全国2012年7月自考英语阅读(一)真题试题
7月英语阅读(一)自考试题
2011年7月英语阅读(一)自考试题全国2011年7月自考英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外），请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers antl then write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The old fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because shopping today seems to lack that personal element which existed when the shopkeeper knew all his regular customers personally. He could, for instance, remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought or what sort of washing powder Mrs. Jones preferred. Not only was the shop a center of buying and selling, but a social meeting place.A prosperous general store might have employed four or five assistants, and so there were very few problems in management as far as the staff was concerned. But now that the supermarket has replaced the general store, the job of the manager has changed completely. The moderm supermarket manager has to cope with a staff of as many as a hundred, apart from all the other everyday problems of running a large business.Every morning the manager must, like the commander of an army division, carry out an inspection of his store to make sure that everything is ready for the business of the day He must see that everything is running smoothly. He will have to give advice and make decisions as problems arise; and he must know how to get his huge staff to work efficiently with their respective responsibilities. No matter what he has to do throughout the day, however, the supermarket manager must be ready for any emergency that may arise. They say in the trade that you are not really an experienced supermarket manager until you have dealt with a flood, a fire, a birth and a death in your store.1. The main purpose of the passage is to show ______.A. how the supermarket replaces the old general storeB. how the old fashioned general store is fast disappearingC. how supermarket managers deal with problems every morningD. how the role of the shop manager undergoes an overall change2. It is a pity that there are fewer old general stores now because _______.A. there is less trading businessB. there used to be more social activities in the old daysC. supermarket managers have more problemsD. there is less personal contact between manager and customer3. Who are Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Jones mentioned in the first paragraph?A. People representing any of the regular customers of the old general store.B. Shop assistants.C. Friends of the shop manager’s.D. Two regular customers of the store.4. How has the job of the store manager changed?A. He doesn’t sell tea or washing powder any more.B. He has a much larger staff to take care of, to say nothing of all the other daily problems of running the store.C. He must try hard to remember the names of the regular customers.D. He has to give advice and make decisions every day.5. The author compared the supermarket manager to ______.A. a military leaderB. a school inspectorC. a traffic supervisorD. an orchestra conductorPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.By the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the war with the French and the Indians, England gained possession of Canada and all the territory east of the Mississippi River. French influence on this continent thus came to an end; England now controlled most of North America. But the war had been long and expensive. England had many debts. George III, king of England, after consulting with his advisers, decided that the American colonists should help pay some of the expenses of this war. A standing English army of 10,000 men had been left in the colonies for protection against the Indians. The English government also felt that the colonists should share in the expenses of maintaining this army. The result was a Series of measures, the Grenville Program, passed by Parliament and designed to raise money in the colonies. Some of thesemeasures were accepted by the colonists, but one in particular, the Stamp Act, was met with great protest. The Stamp Act required that stamps, ranging in price from a few cents to almost a dollar, be placed on all newspapers, advertisements, bills of sale, wills, legal papers, etc. The Stamp Act was one of the causes of the American Revolution. It affected everyone, rich and poor alike. Some businessmen felt that the act would surely ruin their businesses.Of all the voices raised in protest to the Stamp Act, none had greater effect than that of a young lawyer from Virginia-Patrick Henry. Henry had only recently been elected to the Virginia Assembly. Yet when the Stamp Act came up for discussion, he opposed it almost single-handedly. He also expressed, for the first time, certain ideas that were held by many Americans of the time but that never before had been stated so openly. “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be bought at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”6. From the passage we learn that ______.A. Britain took over Canada from the Indians in 1 763B. there had been a war between the French and the Indianswhich ended in 1763C. France used to have control of Canada and some areas east of the Mississippi RiverD. the French still kept some influence in North America through the Treaty of Paris7. The Grenville Program refers to ______.A. King George III’s plan to gather money in North AmericaB. the British government’s desire to raise money in North AmericaC. a plan to share the expenses of maintaining an army in the American coloniesD. a decision of the British Parliament to collect money in the American colonies8. The Stamp Act ______.A. was an act about selling stamps at prices from a few cents to almost a dollarB. was one of the causes of the American RevolutionC. required that all commercial and legal documents in America have stamps on themD. chiefly affected business people who felt it would ruin their businesses9. From the passage we learn that Patrick Henry ______.A. had been a member of the Virginia Assembly for a long timeB. didn’t know what courses to tak e to complete his studies as a lawyerC. was almost the only one who openly protested against the Stamp ActD. didn’t value life or peace as much as other people did10. This passage is mainly about ______.A. one of the events leading to the American RevolutionB. the Treaty of Paris between Britain and FranceC. the Grenville Program to raise money in the American coloniesD. Patrick Henry, a hero who opposed the Stamp Act Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibilityfor all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home.The breakup of the family occurs when the parents divorce. A lot of children in the U.S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent’s own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship.The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.11. In the past, American families tended to be ______.A. quite smallB. medium-sizedC. quite largeD. small12. To parents who take the responsibility for children’s expenses, the cost of living increases because ______.A. children attend school for less yearsB. children are worse dressedC. children have more interests nowadaysD. children spend more money on entertainment13. What problems would broken families bring to children and parents respectively?A. Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn’t pay much attention to children.B. Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.C. Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself or herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his or her own interests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.14. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may ______.A. become worseB. remain the sameC. get betterD. keep unchanged15. The title of the article might be ______.A. American ChildrenB. American FamiliesC. American MotherD. American ParentsPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism” —but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership ofequals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the creditnor the blame. We h ave almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism（命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (相关的，中肯的) not only to healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.16. The danger in the sharing of household tasks between the mother and the father is that ______.A. the role of the father may become an inferior oneB. the role of the mother may become an inferior oneC. the children believe that life is a battle of sexesD. sharing leads to constant arguing17. The author states that bringing up children ______.A. is mainly the mother’s jobB. belongs to the duties of the fatherC. is the job of schools and churchesD. involves a partnership of equals18. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is ______.A. fundamental to a sound democracyB. not pertinent to a healthy familyC. responsible for MomismD. what we have almost given up19. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ______.A. minor because he is an ineffectual parentB. irrelevant to the healthy development of the childC. pertinent to the healthy development of the childD. identical to the role of the child’s mother20. Which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree with?A. A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society.B. Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores.C. Division of household responsibilities is workable only intheory.D. A woman’s place in the home now is the same as that in the past.II. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and then writethe corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s a ssume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal withdeceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check upon degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors (骗子)”; another refers to them as “special cases”. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people”. To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with” a college or univer sity, After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century——that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The pricesincrease rap idly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.21. The main idea of this passage is that ______.A. employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC. college degrees can now be purchased easilyD. employers are no longer interested in college degrees22. According to the passage, “special cases” refer to cases that ______.A. students attended a school only part-timeB. students never attended a school they listed on their application formsC. students purchased false degrees from commercial firmsD. students attended a famous school23. Fr om the sentence “job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend” (Para.2), we can infer that _____.A. the job-seeker is a student in that collegeB. the job-seeker’s brother is a student in that collegeC. neither the two are students in that collegeD. the job-seeker lives in that college24. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB. experience is the best teacherC. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD. a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition25. The underlined word “phony” (Para.2) means ______.A. thoroughB. falseC. ultimateD. decisivePassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passageAre you happy? Do you remember a time when you were happy? Are you seeking happiness today?Many have sought a variety of sources for their feelings of happiness. Some put their hearts and efforts into their work. Too many turn to drugs and alcohol. Meanwhile, untold numbers look for it in the possession of expensive cars, exotic vacation homes and other popular “toys”. Most of their efforts have a root in common: people are looking for a lasting source of happiness.Unfortunately, I believe that happiness escapes from many people because they misunderstand the journey of finding it. I have learned many people say that, “I’ll be happy when I get my new promotion,” or “I’ll be happy when I get that extra 20 pounds.” It is dangerous bec ause it accepts that happiness is a “response” to having, being or doing something.In life, we all experience stimulus and response. Today, some people think that an expensive car is a stimulus. Happiness is a response. A great paying job is a stimulus. Happiness is a response. This belief leaves us thinking and feeling: “I’ll be happy when ...”It has been my finding that actually the opposite is true. I believe that happiness is a stimulus and response is what life brings to those who are truly happy. When we are happy, we tend to have more success in our work. When we are happy, we more naturally take better care of our bodies and enjoy good health. Happiness is not a response but a stimulus. Happiness is a conscious choice we make in daily life. For unknown reasons to me, many choose to be upset and angry most of the time. Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we want. On the contrary, we usually get things we want after we choose to be happy.26. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A. Some people are happy when they work hard.B. Some people are happy when they drink or take drugs.C. Some people are happy when they get well-paid jobs.D. Some people are happy when they possess their own expensive cars.27. Generally speaking, most people feel happy because ______.A. they think happiness is rooted in their deep heartsB. they get what they want to haveC. they get a long vacationD. they get a great paying job28. In the author’s opinion, which of the following.is the most important if you want to be happy?A. Losing weightB. An expensive carC. Success in workD. Feeling happy29. Which of the following is right according to the author?A. Most people today are happy.B. Most people choose to be unhappy most of the time.C. Work is a necessary part in our daily life.D. We try to get more and then we’ll be happy.30. From the viewpoint of the author, happiness is ______.A. limitedB. out of reachC. unconditionalD. based on our needsIII. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Miller uses the techniques of the modern theatre to the full. He is not satisfied with simply employing the devices oflights and sound as an addition to the acting, 31. ______. This is a deliberate attempt to make the theatre as a whole, not merely the actors, express the messages of the play. Mechanical devices assume, then, a symbolic significance—they represent an essential meaning or idea in the play in physical terms. They express a meamng — 32. ______.Miller was writing for a middle-class audience. His plays were performed on Broadway,33. ______. Therefore they reached only a small proportion of the population Miller uses this fact (that the plays reached only a relatively small proportion of the population) to advantage in Death of a Salesman, where he examines American middle-class ideas and beliefs. He was able to place before his audience Willy Loman, 34. ______, oneswhich have been summed up by the phrase “the American Dream”. The American Dream is a combination of beliefs in the unity of the family, the healthiness of competition in society, the need for success and money, and the view that 35. ______. Some of these are connected: America seemed at one stage in history to offer alternatives to the European way of life; she seemed to be the New World, vast, having plenty of land and riches for all of its people, all of whom could share in the wealth of the nation. America was a land of opportunity. This belief is still apparent, even in twentieth-century America, with its large urban population, and Miller uses it in his plays, in order to state something significant about American society. In such a land, where all people have a great deal of opportunity, success should come fahly easily, 36. ______. To become successful in the American Dream means to believe in competition, to reach the top as quickly as possible by proving oneself better than others. Success is judged by the amount of wealth which can be acquired by an individual. 37. ______. Money and success mean stability; and stability can be seen in the family unit. The family is a guideline to success. 38. ______. These ideas should always be kept in mind when Death of a Salesman is considered.Another point to consider is Miller’s conception of what the theatre should do. He is both a psychological and a social dramatist.39. ______. Often, these people are ordinary, everyday types, but ones whose actions are made significant by the dramatist. For example, the lives of ordinary citizens going about their daily business in their homes may not obviously appear interesting, but the dramatist can indicate that their daily lives are important, that they are interesting or unusual as people and that the audience may see their own situations and psychological states reflected in the characters the dramatist has created. Death of a Salesman is a good example of this. Of course, all dramatists and novelists try to make the actions of their characters relevant to other people, and most analyze closely the minds of the characters they have created in order to establish what makes them function as individuals. Where Miller differs from many of the others is 40. ______. Most of his heroes are ordinary people: they do not seem to be different from anyone who can be met in any street; and this, it might be argued, adds force to his plays, since none of the characters are remote—we share their feelings, and understand their difficulties. Also, Miller is able to show that everyday people can rise above the ordinary when challenged.