[考研类试卷]2012年大连外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc

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大连外国语参考书目(精)

附录 1:给日语语言文学专业及外国语言学及应用语言学(日语专业同学的推荐书目: (以下所有方向中任选 2本即可,可跨方向综合推荐书目王力(1995 《古代汉语》修订版 1-4. 中华书局 .陈望道(2012 《修辞学发凡》复旦大学出版社 .《语言学概论》 (任选中日文版本顾炎武、王力、吕叔湘、丁声树、乔姆斯基、布龙菲尔德、索绪尔等著名语言学家的专业著作(任选日语语言学方向寺村秀夫 (1982a『日本語のシンタクスと意味Ⅰ』くろしお出版.角田太作 (1991『世界の言語と日本語』くろしお出版.益岡隆志 (2000『日本語文法の諸相』くろしお出版.野田尚史 (1991『はじめての人の日本語文法』くろしお出版.宮島達夫 ? 仁田義雄編 (1995『日本語類義表現の文法 (上単文編』くろしお出版 .森田良行 (1994『動詞の意味論的文法研究』明治書院仁田義雄 (1991『日本語のモダリティと人称』ひつじ書房工藤真由美 (1995『アスペクト ? テンス体系とテクスト』ひつじ書房姫野昌子 (1999『複合動詞の構造と意味用法』ひつじ書房庵功雄 ? 高梨信乃 ? 中西久実子 ? 山田敏弘 (2001『中上級を教える人のための日本語文法ハンドブック』株式会社スリーエーネットワーク.森田良行 (1995『日本語の視点~ことばを創る日本人の発想~』創拓社.森田良行 (2002『日本語文法の発想』ひつじ書房.对比语言学方向影山太郎著、于康等译(2001 《动词语义学 -语言与认知的接点》中央广播电视大学出版社影山太郎編 (2001『日英対照動詞の意味と構文』大修館書店.大河内康憲編 (1992『日本語と中国語の対照研究論文集』 (上 (下くろしお出版. 朱継征 (2000『中国語の動相』白帝社刘月华 ? 潘文娱 ? 故韦华 (1983《实用现代汉语语法》外语教学与研究出版社.朱德熙 (1982《语法讲义》商务印书馆.日语教育方向市川保子 (1997『日本語誤用例文小辞典』凡人社佐治圭三 (1992『外国人が間違えやすい日本語の表現の研究』ひつじ書房.庵功雄 (2001 『新しい日本語学入門 -ことばのしくみを考える -』スリーエーネットワーク迫田久美子 (2002『日本語教育に生かす第二言語習得研究』アルク張麟声 (2001『日本語教育のための誤用分析―中国語話者の母語干渉 20例―』スリーエーネットワーク.认知语言学方向河上誓作 (1996『認知言語学の基礎』研究社出版.中村芳久 (2004『シリーズ認知言語学入門<第5巻>認知文法論Ⅱ』大修館書店谷口一美 (2005『事態概念の記号化に関する認知言語学的研究』ひつじ書房.山梨正明 (1995『認知文法論』ひつじ書房.奥津敬一郎 (1983 授受表現の対照研究―日 ? 朝 ? 中 ? 英の比較―、『日本語学』 2-4、明治書院文学方向《简明中国文学史》 (任何版本均可、《中华活页文选》 (任选《日本文学史》 (任何中日文版本均可日本名家名著(任选中日文版本 :古典如紫式部《源氏物语》等;现当代如:夏目漱石《伦敦塔》、横光利一《上海》《旅愁》等。

