(考试必备)上海市普陀区2011届高三第一次质量调研语文
上海市普陀区届高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷
普陀区2011学年度高三年级第一次质量调研（语文试卷）2011.12 考生注意：1.本试卷满分为150分，其中阅读部分80分，写作部分70分，考试时间150分钟。
2.学生答题全部做在答题纸上。
3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
阅读部分（80分）一、阅读下面的文章，完成1-6题（17分）“文学花盆”铁凝①我喜欢鲜花和植物，即便不逢节日，每年也总有一些时候到花卉市场去买花，给自己，或送朋友。
北京有很多大型的花卉市场，我常去的那几家，由盆栽植物列成的长龙似的一排排通道一眼望不到头，常使我觉得就像走进了停靠着许多绿色火车的大站台。
在节日里，这些市场还会增添很多花卉品种，比如现在就有法国人喜爱的郁金香；初夏时节还会有被凡高画过的、同时也是法国国花的鸢尾花，让人感到神奇。
这里我并不想对大家过多介绍花卉市场的热闹、丰富，我注意到的是卖花人和他们手下的商品——花之间的某种关系。
②从前我一直以为，卖花的人因了常年和花朵、植物在一起，面容应该是从容而有生气的，性情也多半会诚朴安静。
但是我在很多时候遇到的卖花人并非如此。
他们［甲］、［乙］、［丙］。
面对你感兴趣的一盆花朵或绿叶植物，他们不耐烦向你介绍这些花朵树木的脾气秉性，只急于那些花的出售。
当你再三追问该如何养护，比如浇水的间隔时间，还有哪些花喜欢日照，哪些花喜欢阴凉等等，他们的回答则经常含混不清，他们会应付、甚至打发你似的说，怎么养都行，怎么浇水都行。
他们一边说着，一边侍弄着手下尚未出售的花。
他们忙着往君子兰肥厚的叶片上涂亮光油，又拿起喷壶往一株名为龙血的树上喷洒叶绿素，接着再给茶花和“仙客来”的盆子里施一点花朵鲜艳剂。
经过几番化学喂养的花朵们果然精神非凡，伸着脖子摇晃着油汪汪的头，呈现出某种突击出来的不自然的亢奋③很多次，我买回家去的盆栽花或者树，一个月内就死了。
而那些卖花人曾经告诉我，这些木本的植物可以一年年地活下去。
还有一盆名叫瑞典口红的吊兰，柔韧的枝条上缀满毛茸茸的绿叶，卖花人让我耐心等待绿叶中“口红”(小红花)的绽放，但此花买回家不出7天就已故去。
普陀区2011[1].4答案
![普陀区2011[1].4答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2983bc3a376baf1ffc4fad57.png)
参考答案及评分标准阅读80分一、1．是衡量百姓幸福感的标准。
（或：民众主观生活质量的标准）（2分）2．D（2分）3．研究幸福指数在当今社会的意义以及所谓幸福感的内涵与内容构成。
（4分）4．D．（2分）5．说明幸福指数作为社会评价指标时可能存在的缺陷；指出其评价功能的局限性；使文章更加辩证严谨。
（3分）6．人们的模糊认识可能存在于以下几个方面：把衡量主观幸福感的幸福指数放大成为现实社会的客观写照；将追求GDP的增长与提升幸福指数完全对立；用幸福指数来衡量政府的绩效；用幸福指数来考量个人的政绩；追求幸福指数的无限增长；用一成不变的指标作为幸福指数的构成依据。
（3分。
写出其中一条得2分，写出2条得满分。
）二、7．表现了作者关注灾情，心系灾区的心情。
（2分）8．带有很浓感情色彩的纪念物。
（2分）9．C（2分）10．表现母亲爱子情深，点出丈夫对这件棉袄无比珍爱的原因。
（2分）11．D、F（4分）12．反复。
凸现“新里新面新棉花”中凝聚的深情，表现珍视和难以割舍。
（3分）13．看到捐献者对灾区的一片真情厚意。
（2分）14．从内容呈现看：作者把那些旧衣物比作“老照片”，于是通过联想，将这些图景一一呈现于读者眼前。
联想拓展了文章的内容。
从感情的脉络看：作者由一件“新里新面新棉花”的旧棉袄牵出陈年往事，揭示出“念想儿”中蕴含的丰富而深厚的情感，使文章的情感内蕴不仅仅停留在关注灾区，心系灾民这个单一的层面。
正是因为联想，文中不仅有对亲情的感怀，甚至隐含着对某一段特定历史的控诉和反思。
联想丰富了文章的情感。
从主旨的表现看，能成为“念想儿”的事物，正是因为这些事物能够让人联想起生活中温暖的点点滴滴。
联想呼应了文章的主题。
（4分）三、15．（6分）（1）奉命于危难之间；（2）少长咸集；（3）渌水荡漾清猿啼；（4）凝绝不通声暂歇；（5）水村山郭酒旗风；（6）皓月千里，浮光跃金；（7）茅檐长扫静无苔；（8）小楫轻舟四、16．五岳至尊（五岳之首）（1分）17．D（2分）18．同意浦起龙的观点。
上海普陀区2011届高三下学期质量调研试题
上海市普陀区2010-2011学年度高三第二学期质量调研化学试卷2011.4本试卷分为第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
全卷共9页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟第I卷（共66分）考生注意：1、答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、学生考试编号，并用2B铅笔正确涂写学生考试编号。
2、第I卷（1—22小题），由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。
注意答题纸编号和试题题号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
相对原子质量：H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 F－19 Cl－35.5 Xe—131 Co—59一、选择题：（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卡上。
）1．下列有机物的化学式与名称对应正确的是A．石碳酸B．TNTC．HCHO蚁醛D．CH2BrCH2Br 二溴乙烷2．通常依据物质的组成或性质对物质进行分类。
下列物质只按组成分类的是A．KAl(SO4)2是复盐、硫酸盐B．HClO是一元酸、不稳定酸C．Al2O3是金属氧化物、两性氧化物D．Mg(OH)2是二元碱、难溶性碱3．下列化学用语或表达式正确的是A．Na＋的电子排布式：1s22s22p63p1B．二氧化碳的电子式：C．N原子最外层轨道表示式：D．钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀的正极反应式：O2＋2H2O＋4e → 4OH－4．“结构决定性质”，有关物质结构的下列说法中正确的是A．碘熔化时一定破坏了化学键B．共价化合物不一定是电解质C．干冰晶体内存在非极性键与范德华力D．液态氟化氢中存在氢键，故氟化氢比氯化氢更稳定5．生活、科技、社会活动中，不正确的说法有A．石墨可用作原子核反应堆的电极材料和慢化剂等B．雨水的pＨ值一般小于7C．Cl2、O3、ClO2、皆可用作饮用水的消毒剂D．AgI和干冰都可用于人工降雨二、选择题：（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卡上。
上海市普陀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末质量监控(一模)语文试题 附答案
