化学和应用化学专业英语命名 (2)
化工专业英语

化工专业英语————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学Analytical Chemistry 有机化学OrganicChemistry 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 谱学导论Introd ucton of Spectroscopy 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of GeneralandAnalytical Chemistry现在基础化学 The Principle ofMordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experimentsof Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验Experiments of OrganicChemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验 Experiments of ComprehensiveChemistry 化工原理 Principle of C hemical Engineering 化工原理实验 Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 OrganicSynthesis and Mechanics 化学进展 Progress inChemistry化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis 环境化学Environmental Chemistry 环境监测 Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语Scientific E nglish for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图ChemicalEngineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验Computer and ChemicalMeasurement 化学信息学 Chemoinformat ics or ChemicalInformatics 应用化学专题Special Topicsin AppliedChemistry化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究feasibility stud y方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 reviewmeeting外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资joint venture中外合营joint venture 补偿贸易compensation trade 合同合同附件contract卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围scope of supply 生产范围production scope生产能力production capacity 项目 project 界区battery limit 装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图process block diagr am 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表equipment list成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品by-product 原料 raw-material设计基础数据basic data for design技术数据technical data 数据表data sheet 设计文件design document 设计规定design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更project change 用户变更clientchange 消耗定额co nsumption quota技术转让technical transfer 技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务technical services 工作地点location 施工现场construction field 报价quotation 标书 bidding book 公司利润company profit 固定价合同fixed price contract 固定单价合同fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter 保留金reten tion 所得税income taxes 特别承包人税specialcontractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册work manual 工作流程图work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC procedures 采购计划 procurement plan施工计划construction plan 施工进度construction schedule 项目实施计划project execution plan 项目协调程序project coordination p rocedure项目总进度计划project masterschedule 设计网络计划engineering network logic 项目质量保证project qualityassurance 项目质量控制project qualitycontrol 采购procurement 采购周期procurement period 会签 the squad check计算书calculation sheets 询价inquiry 检验inspection 运输transportation 开车 start up/ commission验收inspection & acceptance校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次 version 部门 department 专业 specialty 项目号 project number图号drawing number目录 contents 序言 foreword 章 chapter 节section 项itemMR materialrequisition SPEC engineering specific ation DATA SHEET(技术表)technical data sheet TBA(技术评标) technica lbidanalysis PDPpreliminary design package PM (项目经理) project manager LDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineer Mater ialrequisition for quotation MRQ(材料询价单) MRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchase BEP(基础工程设计包)basic enginee ring package P&ID(管道及仪表流程图)piping and instrumentdrawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failureope n FC failureclose C/S/Acivil/structure/architecture detail desig n phase DDP(详细设计阶段)二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程batch process 工艺叙述 