2018-2019学年度学校10月月考卷-f8d7b8d7a15b4a12b51a9fae266b4e9e
2018-2019学年度10月月考试卷

2018-2019学年度10月月考试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
考试结束后,将答题卡和答题纸一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷 (共100分)注意事项:1.答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号框。
不能答在本试卷上,否则无效。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,请先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers doing now?Taking a rest. B. Operating a machine. C. Climbing ahill.2.How does the man find camping in summer?A. Pleasing.B. Challenging.C. Upsetting.3.Why can’t the man give the woman a ride?A.Jean is using his carB. He doesn’t go her way.C. His car is full up.4.Which book is the most expensive?A.The blue one.B.The green one.C. The red one.5.What do we know about the woman?A. She will eat with the man.B. She won’t go to the concert.C. She will go home for dinner.第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5,满分 22.5)听下面 5 段对话或独白。
2018-2019学年度学校10月月考卷-本

绝密★启用前2018-2019学年度10月月考卷考试范围:必修五第二单元;考试时间:150分钟;命题人:徐海涛注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)一、基础知识(18分,1~6题每小题3分)1.下列加点字的注音完全正确的一项是()A迁徙(xǐ) 草芥(jiè) 泠然(lǐng) 覆水难收(fù)B叨扰(dāo) 稔熟(rěn) 盘桓(huán) 北冥有鱼(míng)C睢园(suī) 盛筵(yán) 晦朔(shuò) 天高地迥(jiǒnɡ)D数仞(rèn) 舂粮(chōng) 耘耔(zhǐ) 抟(chuán)扶摇2.下列各句中,不含通假字的一句是()A.小知不及大知B.云销雨霁,彩彻区明C.策扶老以流憩D.乃瞻衡宇3.下列各句中,没有词类活用现象的一句是()A.园日涉以成趣B.或棹孤舟C.水击三千里D.覆杯水于坳堂之上4.下面各项中,加点虚词的意义和用法判断正确的一项是()①穷且益坚,不坠青云之志②存者且偷生,死者长已矣③而御六气之辩④空余报国之情A.①②相同,③④不同B.①②相同,③④也相同C.①②不同,③④也不同D.①②不同,③④相同5、下列句子句式与例句相同的一项例:之二虫又何知A.遂见用于小邑B.莫之夭阏者C.勃,三尺微命,一介书生D.农人告余以春及6.下列对文学常识及课文的表述,有误的一项是A、《庄子》是战国中期思想家庄周和他的门人以及后学者所著,现存33篇,后人以“内篇”“外篇”“杂篇”分之。
B、王勃,字子安,才华早露,未成年便被称为神童。
与杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王并称为“初唐四杰”。
C、“御六气之辩”中的六气指的是阴、阳、风、雨、晦、明。
D、“迁”是表示中国古代官吏调动、升贬的常用词语。
一般情况下,用“左迁”来表示升官。
第II卷(阅读与写作)二、文言文阅读(54分)(一)阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。
2018-2019学年度第一学期八年级10月月考数学试卷及答案含有详细解析

2018-2019学年度第一学期八年级10月月考数学试卷有答案一、选择题1、下列图案是我国几家银行的标志,其中不是轴对称图形的是( )A .B .C .D .2、如图, AB="AC ,AD=AE ," BE 、CD 交于点O ,则图中全等三角形共有( )A .五对B .四对C .三对D .二对3、在△ABC 和△DEF 中,下列各组条件中,不能判定两个三角形全等的是( )A .AB = DE ,∠B =∠E ,∠C =∠F B .AC =" DF ,BC" = EF ,∠A =∠D C .AB = EF ,∠A =∠E ,∠B =∠F D .∠A =∠F ,∠B =∠E ,BC = DE4、如图,A 在DE 上,F 在AB 上,且AC=CE ,∠1=∠2=∠3,则DE 的长等于( )A .DCB .BCC .ABD .AE+AC5、如图,AB 的垂直平分线分别交AB 、AC 于点D 、E ,AC=9,AE :EC=2:1,则点E 到点B 的距离为( ) A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 86、如图的方格纸中,小正方形的边长为1,点A 、B 是格点.在图中找出格点C ,连结CA 、CB ,使△ABC 为轴对称图形,这样的格点数有( ) A. 5个 B. 6个 C. 7个 D. 8个二、填空题7、如图,两个三角形关于某条直线对称,∠1=110°,∠2=40°,则x =_______°.(第7题图) (第8题图) (第9题图) 8、如图△ABC ≌△ADE ,点B 与D ,点C 与E 分别是对应顶点,且测得∠EAB=120°,∠DAC=20°,则∠CAE=____________°9、如图,△ABC ≌△DEF ,点A 与D ,B 与E 分别是对应顶点,且测得BE="3cm ," BF=11cm ,则EC=_________________cm 。
2018-2019学年度学校10月月考卷

试卷第1页,总9页 …………绝密★启用前 2018-2019学年度学校10月月考卷 试卷副标题 考试时间:100分钟;命题人: 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷(选择题)请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、选择题 1.有个成语叫“助___为虐”,比喻帮助坏人做坏事。