(From Miller’s Theatre and Miller’s Idea s)A. a man who shared many of their idealsB. America is the great land in which free opportunity for all existsC. hence the term “expressionist” is often used to describe Miller as a dramatistD. but indicates in the stage directions of his plays precisely when a particular form of lighting or piece of sound is to be usedE. so an unsuccessful man could feel bitter about his failure, excluded as he was from the success around himF. This means that Miller has often been regarded as an ally of the American LeftG the center of New York’s theatrical and cultural life, and in London’s West EndH. As a psychological dramatist he studies character, the motives and reasons behind the behavior of individuals, and presents them to his audiences so that his individual characters become convincingly aliveI. People were not as stable financially because of the depression and then the 1939-45 war, and so their way of life seemed to be challengedJ. It also provides emotional stability, and a good family shares its hopes and beliefsK. Success is extemal and visible, shown in material wealth and encouragedL. in the type of person that he has createdIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each) Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (complete) In his life, each stage of his development depends on the satisfactory ______ of the one before .42. (achieve)I felt a great sense of ______ when I reached the top of the mountain.43. (shock)He’s ______ at the prevalence of bribery among these officials.44. (relief)He smoked frequently to _____his nervous tension.45.(imply)The new report has far-reaching ______ for the future of Chinese education.46. (doubt)Because of a long drought, the farmers are ______ about the prospect of a good yield.47. (horrify)I was ______ at the idea of having to give a speech in front of so many people.48. (polite)______ is the attribute of a gentleman.49. (deception)You are ______ yourself if you still believe that she will help you.50. (treat)First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical ______ is available. V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.than wish suspect know forfear headquarters in close againstmany foreign evenIn big cities, the Police Commissioner (Head of the Force) is often appointed by Mayor and therefore senior police officers tend to be too 51. ______ linked to politics. Their ambitions sometimes tempt them to turn a blind eye or to accept bribes, which lowers the morale of the ordinary cop. The structure of the many different American police forces is said to be the most varied in the whole world.The city police often come into conflict with the FBI —the Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI men, do not wear uniforms,have the right to cross State borders if they are pursuing a 52. ______. They are responsible to the US Department of Justice, and have their 53. ______ in Washington, D. C. The head of the FBI is chief domestic intelligence adviser to the President. The FBI men are more concerned with spies and agents hostile to the USA, radicals and Mafia（黑手党）bosses 54. ______ they are with ordinary criminals, but they do keep a record of all crimes, which city and State police can consult if they 55. ______. The FBI laboratory services, among the best in the world, are also available to local law enforcement agencies. The activities of the CIA—the Central Intelligence Agency— are now well 56. ______ in every country in the world. The job of the CIA is to keep the Government informed of the activities of 57. ______ agents and the secret preparations of hostile powers. CIA agents also work in countries where it is felt that aid, or the promise of aid, will maintain sympathy 58. ______ the USA. Sometimes the CIA’s actions do just the reverse, and in many parts of the worldincluding countries friendly to the USA, they are disliked and even 59. ______.However, the CIA is just one of the many secret services all countries use to protect themselves 60. ______ possible enemies.。
7月自学考试英语(一)专项练习题及答案(9)
7 月自学考试英语(一 )专项练习题及答案(9)41.—— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.—— It ______ a comfortable journey.A. can‘t beB. shouldn’t beC. mustn‘t have beenD. couldn’t have been42.She didn‘t approve of his conduct ______ his former employers.A. by means ofB. in terms ofC. with regard toD. in linewith 43.The doctor brought mother ______ a serious illness.A. backB. offC. toD. through44.If he had not missed the train， he ______ by then.A. might getB. should have gotC. gotD. had got45.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen________ comfortably.A. is wornB. wearsC. wearingD. are worn参照答案：41.正确答案： D答案分析：由意可知被猜的是去，有客事依据 therewere already five people⋯⋯take me，猜as well气要求，因此正确是 D.42.正确答案： C答案分析： with regard to：对于，至于，于。
43.正确答案： D答案分析：此题考察词组辨析。
bring back 带回，使回想，使恢复 bring off 达成，救出，使成功，搬走 bring through 治愈，使度过困难 /危险期间44.正确答案： B答案分析：与过去事实相反的虚构条件句，条件从句的谓语用 had+ 过去分词，主句的谓语用 should +have+过去分词。
考吧网2012年自考英语(一)练习题及答案(6)
1.He is good at English，_______ we all know. 【B 】A. thatB. asC. whomD. what【答案解析】：as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。
这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。
as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。
从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。
在本句中，as作宾语。
2.The pen _______ he is writing is mine. 【A】A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which【答案解析】：with which是“介词+关系代词”结构，常用来引导定语从句。
with有“用”的意思，介词之后只能用which，不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen.3.Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded？【C 】A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which【答案解析】：when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
4.The place _______ interested me most was the Children…s Palace. 【A】A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which【答案解析】：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
5._____ she was very tired，she went on working. 【B 】A. AsB. AlthoughC. EvenD. In spite of【答案解析】：although：虽然，尽管。
符合句意。
6.Read it aloud _______ the class can hear you. 【A】A. so thatB. ifC. whenD. although【答案解析】：so that：以至于。
2012年专升本英语考试真题及解析17页
山东省2012年普通高等教育专升本统一考试英语试卷一第一部分: 听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.Short Conversations1. A) Give a speech in Professor Jones class.B) See Professor Jones after class.C) Postpone her meeting with Professor Jones.D) Go to the beach with her friends.2. A) Anything but some meat.B) Some fruit only.C) Nothing.D) Some meat and fruit.3. A) The man. B) The woman’s mother.C) The baker. D) The woman.4. A) By plane. B) By ship.C) By car. D) By bus.5. A) 76 B) 67C) 59 D) 696. A) He stopped smoking.B) He still smokes.C) He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.D) He smokes 10 cigarettes a day.7. A) It was better. B) It was a disaster.C) It was not good enough. D) It was great.8. A) Sales clerk and customer. B) Doctor and patient.C) Waitress and customer. D) Teacher and student.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) They’re roommates.B) They’re families.C) They’re cousins. D) They’re friends.10. A) She easily got nervous while speaking in front of others.B) She missed her psychology class.C) She had not finished her homework.D) She failed the English exam.11. A) Go to psychology class.B) Get fully prepared before speaking in public.C) Try to forget about people while speaking in public.D) Never speak in public.12. A) Men become nervous more than women.B) Children become nervous more easily than adults.C) It’s common for women to get nervous.D) Women become nervous more than men.Long Conversation 2Questions 13 to 14 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Expensive.B) Interesting.C) Waste of time.D) Boring.14. A) Because he has nothing else to do.B) Because it helps him to get a job in the future.C) Because he loves studying.D) Because he is interested in business management.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choice markedA)、B)、C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer. Sheet with asingle line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 15 to 17are based on the conversation you have just heard.15. A). A letter of invitation.B). A letter of recommendation.C). A letter of introduction.D). A letter of application.16. A). 1997B). 1992C). 1990D). 