processdescription 工艺特点process feature 操作operation 反应 reaction 副反应 side reaction絮凝flocculation 浮洗 flotation倾析decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction 萃取 extraction 中和neutralization 水解 hydrolysis 过滤filtration干燥drying 还原reduction 氧化 oxidation氢化hydrogenation 分解 decomposition 离解dissociation合成synthetics 吸收 absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸desorption 结晶crystallization溶解 solution 调节modulate控制control 悬浮 suspension 循环circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing 煅烧 caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation 气化 gasification 冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶solidification 包装 package 升华sublimation 燃烧combustion 引烧ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化 carbonization压缩 com pression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas 化合物compound 混合物mixture粉powder 片状粉未flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion 氧化物oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 有机物organic material 真空vacuum 母液master liquor 富液 rich liquor 贫液lean liquor 萃出物extract 萃余物raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants 冷冻盐水brine 酸度 acidi ty 浓度 concentration 碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility 凝固点solidi ficalionpoint沸点 boiling point 熔点melting point 蒸发率evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)外观 appearance 无色的 colorless(a) 透明的 transparent(a) 半透明的 translucent 密度 density 比重 specific gravity 催化剂catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustiblegas 可燃液体 inflammable liquid 易燃液体volatile liquid 爆炸混合物explosivemixture爆炸性环境explosive atm osphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit 废水waste water 废液waste liquid 废气 off-gas 噪声 noise pollution成分 composition 挠度 deflection 力和力矩 force and moment 弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-straindiagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度ambienttemperature工作温度operating 设计温度 design temperature(pressure) 相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质impurity四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵axial flow pump 真空泵 vacuum pump 屏蔽泵canned pump 柱塞泵plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵 vortexpump 离心泵 centrifugal pump 喷射泵jet pump 转子泵rotary pump 管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump 计量泵 metering pump深井泵deep wellpump齿轮泵gear pump 手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump 螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rot or pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air-lift-pump 轴承bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管siphon 高压容器high pressure vessel 焚化炉incinerator 火焰清除器flame arrester 工业炉furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器heater 电加热器electric heater 冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser 换热器heat exchanger 反应器reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器agitator混合器mixer 静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器line mixers 混合槽mixing tanks 破碎机crusher 磨碎机grinder 研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter 分离器 separator 干燥器 drier 翅片fins 烟囱 stack 火炬flare 筛子 screen 煅烧窑 calciner 倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机 centrifuger吸附(收)器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer 电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electricprecipitator 洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bin 料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier 分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头sprayer 成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机rotarycompr essor 往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nashcompressor 螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugalcompressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器tubular reactor 列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger萃取塔 extraction column板式塔plate column 填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔coolingtower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper 再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower 塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配(布)器 liquiddistributor 填料支持板support plate定距管 spacer 降液管downcomer 升气管 chimney 顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve 除沫器 demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 headtank 中间槽intermediate tank 加料槽feedtank 补给槽make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chut e收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating rooftank内浮顶罐covered floatingroof tank 球罐 spheroi d气柜gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drumfilter 带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter 旋风分离器 cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier 真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor dr ier 圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder 颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratorycrusher 滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impactbreaker 气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymondmill 锤磨机 hammer mill 辊磨机 roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛 rotary scree n风机fan罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机root's blower crane bridge crane motor hoist generator motor steam tu rbine五、管道工程pipingengineering1 阀门valve阀杆stem 内螺纹阀杆inside screw 阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)trim阀盘disc 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand level (handle) 压盖 gland 闸阀gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板splitwedge截止阀globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀(角式截止阀) angle valve Y型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀3-way ball valve 蝶阀butterfly valve 对夹式(薄片型) wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀linkbutterf ly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀st raightway diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve 止回阀check valve 升降式止回阀 liftcheck valve 旋启式止回阀 swingcheck valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve 活塞式止回阀piston check valve 翻板止回阀 flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV] 安全泄压阀 safetyrelief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weighttype 罐底排污阀 flush-bot tom tank valve 波纹管密封阀bellow sealedvalve 电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve 电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumaticoperated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic servicevalve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket tra p自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 the rmodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap 放汽阀(自动放汽阀)(automatic) air vent valve 换向阀diverting (reversing)valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressurereducing valve 控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀differential pressureregulating valve 切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve 调节阀regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管) tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管) 钢管steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe 复合管clad pipe 碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe 合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainles s steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-weldedsteel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe 排污阀blowdown valve 集液排放阀dripvalve排液阀drain valve 放空阀 v ent valve卸载阀unloading valve 排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve (水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker 冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary,header) valve 水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube 壁厚 wall thickness[WT] 壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.] 