该空应该填 A . 纣 B . 禹 C . 桀 D . 启 2.春秋战国时期,铁器的使用和牛耕的推广产生了深远的社会影响。
这些影响包括 ①促进奴隶制瓦解 ②导致地主阶级兴起 ③强化了周王室的统治 ④引发改革变法的时代风潮 A . ①②③ B . ①②④ C . ①③④ D . ②③④ 3.“商君死,秦法未败”,形成这种局面的原因是变法() A . 适应了国家由分裂走向统一的趋势 B . 受大地主大商人支持 C . 适应了奴隶社会向封建社会的过渡 D . 适应了称霸斗争的需要 4.《礼记·礼运》:“大道之行也,天下为公,选贤与能,讲信修睦。
故人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,鳏、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养,男有分,女有归”其中,“选贤与能”指的是我国古代的什么制度?( ) A . 分封制 B . 世袭制 C . 禅让制 D . 宗法制 5.许多成语来源于历史,如:退避三舍、卧薪尝胆、围魏救赵、纸上谈兵等。
从这些成语中能反映出春秋战国时期的哪一时代特点( ) A . 奴隶制开始形成 B . 封建制开始确立试卷第2页,总9页 ………○………※※订※※线………○………C . 生产力飞速发展 D . 诸侯兼并争霸不断 6.生产工具的进步是生产力发展的一个主要标志,下列生产工具按照出现的时间先后顺序排列正确的是( ) A . 打制石器—磨制石器—青铜农具—铁制农具 B . 磨制石器—打制石器—青铜农具—铁制农具 C . 青铜农具—打制石器—磨制石器—铁制农具 D . 铁制农具—打制石器—磨制石器—青铜农具 7.中秋节作为中华民族的传统节日,蕴含着“凝聚血缘、合家团圆”的寓意,是中华民族自我认同的一个文化符号。
2018-2019学年度学校10月月考卷 (4)

第1页 共10页 ◎第2页 共10页绝密★启用前 2018-2019学年度???学校10月月考卷 试卷副标题 考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:100分钟;命题人:xxx 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷(选择题) 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、选择题 1.下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确....的一项是( ) A .妥帖.(tiē) 娉.婷(pīn ) 掠.夺(lüè) 废寝.忘食(qǐn ) B .纤.维(xiān ) 摇曳.(yè) 拘泥.(nì) 惟妙惟肖.(xiào ) C .下载.(zǎi ) 仲.裁(zhòng ) 滑稽.(jī) 屡见不鲜.(xiān ) D .颈.项(jǐng ) 瞥.见(piē) 烙.印(lào ) 锲.而不舍(qì) 2.下列词语中没有错别字.....的一项是( ) A .决窍 哈密瓜 震耳欲聋 如坐针毡 B .忧戚 边脚料 高瞻远瞩 冥思遐想 C .推崇 闭门羹 巧妙绝伦 运踌帷幄 D .剽悍 关键词 不可思议 飞扬跋扈 3.下列句子中加点成语使用恰当....的一项是( ) A .济南轨道交通1号线正式开通,市民们慕名而至....地到来。
B .机会到来时切莫犹豫,不要等到失之交臂....后再暗自叹惋。
C .首张黑洞照片公布于众,让全球天文爱好者们忘乎所以....。
D .看见母亲朝自己快步走来,正在奋力奔跑的他戛然而止....。
4.下列句子没有语病....的一项是( ) A .中央广播电视总台5G 新媒体平台成功实现4K 视频节目。
B .巴黎圣母院不仅是人类文明的瑰宝,更是法国文化的代表。
C .济南杨柳飘絮治理工作取得显著成效,引起社会广泛关注。
D .这次手术的成功,将决定他是否能够继续留在绿茵场上。
5.下列关于名著的表述,不正确...的一项是( ) A .《三国演义》中诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡之后,在西城巧施空城计阻止了司马懿的追击。
2018-2019学年度上学期10月月考试题

2018-2019学年度上学期10月月考试题说明:本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共10页。
考试时间100分钟,分值120分。
注意事项:1、答题前,考生必须将自己的姓名、考号填写清楚,并将条形码粘贴到指定区域。
2、选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整,笔迹清楚。
3、请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在草纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4、保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man usually do on Sunday afternoon?A. He goes to church.B. He reads the newspaper.C. He works in the garden.2. Where does the woman want to go?A. To the supermarket.B. To the police stationC. To the City Library.3. Which train will the woman catch?A. The 10:50 one.B. The 10:20 one.C. The 10:15 one.4. What does the woman think they should do?A. Play tennis.B. Go swimmingC. Do some cle aning5. How does the man feel?A. AngryB. SorryC. Happy第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2018-2019学年度高三年级10月月考卷