200017). A). Brigitte once changed her job.B). Brigitte has never been to Dublin.C). Brigitte is going to get married in Dublin.D). Brigitte is a native English speaker.Passage TwoQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the conversation you have just heard.18. A). A college in Switzerland.B). A college in Sweden.C). A college in Britain.D). A college in America.19. A). That all the students agreed to accept Elizabeth.B). That most of the students didn’t mind wh ether to accept her or not.C). That some felt proud to have a woman student on the campus.D). That some thought Liza’s idea very interesting.20. A). Because a famous politician supported her.B). Because he thought her idea was interesting.C). Because he took proud in training the world’s first woman doctor.D). Because he was forced to do so.第二部分：词汇和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题0.5分，共15分）Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D).Choose the answer that best completes. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line thought thecenter.21. Marry has come; I will put ___________plate on the dining table.A) a further B) a spareC) an extra D) more22. After interviewing several workers, she came to a (an) ___________that their working conditions were very poor.A) observation B) illustrationC) conclusion D) qualification23. He is a student of great intelligence and diligence. ___________, he is a top student in the class.A) Undoubtedly B) FortunatelyC) Nevertheless D) In spite24. Silk and nylon look alike but they ___________ in origin and cost.A) refer B) inferC) differ D) prefer25. What we would like you to know is that we greatly ___________your timely help.A) compliment B) appreciateC) thank D) attach26. Mr. Brown had an unusual ___________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.A) position B) occupationC) profession D) career27. It was ___________of you to get up to catch the first bus so that you could avoid traffic jam.A) reasonable B) sensibleC) sentimental D) sensitive28. Her beauty can not ___________her stupidity.A) make out of B) make forC) make at D) make up for29. Community service can ___________ anything from gardening to helping in old pe ople’s homes.A) involve B) askC) insist D) remain30. There seems to be an electrical problem. I’ll get someone to ___________it.A) look at B) look intoC) look upon D) look out31. After the war, Germany became one of Europe’s most ___________ countries.A) prosperous B) improvedC) swift D) interested32. New computers are soon out of date since newer models are ___________ constantly.A) turned up B) turned overC) turned down D) turned out33. The scene in the movie ___________him of his childhood.A) recalledB) rememberedC) recollectedD) reminded34 The football match was televised ___________from the Worker’s Stadium.A) live B) livingC) alive D) lively35. Color-blind people often find it difficult to___________ blue and green.A) compare B) contrastC) distinguish D) separate36. Mike’s uncle insists ___________ in this hotel.A) that he not stayB) staying notC) not to stayD) that he would not stay37. The office was in darkness ___________ the light over his desk.A) besides B) exceptC) except for D) rather than38. The old lady sat in an armchair, her cat ___________ beside her.A) lay B) lyingC) lied D) laying39. I appreciate ___________ to your home.A) to have invitedB) to be invitedC) having invitedD) being invited40. We are living in an age ___________many things are done on the computer.A) that B) whichC) whose D) when41. We could do nothing but ___________till he came back.A) waiting B) waitC) to wait D) waited42. ___________is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A) As B) WhichC) It D) That43. The driver admitted that not only___________, but he didn’t have a driving license either.A) he was not insured B) he was insured notC) was he not insured D) was not he insured44. She hardly ever leaves the house after ten at night, ___________?A) nor does she B) does sheC) so does she D) doe sn’t she45. The reason Beethoven went away to the country is___________ he was gradually going deaf.A) since B) thatC) because D) as46. She wanted to know what ___________at the meeting.A) has happenedB) was happenedC) had happenedD) had been happened47. Nobody but Smith and John ___________ in the lab yesterday.A) wereB) had beenC) was beD) was48. Mary has just bought herself ___________ dress.A) a cotton expensive blueB) an expensive blue cottonC) a blue expensive cottonD) a cotton blue expensive49. Such an idea would never occur ___________ me.A) to B) withC) from D) on50. Alice, ___________where to find the book, asked her mother where the book was.A) with no knowledgeB) never knowC) not knowingD) not to know第三部分：阅读理解（本大题共20小题,共30分).Part III Reading ComprehensionSectionA.Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choice marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneStrange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty four time zones, one hour apart. You can have days with more than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five of twenty-three hours.If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you cross the international date line. By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday, traveling west, it is tomorrow!51. The difference in time between zones is _________ ．A) more than seven daysB) twenty-four hoursC) one hourD) seven days52. From this selection, it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean ______．A) is in one time zoneB) cannot be crossed in five daysC) is divided into five time zonesD) is divided into twenty-four zones53. If you cross the Atlantic Ocean going east，you set your clock ______．A) ahead one hour in each new time zoneB) head by twenty-three hoursC) back one full day for each time zoneD) ahead one hour for the whole trip54.. The International Date Line is the name for _______．A) any time zone in the Pacific OceanB) any point where time changes by one hourC) the point where a new day beginsD) the beginning of any new time zonePassage TwoMost people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog. But in part, the decisiondepends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristicsYou must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless live in the country and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place which is secure, but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.55. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?A) Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.B) It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.C) You should decide what kind of dog you want.D) You can always get help from the specialists.56. What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?A) The price of the dog.B) The color of the dog.C) Whether the dog will fit the environment.D) Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.57. Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?A) It must be looked after carefully.B) It demands more food and space.C) It needs more love and care.D) It must be trained so that it won’t bite.58. Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old?A) It’s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.B) They are less likely to run away.C) They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D) It’s easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.Passage ThreeStudents who want to attend an American college or university must explain how they will pay for their education. They have to show that they will be able to pay for each year of study.Students have to consider not only the tuition, the cost of classes, but also meals and a place to live, known as room-and-board. They also need money for books , supplies ,social activities and other things.Educational advisers say foreign students should keep enough money in a local bank to pay for at least two months of spending. So how much will it cost every year to study at an American school? Generally speaking, the answer is: a lot. The University of Washington says foreign students are paying more than thirty-six thousand dollars this year. Its website says the Universityof Washington does not offer financial assistance to international students.This is generally true of American schools, especially at the undergraduate level. It means foreign students are faced with a heavy financial burden.The international application for the university includes a Statement of Financial Responsibility that must be signed. Students must also provide a bank letter or statement from within the past six months. And they have to name anyone who will help with payments. These people must send proof from a bank to show that they have the money.The government or employer may be able to help you pay all or some college costs. A good idea is to ask at least eighteen months before you want to start classes in the United States.Enough time should be ensured to go through procedures.59. Which statement is true according to the first paragraph?A) Foreign students in America can hardly support themselves.B) They should show that they are able to pay the first year of their study.C) Room-and-board refers to the expense on meals and accommodation.D) Students intending to attend an American college or university should explain who will payfor their education.60. According to educational advisers, how many months of expense should be ensured by foreign students?A) At least two months.B) At least six months.C) At least twelve months.D) At least eighteen months.61. What is Not included in the international application for the university?A) A signed Statement of Financial Responsibility.B) A name list of anyone who will offer help for payments.C) A bank statement issued in the past six months.D) Proofs from banks showing that the students have got the money.62. American universities _________ to international students at the undergraduate levelA) sometimes offer partial financial assistance.B) occasionally offer financial assistance.C) generally do not offer financial assistance.D) always offer financial assistance.Section B.Directions: Match the Chinese sentences in the left column with the English in the right column.Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.山东省2012年普通高等教育专升本统一考试英语试卷二第四部分翻译（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Part IV TransalationSection ADirections:Put the following sentences into Chinses.All of them are taken from the passages you have just read.71 Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 72 Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________73 A dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________74 This is generally true of American schools, especially at the undergraduate level._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________75 The government or employer may be able to help you pay all or some college costs._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Section BDirections:Put the following sentences intoEmglish.76 我喜欢农村生活胜过城市生活。
浙江省2012年7月自学考试高级英语试
浙江省2012年7月自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：10005Part Ⅰ: Vocabulary(20%)Section A (20×0.5%=10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. With the economy of the country going strong, the ______ mood is one of optimism. ( )A. presidingB. circulatingC. floatingD. prevailing2. She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is not ______. ( )A. consistentB. insistentC. beneficentD. resistant3. The workers of the textile mill ______ that trade union leaders be elected from the workshops. ( )A. urgedB. relatedC. combatedD. adopted4. We shall offer you advice, but you are under no ______ to follow it. ( )A. pursuitB. obligationC. commandD. instruction5. These technological advances in communication have ______ the way people do business. ( )A. revoltedB. representedC. adoptedD. transformed6. Bill is rich. His house is full of ______ such as expensive high-tech video systems and all the latest computer equipment. ( )A. luxuriesB. festivitiesC. dimensionsD. instruments7. By ______ the styles of Van Gogh and Dufy, the woman painter has produced some highly original works. ( )A. duplicatingB. assimilatingC. transferringD. molding8. We must keep things in ______ —the overall situation isn’t really that bad. ( )A. viewB. perspectiveC. prospectD. control9. The losing team were ______ in their defeat.( )A. graciousB. gratefulC. grandD. refined10. It was a shrewd move ______ to buy the house just before property prices started to rise. ( )A. on her partB. at handC. at her expenseD. on record11. The ______ of women to men at my college is about two to one. ( )A. rateB. proportionC. portionD. percentage12. In a ______ between the management and the union, a 4% pay raise was agreed on in return for an increase in productivity. ( )A. promiseB. compromiseC. collaborationD. cooperation13. Human eyes are accustomed to ______ a specific object, and once this happens, everything around the object seems to be reduced to background.( )A. pointing toB. sticking toC. focusing onD. probing into14. Samuel is always ______, never complaining about his poor health and other troubles. ( )A. carelessB. joyfulC. cheerfulD. glad15. Laws are the means by which science ______ to describe nature, not explain it. ( )A. attendsB. arrangesC. facadesD. attempts16. The ______ witness in the case said that he was not concerned with the interest, but cared only about the principle. ( )A. princessB. principleC. principalD. prince17. A ______ person is reluctant to see any change. ( )A. safeB. radicalC. conservativeD. convertible18. The statement was ______ and to the point. ( )A. briefB. uneasyC. lousyD. redundant19. This year the factory ______ almost twice as many motors as it did last year.( )A. turned downB. turned overC. turned toD. turned out20. Let’s hang up some paintings on these ______ walls.( )A. bareB. emptyC. blankD. vacantSection B (20×0.5%=10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. In each sentence there is a word or a phrase underlined. Below each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that can replace the underlined part of each sentence without changing the original meaning.21. He admitted that he had invented a cock and bull story. ( )A. absurdB. trueC. interestingD. reasonable22. He was obviously in good condition.( )A. stateB. circumstanceC. situationD. illness23. The pressure for change continued to mount.( )A. persuasionB. stressC. anxietyD. difficulty24. The harvest was set back by bad weather.( )A. delayedB. destroyedC. propelledD. reduced25. She is far and away one of the best actresses in the country.( )A. doubtfullyB. graduallyC. definitelyD. abroad26. Chinese national folk music is an important part of human intangible cultural heritage. ( )A. hypotheticalB. valuableC. nonmaterialD. unchangeable27. The government lifted the ban under the pressure of the public.( )A. removedB. alleviatedC. strengthenedD. changed28. The children were too full of beans to sit still. ( )A. very youngB. very energeticC. very noisyD. very naughty29. That car model has become obsolete. ( )A. outmodedB. out of stockC. popularD. modern30. Current demographic trends, such as the fall in the birth rate, should favourably accelerate economic growth in the long run. ( )A. modernB. rapidC. contemporaryD. nowadays31. The film “On Golden Pond” portrays to a certain extent the mentality of the old people. ( )A. activitiesB. ideasC. opinionsD. attitude of mind32. Beautiful as it is, synthetic silk will not supplant cotton apparel. ( )A. replaceB. removeC. misplaceD. take away33. My colleague, Mr. Hill, has a small but well-chosen library, where it is said he spends most of his spare time cultivating his mind. ( )A. nourishingB. tillingC. developingD. raising34. If you think photography is my hobby, your belief is quite mistaken. ( )A. fraudulentB. erroneousC. deceitfulD. illegal35. What appears to the laymen as unimportant and unrelated facts is often precious to the archaeologist. ( )A. minuteB. trivialC. diminutiveD. unpopular36. The lounge has a seating capacity of 30 people but it is too dark to read there.( )A. dimB. dingyC. gloomyD. depressed37. The constable was severely reprimanding the two young tobacco addicts.( )A. criticizingB. scorningC. reproachingD. punishing38. A policeman is sometimes is a pompous figure in children’s story books but as a matter of fact, he is very helpful in enforcing law and order.( )A. courageousB. egotisticC. gallantD. swaggering39. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles. ( )A. grewB. shoutedC. cheeredD. scattered40. Thus our conviction is reinforced that only socialist revolution can really solve the problems of the people. ( )A. argumentB. proposalC. beliefD. theoryPart II: Cloze (20×0.5%=10%)Directions: In the following passage there are 20 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to 41 enough sleep and helping adolescents feel 42 the world, a new study reported. 43 sleep among youngsters, according to the study, may 44 depression and suicidal thoughts.“Our results are 45 with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for 46 , working with other risk and protective factors 47 multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this 48 disorder,” said lead author James Gangwisch. “Adequate quality sleep could 49 be a preventative measure against depression and a 50 for depression,” he added.The study followed the 51 habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and found those who consistently went to bed after midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10∶00 pm. Night owls also ran a 20 percent higher risk of 52 suicidal thoughts.The American Academy of Sleep Medic ine recommends that adolescents 53 sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10∶00 pm reported they slept 54 about eight hours and 10 minutes. But that amount of sleep dropped 55 for those in bed after midnight. And 56 who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more likely to 57 depression and 48 percent more at risk of becoming suicidal.It is a societal expectation that adolescents do not need as much sleep as preadolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may actually 58 more sleep. Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed early enough to 59 for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be associated with significant sleep 60 . ( )41. A. get B. getting C. be getting D. have got( )42. A. at the top of B. to the top of C. on the top of D. on top of( )43. A. Lack of B. Plenty of C. An amount of D. A lack in( )44. A. trickle B. trigger C. strip D. trim( )45. A. cooperative B. constant C. consistent D. comprehensive( )46. A. depression B. frustration C. indignation D. opposition( )47. A. with B. for C. through D. under( )48. A. mood B. sense C. brain D. body( )49. A. but B. also C. still D. therefore( )50. A. protection B. treatment C. research D. direction( )51. A. daily B. nightly C. weekly D. monthly( )52. A. conflicting B. struggling C. crashing D. battling( )53. A. might B. would C. should D. could( )54. A. at least B. in detail C. on average D. by nature( )55. A. largely B. significantly C. chiefly D. unusually( )56. A. adults B. adolescents C. infants D. lads( )57. A. erupt B. encounter C. suffer D. submit( )58. A. request B. require C. appeal D. plead( )59. A. compensate B. complement C. compliment D. compromise( )60. A. syndrome B. evolution C. deprivation D. compassionPart Ⅲ: Reading Comprehension (20×2%=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best choice.(1)Mention Colombia, and most people think of cocaine, kidnappings and guerrilla violence. These have served to keep all but the most adventurous tourists away for decades. But under Alvaro Uribe, Columbia’s president since 2002, viol ence has fallen steadily and many parts of the country have become safe. Now the government is trying to replace conventional images ofColumbia with different ones: white-sand beaches, colonial cities, jungle-clad mountains and placid coffee farms.The tourism campaign has begun at home. This month, during the mid-year school holidays, thousands of Colombians have enjoyed the newly-recovered freedom to travel, using specially policed routes from major cities to favourite holiday spots. The aim now is to convince foreigners. With a promotional budget of just $4m this year, the tourism agency is concentrating its efforts on tour operators and cruise and airline executives. This spring, it invited 130 of them to see the country’s beaches, its coffee farms and the Amazon region.Mr. Uribe has himself lobbied losses of cruise-ship firms. This seems to have paid off. In May, Royal Caribbean announced that from next year some of its ships would call at Cartagena, a colonial walled port on the north coast. The Florida Caribbean Cruise Association held its annual meeting in the city last week.Tourism officials expect 1.5m foreign visitors this year, more than 50% up from the 925,000 in 2005. Mexico, Latin America’s top tourist destination, attracts 20m foreigners a y ear. Lonely Planet, a travel publisher, has chosen Colombia as one of its top ten travel hotspots for 2006, in large part because of the improvement in safety.But care is still needed. Lonely Planet advises tourists to steer clear of Choco on the Pacific coast, Putumayo in the far south and “anywhere east of the Andes”, where there are still guerrillas. America’s State Department and the British Foreign Office also warn travelers against wandering into rural areas.Even so, groups of foreign hikers have recently taken to visiting Ciudad Perdida, one of the largest and oldest pre-Columbian settlements in the Americas, in the jungles of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The area is still home to leftist guerrillas and remnants of their arch-enemies, the right-wing paramilitary militias. But the fact that many other parts of what is a large and physically beautiful country are now safe to visit amounts to progress.61. To most people, Colombia is a place full of ______.( )A. attractionB. stimulusC. surpriseD. hazard62. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.( )A. Colombians wished to travel around the country for longB. travel lines are guarded by the police to ensure safetyC. a large number of foreigners will be attracted to ColombiaD. the promotional budget for tourism will increase next year63. The phrase “paid off” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.( )A. come offB. fallen throughC. been expensiveD. been possible64. Which of the following is a safer place for travelers to go to?( )A. Choco.B. Mexico.C. Putumayo.D. Ciudad Perdida.65. The best title for the passage is ______.( )A. Colombians TravelB. The Beautiful ColombiaC. Come to Sunny ColombiaD. The Future of Colombia(2)During the meal, you’d better be careful not to leave a spoon in a soup bowl or coffee cup or any other dish. The coffee spoon ought to be on the saucer. The soup spoon ought to be on the plate under the bowl. When you are having soup, make the least noises and use the side of your spoon inside out this way, not the tip. And you mustn’t pick up your soup bowls so as to drink away the last drops of your soup from the bottom of the bowl.Very often there is only one main course and salad, followed by your sweet. If you find the meal not enough, say “Oh, it’s delicious!” and ask for some more of the chicken or steak or whatever you have just had. The hostess will be very glad that you appreciate her cooking and will give you an extra portion. But if you observe the Chines e way of being polite and say “No, thank you” when the hostess offers you more, you will most probably starve later. Because Americans will never press food on you. Yet it is not polite to keep silent and not to talk with the person next to you. It would be considered good manners if you handle your silverware with care so that they don t make any noise. When coffee comes, drink it from your cup. The coffee spoon should rest on the saucer while you are drinking. And smoking, of course, is rarely seen at a diner table. Well, when the meal is finished, the guests put their napkins on the table and stand up, the men again helping the ladies with their chairs.After the dinner, the guests usually stay for an hour or two, then they would say, “well, I’m afraid I must be going now.” The host and hostess would of course urge everyone to stay longer. “What, already? Won’t you have another coffee?” The guests, for instance, would say, “I’d love to, but I have to be up early tomorrow. Thank you for a most enjoyable eve ning. Good night.”And if you stay overnight or over the weekend, it will be courteous to send a thank-you note to the host or hostess the following day, very often with a small gift such as a box of chocolate or some flowers as a token of appreciation of their hospitality.66. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?( )A. How to Prepare for a Meal.B. Never Press Food on Your Guest.C. Table Manners in the U. S. A.D. How to Enjoy a Dinner.67. The passage suggests that ______.( )A. to make the hostess happy you should ask for more food even if you are fullB. you should keep silent at a dinner table in order to be politeC. if you want to be friendly with the person next to you, you should press food on himD. talking is necessary at a dinner table68. At a dinner table, you do all the following except ______.( )A. making the least noise possibleB. picking up your soup bowl to drink away the last dropC. handling your silverware with careD. drinking the coffee from your cup69. What does “courteous” mean in the last paragraph? ( )A. Friendly.B. Generous.C. Polite.D. Noble.70. The passage implies that ______. ( )A. different nations have different customsB. Chinese customs are quite similar to American onesC. both Chinese and Americans have soup before the main courseD. if you are polite, the hostess will press more food on you(3)I grew up deprived of hugs. Neither of my parents was the cuddly type. Greetings involving kissing caused me to wince, and hugging generally just made me feel awkward.Then one hug changed all that. One month before my 40th birthday my dad had heart surgery. As he came round, days later, he grabbed me and hugged me so hard I had to push with all my might to keep my head from pressing down on his newly stitched torso.It was a hug to make up for all those we had never had. Days later as he slowly started to gain strength he told me for the first time ever that he loved me, and through my tears I told him I loved him too.I began planning how to bake him better — with carrot cakes, Victoria sponges, jelly and ice cream. My maternal streak kicked in and I fantasized about wheeling him through the park and feeding him home-made goodies. Then he died.I felt cheated. All my life I had wondered whether my dad