2012职称英语综合B完型填空
职称英语卫生类B级真题2012年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
职称英语卫生类B级真题2012年(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.These aretheir motives for doing it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA reasonsB excusesC answersD plans该问题分值: 1答案:A2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.SSS_SINGLE_SELA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends该问题分值: 1答案:C3.Henrycannot resist the lure of drugs.SSS_SINGLE_SELA abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption该问题分值: 1答案:C4.Theseprogrammes are of immense value to old people.SSS_SINGLE_SELA naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous该问题分值: 1答案:D5.A greatdeal has been done to remedy the situation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA maintainB improveC assessD protect该问题分值: 1答案:B6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing该问题分值: 1答案:A7.He isdetermined to consolidate his power.SSS_SINGLE_SELA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise该问题分值: 1答案:A8.Manyscientists have been probing psychologicalproblems.SSS_SINGLE_SELA solvingB exploringC settlingD handling该问题分值: 1答案:B9.Hearingproblems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercisehabits.SSS_SINGLE_SELA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved该问题分值: 1答案:D10.And thecars are tested for defects before leaving thefactory.SSS_SINGLE_SELA functionsB motionsC faultsD parts该问题分值: 1答案:B11.The foodis insufficient for three people.SSS_SINGLE_SELA instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate该问题分值: 1答案:D12.Thousandsof people perished in the storm.SSS_SINGLE_SELA diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered该问题分值: 1答案:A13.But inthe end he approved of our proposal.SSS_SINGLE_SELA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily该问题分值: 1答案:C14.For youngchildren, getting dressed is a complicated business.SSS_SINGLE_SELA strangeB complexC personalD funny该问题分值: 1答案:B15.InBritain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.SSS_SINGLE_SELA evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity该问题分值: 1答案:A第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2012年职称英语综合类B新增完形填空
第六篇Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1)__ information ______in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) _______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) _______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) _______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) _______ for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) _______ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) _______ guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain(8) _______ a university library works; they expect students(9) _______ graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) _______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) _______ that their students should not be (12) _______ dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) _______ teaching，such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) _______ . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.练习:1. A) suggestion B) context C) abstract D) information2. A) poor B) ideal C) average D) disappointed3. A) fun B) work C) learning D) prize4. A) by B) in C) for D) with5. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed6. A) collected B) distributed C) assigned D) finished7. A) maximum B) minimum C)possible D) practical8 A) when B) what C)why D) how9. A) particularly B) essentially C) obviously D) rarely10. A) selections B) collections C) sources D) origins11. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer12. A) too B) such C)much D) more13. A) but B) except C) with D) besides14. A) plentiful B) limited C) irregu1ar D) flexible15. A) greet B) annoy C) approach D) attach答案与题解:1. D 综合第一句的大意，只有D 选项"信息"填在这里恰当，A 选项的意思是"提议，暗示" ，B"语境，上下文" ，C"摘要"。
2012年职称英语B完型填空译文(增加)
第一篇有鸟陪伴的生活作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一的David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。
David，64岁，生活在Byward塔顶部的一个三居室的单元里，一个警卫室。
David说：“从我们的卧式看去，我们可以看到伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的一个美好景色。
伦敦塔以大黑色的鸟----乌鸦而著名，它们已经在那里生活了三个多世纪。
David立刻被这种鸟迷住了，当他在八年前被提供乌鸦主人的职位时他毫不犹豫地接受了它。
“这种鸟类现在已成为我的生命，我总是警觉到我在保持一个传统。
传说中说，如果乌鸦离开了伦敦塔，英国将落到敌人的手中，我的工作就是确保这种情况不会发生！David每天大约用四个小时的时间来护理乌鸦。
他已经爱上了它们，而他紧挨在它们的旁边生活是最佳选择。
“我可以在所有的时间内密切关注它们，不仅仅是在工作的时候。
”起初，David的妻子Mo对生活在塔里的想法并不热衷，但David明年即将退休，她要离开时也会很伤心。
“当我们透过我们的窗口向外看，我们看到历史环绕在我们身边，我们正接受它并为我们未来的记忆存储它。
”第二篇幸运的骨折演员Antonio Banderas经常骨折，而且它似乎总是发生在运动时。
在影片《拳拳到骨》中，他与Woody Harrelson 肩，扮演一个中量级拳击手。
在影片制作过程中，Harrelson不停地抱怨整个打斗场面并不是很令人信服，所以一天，他提议他和Banderas应该进行一场真正的打斗。
这位西班牙演员起初到这一想法并不热衷，但最终还是被他的搭档说服了，他戴上他的手套，爬上了拳击台。
然而，当他意识到他的对手是全心全意投入进来时，他开始后悔自己要打斗的决定。
在第三轮，Harrelson狠狠地打在Banderas的脸上，以至于居然打破了Banderas的鼻子。
女演员Melanie Griffith他的妻子对他进行这样一场“傻男子气概的游戏”非常愤怒。
“她是对的”Banderas承认道，“我在电影拍摄过程中进行这样一个冒险真是一个傻瓜。
2012年英语职称考试理工类B级新增完型填空2篇便携版
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing inclimate change and urban development．She warns that many of the wo rld’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developingcountries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failingto reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change isa deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities aredeveloping effective strategies to evaluate their residents."Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by futureclimate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventionsthat could offer immediate and longer-term benefits．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters.Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas andprolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more seriousin an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread healthproblems．Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especiallyvulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoricrather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and airconditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking ahands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects ofclimate change on cities.Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London sugges in a new study．Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective atlowering a person’s heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heartattack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statinsdon’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve workedout that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fastfood mea l increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins,which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as theunhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer—not much different to a sachet ofsugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re enc ouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ikewearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fattymeal．356。