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong) 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radiuselbow 长半径 180°弯头long radius return 短半径 180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee 异径三通reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通45°lateral true"Y" Y 型三通四通cross 异径管 reducer 同心异径管concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头coupling;fullcoupling活接头union 短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管 "U"bend 法兰端flanged end万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD] 承插焊的 socket welded[S W] 法兰 flange[FLG] 整体管法兰integral pipeflange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange 滑套法兰slip-on flange 平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰socket weldingflange松套法兰lapjoint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blindflange;blind 异径法兰 reducing flange 压力级 pressure rating(class) 突面r aisedface[RF] 凸面 male face 凹面female face 全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器temporary strainer(conetype) Y型过滤器Y-type strainerT 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester 喷咀;喷头spray nozzle 喷射器ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节expansion joint 波纹膨胀节b ellow 补偿器 compensator 软管接头 hoseconnection[HC]快速接头 q uick coupling金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗funnel 8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板 rupturedisk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.] 铸铁cast i ron[C.I.] 铝aluminum 铜,紫铜copper 钛titanium抗拉强度tens ile strength非金属材料non-metallic material塑料 plastic 陶瓷 cera mic 搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃 glass 橡胶rubber 垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket 填料packing型钢 shaped steel角钢angle steel 槽钢channel 工字钢 I-beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 f lat bar 圆钢round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 网络钢板checkered pla te 材料表bill of material[BOM] 材料统计 material take-off[MTO] 散装材料bulkmaterial 综合管道材料表consolidated pipingmaterial summary sheet[CPMSS] 汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 centerline 装置边界boundary limit[BL] 区界 area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan 标高,立面 elevation[EL] 支撑点 point of support[POS] 工厂北向 plant north 方位orienta tion危险区 hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation 坐标coordinat e管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP] 管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图detail "X"视图view "X" "A-A" 剖视 section "A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图 key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号line number总管 header; manifold旁路 bypass 常开 normally open 常闭 normally closed取样接口sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热steam tracing 热水伴热hot-water tracing 电伴热 electrical tracing 夹套管jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed 比例 scale 图 figure草图sketch 图例 legend 符号 symbol 件号part n。
各学科专业英文名称大全

各学科专业英文名称大全哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education inIdeology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology基础心理学 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应用化学专业英语 -化合物命名

醇
酚类命名法
硫醇和硫酚
酮的命名法Biblioteka 根基命名法:醚类命名
羧酸命名
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3 2-methylbutane
