pegged，or fixed system，is one in which the exchange rate is set and artificially maintained by the government．The rate will be pegged to some other country's dollar，usually the U.S.dollar．The rate will not fluctuate from day to day．A government has to work to keep their pegged rate stable．Their national bank must hold large reserves of foreign currency to mitigate changes in supply and demand．If a sudden demand for a currency was to drive up the exchange rate，the national bank would have to release enough of that currency into the market to meet the demand．They can also buy up currency if low demand is lowering exchange rates．Countries that have immature，potentially unstable economies usually use a pegged system．Developing nations can use this system to prevent out-of-control inflation．The system can backfire，however，if the real world market value of the currency is not reflected by the pegged rate．In that case，a black market may spring up，where the currency will be traded at its market value，disregarding the government's peg．When people realize that their currency isn’t worth as much as the pegged rate indicates，they may rush to exchange their money for other，more stable currencies．This can lead to economic disaster，since the sudden flood of currency in world markets drives the exchange rate very low．So if a country doesn't take good care of their pegged rate，they may find themselves with worthless currency．Methods of Exchange：HybridsIn reality，few exchange rate systems are 100 percent floating，or 100 percent pegged.Countries using a pegged rate can avoid market panics and inflationary disasters by using a floating peg．They peg their rate to the U.S.dollar，and that rate doesn't fluctuate from day to day．However，the government periodically reviews their peg，and makes minor adjustments to keep it in line with the true market value。
大学英语四级考试模拟试题
大学英语四级考试模拟试题根据大学英语四级考试的题型和难度，以下是一份模拟试题，供考生练习。
请认真审题，合理安排时间，尽力发挥自己的英语水平。
Part I: Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. (A) He found the book he was looking for.(B) He bought some other books instead.(C) He should have borrowed the book from the library.(D) He lost the book he needed for the report.2. (A) Her flight to London is delayed.(B) Her friend's flight is right on time.(C) Her friend still has time to catch the plane.(D) Her friend is going to miss the plane.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.3. (A) He didn't find the course very interesting.(B) The course was more difficult than he expected.(C) The course met his expectations.(D) He regretted taking the course.4. (A) Newspapers are no longer used.(B) The phone book is still useful.(C) The phone book was stolen.(D) Some newspapers should be thrown away.5. (A) He received a promotion.(B) He was laid off.(C) He was offered a different job.(D) He was demoted.Part II: Reading Comprehension (20 minutes)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Like Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuang, Nero, and Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill will always be remembered as a great historical figure known for his passion and vision, but also as a mass murderer. Considered a great statesman, Churchill is celebrated for his leadership during World War II. But he was also responsible for the strategic bombing campaign1 carried out by the Royal Air Force in Germany during the final stages of the war. The bombing campaign wa s seen as a war crime, and Churchill’s role remains a source of great controversy.6. Who will always be remembered as a great historical figure according to the passage?(A) Qin Shihuang.(B) Nero.(C) Winston Churchill.(D) Adolf Hitler.7. What was Winston Churchill celebrated for?(A) His passion and vision.(B) His role in the bombing campaign.(C) His leadership during World War II.(D) His strategic planning skills.8. What does the passage say about Churchill’s role in the bo mbing campaign?(A) It was widely praised.(B) It was considered a war crime.(C) It ended the war quickly.(D) It was a brilliant strategy.9. According to the passage, Churchill’s role in the bombing campaign isa source of what?(A) Great celebration.(B) Controversy.(C) Regret.(D) Historical significance.10. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Churchill should be remembered as a war hero.(B) Churchill’s role in the bombing campaign is widely praised.(C) Churchill’s legacy is controversial.(D) Churchill is a forgotten historical figure.Passage TwoQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Contrary to popular belief, there are benefits to being an introvert. Introverts are often highly creative and are known for their focus and independence. While extroverts thrive in social situations, introverts excel in solitude. It is important for society to value and appreciate the unique qualities introverts bring to the table.11. What is said about introverts in the passage?(A) They are better at socializing than extroverts.