职称英语综合类B级真题2012年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
职称英语综合类B级真题2012年(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)第1部分:词汇选项（第1〜15题, 每题1分, 共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线, 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.SSS_SINGLE_SELA watchedB gatheredC shoutedD walked该问题分值: 1答案:B【解析】题意：美国使馆前面聚集了一大群人。
句子中assembled的意思是集合。
A中watched的意思是注视，看守，监视，警戒；例句：The would-be murderer was kept under close watch.那个意欲行凶的人被置于严密监视下。
B中gathered的意思是(使)聚集，集合；例句：Gather some leaves which have an interesting texture and shape.采集一些带有有趣的纹理和形状的叶子。
C中shouted的意思是呼，喊，叫；例句：He is rather far away, but if you shout, he may hear you.他在相当远的地方，但是如果你大声喊的话，他可能听得见。
D中walked的意思是走，步行，散步；例句：You walk on ahead. I shall soon catch you up.你在前面先走，我很快就会赶上你。
故选B。
2.Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.SSS_SINGLE_SELA bringB keepC digestD serve该问题分值: 1答案:C【解析】题意：大多数婴儿能消化的食物很广泛。
句子中take in的意思是吸收，消化。
A中bring的意思是带来，引来；例句：The success brought him great satisfaction.成功给他带来极大的快慰。
2012年职称英语综合类完形填空完整版
2012年职称英语综合类(完形填空)第一篇A Life with Birds第二篇A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities*第六篇Teaching and Learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；第一篇A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first, David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."第二篇A Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had alwaysdreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break."第三篇Global WarmingFew people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.Some scientists, however believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.第四篇A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made Their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. "I wanted to prove them wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Y oung Entrepreneur of the Y ear award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.第五篇Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of the car.Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus servicefor the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.第六篇Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.*第七篇The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact,computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding,it should also read for a "purpose".Of course,people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However,these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food,how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant,and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer,it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.*第八篇Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around who always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of fun. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks like rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something about it.Y ou can change your view of life, according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort,and you'll find life more rewarding as a result. Optimism,they say,is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more preparedto take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists,on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world—they just get on with their lives.*第九篇The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention,a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferéhad a wooden frame,made in the shape of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it,you sat on a small seat,just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard against the ground with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes,but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets.Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult,as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long,however,as the combination of no springs,no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the origin of the modem bicycle.*第十篇Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not,there are a number of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity. Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant,they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality, however,many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in.All children are different. Some are independent,while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children,it's not the quantity of time you spend with them,it's the quality that matters.+第十一篇School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as much sugar as theyshould at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticize parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.+第十二篇A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers?Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not holding to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other soft of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious diseases. The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in actual fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the preservation of the nation's architectural heritage. Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced, though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇Family HistoryIn an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just treat it as aninteresting possibility. A simple system for collecting and storing your information willbe adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your way. The mostimportant thing, though, is to get started. Who knows what you might find?+第十五篇Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. Would her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. curiosity to see what had become of her brother.Almost without warning, Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New Y ork as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't bothered to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence in her own judgment growing. Ignoring the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was gaining a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on from her paintings.Of course, she took no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't help looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet satisfaction at what she had achieved.。
2012职称英语考试 理工综合B类 浓缩版 完形填空
A new examination of urban policies has been1 carried outrecently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and2 urbandevelopment．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to3reduceemissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse4gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to5 protecttheir residents."
Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk
2012年职称英语(理工类)B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年职称英语（理工类）B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision.A．evaluateB．commentC．discussD．report正确答案：A2．You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.A．strangeB．terribleC．unusualD．unfair正确答案：B3．He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once.A．confidentB．relaxingC．formalD．comfortable正确答案：D4．He worked so hard that eventually he fell ill.A．thenB．surelyC．finallyD．recently正确答案：C5．He thought it better to begin working immediately .A．at onceB．recentlyC．earlyD．rapidly正确答案：A6．As the headmaster made a long speech, the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes.A．quickenedB．enlargedC．enrichedD．lengthened正确答案：D7．The animals in Australia are vastly different from those in EuropeA．chieflyB．greatlyC．mainlyD．totally正确答案：B8．Poor people can’t always live in decent conditionsA．popularB．famousC．favoriteD．acceptable正确答案：D9．Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness.A．firm beliefB．outlookC．false ideaD．vision正确答案：C10．When she was invited to dinner, she readily accepted.A．suddenlyB．firmlyC．reallyD．willingly正确答案：D11．The manager gave us the identical cottage each summer. A．temporaryB．similarC．sameD．attractive正确答案：C12．Mary has derived a good deal of benefit from her job.A．obtainedB．acceptedC．bribedD．produced正确答案：A13．He is charming; nevertheless, I don’t quite trust him.A．howeverB．thereforeC．despiteD．afterwards正确答案：A14．Her behaviour is extremely childish.A．simpleB．immatureC．beautifulD．pretty正确答案：B15．Even in a modernized country, manual work is still needed.A．hardB．mentalC．simpleD．physical正确答案：D阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
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第六篇 Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1)________in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) _______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) _______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) _______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) _______ for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) _______ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) _______ guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain(8) _______ a university library works; they expect students(9) _______ graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) _______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) _______ that their students should not be (12) _______ dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) _______ teaching，such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) _______ . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.词汇:assignment / ə'sainmənt/n. 任务，作业 administrative / əd'ministrətiv / adj. 管理的，行政的motivate /'məuti,veit/ V. 剌激，激发……的积极性 appointment / ə'pɔintmən / n. 约定，约会exhaust / ig'zɔ:st / V. 耗尽，使筋疲力尽;彻底讨论注释:1. ...lie with ... :……是……的责任2. ... for the sake of learning ... :……为了学习……3. ... approach a professor during office hours ... :……在办公时间见老师……练习:1. A) suggestion B) context C) abstract D) information2. A) poor B) ideal C) average D) disappointed3. A) fun B) work C) learning D) prize4. A) by B) in C) for D) with5. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed6. A) collected B) distributed C) assigned D) finished7. A) maximum B) minimum C)possible D) practical8 A) when B) what C)why D) how9. A) particularly B) essentially C) obviously D) rarely10. A) selections B) collections C) sources D) origins11. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer12. A) too B) such C)much D) more13. A) but B) except C) with D) besides14. A) plentiful B) limited C) irregu1ar D) flexible15. A) greet B) annoy C) approach D) attach答案与题解:1. D 综合第一句的大意，只有 D 选项"信息"填在这里恰当，A 选项的意思是"提议，暗示" ，B"语境，上下文" ，C"摘要"。
2. B 此句大意为"理想的学生是为了学习而学习"，只有ideal最符合要求，故选B。
3. C 本文讲的是与学生学习相关的内容，A，B，D 均不合文意及句意，故排除。
4. D 此处要区分几个介词的含义，be returned with 一般有"带着……回来"之意，此句意为"有时，被发回来的作业上只有简短的评价，并无分数"。
be returned by 意为"被……带回来"，而for ，in 于此搭配不当，答案选D。
5. C be responsible for 是固定搭配，表示"对……负责任"。
其他选项放在此处都不合上下文含意。
6. C 此句意思是"当一项研究课题被选定时，教授们期望学生积极去做"。
A 和 D 不合题意，最大的干扰项 B 意思为"分配，分布"，一般指一个整体被分散给许多个体，与之相比，C 选项更为合适。
7. B 老师肯定希望学生能够在尽可能少的指导下完成研究。
只有 B 选项意为"最小的"，为正确答案。
8. D 首先排除 B 选项，因为此处需要一个关系副词充当宾语从句的状语，而what 是关系代词，之后要看整句的意思，教授们没有时间去给学生解释一个大学图书馆是怎样运作的。
A和 C 虽然符合语法要求，但放此处意思不通，故选D。
9. A A 选项意为"尤其" ，B"本质上" ，C"明显地"，D"很少地，难得"。
此处强调毕业生，A 选项较为合适。
10. C 此句意为"教授们期望学生，尤其是研究生阅尽图书馆中的文献资源"。
A 意为"选集"，B 为"集合"，两者一般都指文学作品的"集合"，而此处是学术界的文献。
C 与 D 选项都有"来源，源头"的意思，但 D 选项侧重于"起源，开端"，C 更侧重于"原始资料"，为正确答案。
11. D 根据下文意思，A和B 选项可直接排除，教授们肯定是喜欢学生不依赖他们，不是不喜欢。
D 选项的含义比 C 选项更递进了一步，符合题意，故选D。
12. A dependent 是形容词，前面不能与such ，much 搭配，D 选项more 放在此处构成比较级，但前文并无原级与之相比较，因此只剩下 A 为答案，此句意为"教授们愿意帮助那些需要帮助的学生，但更希望学生不要太过依赖他们"。
13. D 此题重点在于区分三个有"除……之外"含义的介词。
A 选项一般翻译成"而不是，并不是" ，B 选项意为"除去……之外"，D 选项意为"除去……之外还……"，此句意思为"美国的教授除了教书之外还有许多其他的职责"，故 D 为答案。
14. B 根据上文含义，一个教授能花在学生身上的时间一定是有限的，A，C，D 不合题意，直接排除，B 选项为正确答案。
15. C 此题还是承接上文含义，正因为教授时间有限，因此学生若想与之沟通，定要等教授在学校的时候，或是提前约好。
C 选项意为"接近，靠近"，为正确答案，其他选项意思与文意不符，A 为"问候" ，B 为"使……厌恶"，D 为"依附，伴随，添加"。
*第七篇 The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand，don't. In fact，computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) ______to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.词汇:element / 'elimənt / n. 元素，成分，要素intellectual /,intil'ektʃuəl/ adj. 智力的，聪明的entertainment /,entə'teinmənt/ n. 娱乐，消遣physiological /,fiziə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj. 生理学的，生理的cognitive / 'kɔgnitiv / adj. 认知的，认识上的注释:1. ... attribute to computers ... :……把……归于电脑，归属于电脑……2. ... in the case of computer ... :……对于电脑来说……练习:1. A) express B) explain C) account D) count2. A) why B) how C) what D) when3. A) once B) even C) ever D) often4. A) program B) instruction C) system D) function5. A). success B) sense C) scene D) point6. A) of B) or C) in D) and7. A) find B) search C) look D) watch8. A) way B) play C) rise D) birth9. A) place B) food C)reference D)information10. A) orders B) sells C)supports D) serves11. A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult12. A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness13. A) could B) might C)should D) would14. A) as B) on C)by D) in15. A) arise B) rise C)consent D) derive答案与题解:1. C 此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况，只有account能与for 搭配，意为"解释"，其他三个选项的词都是及物动词，不与介词搭配。