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Austerity measures正确答案：财政紧缩措施2．UNESCO正确答案：(United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织3．The US Senate正确答案：(美国)参议院4．APEC正确答案：(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织5．The Washington Post正确答案：(美国)《华盛顿邮报》6．NATO正确答案：(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织7．Arab Spring正确答案：阿拉伯之春8．Gary Locke正确答案：骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)9．Reuters正确答案：(美国)路透社10．The Wall Street Journal正确答案：(美国)《华尔街日报》汉译英11．十二五规划正确答案：Twelfth Five-Year Plan12．十七届三中全会正确答案：the Third Plenary Session of the seventeenth Central Committee 13．全国人大正确答案：NPC(National People’s Congress)14．新华社正确答案：the Xinhua News Agency15．软实力正确答案：Soft Power16．中美战略经济对话正确答案：China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue17．上海合作组织正确答案：SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)18．珠江三角洲正确答案：Pearl River Delta19．西气东输正确答案：project of natural gas transmission from West to East China;West-East Gas Pipeline20．北京共识正确答案：Beijing Consensus英汉互译英译汉21．Reforming Education —The great schools revolution Education remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011|DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print edition From Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world. Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years. Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institution like America’s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results. Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “the three great excuses”for bad schools have receded in importance? Teachers’union have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves. The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated—or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money. Many still insist, though, that socialclass makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations” as the main reason why its pupils under perform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels,” it concludes, “there has been little narrowing of long standing and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first. Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best. So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all betraced in three places that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.正确答案：教育改革——教育大改革教育改革始终是社会改革中最棘手的一部分，但随着越来越多的国家着手进行改革，人们逐渐学到一些重要的经验教训。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25一、填空题1 There has been a maxim in______which claims that "You are what you say". (中山大学2008研)2 The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by______. (中山大学2008研)3 ______were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.4 In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the______principle proposed by J. Grice.5 In Austin's How to Do Things with word, he first distinguishes performativesand______, later on Austin made a flesh start to distinguish ______,______and perlocutionary act.二、单项选择题6 The speech act theory was developed by______. (对外经贸2006研)（A）John Searle（B）John Austin（C）Levinson（D）G. Leech7 ______is using a sentence to perform a function. (西安外国语学院2006研)（A）Perlocutionary act（B）An illocutionary act（C）A locutionary act（D）Speech act8 By saying "You have left the door wide open", a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary______. (西安交通大学2008研)（A）at the same time（B）one after another（C）two first and then the other（D）one first and then the other two9 The Illocutionary Act was developed by______. (西安交通大学2008研)（A）John Austin（B）Levinson（C）John Lyons（D）John Searle10 According to the conversation maxim of______suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully. (西安外国语学院2006研) （A）quantity（B）quality（C）relevance（D）manner11 Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? (对外经济贸易大学2006研) （A）the maxim of quantity（B）the maxim of quality（C）the maxim of manner（D）the maxim of strength12 Four categories of Maxims in Grice's Cooperative Principle include all the following except______.(大连外国语学院2008研) （A）Manner（B）Relation（C）Qualification三、简答题13 What are the major concerns of pragmatics? (人大2006研)14 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.Mechanic: I'll be busy with this other car all day. (浙江大学2005研)15 What are the four maxims of the co-operative principle? Which maxim does this speaker seem to be particularly careful about; "Well, to be quite honest, I don't think she is ill today." (北二外2010研；上海交大2006研)16 Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theoryin that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or 言外之意 Chinese. (中山大学2005研)17 Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn. (厦门大学2006研)(1) A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2) A: Let's go to the movies. B: I'll bring the Kleenex.(3) A: Would you drive a Mercedes?B: I wouldn't drive ANY expensive car.18 What's conversational implicature? (西安交大2008研)19 Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice's Cooperative Principle: (北二外2007研)A: Where is X?B: He's gone to the market. He said so where he left.20 In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations? (人大2006研)21 What is your understanding of Relevance Theory? (南开大学2009研)22 Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. (南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.四、名词解释23 Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北航2010研；北交大2005研)24 Performatives(中山大学2008研)25 Conversational implicature (川大2010研；武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研)26 Cooperative principle (北二外2010研；北京师范大学2003研)27 Violation of maxims (北交大2006研)28 Applied linguistics(中山大学201 1年研)五、举例说明题29 When a teacher says "It's so hot in here." during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation. (人大2002研)30 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory. (北航2008研)Customer: Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter: Don' t worry, there's no extra charge.31 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said:“哎，几点了?”and the second said:“不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?”What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them? (北外2007研)32 Discuss the following advertisemen t extensively: “你不理财，财不理你”. (浙江大学2007研)33 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analize and explain the phenomenon. (北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。

