第二讲 形似英语词汇辨析mei

第二讲形似英语重点词汇辨析下面这41组形似英语重点词汇辨析1. defy / verify / certify / rectify / justify / magnify / amplify / simplify / specify / modify / qualify / simplify / clarify / terrify/ classify / identify defy: 向…挑战/公然反抗/蔑视/激怒He defied his opponents to equal his record.Criminals defy the law.They defied him to jump off the bridge.The city defied the enemy for three years.defy/defiance/defiant/defiantly/in defiance of不顾/不服从verify: 证实/查实We must verify his figures.Later findings verified the scientist’s theory.When people verify sth. they test the truth or accuracy of it.verify/verification/verifier 证实者/证明人certify: 证明合格/授予执照I hereby certify that this is an original copy.He was certified by the doctor that he was insane.He cited many examples in order to certify his statement.This swimming certificate is to certify that I can swim one hundred metres.certify/certifiable/certificate执照/文凭/证书/certification证明/certified rectify: 纠正/改正I want to rectify my error before it is too late.to rectify abuses/mistakesThe accounting error was rectified before he handed in.Rectify/rectification纠正/改正/rectifier改正者/rectifiable可矫正的justify: 证明…有道理/为…辩护/提供法律依据He had a desperate desire to justify himself.His illness does not justify his long absence.You can hardly justify such conduct.justify/justifiable/justice/justifier/justification辩护magnify: 放大/夸大/赞美（指整体性的放大）The microscope magnified the object one hundred times.放大He is inclined to magnify the difficulties.He tries to magnify the part he played in the battle.magnify/magnifier夸大者，放大镜amplify: 扩大/加大/详细解释（指使里面的具体内容一一展出）与magnify对比The tunnel amplified the noise.to amplify the sound/He amplified on the subject.amplify/ amplifier/amplificationsimplify: 简化/简写Can you simplify your language a little?Try to simplify your explanation for the children.simplified readings/simplified processThe story has been simplified by the author.simple/simplify/simplicity/simplificationspecify:明确说出/专门提到He specified three types of mistakes which had occurred.Please specify the date of your absence.Did you specify any particular time for us to call?specify/specific/specifically/specification具体要求modify: 稍修改/使更温和/（语法中）修饰These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully. He won’t modify his demands.You had better modify your tone.Adjectives modify nouns.modify/modification/qualify: 使合格/取得资格/限制/描述His training qualifies her as a teacher.They are qualified to judge.Two years of experience qualified him for a promotion.He qualified as a doctor two years ago.The play was at best a qualified success.If you qualify a work, you profess to understand it.Qualify/qualification/clarify: 使清楚/澄清/His explanation clarified the mystery.It clarified my thought a little.It offers a simple way of clarifying basic grammatical concepts.Clarify/clarification/terrify: 使害怕/使惊恐The thunderstorm terrified the children.She was terrified by his appearance.She was terrified of the fierce-looking dogs.terrify/to be terrified of(at)对…惊恐/to terrify sb. into doing sth.胁迫某人做某事/terrified/terrifyingclassify: 分类/归类Children in school are classified into grades, according to how much they know.He carefully began to classify the results of his examinations.classify/classification/classifiedidentify: 识别/辨认/说明身份The police identified the criminal at once.I cannot identify the signature.identify/identification/identical/identity2. mend / amend / recommend / commend / commandmend: 修补/修理/It is never too late to mend.to mend one’s fences弥补/ to mend one’s ways改过自新/on the mend正在痊愈amend:改正/改进/改过自新It is time you amended your ways.I would advise you to amend your manners.The new government amended the laws.recommend: 推荐/建议/Perhaps you can recommend me another hotel.Spain recommends it as a good place for a holiday.You can recommend some books to the students.to recommend a child to sb’s care.commend 赞扬/把…交托给…commend sth. to sb.’s care把某物交托给某人保管command掌控/命令/掌握/值得，博得3. cooperation / corporationcooperation/ co-operation: 合作The teacher thanked her students for being so co-operative.They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries. With the cooperation of all the employees, the work was done on time. corporation : 有限公司/社团/法人The corporation