2,2-dimethylpropane CH3CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane
除了系统命名法,有一些支链烷烃是可以采用普 通命名法来命名的
化合物的英语命名 Nomenclature of compounds
樊海梅
LOGO
有机化合物的命名
链 烃
饱和烃:烷烃 不饱和烃:烯烃,炔烃 脂环烃 芳香烃
烃
有 机 物
环 烃
卤代烃
烃 的 衍 生 物
醇
含 氧 衍 生 物
酚 醛 酮 羧酸
酯等
烷烃(alkanes) 直链烷烃:英文名称除了含1到4个碳原子以外,其余均用希腊
90 alkane:nonacontane
100 alkane:hectane
含支链烷烃和烷基 烷基:只需要把烷烃的后缀ane换成-yl加在相应烷烃的字 首后 如:CH3- methyl CH3-CH2- ethyl CH3-(CH2)9-CH2 undecyl
还有一些烷基也可以在相应的烃名前加iso-(异)、sec-仲、tert-叔、
CH3CH2-C(CH3)2-CH3:
烯烃(alkene)和炔烃(alkynes):将相应的烷烃的词尾(ane)改为
ene和yne,名称前加上不饱和键的编号, 如:乙烯 ethene 丁烯 butene 乙炔 HC≡CH ethyne 丁二炔 HC ≡C-C ≡CH butadiyne
应用化学专业英语-无机物的命名

Common:用希腊数字前缀表示氧原子和非金属原子的个数。
Stock:用罗马数字表明除氧(-2)外的非金属的氧化态。
6、Inorganic Acid(无机酸)
Acid Ion (酸基离子) per有 氧 酸 hypo无氧酸 -ate -ate -ite -ite -ide perAcid -ic -ic -ous -ous -ic acid acid acid acid acid
应用化学
无机物的命名
The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
无机物的命名
1、 Elementary Substance(单质)
2、Cation(阳离子)
3、Anion(阴离子)
4、Oxide, Base and Salt of Metal(氧化物,碱和金属盐) 5、Nonmetal Oxide (非金属氧化物) 6、Inorganic Acid(无机酸) 7、Acid Salt(酸式盐)
fluoride
chloride bromide iodide astatide
阴离子的命名
Symbol
FClBr-
Name
Fluoride Chloride Bromide
Symbo l ClO4ClO3ClO2-
Name
Perchlorate Chlorate Chlorite Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Phosphite
4、Oxide, Base and Salt of Metal(氧化物,碱和金属盐)
5、Nonmetal Oxide (非金属氧化物) 6、Inorganic Acid(无机酸)
7、Acid Salt(酸式盐) 8、Basic Salt(碱式盐) 9、Complex salt(络合物)
应用化学专业英语 -无机化学命名

(3) 基本元素有多种价态 酸:最低氧化态(次酸) 基础元素(前缀 hypo-, 后缀 -ous) +acid 较低氧化态(亚酸) 基础元素加后缀-ous + acid 较高氧化态 (正酸) 基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 最高氧化态(高酸) 基础元素(前缀 per-, 后缀 -ic) +acid 盐:最低氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素(前缀 hypo-, 后缀 -ite) 较低氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素加后缀-ite 较高氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素加后缀-ate 最高氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素(前缀 per-, 后缀 -ate)
16. K4[Fe(CN)6]; 17. CuSO4· 5H2O 18. Cu2(OH)2CO3 19. NaNH4SO4
1. (NH4)2CO3: ammonium carbonate 2. N2O: nitrogen(Ⅰ) oxide; nitrous oxide ; laughing gas 3. H2SO4: sulphuric acid 4. P4O6 diphosphorus trioxide 5. Al2O3 Aluminum oxide 6. SnCl4 tin(Ⅳ) chloride; stannic chloride; tin terachloride 7. KHSO4 Potassium hydrogen sulfate 8. Cu2S copper(I) sulphide; dicopper sulphide 9. HClO4 perchloric acid
含氧酸及其盐:
(1) 基本元素仅有一种氧化态
酸:基本元素加后缀-ic +acid 例:H2CO3 carbonic acid 盐:阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate 例:Na2CO3 sodium carbonate (2) 基本元素有两种氧化态 酸:基础元素加后缀(-ous 低价态,-ic 高价态) + acid HNO2:nitrous acid HNO3: nitric acid 盐:阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀( -ite低价态,-ate 高价态) NaNO2: Co(NO3)2: sodium nitrite cobalt(II) nitrate or cobaltous nitrate
应用化学专业英语 -化合物命名

樊海梅
LOGO
有机化合物的命名
链 烃
饱和烃:烷烃 不饱和烃:烯烃,炔烃 脂环烃 芳香烃
烃
有 机 物
环 烃
卤代烃
烃 的 衍 生 物
醇
含 氧 衍 生 物
酚 醛 酮 羧酸
酯等
烷烃(alkanes) 直链烷烃:英文名称除了含1到4个碳原子以外,其余均用希腊
90 alkane:nonacontane
100 alkane:hectane
含支链烷烃和烷基 烷基:只需要把烷烃的后缀ane换成-yl加在相应烷烃的字 首后 如:CH3- methyl CH3-CH2- ethyl CH3-(CH2)9-CH2 undecyl
还有一些烷基也可以在相应的烃名前加iso-(异)、sec-仲、tert-叔、
和拉丁文的数词加上相应的词尾来命名(烷烃:ane;烯烃: ene;炔 烃:yne),10个碳原子以上的则在数词前加前缀un、do、 tri、 tetra、 penta等。 例如:甲烷:methane 乙烷:ethane 丙烷:propane 丁烷:butane 庚烷:heptane 癸烷:decane 具体来说:11~19:数字前缀-decane 十一烷:undecane 十二烷:dodecane 十三烷:tridecane 十四烷:tetradecane 戊烷:pentane 己烷:hexane 辛烷:octane 壬烷:nonane
丁二烯 butadiene
丁三烯 butatriene
同时还有双键和三键的烷类成为烯炔,命名时烯在前,炔在后, 双键的编号写在前面,三键的定位号写在表示炔烃词尾前
CH3-CH=CH-C ≡ CH
应用化学专业英语词汇