2018-2019学年度高三年级10月月考卷本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分第I卷(选择题)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the speakers do today?A. Tour around the city.B. Buy a train ticket.C. Visit a park.2. What did the woman do last weekend?A. She went on a trip.B. She cleaned her kitchen.C. She moved to a new apartment.3. Where did the man work part time?A. In a bank.B. In a post office. C. In a department store.4. What is the man doing?A. Taking an exam.B. Reading a book.C. Having a class.5. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a library.B. In a concert.C. In a store.第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分,满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。
2018—2019学年度高一第一学期10月月考

2018—2019学年度高一第一学期10月月考第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ASharon, Aged 22The most important thing to keep in mind when going into hig h school is to be yourself. Besides, I don’t know what your mi ddle school was like, but high school teachers will not care ab out things such as how much homework you already have in one night. It’s best to just learn to deal with things and manag e your time wisely so you can achieve everything you need to. Frank, Aged 21I think almost every kid feels both nervous and excited before their first day. You will probably love it. I know I did. You shoul d join some sports or activities that will make your high school experience more enjoyable. Good luck!Eddie, Aged 20When I started high school I was really nervous too, especially since I had been homeschooled all through middle school a nd didn’t really know anyone. I suppose the best advice would be to just relax. The first couple of days can be a little bit hard , but things will become easier before you know it.David, Aged 19I’m not going to lie. The first day is kind of frightening (令人恐惧的). But you’ll get used to it. Don’t be afraid of anyone; upperc lassmen will pick on you more if you let them know you’re afra id. Just take it easy. Making some friends and staying with the m will greatly help you get used to high school quickly. After t he first week it’s really not bad at all. Don’t worry.1.What can we infer from Sharon’s words about high school?A. Teachers are quite strict.B. Students often stay up at night.C. Teachers provide little care for students.D. Students should make good use of their time.2. How did Eddie feel on his first day of high school?A. ExcitedB. Bored.C. Worried.D. Relaxed.3. Who mentions the importance of friends?高一英语(第1页,共8页)高一英语(第2页,共8页)A. Frank.B. David.C. Sharon.D. Eddie.BJohnny White tried singing for American Idol and his voice wa s surprising. You would not believe how confident he was! Johnny used to be shy. His mom was seriously ill and his dad was in prison(在狱中)for almost 10 years. He was taken care of by friends and relati ves of his family for two years and ended up being raised by a family at the age of seven.Even though he lived in a loving family, he still felt alone. It wa s difficult for him to deal with people he did not meet before. H e felt as if no one showed that they believed in him. But then he met his music teacher, Ms. Finley, who encouraged him to get lost in his music.She taught him how to