大连外国语大学日语翻译硕士口译真题、初试复试考试科目

⼤连外国语⼤学⽇语翻译硕⼠⼝译真题、初试复试考试科⽬育明教育2015年考研指导⽅案考研最重要的就是⽅法、规划、模考⼤连外国语⼤学专业初试复试考试科⽬055106⽇语⼝译13①101思想政治理论②213翻译硕⼠⽇语③359⽇语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合⽇语（笔试）②⼆外听⼒③综合⾯试真题信息及辅导请联系QQ：947948911或TEL：180********《育明教育：150分考研专业课答题攻略》（⼀）名词解释1．育明考研名师解析名词解释⼀般都⽐较简单，是送分的题⽬。

在复习的时候要把重点名词夯实。

育明考研专业课每个科⽬都有总结的重要名词，不妨作为复习的参考。

很多⾼校考研名词解释会重复，这就要考⽣在复习的同时要具备⼀套权威的、完整的近5年的真题，有近10年的最好。

2．育明考研答题攻略：名词解释三段论答题法定义——》背景、特征、概念类⽐、案例——》总结/评价第⼀，回答出名词本⾝的含义。

⼀般都可以在书本找到。

第⼆，从名词的提出的背景、它的特征、相似概念⽐较等⽅⾯进⾏简述。

第三，总结，可以做⼀下简短的个⼈评价。

3．育明教育答题⽰范例如：“战略⼈⼒资源管理”第⼀，什么是战略⼈⼒资源管理（这是答案的核⼼）第⼆，它的⼏个特征，并简单做⼀下解释。

第三，和职能⼈⼒资源管理，⼈事管理等进⾏对⽐。

4．危机应对如果出现没有遇到的名词解释，或者不是很熟悉的名词解释，则尽量把相关的能够想到的有条理的放上去，把最有把握的放在第⼀部分，不要拘泥于以上的答案框架。

5．育明考研温馨提⽰第⼀，名词解释⼀般位于试卷的第⼀部分，很多考上刚上考场⾮常的兴奋，⼀兴奋就容易下笔如流⽔，⼀不⼩⼼就把名词解释当成了简答题。

结果后⾯的题⽬答题时间⾮常紧张。

第⼆，育明考研咨询师提醒⼤家，在回答名词解释的时候以150-200字为佳。

如果是A4的纸，以5-8⾏为佳。

按照每个⼈写字的速度，⼀般需要5分钟左右。

（⼆）简答题1．育明考研名师解析简答题⼀般来说位于试题的第⼆部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。

2015年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2015年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Bogor Goals正确答案：茂物目标2．FTAAP正确答案：亚太自由贸易区(Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific)3．zero-sum game正确答案：零和博弈，零和游戏4．ALS正确答案：渐冻人症，肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)5．NASA正确答案：(美国)国家航空和航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)6．genomic variation正确答案：基因组变异7．ozone depletion正确答案：臭氧损耗8．sinology正确答案：汉学9．bitcoin正确答案：比特币10．UNCED正确答案：联合国环境与发展会议(United Nations Conference on Environment and Development)11．paparazzi正确答案：狗仔队12．amino acid正确答案：氨基酸13．digital divide正确答案：数字鸿沟14．existentialism正确答案：存在主义15．silver-spoon kids正确答案：富二代；富家子弟汉译英16．十八届四中全会正确答案：the Forth Plenary Session of Eighteenth CPC Central Committee17．亚太经合组织正确答案：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)18．互联互通正确答案：connectivity19．量化宽松政策正确答案：quantitative easing20．公使衔参赞正确答案：counsellor with the rank of minister/ minister-counsellor 21．埃博拉病毒正确答案：Ebola virus22．自闭症正确答案：autism/autistic disorder23．防空识别区正确答案：air defense identification zone24．负面清单正确答案：negative list25．房产税正确答案：property tax26．专利技术正确答案：patented technology27．和而不同正确答案：harmony in diversity28．地沟油正确答案：swill-cooked dirty oil29．真人秀正确答案：reality show30．逆袭正确答案：counterattack under unfavorable circumstances英汉互译英译汉31．The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “actual landscape” of the world’s resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride?”Part of the explanation for that disappointment result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-related World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing “law” in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement—certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part of pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development”that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources.To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of “ law,” one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effectively stewardship of resources.正确答案：对环境法而言，1992年的里约会议是一个里程碑式的会议。