2022学年度普陀区高三年级第一次质量调研（语文试卷）2022.12考生注意：1．试卷满分为150分，其中阅读部分80分，写作部分70分，考试时间为150分钟。
2．学生答题全部做在答题纸上。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一积累运用（10分）1. 按题目要求填空。
（5分）（1）谢公宿处今尚在，。
（李白《梦游天姥吟留别》）（1分）（2），先治其国。
（《·大学》）。
（2分）（3）《短歌行》中，诗人想象贤才屈驾前来归附自己的诗句是“，”。
（2分）2. 按题目要求选择。
（5分）（1）以下体现横暴权力的一项是（）。
（2分）A. 家长教训不懂规矩的孩子B. 合同违约时要求对方赔偿C. 封建君主对百姓提高赋税D. 在图书馆里禁止大声喧哗（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯．．．．的一项是（）。
（3分）中国的科幻文学，。
，，。
①不断将人类抛入陌生化的世界中②它以丰富的想象力消解科学的枯燥与晦涩③以颠覆传统文学的方式赓续中国文学传统的使命④迫使读者从异于日常生活的角度观察和思考世界A.④②③①B. ③②①④C. ①②④③D. ②③④①二阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成3—7题（16分）材料一①艺术创作是一个极为复杂精微的精神性生产劳动过程。
一般认为，艺术创作过程可以划分为艺术体验、艺术构思和艺术传达三个阶段。
艺术家从先于主体的客观世界的体验中获得创作欲望，然后对客观世界进行选择、提炼和加工，在脑海中形成主客渗透、情景交融的“意象”，这便是体验和构思的阶段。
②然而，艺术创作真正的困难在于，无论艺术家在艺术体验和艺术构思阶段怎么样进行海阔天空式的想象，但从根本上说，艺术家若是不把他的所思所想通过具体的艺术语言凝定成艺术作品，则这一切还都是空的。
正如雷诺阿说的，“一个人是在一幅画面前，而不是在一片美景面前立志要当画家的。
”这里所提到的“艺术语言”，指的是构成艺术形象的物质材料媒介或艺术表现手段。
上海市普陀区高考一模语文试题及答案
上海市普陀区高考一模语文试题及答案写作（70分）27．根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
不要写成诗歌。
一根纤细的毛发，放在手掌上不会有什么感觉；但若是落在眼睛里，就会痛苦万分。
答案要点及评分标准阅读80分一、1．A2．手舞足蹈、诗以言志3．该句将“诗”比喻为“一缕不灭的曙光”，以看似微弱却能破除黑暗的“一缕曙光”来体现诗对文明的启蒙，以曙光的“不灭”来强调诗贯穿整个中国文化史的意义，化抽象为形象，用物象鲜明而又意味崇高的喻体展现出作者对诗歌价值的推崇。
4．（1）帮助人类释放焦虑，摆脱蒙昧（2）帮助诗人宣泄情绪，超越世俗（3）面对脆弱的个体自我5．D6．C7．对画线句的理解1分，调动积累1分，具体分析2分。
8．（1）陶渊明（2）A（3）角度选择1分，结合文本内容具体分析2分，评价1分。
二、9．名画本该为公众欣赏，《向日葵》却归为私人所藏，令人遗憾。
10．C11．答案示例：作者从形态、色调、布局、位置等多方面入手，描摹生动，尤重神韵。
文中反复突现画面的主色调，即明亮的黄色，写向日葵时用比喻表现其“耀人眼目”，之后一再强调明亮的黄花又“衬在一片明亮亮的黄色阳光里”，色调之浓烈跃然纸上。
此外，作者还反复描述自己对画面的主观感受，将向日葵“孤零零”的形态置于“空荡荡”的背景中，渲染出“凄凉”、“孤清”的意境。
12．梵•高沉醉于色彩世界，因而以浓烈明亮的金黄来传达艺术探索的欢欣；他的艺术追求无人理会，因而画面孤清，令人望之心沉、寂寞。
13．女儿的可爱言行表现出旧时家庭的欢欣，与劳改生涯的凄苦形成鲜明的对比；农家孩子的欢笑喧哗再次引出对女儿此刻生活和心理的联想、想象，孩童天真的欢乐、女儿单纯的憧憬与残酷现实之间的距离更令作者感到痛苦、孤凄。
14．B15．答案示例：作者托物言志，以“向日葵”为线索，将不同阶段的人生感悟联系起来。
文章前半部分着重写购得《向日葵》的过程和对这幅名画的鉴赏感受，后半部分着重写十年动乱被迫劳改时的体验感受，“向日葵”从作者的审美对象发展成为与作者的生活、生命息息相关的精神寄托对象，寄寓了对生活难以泯灭的热爱。
2011学年第一学期普陀区高三期末质量调研考试
普陀区2011学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚，并在规定的区域 内填涂。
答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求涂写，主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2. 本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，共12页。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
3. 考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Much to the disappointment of the neighboring countries, the Japanese government refuses to admit ______ crime they committed in ________ World War II in the history.A. the; theB. /;theC. /; /D. the;/26. Della was shocked not to find her car ________ she had parked it the night before and phoned the police immediatelyA. whereB. whichC. at whichD. around which27. Who would you rather ________the report instead of you?A. have writeB. have to writeC. writeD. have written28. We’ll be free tomorrow, so I suggest ________to the history museum.A. to visitB. visitingC. we should visitD. a visit29. The most serious problem _______ our teachers is how to send more students to topuniversities.A. facedB. facingC. to face toD. facing to30. The old man had expected to see all his children when in hospital ,but ________came to seehim.A. noneB. no oneC. someoneD. anyone31. In the early days there were not __________as many women migrant as there were males , so many of the men remained bachelors (单身汗)A. almostB. nearlyC. hardlyD. likely32.