(B) They are known for their focus and independence.(C) They are never creative.(D) They thrive in group activities.12. How do introverts differ from extroverts according to the passage?(A) Introverts enjoy solitude.(B) Introverts are more talkative.(C) Introverts dislike creativity.(D) Extroverts are better at focusing.13. What is important according to the passage?(A) Society should ignore introverts.(B) Society should value the unique qualities of introverts.(C) Society should only appreciate extroverts.(D) Introverts should try to be more like extroverts.14. What do introverts excel in according to the passage?(A) Group activities.(B) Solitude.(C) Creativity.(D) Socializing.15. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Society values introverts.(B) Introverts are more social than extroverts.(C) The benefits of being an introvert.(D) Being an introvert is a disadvantage.Part III: Translation (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your Answer Sheet.16. 为了更好地适应新的工作环境，我正在学习一门新的外语。
四级英语模拟试题及答案
四级英语模拟试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 根据题目所给的对话或短文，选择正确答案。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] C2. B) 根据题目所给的对话或短文，完成句子。
- 问题：What is the woman going to do this evening? - 答案：She is going to the library.二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读以下短文，选择最佳答案。
短文内容略...A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] A2. 阅读以下短文，回答下列问题。
短文内容略...- 问题1：What is the main idea of the passage?答案：The main idea is...- 问题2：Why does the author mention X in the text?答案：The author mentions X to illustrate...三、词汇与结构（共15分）1. 从下列选项中选择最佳答案填入空白处。
- 空白处：The project was _______ last month.A) completedB) completingC) to completeD) was completed[答案] A2. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
- 句子：She _______ (study) abroad for two years before she got her master's degree.答案：studied四、翻译（共15分）1. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。
- 中文：这个项目的成功取决于团队的合作。
- 英文：The success of this project depends on the team's cooperation.2. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
大学英语四级(CET-4)模拟试卷
大学英语四级(CET-4)模拟试卷Part I Writing(30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Studying Abroad. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 近几年来越来越多的学生选择留学2. 出现这种现象的原因3. 这种现象可能带来的影响Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A history of EnglishThe English language we speak today went through three stages called Old English, Middle English and Modern English. But ages before Old English came into being, many other languages had to arise and develop. The oldest of these, as far as we know, was the Indo-European family of languages, which were beginning to be spoken clear back during the Stone Age.During the Stone Age, some Indo-European people lived on the island of Britain. The earliest known of these British Indo-European split into two groups called the Scots and the Celts. There was another group, who were not Indo-European, called Picts. Together these three peoples are known as Britons. The Britons were a fierce, Stone Age people constantly making war on each other. They dressed in animal skins, lived in caves or rude wooden huts. These people had their own languages.After conquering all of Europe, Rome invaded Britain and made it part of the empire, in AD 43. Romans brought their advanced culture to the Britons. Not only did they bring their art, literature, law and Latin language, they established schools, built buildings and roads and provided an army to protect themselves against invaders.Meanwhile, the Germanic peoples of northern Europe, known as “Norsemen” or “Northmen”, were developing another, separate European culture. Some groups of Norsemen came to be known as Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Goths. They were warriors, but also sailors and traders. In very early times the Angles and Saxons began to trade with the Celts in England. This was probably the first time the Britons came into contact with other peoples.During the four hundred years Britain was part of the Roman Empire, Rome was getting weaker and weaker, and the Norsemen were getting stronger and stronger. By AD 409, Rome had lost all control of Britain. As soon as the Roman armies pulled out of Britain, the Picts and Scots began to destroy the Celts. The Celts turned for help to the Angles and Saxons across the sea in Sweden and Denmark. The latter were quick to respond, because they loved war. They saved the Celts; they also destroyed practically all the culture which had been brought by the Roma: literature, sculpture, schools and roads. The Germanic languages of the Angles and Saxons combined to become Anglo-Saxons. Since the Angles and Saxons had become the power in England, the Anglo-Saxon language became the very early beginning of English.Gradually, between the sixth and eleventh centuries, the feudal estates of Europe give into powerful kingdoms. Of