(完整版)英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1

1.3考研真题与典型题详解I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研)2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研)3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研)10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研)11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研)12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society.14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研)15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguisticlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研)16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Cho msky’s______.18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研)20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研)II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研)A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability.B. Duality.C. Displacement.D. Arbitrariness:5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研)A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions?A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation.C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.7.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. MacrolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. Sociolinguistics8. ______ refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安外国语学院2006研)A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Communicative competenceD. Linguistic potential9.The study of language at one point in time is a _______ study. (北二外2010研)A. historicalB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. diachronic10. “An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. ” This shows that language has the design feature of _ ____.A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement11. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade” is .A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative 12.Saussure is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Langue B. Competence C. EticIII. True or False1. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language. (清华2000研)2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language4. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the latter is mere important for us.5. The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外国语学院2008研)6. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.7. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.8. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.9. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners’ communicative skills.10. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.11. Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.13. Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸2006研)14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.15. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.16. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language. IV. Explain the following terms.1.Duality (北二外2010研；南开大学2010研)2.Design featurespetence4.Displacement (南开大学2010研；清华2001研)5.Diachronic linguistics6. Descriptive linguistics7.Arbitrariness(四川大学2006研)V. Short answer questions1. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationships hold between the two. (北外2002研)参考答案及解析I.Fill in the blanks.1.Design (人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。