has branch offices in many cities.A corporation can sell and buy own property, manufacture goods, as if its members were a single person.4. commemorate / memorize / in honor of / in memory of commemorate:纪念The monument commemorates the local war heroes.The people built a new theatre to commemorate the birth of Shakespeare. memorize: 记住If you memorize a poem, you can say it without looking at a book.He could memorize nothing because he has a very bad memory.in honor of : 为了纪念A memorial meeting was held in his honor.The city dedicated a monument in honor of the general.to have the honor of 有幸…荣幸地…with honors 以优异成绩on one’s word of honor以人格担保honor/honorable可敬的/光荣的/honorary荣誉的/名誉上的in memory of : 纪念I have just finished a long poem in memory of Robert Gregory.Many special ceremonies are in memory of a man named James Ford.to commit sth. to memory熟记from memory凭记忆honor the memory of纪念5. agitate / clap / slap / fluctuateagitate:使激动/使不安The fiery speech agitated the crowd.She was much agitated by the news of her brother’s death.The wind agitated the trees.Agitation不安/煽动/agitator鼓动者clap:拍手鼓掌The audience clapped their hands at the end of the performance.We were awakened by a loud clap of thunder.Slap:拍击She slapped his face.to slap against the boat/水拍打船只a slap in the face打了一记耳光/a slap on the back祝贺/fluctuate:波动/起伏不定The price of the vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.All the year she has fluctuated between optimism and pessimism.6. compensate / supplementcompensate: 补偿The government compensated the families of the men were killed in the accident.compensate /compensation/compensate forDid you get any compensation from the company when you were dismissed from your job?The football player’s speed compensated for his small size. supplement: 补充The night courses are a supplement to his regular course work.At the end of the dictionary there is a supplement of verb tables. supplementary:A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.7. capacity / capability / ability / faculty/facilitycapacity: 容量↓The seating cap a city of the theatre is 500.It is an oil refinery with a capacity of a million tons of petroleum a year. He has a great capacity for work.capability: 能力↑对比I think that my secretary has great capabilities.She has capabilities as singer.ability: 能力His organizing ability is great.He was a man of great ability.I tried to do my work to the best of my ability.faculty:教职工/综合大学中的一个学院/才能，本领He was on the faculty there for over forty years.the faculty of law/the faculty of science/the faculty of medicine/the faculty of theology学院facility: 设施/设备/条件We will provide him with every facility.One of he facilities of our students is a large library.athletic facility/ recreational facility/ public health facilities/production facility/research facility/traffic facility/lodge and eating facility/medical facility/communication facility 设施8. deliberate / desperate / delicate 都是形容词deliberate:故意的/不慌不忙的/深思熟虑的↓A statesman should be deliberate in his speech.That was a deliberate act of cruelty.desperate:危急的/绝望的He felt desperate. He was ready to any price.The country is in a desperate state and we must all work hard.A desperate criminal/亡命之徒delicate: 微妙的/精美的/易损的↑对比as delicate as silk/the delicate skin of a young girl/in a delicate manner/ This is a very delicate camera.Take care with this delicate glass.The situation between the two countries is now very delicate.9. conscious / conscientiousconscious:知道/意识到的/有知觉的/有觉悟的He was very conscious of his shortcomings.Is the patient conscious yet?They are highly conscious politically.conscientious: 认真的/负责的/细心的She was a very industrious and conscientious girl.A conscientious worker10. exceedingly / excessivelyexceedingly: 非常地/极其地We found out that he was exceedingly fond of fishing.Chinese is a exceedingly difficult language.excessively: 过分的/过大的His daily expense is excessively too much, which could lead to bankruptcy.11. reliance / trust / belief / confidencereliance: 依靠/信赖A child has much reliance on his mother.I place complete reliance on Tom.trust: 信任/相信He could not abuse her trust.They put no trust in him.a position of trust/ 负责位置in sb’s trust/托付某人照管trust