________these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination..A. Even thoughB. AsC. In spite ofD. While33. Advertisem ents have become part of our everyday life and so it’s important that everyone of us _________ ourselves about them to avoid being fooled by them．A．be educated B．educates C．educate D．is to educate34. Living near the sea ,______________A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight. B healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight35. Although parents seem ____ good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with life’s difficulties.A. givenB. givingC. to be givenD. to be giving36. Until now, talking giraffes have starred in cartoons, but never ____ making a sound in real life.A. have they heardB. have they been heardC. have heard theyD. they have been heard37. It is not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony ______ really matters.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that38. Mr Wang made up his mind to devote all he could＿＿his oral English before going abroad.A. improveB. to improveC. improvingD. to improving39. We should do more such exercises in the future，I think，_____ those we did yesterday.A. asB. likeC. aboutD. than40. How the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank ________ they are paid on time.A．as well as B．as soon as C．as long as D．as far asSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.ExactlyB. requires C .forced D. fiercely E. comfortF. elegantG.releasedH. arguedI. relatesJ. opinionsWhen Michael Wong was young, he was sensitive and shy. It was a huge task for him to talk toa stranger or go downstairs to the shops. But he found ___41___ through playing the piano.Recently, the Malaysian piano star ___42___ his latest album Never Apart. It’s made up of ten catchy (动听的) songs including the title song with the same name. Never Apart tells the story of a couple who are ___43___ to separate for a while, but they still cherish(珍藏) the beautiful memories they had.―Music sounds better when it ___44___ to true feelings,‖ he says.Now, Michael has grown up to be one of the most popular singers in Taiwan. His slow love songs including First Time and Fairytale are hits with heartbroken young people.Over the years, he has become bolder and learnt to voice ___45___ in his music. Once, he was asked to sing a song someone else wrote. But he didn’t like the song lyrics（歌词）, so he ___46___ they should be changed. ―If I broke up with someone, I don’t think I would have reacted in the same way as the story in the song,‖ he said. ―I want to tell people ___47___ how I will behave.‖ And it works. He says the song sounds better when he can sing it his own way.Michael is often called the piano prince. He’s ___48___ when he plays and sings along. ―WhenI play, inspirations rush to me like continuous streams. It ___49___ no effort.‖ But he still works hard to make his songs appea ling. ―I’ll go over every tiny detail to make the song worth listening to.