these, the French kingdom of Normandy became very important to the development of English.The various peoples in England were coming together as a nation also, under the rule of more powerful kings such as Alfred the Great, who ruled between 871 and 899. Alfred was not only an efficient ruler and a great defender of his people, he was also an eager scholar. He was able to preserve some of the learning which had been left behind when the Romans left England. In Anglo-Saxon he began a detailed diary of events in his own time known as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Although Alfred encouraged reading and writing in Anglo-Saxon as well as in Latin, most works continued to be written in Latin.Alfred’s efforts to unity England and established a national language apart from Latin were interrupted by an invasion of yet another group of Norsemen, the Vikings. The Vikings who invaded England were called Danes, and those who invaded France were known as the Normans.Gradually, as invaders do eventually, the Danes settled down and became peaceful farmers. Their language mixed with Anglo-Saxon and became what we know as Old English. Old English was established as the language of the land by the tenth century. For the next hundred years or so after the Danish invasions, the English people lived in peace. If they had continued that way our language today might be quite different form what it is; it would be something similar to Dutch, Danish and German. But about nine hundred years ago, English was invaded again, and another, very different language was brought to the country. When this language arrived, English moved away from Danish and Anglo-Saxon and passed form Old English into Middle English.The new foreign language which was to have such an important influence on the development of Middle English was French. In 1066, the Norman French people invaded England. The invasion is known as the Norman Conquest, and it is very important for two reasons. First, it was the last time England was ever to be invaded. Second, Old French became as important an influence as Danish and Anglo-Saxon to the development of English as it is today.The Normans brought their law, custom and literature to England. Since there was still so much Latin in their own language, Latin again began to be swallowed up by a foreign language in the way their Celtic and early Anglo-Saxon ancestors had. Although the invading Norman French became the rulers of the land, and French became the language of government and law in England, the English people stubbornly refused to give up their own language. English remained the spoken language of the people. And when they did accept French words, they mispronounced them so badly that no one could recognize them as French. Eventually, the two language came together to form what we know today as Middle English. The change from Old English to Middle English took place gradually over a period of about hundred years.By the time of Shakespeare’s death in 1616, our history and our language had entered the modern period. The English of Shakespeare’s time is considered modern English because, except for some different spellings and a few words we no longer use, the language is quite similar to the English we speak today. Many of the old saying we use every day come right out of Shakespeare’s writings. When we think something is unimportant we “laugh it off”. Describing something which is strong and in good condition, we say it is “sound as a bell”. When we are disgusted with something, we say it is “lousy”. If you know or use these expressions you are quoting Shakespeare.Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries England built an empire which included North America, some Caribbean islands, Australia, New Zealand, parts of Asia and parts of Africa. About nine or ten years before Shakespeare’s death, England had established her first American colony, Virginia. Three hundred years later, England no longer had an empire, but the lands which she had conquered still spoke the English language. Today, English is the native or official language of not only the United States but also Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Kenya, South Africa, Trinidad, Jamaica and more lands on every continent of this planet.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷656一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Returning of Traditional Chinese Culture. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given beloW:1．近来社会上出现国学热2．国学回归的意义3．