company信托公司belief: 信赖/信仰I have not much belief in his honesty.He died for his belief.Could you defend your political beliefs?beyond belief难以置信/in the belief相信/ to one’s belief据…看来/ confidence: 信心/自信You know that I have perfect confidence in you.He regained his confidence.in confidence说心里话/with confidence满怀信心地/12. vigorous / rigorousvigorous: 有力的/精力充沛的He made a vigorous speech in defense of the government.He was tall and vigorous.rigorous:坚苦的,严厉的The raining involved rigorous exercises.the rigorous hardship of the journey/rigorous punishment13. sensitive / sensiblesensitive: 敏感的/Don’t be too sensitive.He is very sensitive about his ugly appearance.A sensitive person is one who is easily hurt or offended by things that people do or say.sensible: 明智/理智的She has such sensible views on life.She felt that this was the sensible way to get out of the trouble.14. flash/ crash / crush / clash / smashflash: 闪光The swords flashed in the sun.The mirror flashed in the sunlight.flash back到叙crash: 倒塌The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.His business crashed last year.crush: 压碎Don’t crush this box; there were flowers insides.Hundreds of people crushed into the room.clash : 冲突The two lawyers clashed in court.There was a crush between the two enemies.smash: 猛打/摧毁He smashed the glass into pieces.This unexpected news smashed all hope of victory.15. inspire / expireinspire: 鼓舞The officer inspired his men to be brave.What inspired him to give such a brilliant performance?expire: 到期When does your driving license expire?The magazine subscription expires next month.17. literal /literate/ liberal / literaryliteral: 逐字逐句的This is a literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.In its literal sense “anti” means “against”.literal translationliterate: 受过良好教育的Only one half of the native population was literate.liberal:开明的/自由的Try to keep a liberal attitude and listen to both sides.liberal translation/a literal mind/literary: 文学的He had literary tastes, and was well-read in science.London was the literary center for the English language.18. homogeneous / simultaneous / instantaneous / spontaneous /harmonioushomogeneous:simultaneous :同时的instantaneous :spontaneous :自觉的/自发的harmonious :和睦的,和谐的19. competitive / competentcompetitive: 竞争的/有竞争力的Important posts are sometimes filled with competitive examinations.The city asked for competitive bids on the housing project. competent: 胜任的/称职的/令人满意的Be sure to get competent electrician for the job.He is competent to do the work.He did a competent job.20. extinct / distinct / instinctextinct: 绝种/不在存在的The passenger pigeon is extinct.to become extinct/extinct species/extinct customsdistinct: 清楚的/清晰的/不同的Your pronunciation should be very distinct.The picture showed a very distinct image.Gold is distinct from iron.instinct: 本能/充满的An instinct leads a bird to fly.Most animals have an instinct to protect their young.by instincta situation instinct with great possibilities21. deduce / seduce / inducededuce:演绎/推断What do you deduce from these facts?From the position of his body the police deduced that the man had killed himself.seduce: 勾引/诱使She was seduced by a man who never kept his promise to marry her.She was seduced by the attraction of the big city.To seduce a man from his duty/to seduce sb.into doing sth.induce: 劝使/促使/引起/产生His wife induced him to give up smoking.We tried hard to induce him to go with us.This medicine will induce sleep.His illness was induced by overwork.22. perspective / prospective / respectiveperspective: 全景/全貌/综合印象From the top of the hill you can get a perspective of the entire park.We must keep these minor facts in perspective and not waste too much time on them.prospective: 未来的/可能的a prospective buyer/a prospective brideYour prospective employer is the person who will, later on, be your employer.respective: 各自的After class all the students went back to their respective bedroom.My husband and I are each going t visit our respective mothers.hold in great respect/respect/respectable/respectably/respectful/respectfully/respectively/ respective/23. surplus / extra / supplementarysurplus:多余的/剩余的They sold the surplus food.You should get rid of some of your surplus fat by taking more exercises. extra:额外的/另加的/You have had a good deal of extra work lately.I don’t think they need any extra help.supplementary: 补充的The statement I am going to make is supplementary to my previous one.A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.24. respective 各自的/ respectable 令人尊敬的/ respectful 对…尊敬/be respectful to sb. 