‖(286 words)III. Reading comprehension:Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.One day, Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework: homework on happiness. Her pupils would be ―happiness 50 ‖, and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them. As part of their homework, all the students did really51 , wonderful things, but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone 52 . Several days afterthe homework had been handed out, Carla turned up carrying a big bag.―Here in this bag I have all the happiness I’ve collected so far,‖ she said 53 .On seeing this, everyone was filled with 54 , but Carla didn’t want to show anyone what was in the bag. Instead, she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher. When Miss Ellis had taken the box, Carla took a (n) 55 camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready.―Open it, Miss Ellis.‖The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside. A big smile 56 on her face, and at that moment Carla took a photo, C arla’s photo came out of the camera immediately, and she 57 it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper. The teacher read the paper in silence, and when she, had finished, she gestured at the 58 .―Oh, so it’s…‖―Yes!‖59 Carla, opening the b ag. ―It’s a great big pile of smiles!‖She opened the bag and photos of different 60 fell out.The rest of the class tried to 61 how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness. All there in the box was a photo of a big smile. But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted（传送）to them, and in return, without 62 , every person 63 with a smile of their own.She managed to 64 understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world.50. A. explorers B. instructors C. players D. collectors51. A. regretful B. delightful C. stressful D. thankful52. A. surprised B. satisfied C. annoyed D. depressed53.A. disappointedly B. sadly C. amazedly D. smilingly54. A. astonishment B. kindness C. expectation D. pride55 A. expensive B. old – fashioned C. instant D. good-looking56. A. disappeared B. froze C. faded D. shone57. A. offered B. sold C. packed D. paid58. A. box B. bag C. camera D. pocket59. A. added B. questioned C. replied D. interrupted60. A. smiles B. teachers C. ceremonies D. friends61. A. try out B. focus on C. decide on D. figure out62. A. imagination B. expression C. hesitation D. reason63. A. responded B. refused C. demanded D. proved64. A. hide B. correct C. appreciate D. spreadSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states—at least in getting people off welfare. It’s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past tow years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent—twice the national average.For advocates (代言人) for the poor, that’s an indication much more needs to be done.―More people are getting jobs, but it’s not making their lives any better,‖ says Ka thy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.―Welfare was a poiso n. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family,‖ says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. ―The reform in changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It’s beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important.