我们应该怎样做The Returning of Traditional Chinese Culture二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 Facebook's System of Disabling Fake AccountsAlicia Istanbul woke up one recent Wednesday to find herself locked out of the Facebook account she opened in 2007, one Facebook suddenly deemed fake.The stay-at-home mom was cut off not only from her 330 friends, including many she had no other way of contacting, but also from the pages she had set up for the jewelry design business she runs from her Atlanta-area home.Although Istanbul understands why Facebook insists on having real people behind real names for every account, she wonders why the online hangout didn't simply ask before acting. "They should at least give you a warning, or at least give you the benefit of the doubt," she said. "I was on it all day. I had built my entire social network around it. That's what Facebook wants you to do." Facebook's effort to purge its site of fake accounts, in the process knocking out some real people with unusual names, marks yet another challenge for the 5-year-old social network.As Facebook becomes a bigger part of the lives of its more than 200 million users, the Palo Alto, Calif. -based company is finding that the huge diversity and the vast size of its audience are making it increasingly difficult to enforce rules it set when its membership was smaller and more homogenous (相似的).Having grown from a closed network available only to college students to a global social hub used by multiple generations, Facebook has worked over the years to shape its guidelines and features to fit its changing audience. But requiring people to sign up under their real name is part of what makes Facebook Facebook.To make sure people can't set up accounts with fake names, the site has a long, constantly updated "blacklist" of names that people can't use. Those could either be ones that sound fake, like Batman, or names tied to current events, like Susan Boyle. While there are dozens of Susan Boyles on Facebook already, people who tried to sign up with that name after the 47-year-old woman became an unlikely singing sensation (引起轰动的人物) had more difficulty doing so. Facebook spokesman Barry Schnitt acknowledged that Facebook does make mistakes on occasion, and he apologized for "any inconvenience". But he said situations like Istanbul's are very rare, and most accounts that are disabled for being fake really are. "The vast, vast, vast majority of people we disabled we never hear from again," he said. Because the exceptions are so rare, he said, prior notification is "not something we are doing right now. "Facebook is available in more than 40 languages—and growing—and its user base is larger than Brazil's population. But financially it is still a start-up. Although the Internet research firm eMarketer estimates that Facebook generated about $210 million in US advertising revenue last year, that is well below the $585 million estimated for the News Corp.-owned rival, MySpace. Facebook is still looking for ways to become self-sustaining and reduce its reliance on outside investors. In 2007, Microsoft bought a 1.6% stake in the company for $ 240 million, though Facebook later concluded it wasn't worth anywhere close to the $ 15 billion market value implied in that investment.Because Facebook has only about 850 employees worldwide, getting complaints answered can take a long time. Istanbul, whose father is from the city of Istanbul in Turkey, said it took three weeks to get her account reinstated(恢复).Without being able to log in for that time, she said she felt "completely cut off" from her contacts. Frustrated, she wrote e-mails, then mailed letters to 12 Facebook executives. To keep in touch with her friends and monitor her business pages, Istanbul said she sort of "hijacked" her husband's account. "I think they just assume you can't have an interesting name," she said of Facebook. "I kept my maiden name because it's such an interesting name, I didn't want to give it up. And now I am having to defend my name." "If you deal with this kind of thing all the time, and on top of that Facebook wants you to prove your identity, ... it's adding insult to injury," said Nancy Kelsey, a graduate student at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, who started the Facebook group. She said Facebook should remedy the problem so that it "wouldn't be so offensive" each time a real name is deemed fake. "Native American surnames mean something," she said. "They are points of pride, points of identity. It's not someone trying to make up a fake name."Istanbul's sister, Lisa Istanbul Krikorian, also got locked out of her Facebook account, which she opened a year and a half ago. So she opened another one that omits her maiden name. Their mother and their cousin, who both joined the social network more recently, were not even allowed to sign up under their real names. "They had to misspell their last names," Alicia Istanbul said, so that Facebook's system of weeding out fake accounts wouldn't recognize them. Her mom added an extra "n" to spell "Istannbul", and her cousin added an "e" to become "Istanbule".But that makes it difficult to reconnect with old classmates and long-lost friends, something Facebook prides itself in helping facilitate. "No one is going to find you if your last name is