[考研类试卷]2012年大连外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、判断题1 Language is a means of verbal communication which can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles.（A）True（B）False2 Different words are used to describe the concept in different languages. This reflects the design feature of displacement concerning human languages.（A）True（B）False3 Adults enjoy reading poems for its sheer beauty and children take delight in repetitive rhythms. This reflects the informative function of language.（A）True（B）False4 Journalists keep writing about and reporting on important events. This better reflects the recreational function of language.（A）True（B）False5 Otto Jesperson, Daniel Jones and their colleagues made great contributions to language teaching by developing and perfecting IPA which is extensively used in dictionaries and textbooks.（A）True（B）False6 [z]is a voiceless, alveolar fricative consonant while[j]is a palatal approximant.（A）True（B）False7 The" Minimal Pairs" test that can be used to find out which sound substitutions cause differences in meaning do not work well for all languages.（A）True（B）False8 All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.（A）True（B）False9 Sentence stress is often used to express emphasis, surprise, etc. so in principle stress may fall on any word or any syllable.（A）True（B）False10 Stability, relative uninterruptibility and a minimum free form are three factors that help us to identify words.（A）True（B）False11 Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.（A）True（B）False12 NUMBER and GENDER are mostly a category of the noun and pronoun while TENSE and ASPECT are two important categories of the verb.（A）True（B）False13 GOVERNMENT may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other.（A）True（B）False14 The SYNTAGMATIC RELATION is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present.（A）True（B）False15 The DEEP structure may be defined as the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, i. e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents, such as the relation between the underlying subject and its verbs, or a verb and its object.（A）True（B）False16 CONNOTATIVE meaning and SOCIAL meaning are two of the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech.（A）True（B）False17 Through COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS, the meaning of "mother"may be analyzed into:mother = PARENT(x, y)&~MALE(x).（A）True（B）False18 CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION is important while we are trying to understand a sentence. GENERAL CONTEXT EFFECT occurs when our general knowledge about the world influences language comprehension. SPECIFIC CONTEXT EFFECTS involve information obtained from earlier parts of a discourse.（A）True（B）False19 According to Austin's view, there are two types of sentences; PERFORMATIVES and INFORMATIVES.（A）True（B）False20 CAI aims at seeing educational problems, on the part of the teacher, whereas CAL emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives.（A）True（B）False二、填空题21 Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter.(Write the complete words on your ANSWER SHEET).(10 points)P______studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, the sounds of speech, the description and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech, etc.22 S______ examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it.23 In R______Assimilation, a following sound is influencing a preceding sound.24 A s______ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added.25 M______is a process involving an alternation in the sequence of sounds, as in bird and brid.26 B______ refers to the relation between a quantifier and a variable, that is, a variable is bound by a quantifier.27 The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of c______.28 The reader is supposed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered; this is known as the Immediacy A______.29 P______Act refers, to the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance.30 The procedure of error analysis includes recognition, description and e______.三、单项选择题31 Which of the following is NOT a recognized function of language in linguistics? （A）Informative function.（B）Interpersonal function.（C）Performative function.（D）Assertive function.32 Which of the following is NOT a main branch of general linguistics?（A）Phonetics.（B）Macrolinguistics.（C）Phonology.（D）Syntax.33 Which of the following is NOT a main branch of macro-linguistics?（A）Semantics.（B）Anthropological linguistics.（C）Psycholinguistics.（D）Sociolinguistics.34 When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be______.（A）voiced（B）voiceless（C）nasal（D）glottal35 ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（A）Consonants（B）Semi-vowels（C）Vowels（D）Semi-consonants36 Of manners of articulation, ______ is complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth.（A）plosive（B）frictive（C）approximant（D）lateral37 Of places of articulation, ______ is made by the tongue tip or blade and the upper front teeth.（A）bilabial（B）palatal（C）dental（D）velar38 Which of the following best describes Chinese syllables?（A）((C)C)C)V(((C)C)C)C)（B）((C)C)V((C)C)（C）(C)V(C)（D）(((C)C)C)V(C)39 ______in the word "international" is called ROOT.（A）inter-（B）-al（C）nation（D）in-40 Which of the following pair of words best illustrate BACK-FORMATION? （A）Editor and edit.（B）Worked and work.（C）Aeroplane and plane.（D）Advertisement and ad.41 Which of the following words best illustrate LOANBLEND?（A）Au pair.（B）Artificial satellite.（C）China town.（D）Free verse.42 Which of the following words best illustrates BROADENING?（A）Offend.（B）Hog.（C）Cattle.（D）Bead.43 The verb "take" can be analyzed in the following way according to componential analysis.（A）take=CAUSE(x,(HAVE(x,y)))（B）take = CAUSE(x,(~ HAVE(x,y)))（C）take = CAUSE(x,(BECOME(x,y)))（D）take = CAUSE(x,(~ BECOME(x,y)))44 Which of the following is NOT a major strand of psycholinguistic research? （A）COMPREHENSION.（B）PRODUCTION.（C）PRACTICE.（D）ACQUISITION.45 Which of the following is NOT a level of representation involved in speaking a sentence according to Garrett?（A）The message-level representation.