‖Mr. Rector and others argued that once ―the habit of dependency is cracked,‖ then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.65. From the passage, it can be seen that the author ________.A) believes the reform has reduced the government’s burdenB) insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC) is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful66. Why aren’t people en joying better lives when they have jobs?A) Because many families are divorced. B) Because government aid is now rare.C) Because their wages are low. D) Because the cost of living is rising.67. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at ________.A) saving welfare funds B) rebuilding the work ethicC) providing more jobs D) cutting government expenses68. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, ________.A) the poverty rate was lover B) average living standards were higherC) the average worker was paid higher wages D) the poor used to rely on government aid (B)According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-age college freshmen are ―more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)‖ than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective ―is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.‖ It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the ―altruistic‖ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic.It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employerout of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): ―Miss Baxter,‖ he says, ―could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?‖From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.69. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense70. The students’ criteria for selecting majo rs today have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.(C)Brazil has become one of the developing world's great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than design. (2) While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazil's population growth rate has dropped from 2.99％a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93％a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities."Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values—not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine. "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attractive package."Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Martine.72.According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth_______.A) by educating its citizens B) by careful family panningC) by developing TV programmes D) by chance73.The phrase "puts it down to" (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to "_______"A) attributes it to B) sums it up asC) finds it a reason for D) compares it to74.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because_______.A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB) they have gradually changed people’s way of lifeC) people are drawn to their attractive packageD) they popularize birth control measures75.What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s po pulation growth?A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.D) A country’s production is limited by its popu lation growth.