Toxic chemicals:有毒化学品Chemical pollution:化学污染Physical property :物性Natural changes: 自然变化Scientific fields:科学领域Isolate:分离Determine:测定Synthesize:合成Fundamental principles:基本原理Investigation:研究Utilize:利用化学式书写的基本规则如何写化学式命名化合物二元化合物:氧化物,盐,酸(1)阴离子元素加后缀–ide(2)多价态元素加前缀:mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-(3)低价氧化态后缀–ous,高价氧化态后缀–ic氧化物盐酸:基础元素(前缀hydro-, 后缀-ic)+ acid氢氧化物(碱):金属元素(价态)+ hydroxide含氧酸及其盐(1)基本元素仅有一种氧化态酸:基础元素加后缀-ic + acid盐:阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate(2)基本元素有二种氧化态酸:基础元素加后缀(-ous低价态,-ic高价态)+ acid盐:阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀(-ite低价态, -ate高价态)(3)基本元素有多种氧化态酸:最低氧化态基础元素(前缀hypo-, 后缀-ous)+ acid较低氧化态基础元素加后缀-ous+ acid较高氧化态基础元素加后缀-ic + acid最高氧化态基础元素(前缀per-, 后缀-ic)+ acid盐:最低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素(前缀hypo-, 后缀-ite)较低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ite较高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ate最高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素(前缀per-, 后缀-ate)不同水分子含量的酸较低水含量前缀meta-较高水含量前缀ortho-不同基本元素形成的酸前缀di-, pyro-含硫的酸:源于含氧酸中的氧被硫取代,使用前缀thio-含氢盐(酸式盐):源于含有1个以上氢原子酸中的氢原子被金属离子取代,形成酸式盐,氢原子以及金属离子使用前缀di-, (bi-),tri-配位化合物的命名阳离子+ [ 配体及中心原子] (氧化数)Chemical formulas:化学式anion: 阴离子Oxidation number:氧化值sulphate: 硫酸盐Sodium:钠cation: 阳离子Covalent bond:共价键electroneutral: 电中性的Electronegative atom:电负性原子mono-一Hydrogen: 氢di-二Hydrides: 氢化物tri-三Oxidation:氧化tetra- 四前缀Peroxides:过氧化物penta-五Superoxide:超氧化物hexa-六Positive:正oxidation state:氧化态Periodic table:周期表trivial names:俗名Noble gases: 惰性气sulphide: 硫化物Transition elements:过渡元素hydroxides:氢氧化物Ion: 离子caustic soda solution:苛性钠溶液Combining capacity:结合能力phosphorus: 磷Coordination (complex) compound: 配位化合物vacant orbital:空轨道Unshared pair of electrons:未共用电子对Ethene:乙烯Propene:丙烯butene :丁烯Single bond:单键double bond:双键triple bond:三键Benzene:苯Symmetrical:对称的Naphthalene: 萘functional group :官能团hydroxyl :羟基Carbohydrates: 碳水化合物,糖类Sucrose: 蔗糖glucose :葡萄糖alcohols:醇ether:醚ketone:酮aldehyde:醛fatty acids:脂肪酸esters:酯diethyl :二乙基hexagonal :六边的Formaldehyde: 甲醛methyl :甲基acetate :醋酸盐pentagonal :五边形的amines :胺类ammonia :氨amino acid :氨基酸methylamine :甲胺glycine :甘氨酸vitamin :维生素chlorophyll :叶绿素alkali :碱enzyme :酶-ane:-烷-ene:烯-yne:炔cyclo-:环-Meth-:甲eth-:乙propyl-:丙but-:丁Pent(a)-:戊hex-:己hepta-:庚oct-:辛non-:壬deca-:葵skeleton:骨架-yl: (烷)基methyl:甲基ethyl:乙基alkyl :烷基side chains: 侧链substituent:取代基cis and trans isomers :顺式和反式异构体enantiomers :对映异构体di-:二tri- : 三tetra- : 四penta-: 五straight-chain:直链iso-:异primary carbon:伯碳secondary carbon:仲碳tertiary carbon:叔碳allyl :烯丙基methylene :亚甲基ethylidene :亚乙基Ethylene:次乙基hybridization :杂化cycloalkane :环烷alkene :烯烃geometric isomer:几何异构体chiral carbon:手性碳clockwise direction:顺时针方向counterclockwise direction :逆时针方向Glyceraldehyde:甘油醛substitution reaction :取代反应nucleophilic substitution:亲核取代nucleophile :亲核试剂dissociate :离解carbocation :碳正离子Intermediate:中间体substrate :底物leaving group :离去基团electrophilic substitution:亲电取代carbanion :碳负离子addition reaction :加成反应addition product:加成物attacking reagent:进攻试剂free radical:自由基migration:移动elimination reaction:消去反应adjacent carbon:相邻碳rearrangement reaction:重排反应酸酐acid anhydride 酸性化物acid halide乙醇alcohol 乙醛aldehyde脂肪族aliphatic 烷烃alkane烯烃alkene 醇盐alkoxide烷基alkyl 炔烃alkyne烯丙基allyl 氨基化合物amide胺amine 氨基酸amino acid氨(络)合物ammine 芳烃arene芳香环aromatic ring 芳基aryl含氮的azo 羰基carbonyl羧酸carboxylic acid 胡萝卜素carotene螯合物chelate 手性chiral构象异构体conformer 配位数coordination number晶体场稳定化能crystal filed splitting energy右旋性的dextrorotary重氮化作用diazonium salt二氯甲烷dichloromethane 酯ester脂肪酸fatty acid 自由基free radical官能团functional group 甘油glycerol杂环的heterocyclic 高自旋配合物high spin complex 同系物homolog 烃hydrocarbon诱导效应inductive effect 酮ketone左旋的levorotatory 配体ligand低自旋配合物low spin complex 甲基methyl分子筛molecular sieve 单齿配位物monodentate辛烷octane 旋光性optical activity石蜡paraffin 苯酚phenol苯基Phenyl 多配位基的polydentate聚合物Polymer 丙烷propane外消旋的Racemic 共振效应resonance effect过氧化物superoxide互变异构体tautomer薄层分析法thin layer chromatography甘油三(酸)酯triglyceride不饱和化合物unsaturated compound水煤气water gas两性离子zwitterionbeaker 烧杯phenolphthalein indicator 