be confident in himself. She saw how s pecial Johnny was and encouraged him to develop his gift. M usic became his therapy. Ms. Finley said that music turned hi m into a completely different person. And that led him to be a ble to sing songs for American Idol.He sang “It’s a Man’s Man’s Man’s World” by James Brown. H e sang it with so much confidence and strength. He tried as h ard as he could to sing and he judges (评委) were surprised by his strong voice.They asked him to sing another song to see how well he can control himself. All of the judges saw him as a “top ten singer”. So, it was an easy “yes” from all of the judges. His music tea cher was right there to encourage and cheer for him. She cam e into the room to give him a huge hug(拥抱). He is going to go far in this competition!4. At an early age, little Johnny .A. had few friendsB. was laughed at by othersC. had to live with others’ helpD. developed a serious illness5.What difficulty did Johnny have before meeting Ms. Finley?A. He didn’t believe in others.B. He was afraid of living alone.C. He found it hard to meet new faces.D. He didn’t get on with his new family.6.What does the underlined part “his therapy” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. A way to treat his disease.B. A way to become famous.C. A way to break his bad habits.D. A way to raise his confidence.7. How did the judges feel about Johnny’s singing?A. It was powerfulB. It needed to be louder.C. It could have been betterD. It was worth the first prize.CChildren’s habits are changing. Once a young kid might have played with stones, and now they are more likely to play on a n iPad.IPads can free busy parents an keep young children quiet, but does it mean that children are not developing the fine motor (肌肉运动的) skills they need to write?Sally Payne at the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust be lieved this is the case. She recently told The Guardian newsp aper, “Children coming into school are being given a pencil bu t, increasingly, they are not able to hold it because they don’t have the basic movement skills.”“To be able to hold a pencil and move it, you need strong control of the fine muscles (肌肉) in your fingers. Children need lots of chances to develop t hose skills,” she added. Ms Payne blamed (责备) the popularity of mobile phones and iPads for children’s b eing unable to hold a pencil. “It’s easier to give a child an iPad than encourage them to do muscle-building play such as cutting and pulling toys,” she said. According to Ofcom, more than half of UK families own iPads, rising to 76% for mobile phones.Dr Jane Medwell is a member of the Write Your Future progra m—a group showing the public the importance of handwriting. Sh e said that the popularity of iPads in homes meant that “some children don’t get as much pencil play as they used to”. And h abits learned from parents are changing too. “The earliest thin g you may see now is a parent texting on a phone while in the past