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Wok comprises pleasureB. The growth of interested is a long processC. A happy man ought to have some real hobbiesD. Every hobby does not suit youE. What the commanding people can do?F. Industrious men are divided into two classes76.The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must by carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.77.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.78.It is no use offering the manual laborer, tiered out with a hard work week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politicianor the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.79.As for the people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.80.First, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.Section DDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Five years ago，David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day．―I was a clothe s addict，‖he jokes．―I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled．‖Today David wears casual clothes— khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office．He hardly ever wears a necktie．―I’m working harder than ever，‖Davi d says，―and I need to feel comfortable．‖More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work．In the United States，the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual．In the early 1990s，many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday（but only on Friday）．This became known as―dress-down Friday‖or―casual Friday．‖―What started outas an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing，‖said business consultant Maisly Jones．Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes？One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code．―A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work，‖ s ays the owner of a software company，―so it's hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code．‖Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes．In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company，85percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale．Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity．Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money．―Suits are expensive，if you have to wear one every day，‖one person said．―For the same amount of money，you can buy a lot more casual clothes．‖81．Why David Smith refers to himself as having been―a clothes addict? ________________ ．82．David Smith wears casual clothes now，because_______________________________．83.The majority of the employers said casual dress_____________________________________84. According to this passage，what does it mean by a conservative dress code?______________________________________________________________第II 卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们再出发旅行前先要预定好机票和宾馆房间。
2024届上海市普陀区高三第一次质量调研考试语文试题
2024届上海市普陀区高三第一次质量调研考试语文试题一、名篇名句默写1．按题目要求填空。
（1）试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大，比权量力，。
（贾谊《过秦论》）（2），天下归心。
（曹操《》）。
（3）《赤壁赋》中描写了月出之前苏轼与客泛舟游赤壁所见到的景象，即“ ，”。
二、语言文字运用2．按题目要求选择。
(1)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）进行文献筛选，，。