cared for me and loved me — I doubted it. Just as I got proof that he did, he passed away.My parents split up when I was two years old and, while I had monthly contact with my dad, my bitter stepmother and my father’s old-fashioned stiff upper lip meant we never became close. In fact, I used to dread the visits to see him and count the hours until I could go home again.When I was very little the weekends at my father’s house felt cold and unfriendly. During my teens the trips to a hostile house became a dread on the horizon for weeks beforehand. Each stay culminated in an uncomfortable peck on the cheek from Dad as he said goodbye — a moment I cringed about for hours in advance.Losing a father whom you have no recollection of ever living with is difficult. Grieving is tricky; I didn’t have any obvious close father-daughter memories to cling to and think and cry over. Most of my memories were of stilted meetings and uncomfortable times together. But I desperately missed him being alive.As time moved on my grief and anger at his untimely death began to recede. I realized that his affirmation of me from his deathbed had filled a gaping hole of insecurity I had constantly carried around.To a child a hug says so many things. It tells you that the person hugging you loves you, cares for you. A hug also confirms that you are a lovable being. Months after Dad’s death, I realized with a jolt that his lack of hugs said more about him than me. My father was not a demonstrative man and I was, therefore, perhaps, a lovable being.71. The word “wince” in Paragraph 1 means ______.( )A. withdrawB. shudderC. cryD. worry72. We can infer from the passage that ______.( )A. the father loved his daughter more than the mother didB. the father wasn’t good at expressing his inner feelingsC. the father regretted not having hugged his daughter earlierD. the father’s last wish was to tell his daughter he loved her73. Which of the following statements about the author is NOT true?( )A. She was reluctant to go to visit her father but she had to.B. She wasn’t intimate with her father partly because of his wife.C. She was awkward when her father felt uneasy during her stay.D. She disliked having to meet with her stepmother and her children.74. According to the passage, the author’s background ______.( )A. made her feel sad and depressedB. gave her a sense of insecurityC. enabled her to make great achievementsD. induced her to be far away from her father75. In the end, the author seemed to gain ______.( )A. understandingB. popularityC. confidenceD. recognition(4)For the past few years, it’s been open season on Generation Y —also known as the millennials, echo boomers or, less flatteringly, Generation Me. Once described by the trend-watchers Neil Howe and William Strauss as “the next great generation” —optimistic, idealistic and destined to do good —millennials, born between 1982 and 2002, have been depicted more recently by employers, professors and earnestly concerned mental-health experts as entitled whiners who have been spoiled by parents who overstoked their self-esteem, teachers who granted undeserved A’s and sports coaches who bestowed trophies on any player who showed up.As they’ve entered adultho od, they have inspired a number of books on how unmanageable they are in the workplace, with their iPods, flip-flops and inability to take criticism. Stories abound about them as college students, requiring 24/7 e-mail access to professors and running to Mom and Dad for help with papers or to contest a bad grade. A consensus has emerged that, psychologically, they’re a generation of basket cases: profoundly self-adoring and deprived of a sense of agency by their anxiously overinvolved parents.The behavior of many of this year’s college seniors might further fuel this story line. They are graduating into a labor market destroyed by the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. The unemployment rate for early 20-somethings is close to 20 percent. Increased applications to grad school have turned that option of sitting out the recession into a reach. Even going into teaching — hyped a year ago as the most acceptable Plan B for high achievers turned off by (or turned away from) Wall Street — has become much tougher, as school districts have been ruined by budget cuts. Yet despite the fact that the new graduates are in no position to pose conditions for employers, many are increasingly declaring themselves unwilling to work more than 40 hours a week. Graduates are turning down job offers in high numbers — essentially opting to move back home with their parents if the work offered doesn’t match their self-assessed market value.According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, which every year surveys thousands of college graduates about their job prospects and work attitudes, fully 41 percent of job seekers this year turned down offers —the exact percentage that did so in 2007, when the economy was booming. And though less than a quarter of seniors who applied for work hadpost-graduation job offers in hand by late April (compared with 52 percent in 2007), many are still approaching work with attitudes suited for a full-employment economy.“Almost universally they want to find a job that’s n ot just a job but an expression of their identity, a form of self-fulfillment,” says Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, a Clark University psychology professor who interviewed hundreds of young people.76. Today millennials are considered ______.( )A. not to be what they seem to beB. to enjoy a good reputationC. as a quite promising generationD. worthy of the honors bestowed77. Which of the following is NOT true of Generation Y? ( )A. They often lean on others for help.B. They have psychological problems.C. They think highly of themselves.D. They are obedient in the workplace.78. It seems that this year’s college graduates may ______. ( )A. receive positive reviewsB. be under heavier criticismC. suffer from more illnessesD. behave as badly as previous ones79. It can be inferred that graduates’ expectation of job is ______. ( )A. raised by their parentsB. out of touch with realityC. lowered by the realityD. rising all the time80. Generation Y gives an impression of being ______. ( )A. overratedB. shrewdC. conceitedD. prospectivePart Ⅳ: Translation (15%)Section A (2×3%=6%)Directions: Translate the two underlined sentences in the first passage into Chinese.81. This month, during the mid-year school holidays, thousands of Colombians have enjoyed the newly-recovered freedom to travel, using specially policed routes from major cities to favourite holiday spots.82. Even so, groups of foreign hikers have recently taken to visiting Ciudad Perdida, one of the largest and oldest pre-Columbian settlements in the Americas, in the jungles of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.Section B (3×3%=9%)Directions: Translate the following three sentences into English.83. 他对生活的乐观态度常常会感染队友，在队里造成一种积极向上的（positive）气氛。
7月自学考试英语(一)专项练习题及答案(7)
7月自学考试英语(一)专项练习题及答案(7)31.His best film，______ won several awards，is about the life of Martin Luthur King.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whether32.Harry Potter is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. that33.She has caught cold，because she completely forgot ______ the windows last night.A. lockingB. being lockedC. to lockD. to have locked34.It is four years ______ she came to this college.A. sinceB. thatC. afterD. when35.______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.外语学习网A. WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The manner参考答案：31.正确答案：C答案解析：译文：他的电影，曾得多个奖项，是关于马丁?路德?金的生平的。
此题考查非限制性定语从句，故用which.32.正确答案：D答案解析：译文：哈利?波特是我曾读过的最有趣的书。
先行词的定语为形容词级时要用that引导定语从句。
33.正确答案：C答案解析：译文：她感冒了，因为昨晚她完全忘记关窗户了。
此题考查动词forget的用法。
forget to do sth意为“忘记去做某事(没有做)”;forget doing sth意为“忘记已经做过的事”。
34.正确答案：A答案解析：it用做主语指一段时间four years，since的含义为“自从”，引导时间状语从句。
7月英语阅读(一)自考试题(1)