it might have been someone writing a shopping list by h and, so children’s early experience of reading and writing has changed,” Dr Medwell explained. “Although this is an interesti ng study, we don’t know from a research point of view if techn ology is influencing fine motor skills generally and whether tha t is having a knock-on effect(连锁反应)on handwriting.”8.What’s the problem with newcomers according to Ms Payne?A. They don’t want to study.B. They don’t do a lot of sports.C. They are unable to use a pencil.D. They prefer playing with stones.9. How can young students solve their problem in Ms Payne’s opinion?A. By learning from iPads.B. By moving more at home.C. By doing more creative exercise.D. By using their fingers more often.10. What is Dr Medwell trying to do?A. To explain why iPads are popular.B. To show the public how to form good habits.C. To get people to learn more about their future.D. To make people know the value of handwriting.11.What does Dr Medwell think of today’s parents?A. They are setting a bad example.B. They know little about fine motor skills.高一英语(第3页,共8页)高一英语(第4页,共8页)C. They are too busy to take care of their kids.D. They fail to give their kids enough encouragement.DOkmulgee, Oklahoma, lies just off US Highway 75 and is a sh ort two-hour drive from Oklahoma City. Most of the time. Okmulgee is a quiet, little town. However, that changes each June when th e Okmulgee Pecan (美洲山核桃) Festival opens. It changes the town into one of Oklahoma’s most famous places.Although the festival has gone on for years, it didn’t become f amous until the late 1980s. In the early 1980s, Okmulgee held a friendly competition with a town in Georgia. The two towns competed to see who could make the largest pecan pie. They passed the title (冠军) back and forth many times over the years.Then in 1989, Okmulgee became serious about the competiti on. The town invited people from Oklahoma State University t o help. Together the town and the school’s culinary (cooking) department won a big victory.The winning pie was nearly 42 feet across. That is about as lo ng as a school bus. It weighed 14 tons and was heavier than a full-grown African elephant! The list of ingredients (原料) included 77,700 cups of flour (面粉) and more than 64,000 eggs. The main ingredient, of cours e, was more than 3,000 pounds of pecans whose hard coveri ngs were removed.Since 1989, Okmulgee has got more pecan prizes. It now ow ns world records for the largest pecan brownie, largest pecan cookie, and biggest pecan party. Its festival is famous in the w hole state.Kris Williams, who led the 2004 festival planning team, wants to keep it that way. “Our festival has long been one of the best in the state,” he said. “We want to keep it one of the best.”To reach that goal(目标),the planning team keeps adding to the festival. The festival no w makes more than the huge pie. Live music, arts and big par ties are part of the yearly event. There is surely something at t he festival to satisfy everyone’s expectation!12. What is Okmulgee famous for?A. Its good traffic.B. Its pecan festival.C. Its large pecan trees.D. Its quiet environment.13. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 tell usabout the two towns?A. They were well matched.B. They shared the title for years.C. Okmulgee always lost the competition.D. Okmulgee seldom entered the competition.14.Why did Okmulgee win the 1989 competition?A. They took it seriously.B. They won it by chance.C. They made a more delicious pie.D. They got the help of other states.15. According to Kris Williams, why are so many activities add ed to the festival?A. To keep the tradition alive.B. To carry out the state’s plan.C. To advertise the town’s pecans.D. To keep it as good as possible.第二节(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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第1页 共6页 ◎ 第2页 共6页绝密★启用前 2018-2019学年度???学校10月月考卷 试卷副标题 考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:100分钟;命题人:xxx 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷(选择题) 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、单选题 1.生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系。
下列有关叙述错误的是( ) A . 叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP 合成的酶 B . 溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏 C . 细胞的核膜是双层膜结构,核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道 D . 线粒体DNA 位于线粒体外膜上,编码参与呼吸作用的酶 2.生物体内的DNA 常与蛋白质结合,以DNA —蛋白质复合物的形式存在。
下列相关叙述错误的是( ) A . 真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA —蛋白质复合物 B . 真核细胞的核中有DNA —蛋白质复合物,而原核细胞的拟核中没有 C . 若复合物中的某蛋白参与DNA 复制,则该蛋白可能是DNA 聚合酶 D . 若复合物中正在进行RNA 的合成,则该复合物中含有RNA 聚合酶 3.下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养物质元素的叙述,错误的是 A . 在酸性土壤中,小麦可吸收利用土壤中N 2和NO 3-B . 农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收C . 土壤微生物降解植物秸秆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收D . 给玉米施肥过多,会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象 4.已知药物X 对细胞增值有促进作用,药物D 可抑制药物X 的作用。
某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组,分别置于培养液中培养,培养过程中进行不同的处理(其中甲组未加药物),每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数,结果如图所示。
据图分析,下列相关叙述不合理的是 A . 乙组加入了药物X 后再进行培养 B . 丙组先加入药物X ,培养一段时间后加入药物D ,继续培养 C . 乙组先加入药物D ,培养一段时间后加入药物X ,继续培养 D . 若药物X 为蛋白质,则药物D 可能改变了药物X 的空间结构 5.种群密度是种群的数量特征之一,下列叙述错误的是 A . 种群的S 型增长是受资源因素限制而呈现的结果 B . 某林场中繁殖力极强的老鼠种群数量的增长会受种群密度制约 C . 鱼塘中某种鱼的养殖密度不同时,单位水体该鱼的产量有可能相同 D . 培养瓶中细菌种群数量达到K 值前,种群密度对其增长的制约逐渐减弱 6.某大肠杆菌能在基本培养基上生长,其突变体M 和N 均不能在基本培养基上生长,但M 可在添加了氨基酸甲的基本培养基上生长,N 可在添加了氨基酸乙的基本培养基上生长,将M 和N 在同时添加氨基酸甲和乙的基本培养基中混合培养一段时间后,再将菌体接种在基本培养基平板上,发现长出了大肠杆菌(X )的菌落。
据此判断,下列说法不合理的是( ) A . 突变体M 催化合成氨基酸甲所需酶的活性丧失 B . 突变体M 和N 都是由于基因发生突变而得来的 C . 突变体M 的RNA 与突变体N 混合培养能得到X D . 突变体M 和N 在混合培养期间发生了DNA 转移第3页共6页◎第4页共6页第II卷(非选择题)请点击修改第II卷的文字说明二、非选择题7.回答下列问题:(1)大自然中,猎物可通过快速奔跑来逃脱被捕食,而捕食者则通过更快的奔跑来获得捕食猎物的机会,猎物和捕食者的每一点进步都会促进对方发生改变,这种现象在生态学上称为___________。
(2)根据生态学家斯坦利的“收割理论”,食性广捕食者的存在有利于增加物种多样性,在这个过程中,捕食者使物种多样性增加的方式是___________。
(3)太阳能进入生态系统的主要过程是___________,分解者通过___________来获得生命活动所需的能量。