对…尊敬/ in respect of/就…来说in respect to关于/pay one’s respects to对某人表示敬意/with respect to至于/关于/respecting关于25. strain / stain / restrain / constrain / refrainstrain: 使紧张/使变形/扭伤The weight strained the rope.He strained every nerve to win.Don’t strain your eyes by reading such small print.under a strain处于紧张劳累过度状态/strain after竭力追求/stain: 污迹/留下印迹He has ink stains on his shirt.Spilled coffee had stained the carpet.restrain: 限制/克制He tried to restrain his sobs.He was so angry that he could hardly restrain himself.I can’t restrain them from going their own way.constrain: 强迫/强制/约束Cold weather constrained the growth of the plants.I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness.refrain: 控制自己使不做某事/避免You must refrain from spitting in the street.He could hardly retrain from enthusiastic comment.26. evoke / provoke / irritate / invoke / poke evoke:引起/唤起The film evoked the good memory of his boyhood. His comment evoked strong protests.provoke: 招惹/惹怒If you provoke him, he will beat you.By provoking people you make them cross. irritate: 使烦/使不高兴The children irritated him.Spoilt children often irritate me.irritate/irrigate/irritable/irritabilityinvoke: 请求/引起to invoke sb’s help/to invoke the judge’s mercy/to invoke new problempoke: 捅/拨动You nearly poked me in the eye with your pencil. His large key had poked a hole in the pocket.She poked her head round the corner.27. cease / resume fire / ignitecease: 停止/At half past one the downpour ceased.They ceased to trouble themselves about him.He was going to cease worrying about his business. cease-fireresume: 继续I resumed my work.Her face quickly resumed its anxious expression. He resumed his former position with the company. resume fire: 继续开火ignite: 引爆/引燃/使燃烧His speech ignited the crowd greatly.28. hostility / futility / hospitality / absurdity / commodityhostility: 敌视/冲突The stranger showed his hostility towards me by refusing to help me.The hostility of the citizens to the dictator was the main reason for the riot. Hostilities have broken out between the two countries.futility:无用/无益的事To try to escape from the prison is a futility.Telling lies after you have made the mistake is a futility.hospitality: 好客The natives are noted for their hospitality.hospitable/hospitality/absurdity: 荒唐可笑His story of being kidnapped by little green men was sheer absurdity.The absurdities of the playful little monkey amused us.commodity: 商品/a commodities fairWheat is a valuable commodity.Good looks are a more profitable commodity in Hollywood than talent and hard work.29. superiority / inferiority / prioritysuperiority: 优越性/优越地位All this completely shatters the myth of white superiority.No one doubts the superiority of modern ways of traveling over those of old times.inferiority: 低劣/卑劣They talked a great deal about the inferiority of Negroes and had learned nothing whatever about them.priority: 优先This project has priority over all others.You must give this matter priority.Road building is a first priority.30. commerce / commencecommerce:: 商业/贸易Overseas commerce increased by 12% in the last month.Our country has grown rich because of its commerce with other nations. commence: 开始Outside the town the road commenced to mount.He commenced studying the law.She commenced to cry.We will commence with this work.31. stationery / stationarystationery: 文具纸张The things he sells are called stationery.As a journalist you must spend a great deal of money on stationery. stationary: 静止的/不变的The bus remained stationary.Business has been slow but our profits have remained stationary.32. compliment / complementcompliment: 恭维/赞扬Compliments turned her head.I take it as a compliment to be asked to speak at the meeting.Her guests complimented her on her cooking.compliment/complimentary/complement: 补充物/补充Wine is a complement to a good dinner.Travel can be an excellent complement