spelled wrong," Istanbul said. Unlike many other social networks, Facebook wants a real name behind each person's account. Bands, brands and businesses are supposed to use fan pages and groups； regular accounts are for real people.Facebook says its "real name culture" is one of the site's founding principles. It creates "accountability (责任) and, ultimately, creates a safer and more trusted environment for all of our users," Schnitt said. "We require people to be who they are."Once the site disables an account it deems fake, its holder has to contact Facebook to prove it is real. In some cases, the company may require that the person fax a copy of a government-issued ID, which Facebook says it destroys as soon as the account is verified. Yet an informal search on Facebook shows that efforts to weed out fake names may be a difficult task.A recent search for "stupid", for example, turned up more than 27 people matches, most looking dubious (可疑的) at best. Although many of the fake accounts are created as sophomoric (幼稚的) humor or as a vehicle for malicious activity, others are to protect users from having their postings create problems when they later look for jobs. Facebook has extensive privacy settings, but they are complicated and many people don't know how to properly use them.Steve Jones, professor of communications at the University of Illinois at Chicago, said having real people behind personal accounts helps Facebook maintain credibility. "If they let fake names and accounts proliferate (扩散) people are going to take it less seriously," he said. Still, he believes that Facebook should notify the holders of purportedly (据称) fake accounts. "The first step in any sort of takedown action is to notify," he said. "What's the rush? Why not give somebody 24, 48 hours?"2 What does Alicia Istanbul do on the Facebook?（A）She makes it the only way to contact with friends.（B）She opens business at home via Facebook.（C）She registers a fake name on Facebook.（D）She is informed of an illegal name.3 According to the Palo Alto, what makes it difficult to carry out Facebook rules? （A）It cannot tell the fake names from the real ones.（B）It opens only to college students.（C）The number of its users increases and they have different needs.（D）It meets challenges from similar businesses.4 In order to prevent users from using fake names, Facebook______.（A）lists a series of names that are banned to use（B）doesn't allow the users to register similar names（C）checks every name in cooperation with colleges（D）cannot tolerate misspelled surnames5 According to Facebook spokesman Barry Schnitt, ______.（A）Facebook will improve its registration system（B）Facebook will apologize to Istanbul for her inconvenience（C）Facebook will give precaution before closing any account（D）most disabled accounts are related with fake names6 The Internet research firm eMarketer listed some figures to show that______.（A）Facebook has to cooperate with the rivals（B）Facebook should depend on the outside investors（C）Facebook is still inferior to its rival financially（D）Facebook must learn from Microsoft7 According to Nancy Kelsey, Facebook should______.（A）make changes to avoid misunderstandings（B）no longer restrict registration by fake names（C）be more efficient to get complaints answered（D）not offend its users by too many advertisements8 Why do Alicia Istanbul's family misspell their names?（A）To obey the rules set by Facebook.（B）Not to let their friends find them.（C）To advocate the use of fake names.（D）To avoid their accounts being disabled.9 Facebook adopts the founding principle of "real name culture" for the purpose of providing its users with10 Many people create fake accounts for sophomoric humor or as a vehicle for malicious activity, others think their postings may cause problems when______.11 According to Professor Steve Jones, the "real name culture" may helpFacebook______.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）It was out of power.（B）It was cut off by the phone company.（C）It was connected by the phone company.（D）It was taken away by the phone company.（A）Tom's personality.（B）The temperature.（C）A heated argument.（D）The style of a hat.（A）His back hurt during the meeting.（B）The proposal should be sent back right away.（C）He needs the woman's help in the meeting.（D）He might not be back in time for the project.（A）They don't have to go to the concert tonight.（B）The woman suggests they take the subway to the concert.（C）A car won't be any faster than the subway.（D）The man's brother should share the car with them.（A）Because she couldn't recognize her former classmate. （B）Because the man didn't understand her.（C）Because she didn't have enough money for her classmate. （D）Because she was sad about her height.（A）His learning strategy is problematic.（B）He is so scared to face the test.（C）His health condition is terrible.（D）He didn't pass the physical examination.（A）At 6,10.（B）At6:30.（C）At6:40.（D）At 7:00.