8.甲、乙两种植物净光合速率随光照强度的变化趋势如图所示。
回答下列问题:(1)当光照强度大于a时,甲、乙两种植物中,对光能的利用率较高的植物是____________。
(2)甲、乙两种植物单独种植时,如果种植密度过大,那么净光合速率下降幅度较大的植物是_________,判断的依据是______________________。
(3)甲、乙两种植物中,更适合在林下种植的是______。
(4)某植物夏日晴天中午12:00时叶片的光合速率明显下降,其原因是进入叶肉细胞的_________(填“O2”或“CO2”)不足。
9.为探究不同因素对尿量的影响,某同学用麻醉后的实验兔进行不同的实验,实验内容如下:a.记录实验兔的尿量(单位:滴/分钟)b.耳缘静脉注射垂体提取液0.5mL,记录尿量c.待尿量恢复后,耳缘静脉注射20%葡萄糖溶液15mL,记录尿量,取尿液做尿糖定性实验回答下列问题(1)该同学发现,与a相比,b处理后实验兔尿量减少,其主要原因是_____________________。
(2)C处理后,肾小管腔内液体的渗透压会升高,实验兔的尿量会___________,取尿液加入斐林试剂做尿糖定性实验出现砖红色,说明尿液中含有___________。
(3)若某实验兔出现腹泻,尿量减少显现,导致尿量减少的主要原因是血浆渗透压升高,刺激了存在于___________的渗透压感受器,从而引起尿量减少。
10.果蝇体细胞有4对染色体,其中2、3、4号为常染色体,抑制控制长翅/残翅性状的基因位于2号染色体上,控制灰体/黑檀体性状的基因位于3号染色体上,某小组用一只无眼灰体长翅雌果蝇与一只有眼灰体长翅雄果蝇杂交,杂交子代的表现型及其比例如下:回答下列问题:第5页 共6页 ◎ 第6页 共6页(1) 根据杂交结果,___________(填“能”或“不能”)判断控制果蝇有眼/无眼性状的基因是位于X 染色体上还是常染色体上。
若控制有眼/无眼性状位于X 染色体上。
根据上述亲本杂交组合和杂交结果判断,显性性状是___________,判断依据是______________________。
(2) 若控制有眼/无眼性状的基因位于常染色体上,请用上表中杂交子代果蝇为材料,设计一个杂交实验来确定无眼性状的显隐性(要求:写出杂交组合和预期结果)。
(3) 若控制有眼/无眼性状的基因位于4号染色体上,用灰体长翅有眼纯合体和黑檀体残翅无眼纯合体果蝇杂交,F 1相互交配后,F 2中雌雄均有___________种表现型,其中黑檀体长翅无眼所占比例为3/64时,则说明无眼性状为___________(填“显性”或“隐性”)。
11.将马铃薯去皮切块,加水煮沸一定时间,过滤得到马铃薯浸出液。
在马铃薯浸出液中加入一定量蔗糖和琼脂,用水定容后灭菌,得到M 培养基。
回答下列问题: (1)M 培养基若用于真菌的筛选,则培养基中应加入链霉素一抑制___________的生长,加入了链霉素的培养基属于___________培养基。
(2)M 培养基中的马铃薯浸出液为微生物生长提供了多种营养物质,营养物质类型除氮源外还有___________(答出两点即可)。
氮源进入细菌后,可参与合成的生物大分子有___________(答出两点即可)。
(3)若在M 培养基中用淀粉取代蔗糖,接种土壤滤液并培养,平板上长出菌落后可通过加入显色剂筛选出能产生淀粉酶的微生物,加入的显色剂是___________,该方法能筛选出产生淀粉酶微生物的原理___________。
(4)甲、乙两位同学用稀释涂布平板法测定某一土壤样品中微生物的数量,在同一稀释倍数下得到以下结果: 甲同学涂布了3个平板,统计的菌落数分别是110、140和149,取平均值133。
乙同学涂布了3个平板,统计的菌落数分别是27、169和176,取平均值124。
有人认为这两位同学的结果中,乙同学的结果可信度低,其原因是:_____________________。
12.回答下列问题: (1)博耶(H.Boyer )和科恩(S.Coben )将非洲爪蟾核糖体蛋白基因与质粒重组后导入大肠杆菌细胞中进行了表达。
该研究除证明了质粒可以作为载体外,还证明了___________(答出两点即可)。
(2)体外重组的质粒可通过Ca 2+参与的___________方法导入大肠杆菌细胞,而体外重组的噬菌体DNA 通常需与___________组装成完整的噬菌体后,才能通过侵染的方法将重组的噬菌体DNA 导入宿主细胞,在细菌、心肌细胞、叶肉细胞中,可作为重组噬菌体宿主细胞的是___________。
(3)真核生物基因(目的基因)在大肠杆菌细胞内表达时,表达出的蛋白质可能会被降解。
为防止蛋白质被降解,在实验中应选用______________________的大肠杆菌作为受体细胞,在蛋白质纯化的过程中因添加___________的抑制剂。
参考答案1.D【解析】【分析】据题文和选项的描述可知:该题考查学生对细胞的结构与功能、光合作用过程等相关知识的识记和理解能力。
【详解】在叶绿体的类囊体膜上进行的光反应阶段,色素分子吸收的光能的用途之一是,在有关酶的催化作用下,促成ADP与Pi发生化学反应,形成ATP,因此叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶,A正确;溶酶体内含有多种水解酶,溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的水解酶会导致组成膜的蛋白质等物质水解,进而造成膜结构的破坏,B正确;细胞的核膜是双层膜结构,核孔是蛋白质和RNA等大分子物质选择性地进出细胞核的通道,C正确;线粒体DNA位于线粒体基质中,D错误。
【点睛】解答本题的关键是熟记并理解光合作用过程、溶酶体和线粒体的结构与功能、细胞核的结构与功能等相关知识,据此来分析各选项。
2.B【解析】【分析】据题干“DNA常与蛋白质结合,以DNA-蛋白质复合物的形式存在”可知,该题是考查染色体(质)的成分以及DNA的复制和转录过程等,都存在DNA-蛋白质复合物,据此回答各个选项。
【详解】真核细胞的染色质和染色体是同一物质在不同时期的两种存在形式,主要是由DNA 和蛋白质组成,都存在DNA-蛋白质复合物,A正确;真核细胞的核中含有染色体或染色质,存在DNA-蛋白质复合物,原核细胞的拟核中也可能存在DNA-蛋白质复合物,如拟核DNA进行复制或者转录的过程中都存在DNA与酶(成分为蛋白质)的结合,也能形成DNA-蛋白质复合物,B错误;DNA复制需要DNA聚合酶、解旋酶等,因此复合物中的某蛋白可能是DNA 聚合酶,C正确;若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成,属于转录过程,转录需要RNA聚合酶等,因此复合物中的某蛋白可能是RNA聚合酶,D正确。
【点睛】解答此题要理清染色体的成分,明确复制和转录过程中存在酶的催化,酶能结合到DNA模板链上,且相关酶的成分是蛋白质,从而才能正确判断BCD三个选项。