to one’s education.33. apprehension / comprehensionapprehension: 理解/忧虑She is a girl of weak apprehension.according to popular apprehension根据大家的理解/to be quick of apprehension理解快/in my apprehension以我看apprehend/apprehension/apprehensive/apprehensible comprehension: 理解力The problem is beyond my comprehension.I will demonstrate two kinds of reading comprehension items. comprehend/comprehensive/comprehensible/ comprehension34. access / assess / inaccessible toaccess: 进入The access to the town was across a narrow bridge.The only access to the farm is a dirty road.Students have access to the library during the vacation.accessibleassess: 估计They sent someone to assess the damage of house.It’s difficult to assess the importance of the decision.assessmentinaccessible to: 难懂/不能达到/不能靠近This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible.The book is inaccessible to most English readers.35. spark / trigger / give rise tospark: 放火花/引爆/激发What made the electric wire spark?The trouble was sparked off by a car accident.This dispute sparked a heat discussion.A cigarette spark can start a forest fire.trigger: 扳机/引发To fire a gun you press the trigger with your finger.His action has triggered off a crisis.give rise to: 引起/使发生The depression gave rise to widespread unemployment.This plan has given rise to many problems.on the rise在增长/rise to one’s feet站起/to rise far in the world掘起36. negligible / negligentnegligible: 极小的/微不足道的The damage to my car is negligible.The interest on my small savings is negligible.negligent: 不注意/忽视He was negligent in his work.He has been negligent in not locking the doors as he was told to do.37. tackle/ address/cope with/deal withtackle :设法解决/He tackled the job as quickly as possible.To tackle a problem is to set about it vigorously.address: 地址/讲话/称呼/着手致力于Please address this letter for me?He is going to address the meeting in a minute.How should one address a senator?It is time we addressed ourselves to the business in hand.cope with: 应付/处理This is more than I am able to cope with.He had a lot of work, but I think he could cope.deal with: 对付/论述/处理I shrink from having to deal with strange people.I’m used to dealing with this sort of matters.This article deals with the figures of speech in English language.38. stability / capabilitystability: 稳定/牢固/可靠The young nation has not yet attained political stability.He has great stability of character.Stable/stability/stabilizecapability: 能力I think that his new secretary has great capability.The country has the capability to defeat any invaders.39. coincide / collide / crashcoincide: 意见,爱好,时间等一致Our opinions did not coincide on this case.His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife.My birthday coincides with my wedding anniversary. collide: 撞击/分歧The cars collided at the junction.If the aims of the two countries collide, there may be war. crash: 猛烈撞击/毁了The plane crashed into the mountains.The bus crashed into a tree.His business crashed last year.40. prescribe / describe / inscribe / subscribe / script / manuscript prescribe: 开药方/规定The doctor prescribed me a new medicine for the pain in my joints. The doctor prescribed me a lot of rests.What punishment does the law prescribe for this crime? describe: 描述/Can you describe your school life?Try to describe what happened before the accident.inscribe: 雕刻He inscribed his name on the stone.They have inscribed their names in the book.subscribe: 认购//订阅/签名We subscribed for several magazines.We all subscribed to the football club.They subscribed their names to the protest about the lower wages. script: 稿本/正本I received a letter from him in his neat script.manuscript: 手稿/打字稿Some ancient manuscripts were found in the old city.I must return the manuscript to the author.41. ascend / transcend / descendascend: 上升/攀登The story could ascend to the former century.The princess ascended to the throne.transcend: 超出/超越/克服The origin of the universe transcends human understanding.This accomplishment transcended all our previous efforts.We shall transcended all obstacles.descend: 下来/沿袭The elevator descended slowly to the ground floor.The sun descended behind the hill.Are men descended from apes?概述：CET6中词汇有30道，共15分。