（B）The fimctional-level representation.（C）The informative-level representation.（D）The articulatory-level of representation.46 Which of the following is NOT one of the three inter-related processes in writing according to Hayes and Flower?（A）The planning process.（B）The sentence generation process.（C）The peer-editing process.（D）The revision process.47 Firth developed his own theory of CONTEXT OF SITUATION. Which of the following is NOT part of his theory?（A）The relevant features of the participants.（B）The relevant objects.（C）The effects of the verbal action.（D）The impacts on the verbal action.48 Grice introduced the following categories of maxims to specify the CP further EXCEPT______（A）quantity（B）quality（C）occasion（D）manner49 In specifying the manner of his CP theory, Grice mentioned all the following EXCEPT______（A）Be relevant.（B）Avoid ambiguity.（C）Be brief（D）Avoid obscurity of expression.50 According to Grice, the following are the characteristics of implicature EXCEPT ______（A）calculability（B）comprehensibility（C）non-detachability（D）cancellability51 Which of the following does Horn propose?（A）Make your contribution sufficient.（B）Be brief.（C）Avoid ambiguity.（D）Be orderly.52 Which is NOT a form of sound patterning?（A）Rhyme.（B）Literation.（C）Assonance.（D）Consonance.53 Which of the following may NOT be the main areas of information retrieval research? （A）Content analysis.（B）Grounded theory.（C）information structure.（D）Evaluation.54 Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of syllabus?（A）Situational syllabus.（B）Notional-fuctional syllabus.（C）Cognitive syllabus.（D）Content-based syllabus.55 A(n)______ test assesses how much a learner has mastered the contents of a particular course.（A）achievement（B）aptitude（C）diagnostic（D）proficiency56 The following are the kinds of validity EXCEPT______?（A）content validity（B）construct validity（C）stability validity（D）face validity57 ______ is often described as"father of modern linguistics".（A）Ferdinand de Saussure（B）Malinowski（C）J. R. Firth（D）M.A.K. Halliday58 The London School made great contributions to the following ______ theory. （A）Structuralism（B）Innateness Hypothesis（C）The Standard Theory（D）Systemic-Functional Grammar59 The Prague School made great contributions to the following EXCEPT______. （A）seeing language in terms of FUNCTION（B）the stress that the synchronic study of language is fully justified（C）emphasis on the systemic character of language（D）structuralism60 Chomsky's TG Grammar differs from the structural grammar in the following EXCEPT______（A）rationalism（B）innateness（C）formalization（D）stimulus and response61 The study of characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers fall into the field of ______ as these three constantly interact and change with a speech community.（A）psycholinguistics（B）sociolinguistics（C）anthropological linguistics（D）computational linguistics62 In English,[w]and[j]are ______.（A）plosives（B）fricatives（C）median approximants（D）lateral approximants63 Which of the following can be best described as"voiceless alveolar fricative"?（A）[p]（B）[s]（C）[h]（D）[l]64 The property of voicing plays an important part in distinguishing obstruents in English. It is, therefore, a ______feature for English obstruents.（A）distinctive（B）binary（C）supplementary（D）design65 The words that refer to substance, action and quality are ______ words, also known as content words.（A）lexical（B）function（C）invariable（D）grammatical66 Which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Derivational affixes often change the lexical meaning.（B）Derivational affixes might or might not change the word class of the word they attach to.（C）In English, derivational affixes can be prefixes or suffixes.（D）Derivational affixes are productive across an entire category, not just across a range of members of that category.67 The most appropriate term that describes"breakthrough"and"playboy"is ______.（A）verbal compound（B）synthetic compound（C）endocentric compound（D）exocentric nominal compound68 In lexical change, the creation of "flu" and "fridge" in English is through the process of____（A）invention（B）abbreviation（C）blending（D）acronym69 The referential theory relates the meaning of a______to the thing it refers to, or stands for.（A）phoneme（B）word（C）sentence（D）clause70 ______ can be defined as consistency. If a test produces the same or very similar results when given to the same candidates twice in succession or marked by different people, it is regarded as having high degree of______.（A）Empirical validity, empirical validity（B）Validity, validity（C）Construct validity, construct validity（D）Reliability, reliability四、简答题71 Illustrate the types of processes with regard to borrowing like loanword, loanblend, loanshift and loan translation and then group the following English words borrowed from the Chinese language according to the types of processes.(10 points)tea(茶)yuan(元)Paper Tiger(纸老虎)kung fu(功夫)lichi(荔枝)Cultural Revolution(文化大革命)cheongsam(旗袍)face(面子)Confucian(儒家的)kow tow(叩头)wok(镬)National People’s Congress(人民代表大会)72 What do you know about Sapir Whorf Hypothesis?(10 points)73 Illustrate Speech Act Theory.(10 points)74 Explain what branch of linguistic study will be most likely involved and what theories might support the study of Chinese English learners' drop of plural forms of countable nouns and third person singular forms of verbs when they speak English.(10 points)75 Analyze the following description and the lexical items according to the theories of sense relations.(10 points)"I like the garden very much. In the garden, there are plants, bushes, evergreens, maple trees, red flowers, yellow flowers, white flowers, pink flowers, peony, jasmine, chrysanthemum, tulips, carnation and many other kinds of flowers. My yeye built the garden many years ago when he moved in. He told me that my bobo, dad and shushu had a wonderful time in the garden as well when they were little..."76 Support your argument concerning whether Women Register exists in the Chinese language.(15 points)77 Present the major view of language in <u>functional linguistics</u> OR<u>interactionalism</u> and then discuss its important implications for foreign language teaching and learning.(15 points)。