酚酞指示剂Pipette 移液管acetic acid 醋酸pH meter pH计standard titration curve 标准滴定曲线benzoic acid 苯甲酸ethyl alcohol 乙醇qualitative organic analysis 定性有机分析Unambiguous 明确的characterize 表征structure determination 结构测定bunsen burners 煤气喷灯tripod supports 三角支架wash bottles 洗瓶dropper 滴管transfer pipette 移液管hot plate 轻便电炉wire gauzes 石棉网test tube brush 试管刷test tube rack 试管架ring stand with rings 带环环架filter paper 滤纸utility clamp 铁试管夹clamp holder 夹柄buret clamp 滴定管夹extension clamp 万能夹ring clamp 环形夹子pinchcock 弹簧夹pinch clamp 弹簧节流夹tubing clamp 管夹hose clamp 软管夹test tube clamp 试管夹cork borer set木塞钻孔器套件cork stopper 软木塞rubber stopper 橡胶塞laboratory jack 实验升降台spatulas 刮刀beaker tongs 烧杯钳crucible tongs 坩埚钳Forceps 医用钳tweezer 镊子watch glasses 表面皿goggles 护目镜carbon stirring rod 碳搅拌棒fume hoods 通风橱capillary melting point tube 毛细管熔点管Caliper 卡尺table balance 托盘天平analytical balance 分析天平top pan balance 市秤magnetic stirrers 电磁搅拌器Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计celsius 摄氏度bulb pipettor 球形移液器magnetic stir bar 磁搅拌子Mortars 碾钵pestles 捣锤spotting plates 滴试板alcohol lamp 酒精灯Spectrophotometers 分光光度计connection tube 连接管rubber tube 橡皮管adapter 接合器Socket 套接口ball joint 球形接头Stopper 塞子adaptor 转接口splash heads 防溅头thermometer pocket温度计插孔air leak tube 空气渗漏管distill head 蒸馏头melting point tube 熔点管burettes 滴管Stopcock 活塞aspirating stopcock 吸气式移液管measuring cylinder 量筒volumetric flask 容量瓶centrifuge tube 离心管graduated 有刻度的chromatography colum 层析柱filter funnel 过滤漏斗pressure equalizing funnel 均压漏斗powder funnel 药粉漏斗separating funnel 分液漏斗dropping funnel 滴液漏斗rotary evaporator 旋转蒸发仪spectrophotometer 分光光度计crystallizing dishes with spout 带喷嘴的结晶皿petri dishes 培养皿evaporating dishes 蒸发皿drying tube 干燥管condenser 冷凝管Reflux 回流erlenmeyer flask 锥形烧瓶round bottom flask 圆底烧瓶flat bottom flask 平底烧瓶distillation flask 蒸馏烧瓶filtration flask 过滤瓶round bottom flask 圆底烧瓶weighing bottles 称量瓶reagent bottle 试剂瓶aspirator bottle 蒸馏水瓶BOD bottle 生化需氧量瓶dropping bottle 滴瓶specific gravity bottle 比重瓶glass desiccator 玻璃干燥器Beaker 烧杯extractor 萃取器dry tower 干燥塔vaccume dessicator 真空干燥器gas washing bottle 气泡吸收瓶distilling receiver 蒸馏接收器。
化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名二

的最后一个字母e,加上后缀 “ol”
2、醇- Alcohols
Systematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.
官能团化合物
卤代烃-Alkyl halides
醇- Alcohols 硫醇-Thiols 醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM)
醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
官能团化合物
环氧化合物-Epoxides
CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-Omethoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy C5H11OC6H13Osuffix: -yloxy pentyloxy hexyloxy
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name
CH3OCH2CH2OCH3 1,2-dimethoxyethane
OH HO-C-C-C-OH
2、醇- Alcohols
OH CH H3C CH3
2-propanol isopropanol
2、醇- Alcohols
CH3 CH H3C CH2 C3H7 CH CH CH3 OH
Cl Cl
5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanol
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ClO3BrO3IO3NO3PO43SO42CO32-
ClO4ClO3ClO2ClOCrO42Cr2O72MnO4C2H3O2CNOHO22-
perchlorate ion chlorate ion chlorite ion hypochlorite ion
Chromate Dichromate Permanganate Acetate Cyanide Hydroxide Peroxide
• • •
不饱和醛:-enal H2C=CH-CHO: propenal CHO-CH=(CH3)CCH2CH2CH=C(CH3)CHO 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal. 酮(Ketones)酮作母体: -one 丙酮-2-propanone; 4-甲基-3-己酮-4-methyl-3-hexanone 2-甲基-环己酮-2-methyl-cyclohexanone
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• 烷烃(Alkanes):-ane 甲烷-methane, 乙烷-ethane, 己烷-hexane • 烷烃基(烷基-alkyl) 方法:删去-ane,加上-yl; 如甲基:methyl; 乙基:ethyl; 正丁基:n-butyl ; 异丙基:iso-propyl; (n-: normol, 正;iso-:异;neo-:新) 命名原则 • alphabetical order 3-ethyl-3-methyl-pentane • 表示相同的基团数 • 3,3-dimethyl-pentane ( 2:di-, 3:tri- , 4:tetre-, 5:penta-; 6:hexa…….) • 在字母序中不考虑表示数字的字.