研究者通过初步浏览，；然后，从中提取出自身课题研究所需要的信息。
①对搜索来的文献的价值进行评估、分类并筛选①是为了根据课题研究的目标和内容①对筛选出来的、具有较高价值的文献进行精读①选择符合要求的文献类型和文献篇目A．①①①①B．①①①①C．①①①①D．①①①①(2)小明将代表校文学社，和社团特邀嘉宾王教授进行微信沟通，以下是他草拟的一部分内容，其中有一处画线部分语言表达不得体，请帮他找出并修改。
王教授您好！很抱歉，【甲】之前邀请您下周六光临我校，【乙】为我们文学社成员指点迷津，【丙】现在因为和市级辩论赛时间冲突，【丁】我们决定把这个活动推迟到下个月，特此通知。
……三、现代文阅读阅读以下书籍资料，完成各题。
第1章搭设创新的舞台（节选）①本书的主题是创造力，开篇描述了什么是创造力，然后回顾了历史上富有创造力的人们工作和生活的方式，最后，你将明白如何才能让我们的生活与这些富有创造力的人的生活更接近。
②创造力是我们生活意义的核心来源。
第一，大多数有趣的、重要的、人性化的事情都来自创造力。
我们的基因构成中有98％与黑猩猩相同，但语言、价值观、艺术表达、对科学的理解以及对技术的研究让我们与众不同，它们都是个体创造力的结果。
这种创造力受到认可和奖励，并通过学习得以传递。
如果没有创造力，还真的很难区分人类和黑猩猩。
第二，当我们深入创造性活动之中时，会觉得比其他时候过得更充实。
艺术家在画架前或科学家在实验室中所体验到的兴奋，接近于我们希望获得的最理想的自我实现感，这种比自我更宏大的深邃感我们极少能从日常生活中获得，创造力让人生变得更丰富多彩。
上海市普陀区高考语文质量测试卷
上海市普陀区高考语文质量测试卷(时间：150分钟满分：150分)一阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文，完成1—7题。
(17分)①地球上自6亿年前出现动物以来，曾发生过6次“生物物种大灭绝”事件。
除了最为著名的发生在6500万年前的恐龙灭绝事件，规模最大、对生物发展影响最深远的一次发生在2.5亿年前的二叠纪未期。
近日，美国《科学》杂志公布了由中、澳、美、德等国科学家的最新发现：导致2.5亿年前的生物大灭绝事件的“元凶”，极有可能是硫化氢。
②根据化石记录，在寒武纪末期、奥陶纪末期、泥盆纪末期、二叠纪末期、三叠纪末期和白垩纪末期均发生过物种大灭绝事件。
其中，2.5亿年前的二叠纪生物灭绝事件是规模最大、涉及生物类群最多、影响最深远的一次。
研究表明：二叠纪未期，陆生生物大约70％的科未能摆脱灭绝的命运：海洋中则至少有90％以上的物种在这一时期消失。
在陆地上超过3/4的脊椎动物消失了，蜥蜴类、两栖类、兽孔目爬行类也急剧衰落。
繁盛于古生代早期的三叶虫、四射珊瑚、横板珊瑚、蜓类有孔虫以及海百合等全部绝灭，腕足动物、菊石、棘皮动物、苔藓虫等也遭受严重的打击。
在这次大灭绝中，整个地球生态系统也彻底更新，成为地球历史从古生代向中生代转折的里程碑。
其发生原因，科学界曾经提出过种种猜测，有的认为是超大规模火山爆发或者海平面的下降导致，有的认为是由于彗星、小行星等天体对地球的撞击，但是各种说法一直以来都未有充分证据证明，大灭绝的原因一直是个谜。
③2003年，一个由中、美、德、澳等国科学家组成的小组开始对二叠纪生物物种大灭绝的成因进行研究。
澳大利亚科学家葛瑞斯在从帕斯盆地提取的岩芯样品中发现了来自于绿硫细菌特征的分子化石。
绿硫细菌是一种适合生存于厌氧、硫化氢丰富的透光带环境中的自养型菌类，能利用硫化氢、单质硫等进行光合作用。
他们并且发现，岩石中的碳、硫同位素、铁离子丰度等都出现异常变化，由此推断出生物大灭绝期间帕斯盆地一带的海区严重缺氧和水体富含硫化物，现在唯一和当时情况类似的地区就是死海。
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上海市普陀区2011届高三年级第一次质量调研语文试题考生注意1．本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为150分钟2．学生答题全部做在答题纸上3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位阅读部分（80分）一、阅读下面的文章，完成1-6题（16分）（1）随着世界平坦化的进程迅速加快，很多人也产生了相当的忧虑，担心“全球化即美国化”。
这样的担心并不是没有原因，因为全球各地充斥着美国制造商和服务提供商．美国的品牌和美国的电影制作人．美国的歌星和美国的演员．美国的服装设计师和美国的快餐连锁店。
他们在世界平坦化的过程中占据着最好的有利位臵，是第一个尝到甜头的人。
他们不可避免地会利用平坦的世界推销美国文化，不管当地独特的服装．语言．食物或音乐多么顽强地固守自己的风格，最后人们还是会担心，自己的文化传统可能被轻易地侵蚀。
在这场旷日持久的斗争中，美国文化似乎注定要获得胜利。
全球化长了一张美国面孔，有着一幅美国神情，充满1了美国味道。
（2）所有这些变化将以“美国文化帝国主义”的形式对全球化产生影响。
世界上的很多人声称，［甲］我们认真采取措施加强保护本土文化和自然环境，［乙］美国式的全球化将在未来数十年内消灭全世界花费数百亿年才进化形成的文化．生态和动物的多样性。
（3）然而，就文化来说，我们有理由相信，世界平坦化进程不会必然导致各种文化的同化。
实际上，［丙］说平坦世界中的竞争平台能同化各种文化，［丁］说其导致世界以一种前所未有的程度多样化的潜在能力更为强大。
（4）为什么？主要是因为人们具备“上传”的能力。
“上传”可以使本土文化成为全球化的成份之一。
现在，世界各地的很多人都可以利用工具创造或上传自己独特的东西：本地的新闻报道．自己的观点．自己的音乐．自己的视频．自己的照片．自己的软件．自己的百科全书．自己的字典。
所有这些行为汇集成一种强大的力量，从而保护并加强了本土文化的独有风格。
平坦世界的竞争平台为你提供了把本土文化展现给世界的机会。
这意味着你不再仅局限于下载《米老鼠和唐老鸭》。
你现在可以写自己的歌曲，以你喜欢的语言创作博客，把它放在博客网站上与其他人分享。
你现在还可以用便宜的电脑摄像头和微软操作系统附带的视频编辑软件拍摄和制作视频作品，并上传到网上。
当今世界上最流行的视频不是巨无霸汉堡，而是比萨饼。
什么是比萨？比萨就是在一块面团上撒上各种小食品和调料，各种文化撒的小食品和调料不同，所以可以制造出不同口味的比萨。
比如，日本制作的是寿司比萨，曼谷制作的是泰味比萨，黎巴嫩制作的则是mezze 比萨。
平坦世界的竞争平台就像是制作比萨时的面饼。
它允许各种文化根据自己的爱好调节口味，这种状况将越来越平常。
（5）与此同时，像中国和印度这样的高速成长的发展中国家已经具备了不通过移民就可以进行创新活动的能力。
这意味着本土文化得到保护并发扬光大的机会增加了。
一个年轻的印度工程师不必再在美国驻新德里使馆外排长队，祈求能够获得美国签证。
他或她不必放弃自己的民族服装．民族饮食．民族音乐以及自己的家人孤零零地前往明尼苏达州，以求在美国3M公司获得一个体面的工程师工作。
这对于保护印度本土文化来说是一个好消息。
文化离不开其赖以生存的环境，而越来越多的人在本土就可以幸存于平坦的世界，甚至发展的机会更多。
促使文化多元化与促使文化同化两种力量的角逐中，前者变得更加强大。