（A）The novel is too long to finish.（B）The woman doesn't have time to read the novel.（C）The woman needs a better dictionary.（D）The novel is too hard to understand.（A）Something small.（B）Something sweet.（C）Something typical in your country.（D）Something valuable in your country.（A）Shake hands with the host and hostess.（B）Kiss the hostess on both cheeks and shake hands with the host.（C）Kiss the hostess on one cheek and say hello to the host.（D）Just say hello to the host and hostess.（A）It is impolite to call people by their first names in the US.（B）The French only call their family members by their first name.（C）Americans attach great importance to eye contact while talking to people. （D）The French don't necessarily look you in the eye when talking to you. （A）Because he has got the first place in the test.（B）Because he has got high scores in the test.（C）Because he has been praised by his professor.（D）Because he has passed all of the tests.（A）A few weeks before the exam.（B）A few months before the exam.（C）A few days before the exam.（D）A few hours before the exam.（A）Ask his classmates.（B）Look up some information.（C）Go online to check them.（D）Discuss them with his teachers.（A）Classmates.（B）Mother and son.（C）Teacher and student.（D）Headmaster and student.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）Consulting fertilizer knowledge through a call.（B）Inquiring weather information online.（C）Helping farmers choose good seeds.（D）Delivering agricultural production free of charge.（A）It will increase the cost of rice production.（B）It can increase the agricultural yields and profits.（C）It will reduce the demand of rice production.（D）It can improve the quality of rice.（A）Travel to sub-Saharan Africa.（B）Carry out a new service in Philippines. （C）Help farmers set up a Rice Research Institute. （D）Introduce the service to other countries. （A）A book.（B）A clock.（C）A shirt.（D）A suitcase.（A）Fastening her seat belts.（B）Listening to the music.（C）Enjoying the beauty of the evening sky. （D）Sitting in a smoke-filled room.（A）She lost her ticket.（B）She was thought bringing a time bomb. （C）She made some mistakes.（D）Her passport had some problems.（A）A gathering of suggestions and information. （B）A book full of useful knowledge.（C）A fact concerning wildlife.（D）A book about farmers in southern Africa.（A）To help people in Africa live longer.（B）To educate the farmers in Kenya to breed more animals.（C）To provide methods to deal with animals without harming them.（D）To discuss the problems of wildlife with other organizations.（A）Enter the water alone without arms.（B）Build strong fencing at watering points.（C）Overfish the waters where crocodiles live.（D）Fight with the crocodiles.（A）Sheep.（B）Donkeys.（C）Snakes.（D）Crocodiles.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the36 As we all know, drinking and smoking affect people's health. A recent study of 17 000 Canadians 【B1】______that people who drink beer with limits are 【B2】______than people who drink other alcoholic beverages, such as wine or liquor. Researchers say they don't yet know 【B3】______why this is so. They find, however, that 【B4】______beer drinkers are reported less illness and appear to have a lower risk of death from heart disease. Health condition seems to be connected to the amount of beer 【B5】______and the regularity of drinking. People who drink beer one or more times a day are reported to get the least 【B6】______of illness. Heavy drinkers, however, people who drink 35 or more pints of beer a week reported more illness. For the sake of their health, many people oppose heavy drinking of beer just as they do with smoking. The war against cigarette smoking is 【B7】______ up again. Legislation was introduced today that would make it 【B8】______ to advertise cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco product in any form of media. 【B9】______. The legislation would also prevent tobacco manufacturers from sponsoring sporting events and from giving away free samples. 【B10】______. Cigarette manufacturers insist that the legislation would be useless. In fact, 【B11】______, cigarette smoking has actually increased.37 【B1】38 【B2】39 【B3】40 【B4】41 【B5】42 【B6】43 【B7】44 【B8】45 【B9】46 【B10】47 【B11】Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.47 In the cause of equal rights, feminists (女权主义者) have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has been【S1】______: lifespan. (In this area, women have the【S2】______hand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is not【S3】______obvious. But the same is true in many other 【S4】______From lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply can't go the distance.One theory is that males must【S5】______for female attention. Females are not subject to such pressure. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especially【S6】______in those varieties where males rival for the attention of lots of females. Conversely, it will be reduced or absent where they do not.That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more delicate effect may also be at work. Most scholars of ageing agree that an animal's【S7】______lifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predation (捕食), disease, accident and damaging【S8】______by others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in excellent condition. Those resources should, instead, be【S9】______to reproduction. And the more【S10】______the outside world is, the shorter the lifespan should be.A) overlooked F) threatening K) spontaneousB) upper G) undoubtedly L) devotedC) aggression H) species M) combineD) immediately I) evident N) uprightE) clumsy J) compete O) maximum48 【S1】49 【S2】50 【S3】52 【S5】53 【S6】54 【S7】55 【S8】56 【S9】57 【S10】Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.57 If you sit all day at an office and worry about its effect on your weight and health, take a few breaks.That's the advice from a new study that finds that people who sit for extended periods of time without taking short breaks are at higher risk for heart disease than those who take more frequent timeouts to stand up and walk around.The cardiovascular (心血管的) risk that stems from remaining sedentary for prolonged periods of time (at the office, for example) manifests itself in the form of larger waists, higher blood pressure, increased body inflammation and lower levels of "good" cholesterol (胆固醇), the authors noted. What's more, the negative impact of such lengthy bouts (一阵) of inactivity seems to apply even to those who routinely go to the gym."These findings are not surprising," said Dr. Murray A. Mittleman, director of the cardiovascular epidemiology research unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an associate professor in the department of epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston."In fact, the Surgeon General report recommends that individuals should accumulate activity incrementally throughout the day," noted Mittleman, who was not a member of the Australian research team. "And this is really consistent with that."The team, led by Genevieve N. Healy, of the Cancer Prevention Research Center in the School of Population Health at the University of Queensland in Herston, Australia, reported their findings in the Jan. 12 online edition of the European Heart Journal."Even if you exercise for 30 to 60 minutes a day, what you do for the rest of the day may also be important for your cardiovascular health," Healy explained. "This research suggests that even small changes to a person's activity levels (as little as standing up regularly) might help to lower cardiovascular risk. These changes can be readily incorporated into the person's day-to-day life (including the work environment). Stand up, move more, more often, could be used as a slogan to help get this message across. "58 What is the advice from a new study according to the passage?（A）Those who sit for a long time without breaks are at higher risk for heart disease.（B）Those who have frequently short breaks are at higher risk for heart disease.（C）Those who sit all day long and worry about their health should take short rests.（D）Those who sit all day long and take short breaks don't need to worry about their health.59 What causes the cardiovascular risk?（A）Remain calm for a long time.（B）Remain angry for a long time.（C）Remain sad for a long time.（D）Remain still and immovable for a long time.60 What is Mittleman's attitude toward the recommendation from the Surgeon General report?（A）He thinks the recommendation agrees with these findings.（B）He thinks the recommendation is opposed to these findings.（C）He thinks individuals should add exercises incrementally throughout the day. （D）He thinks people should accept the recommendation.61 What did the team of the Cancer Prevention Research Center do?（A）The team issued a report written by Healy.（B）The team found their report online.（C）The team issued their study online.（D）The team made an online journal.62 What do we learn from the last paragraph?（A）What people do for the rest of the day may be unimportant for their health.（B）People should exercise more often to lower cardiovascular risk.（C）Small changes to a person's work environment might help to lower cardiovascular risk.