Nomenclature of Derivative
• 醛(Aldehydes):-al CH3CH2CHO: propanal; (CH3)2CHCH2CHO: 3-methylbutanal; CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO: 2-methylbutanal 苯甲醛-benzaldehyde(俗名)
醚(Ethers) • 烷烃为母链,烷氧基为取代基(OR), 烷氧基的命名:数字前缀加 oxy, 如甲氧基: methoxy; 乙氧基 ethoxy; C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-propoxybutane. • 氧两边的烷基为取代基,醚作母链: 丙基丁基醚-propyl butyl ether 特例: 乙醚- CH3CH2OCH2CH3: diethyl ether, ethyl ether, ether
• 酰卤(Acid halides) -oyl 乙酰氯:CH3COCl ethanoyl chloride (acetyl chloride) 苯甲酰溴: benzoyl bromide (benzene) 酰胺:乙酰胺:acetamide
Nomenclature of Derivative
• 酯(Esters)
Functional group -COOH -CHO -CO-OH -NH2 -SH Suffix if higher precedence -oic -al -one -ol -amine -thiol Decreasing ↓ precedence oxooxohydroxylaminmercaptoPrefix if lower precedence
卤化物
氯化物: chloride (chlorine) 氟化物:fluoride (fluorine) 溴化物:bromide (bromine) 碘化物:iodide (iodine)
Chlorate Bromate Iodate Nitrate Phosphate Sulfate Carbonate
Prefixes mono- or monditritetra- or tetrpenta- or pent-
Number of Atoms 1
2 3 4 5
hexahepta-
6
7
octanonadeca-
8
9 10
Unit Two Inorganic Chemistry
Lesson One The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
Naming Binary Compounds of Nonmetals
• 氧化物: oxide (oxygen); • 氮化物: nitride (nitrogen) ; •五氧化二磷:diphosphoric pentoxide; •氧化二氮: dinitrogen oxide •五氧化二氮: dinitrogen pentoxide
Nomenclature of Chemical substance
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts: --a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain; -- the ending that indicates the species
Nomenclature of Derivative
• • • 胺(Amines) 以胺为母体-amine; 乙胺-ethylamine; 丙胺-propylamine 以胺为取代基:amino-;乙胺-aminoethane; 丙胺-aminopropane (CH3)2CHCH2CH2NH2-1-amino-3-methylbutane (isopentylamine) CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2NHCH3-N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentane NH2(CH2)6NH2 -1,6-diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamino) • 如有几个取代基,胺基作amino-;4-胺基苯酚-4-aminophenol. • 苯胺:aniline;4-氯-苯胺-4-chloroaniline (p-chloroaniline) • 四甲基氢氧化铵:Tetramethylammonium hydroxide • 三甲基戊基碘化铵 trimethylpentylammonium iodide
Nomenclature of Derivative
• 醇(Alcohols):-ol
乙醇-ethanol, 异丙醇-iso-propanol, HOCH2CH2OH: 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol); CH3CH(OH)CH2OH: 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol); HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH: 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol).
•
Nomenclature of Derivative
• • 羧酸 (Carboxylic acid) 饱和酸:-anoic acid 甲酸-methanoic acid (俗名:formic acid); 乙酸-ethanoic acid (俗名:acetic acid) 3-甲基-丁酸-3-methyl-butanoic acid 不饱和酸: -enoic acid 丙烯酸-2-propenoic acid; 3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid 5-羟基-己酸- 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid 5-羰基-己酸-5-oxo-hexanoic acid 二羧酸:-dioic acid 柠檬酸-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (citric acid)
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• 烯烃 (Alkenes):-ene 乙烯-ethene;丙稀-propene;戊烯-pentene. 双键的位置:2-pentene;2-methyl-2-pentene. 1,3-丁二烯-1,3-butadiene • 烯烃基(alkylene) • 乙烯基:vinyl 氯乙烯-vinyl chloride • 炔烃(Alkynes):-yne 乙炔-ethyne 丙炔-propyne; 4-甲基-2-己炔-4-methyl-2-hexyne
•
•
酸酐 (Acid anhydrides): oic anhydride 乙酸酐-ethanoic anhydride (acetic anhydride)
Nomenclature of Derivative
The order of precedence of serval functional group
The examples of derivation of names of esters
Structural formula CH3CO2C2H5 C6H5COOCH(CH3) 2 (CH2COOC2H5)2 Alkyl group attached to oxygen ethyl isopropyl diethyl Name of carboxylic acid ethanoic acid (acetic acid) benzoic acid butanedioic acid Name of ester ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) isopropyl benzoate diethyl butanedioate
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• Prefixs used in the IUPAC system to indicate one to 20 carbon atoms in a chain