（6）而且，即使那些不得不离开自己国家前往西方——尤其是欧洲或美国——的人们，也能够利用平坦的世界保持自己本土文化中的很多特色。
即使他们生活在千里之外的一个完全不同的文化氛围中，他们也能够利用网络读到本国新闻，可以通过网络电话几乎不花费用地与亲人和朋友联络，可以通过网络或卫星电视收看来自开罗和加尔各答的每日新闻（使用阿拉伯语和印地语），保持特色和趋同的两种力量一样强大。
（7）一个偶然的机会，我第一次听到了一位印度出生的专家对“全球化对本土文化的影响”这一问题的见解，他是亚洲传媒通信公司的秘书长英德拉吉特。
班纳吉。
2005年9 月11日，他在接受新加坡《海峡时报》的采访时说：这是一种现象，无论散布在世界何处的人们都会利用当今全球的媒体网络来更多地关注他们本土的新闻．传统和朋友。
他将“本土文化参与的全球化”称为“倒转的全球化”。
除了全球性的媒体覆盖了亚洲，当地的“本土”媒体也正在走向世界。
这种“本土文化参与的全球化”的现象是由于散居在外的亚洲人（尤其是中国与印度的在世界各地的移居者）对于本土新闻与信息的强烈需求而引起的。
（8）当然，全球化过程中的美国化趋势仍然是一股强大的力量。
任何人都不能低估它。
但是，不管怎样，近10多年中，全球化并未必然导致人们逐渐像美国人一样去看．说．唱．跳，以及以美国人的思维方式去思考。
1．文中的人们担心“全球化即美国化”的“原因”可以概括为两点：一是＿＿＿＿＿＿；二是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
（2分）2．文章（2）（3）两段中，“甲”、“乙”、“丙”、“丁”四处应填入的词语依次是（）（2分）A．虽然但是或者或者B．除非否则与其不如C．要么要么非但还能D．不是就是既然所以3．文章第4段中“上传”的意思是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（3分）4．用一个现实中具体的例子来阐述第4段划线句的含义。
（3分）5．下列各项中不符合文意的一项是（）（2分）A．“世界平坦化”即“全球化”，各种文化能够借助平坦世界的交流平台来进行交流展示。
B．民族文化不能离开其生存的环境，因此保护民族文化的最好的方法是将它留在本土。
C．美国文化在全球化的过程中具有强大的影响力，但并不会必然导致世界文化的趋同。
D．“本土文化参与的全球化”是通过走向世界的本土媒体，向世界传播当地文化和信息。
6．概述西文的主要观点及支持该观点的理由（4分）二、阅读下面的文章，完成7-13题（20分）贝壳博物馆黄惟群（1）奈尔森海湾（NELSON BAY）有个“贝壳博物馆”，应该值得去看，特别是孩子。
但我们去时，一看地址，意外发现“博物馆”就在我们临时借住的这条街上。
很是诧异，这街两边都是民房，这两天左进右出很多次，没见有这么个地方呀？车在街上开了个来回，没找到，再开个来回，还是没找到。
没信心了，我将车停路一边，征求家人意见，是放弃还是继续找。
正商量着，儿子的眼睛突然一亮，手指跟着一指，喊道：“看！”（2）跟着他的视线看去，就在我们停车这幢屋前，一块残破的门板斜靠在墙根处，板上歪歪扭扭抹了“MUSEUM”（博物馆）几个红漆大字；再看，左上角还有个小小的．同样歪扭的“SHELL”（贝壳）字样……（3）没什么可疑惑了，却还是疑惑。
（4）这博物馆让人想不起博物馆。
要说与左右民房有什么不同，那就是更小些，更破些，更老式些，而且，不是砖房，是板房。
看手表，离开门还差五分钟。
一家人谁也不说话，相互张望着，等着。
等得疑疑惑惑，不踏实，似乎这幢海边小街上的破旧小屋的门就该这样永远永远地关着。
（5）然而，九点一到，听到动静，很准时。
“叽嘎”一声响，门慢慢的．懒洋洋地开了，开得似没什么信心。
渐渐打开的门缝里，慢吞吞地探出一头白发。
一定没想到屋外已有人，见我们，先一惊，一头白发一颠，跟着往后急促说了句：“已经有人了。
”说完赶紧回过来，把门开大。
老人身后，黑洞洞的门框中，隐隐约约现出张脸，一张拉开了笑的老妇人的脸。
（6）“正好，一分不差。
”我和太太尽量轻松地笑说，一边招呼两个一旁已看得愣了眼的孩子进屋。
（7）这是一般住家的单门，窄窄的，老人侧身让我们进去。
（8）扑面而来的是股让人说不出话的感觉。
“博物馆”是个前居后铺的房间，不过十几平方米。
房屋很简陋，抬头可以直接看到房顶的尖角木梁，看到木梁上盖着的瓦片，以及瓦片上的蜘蛛网。
地上，铺的是过时已久的塑料地板，人造材料，经过日月磨砺，泛出一层旧黄，许多地方均已开裂，好几处还掉了角。
中间是个玻璃柜，那柜特别旧，本木颜色已发黑，显得脏。
四周靠墙还有一圈相似的柜，比中间的扁一点．矮一点，也是玻璃的，也老得旧得像掉了牙的站不稳的老人。
（9）“你们是第一次来还是以前就来过？”老人跟在后面问。
（10）“是第一次。
”我太太说。
（11）“第一次的话，大人要交五角钱会员费。
”老人有点不好意思地说，赶紧又补充道，“当然，会员费是永久性的，以后任何时候再来，都不用再交。
”（12）五角钱，等于不交，还是永久性的，且仅限大人。
听得人心里闷闷的，躁躁的。
（13）孩子一进门，便被橱子里排满的贝壳吸引住了，先前还是木愣愣的目光即刻亮了起来，他们相互对望着，压低声音说话，轻手轻脚趋步上前。
（14）玻璃柜中放着大大小小．形态各异．五颜六色的贝壳。
仔细看，很漂亮，有的像古罗马骑士的头盔，有的像美妇人的笑靥，有的像少女流线型的围巾，有的像长毛绒球，有的像星星，有的像公鸡头上的鸡冠，还有的像古典式的中国灯笼……（15）“这里一共多少品种？”我问。
（16）“大约一千五百种。
”（17）“都是哪找来的？”（18）老人告诉说，这些贝壳都是他父亲生前收集的。
他父亲一生喜欢海，当过海军，终年漂泊海上。
这些收集来的贝壳都生长在不同海域的深海，拾取它们必须潜到很深的海底。
他父亲退役后专门学了潜水，然后去了世界各地，到各种不同的深海底去寻找它们……后来就开了这家贝壳博物馆。
（19）“那该是很久前了吧？”（20）“是的，很久了。
”（21）“你呢？你有没有收集？”（22）“也收集，但很少。
因为很难。
我从别人那买了些。
当然，都是相对大路货的，主要用作买卖。
”（23）再看橱窗里的贝壳，我注意到，每个贝壳下都有一张小纸条，用玻璃胶粘在底下的玻璃上。
纸条已很黄，有的已发黑，上面有钢笔字迹，很漂亮，很潇洒，写着贝壳的名称，来自什么地方等等。
大多数笔迹已模糊，上面落有细细的灰尘，看不太清。
——想必，这些都是他父亲的手迹。
（24）“这店开了多久？我是说，自你接手后。
”我忍不住又问。
（25）“30年，已有30年了。
”（26）“30年来你就一直守着这个店？”很想这样问，很想，却终究没问。
我改口道：“挺好的，住这么个漂亮宁静的海滨小镇；拥有这么多漂亮贝壳，还能不断看到来自各地的游客……”我觉得说不下去了。
（27）可是，老人似乎因我的话高兴起来。
“是的，”他说，“这确实是个好地方，有山有水。
很难找到比这更好的了。
我在这里生活了70年，偶然离开几天，都会不习惯，会急着赶回来。
这么个小店，虽然不赚什么钱，但够用了，让我满足了，而且，我喜欢这些贝壳。
”（28）“是的是的，这地方很漂亮……”我连连应着，心里感到的则是一个人的寂寞。
（29）儿子看中一个小贝壳，我拿了去付钱。
挺不好意思，就买这么个小东西。
他并不介意，似乎习惯了。
从橱柜上拿起一副黑框老花镜，架在鼻梁上，身体退老远，眯着眼，辨认价钱，然后，一边和我们说话，一边找出一张过期报纸，撕了半页，把贝壳包起来……我说：“我们还会再来；怎么说，我们也已是这里的会员了。