（D）People should exercise for a long time every day to keep health.62 The new US health-insurance rules are designed to help those caught in Medicare's "doughnut hole", offer seniors more preventative (预防性的) care, and limit how much of their customers' money health-insurance companies can keep for overhead and profit. The new rules include:A provision that limits what health insurers can do with the money their customers send in as premiums (保险金).The rule requires that insurers spend at least 80 percent of this money on the customers themselves. The companies must either spend this money to pay insurance claims or use it for activities that improve customers' health.For policies that are sold to large groups instead of small companies and individuals, the number is even higher: 85 percent. The remaining 15 or 20 percent of the money can be used for a company's salaries, marketing and overhead—or kept as profit.Previously, there was no federal restrictions on insurance companies' spending. The federal government says some insurers kept 30 or even 50 percent. Insurance companies say this could cause them to cut back on the services they offer, or even pull out of states where administrative costs are higher. State officials also worry that the companies might cut the fees they pay to insurance brokers. That, they fear, would eliminate key middlemen who help individuals navigate a complicated insurance system.A provision that provides prescription-drug discounts for seniors in Medicare's "doughnut hole".The doughnut hole is a controversial gap in the Medicare prescription-drug benefit passed in 2003. In 2010, for instance. Medicare paid for part of the cost of drugs, until the total cost of the drugs hit $ 2 830.After that, seniors were responsible for 100 percent of the cost of their drugs, until they had spent $ 3 610 of their own money. That was the other side of the doughnut hole, and federal insurance kicked in again. This provision will give Medicare recipients stuck in the doughnut hole a 50 percent discount on the price of brand-name prescription drugs. Health-care activists are worried, however, that drugmakers will jack up their prices. In that case, customers would receive 50 percent off that higher number, which might not be much less than what they were paying before.63 What is the purpose of designing the new US health-insurance rules?（A）To limit the amount of the money sent in by the customers.（B）To help those who have trouble in finance.（C）To give old people more preventative care.（D）To help companies keep more customers' money for overhead and profit.64 Insurers should spend 85% of the premiums on customers themselves of______. （A）the individuals（B）large groups（C）small companies（D）the customers65 Why does the federal government restrict insurance companies' spending?（A）Because there were no federal restrictions before.（B）Because the federal government wants companies to cut back on the services. （C）Because the federal government wants to eliminate key middlemen.（D）Because the federal government wants to limit too much money some companies keep.66 Who can enjoy prescription-drug discounts?（A）The old people in doughnut hole.（B）The old people in Medicare.（C）The old people in federal government.（D）The old people in federal insurance.67 What can we learn from the last paragraph?（A）After 2010, seniors were responsible for 100 percent of the cost of their drugs. （B）Federal insurance began to take part in and ask for more profits.（C）Customers will get a 50 percent discount except those stuck in doughnut hole.（D）Health-care activists are worried that drugmakers will increase the relevant drugs' prices.三、Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.67 The summer's heat waves baked the eastern United States, parts of Africa and eastern Asia, and above all Russia, which lost millions of acres of wheat and thousands of lives in a drought worse than any other in the historical record. These far-flung (广布的) disasters are【C1】______the question of whether global warming is causing more weather【C2】______. Although in most people's opinion, these are【C3】______disconnected, the collective answer of the scientific community can be boiled down to a【C4】______word: probably."The climate is changing," said Jay Lawrimore, chief of climate analysis at the National Climatic Data Center. "Extreme events are occurring with higher【C5】______, and in many cases with【C6】______intensity." He described excessive heat, in【C7】______, as "consistent with our understanding of how the climate【C8】______to increasing greenhouse gases. "Theory suggests that a world【C9】______up because of those gases will feature heavier rainstorms in summer, bigger snowstorms in winter, more【C10】______droughts in at least some places and more record-breaking heat waves. Scientists and government reports say the statistical【C11】______shows that much of this is starting to happen.But the averages do not necessarily make it easier to link specific weather events,【C12】______a given flood or hurricane or heat wave,【C13】______climate change. Most climate scientists are reluctant to go that far, noting that weather was【C14】______by remarkable variability long before humans began burning fossil fuels and【C15】______much greenhouse and other exhaust gases into the【C16】______"If you ask me, do I think the Russian heat wave has to do with climate change, as a【C17】______the answer is yes," said Gavin Schmidt, a climate researcher【C18】______NASA in New York. "If you ask me as a scientist【C19】______I have proved it, the answer is no—at least not【C20】______."68 【C1】（A）rising（B）causing（C）holding（D）reviving。