翻译硕士MTI考试各高校真题汇总

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[考研类试卷]2012年大连外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉
1 CPI
2 UNESCO
3 diastolic pressure
4 financial crisis
5 fiscal policy
6 carbon dioxide
7 suspended particles
8 APEC Summit
9 unmanned space module
10 space docking
11 OTC
12 refugee camp
13 FTP
14 real estate development
15 magnetic levitated train
汉译英
16 物联网
17 自媒体
18 版权
19 云计算
20 航空母舰
21 赤道
22 战俘
23 核潜艇
24 太阳能热水器
25 淡水湖
26 排水系统
27 暗物质
28 国际标准化组织
29 转基因生物
30 多媒体短信服务
英译汉
31 The other evening at a dancing club a young man in a gray suit, soft shirt, loosely tied scarf, shook his tousled yellow hair engagingly, introduced me to a beautiful lady with whom he was dancing and sat down. They were Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seems to have changed not one whit from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate bent upon becoming a great author. He is still eager. He is still bent upon becoming a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife assures me is far better than either This Side of Paradise or The Beautiful and Damned, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it imperative to produce a
certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him.
32 Not all painters are precocious (早熟), but Picasso was. In a technical way, he was as much a prodigy as Mozart, and his precocity seems to have fixed his peculiar sense of vocation. He was the son of a painter and by 13 he was so good at drawing that his father is said to have handed over his own brushes and paints to the boy and given up painting. If the story is true, it explains to some extent the mediumistic confidence with which Picasso worked. "Painting is stronger than I am, he once remarked." "It makes me do what it wants." If one were told that Science and Charity had been done by a 30-year-old Spanish scholar, one would have predicted a competent future for the man. Once one realizes that it was painted by a boy not yet 16, the skill seems ominously significant, like a visitation—and that is the general impression conveyed by Picasso' s earliest work.
汉译英
33 科学研究已经提供了明确的证据，北极海冰正在以超过预期的速度消失。

即将在哥本哈根召开的联合国气候变化框架公约会议为我们提供了动员国际社会共同应对这一全球挑战的机会。

在奥巴马总统和克林顿国务卿领导下，美国正在和世界各地的伙伴们寻求共同点，一道抵御未来不可逆转的破坏性变化。

我们认识到，中国必须引领全球对抗气候变化的努力。

作为有史以来最大的温室气体排放国，我们理应承担责任。

我们知道，如果美国不减排，任何气候变化解决方案均无从谈起。

因此，我们深信美国能够而且愿意在建设21世纪的清洁能源经济方面发挥领导作用。

但是，仅仅依靠美国和其他发达国家采取行动远远不够，未来增长的排放量中有80％来自发展中国家。

(选自《美国参考》)。