2012年7月英语阅读(一)自考试题2012年7月（全国）英语阅读(一)自考试题Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and thenwrite the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible. The river is more than 400 miles long. In its fertile valley crops are grown for food and cotton for clothing. Mud from the river bottom makes good bricks for houses. Thus ways of getting food, clothing and shelter were close for the Egyptians.The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt. Flat bottomed boats and large narrow barges carry products from one city to another. There are also passenger boats on the Nile, carrying people up and down the river. In ancient times huge blocks of stones were floated down the river on barges. These stones are used in making buildings and monuments.For thousands of years the Egyptians have depended onthe Nile for their crops. The land on both sides of the Nile is desert, where crops cannot be raisedBut crops grow well in the Nile Valley. In fact, several different crops are often grown on the same land during the same year.Once the Nile flooded each year, overflowed its banks, and carried rich soil in land every summer. These floods were caused by early summer rains.At present there is a series of dams in the Nile. Water raises high in the river each summer as usual. The people do not let the Nile flood, however. They store the water behind dams. It is now possible to use the water as needed, not just at flood time.1. In the past ______.A. there was rain all the year longB. the Nile flooded every yearC. the Nile became deeper and deeper after each rainfallD. the Nile was not a long river2. Egyptians have grown crops well ______.A. on both sides of the NileB. on the land near the desert areaC. in the Nile valleyD. far away from the desert area3. In the valley of the Nile ______.A. bricks for houses are madeB. different crops are raised on the same landC. only cotton can grow wellD. people grow all crops except cotton4. “The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt” means ______.A. cars and trucks can move as fast as possible along itB. the river bottom can serve as a road in dry seasonC. the river is an important water transportation line in EgyptD. on the river there are a lot of boats and people5. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. The Nile is the source of flood.B. The Nile is a highway for the people in Egypt.C. The flat bottomed boats have been used.D. The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possi ble.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Sleep plays a major role in preparing the body for an alertand productive tomorrow. But sleep is not a period of inactivity. The sleeping brain is highly active at various times during the night, performing numerous “house keeping tasks”. These keep us alive and aid our ability to think and remember. Sleep also energizes the body and brain. Most people spend one-third of their lives sleeping and this will affect the other two-thirds in terms of alertness, energy, moods, body weight, perception, memory, thinking, reaction time, productivity and performance.To limit sleep means our health and daytime potential are significantly reducedSo, good sleep strategies are essential in order to feel energized day after day. There is no strategy which works for everyone, so each person needs to experiment. One important thing is that you shouldn’t worry too much if you go a few nights without a lot of sleep. It won’t ruin your life. On any given night, one in four people can’t sleep properly and everyone suffers from a lack of sleep at some time.How does one minimize this problem? It is really quite simple. The first thing you must do is to reduce stress as much as possible. Stress is part of everyday life and, while we can never be entirely without stress, it can be managedThis means taking control of your life and focusing on whatis important. One sleeping strategy is to sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes and relax all your muscles, breathing easily through your nose. Continue this for ten to twenty minutes. This should help you reduce stress and sleep better. Or, you can try getting plenty of exercise, because a tired body is likely to sleep better.6. According to the passage, sleep is important because ______.A. it is a period of complete inactivity for the brainB. it helps us understand what we have already achievedC. it makes us more effective when we are awakeD. it helps us to lose weight7. Methods of getting enough sleep ______.A. vary between men and womenB. are the same for everybodyC. vary from person to personD. are based on your job8. According to the passage, being unable to sleep ______.A. affects young children the mostB. affects everybody at some timeC. is worse for those who have relaxing livesD. is likely to ruin people’s life9. A simple strategy to sleep better is to ______.A. work harder than you couldB. put your stress under controlC. breathe through your noseD. sleep on a chair instead of bed10. After a lot of physical exercise, ______.A. you should find stress increases dramaticallyB. you will become out of breathC. you should be able to enjoy better sleepD. you will not need to sleep for some timePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally some attack on the body brings our existence to an endFortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give upsuch rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organizedNo society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treatedAround this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause; songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand,the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.11. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1 ?A. Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B. Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C. Most of us are aware of the full value of health.D. Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.12. The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means“______”.A. make way forB. give power toC. write an order forD. make it possible for13. In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.A. a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB. a universal problem that affects every societyC. a social responsibility to treat ill healthD. a science that focuses on the treatment of disease14. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?A. In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B. In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C. Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.D. There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him.15. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. sociological aspects in medicineB. medical treatment of diseasesC. the development of medical scienceD. the role of religion in medicinePassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.English people are less genetically diverse today than they were in the days of the Vikings, possibly due to two deadly diseases that swept their country centuries ago, a new study says.The study compared DNA from ancient and modem Englanders and found that the country has a smaller gene pool than it did a thousand years ago.The findings come in contra st to modem England’s reputation as a cultural melting pot, where in many major cities you are as likely to hear Urdu from India or Yoruba from Nigeria being spoken on the streets as English.?Rus Hoelzel, a geneticist from the Britain’s University of Durham, and his colleagues obtained DNA samples from the skeletal remains of 48 ancient Britons who lived between A. D. 300 and 1000. The researchers studied the DNA, which was passed down from mothers to their children. By comparing the DNA with that of thousands of people from various ethnic backgrounds living in England today, they found that genetic diversity was greater in the ancient population. The team also compared the ancient DNA with samples from people living incontinental Europe and the Middle East, and found a similar lack of genetic variety.One possible explanation for this narrowing of diversity might be two major outbreaks of plague that swept England and much of Europe — the Black Death (1347 — 1351) and the Great Plague (1665 — 1666).The Black Death epidemic is estimated to have killed as much as 50 percent of the population of Europe. Three centuries later, a fifth of the population of London died in the Great Plague. However, these diseases didn’t kill randomly, Hoelzel explained“The plague killed some people while others remained resistant,” he said.Eske Willerslev, a specialist in ancient DNA from the University of Copenhagen, said he is surprised by the findings but agrees that the historic epidemics may explain the loss in diversity.Since the diseases, it appears that England hasn’t been able to make up the loss to the gene pool, despite the high rate of immigration into the country over the past 200 years.16. The modem England’s reputation as “a cultural melting pot” (Para. 3) most probably means ______.A. English people speak many different languagesB. England has a population of many different cultural originsC. England is famous for exporting melting potD. England has a close diplomatic relationship with India and Nigeria17. The DNA comparison between modern and ancient English people reveals ______.A. great changes have taken place in the genetic contents in the DNAB. DNA differs among different people from different ethnic backgroundsC. there is less DNA diversity in modern Englishmen than in their ancestorsD. modern Englishmen has the same DNA diversity as their ancestors18. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The ancient DNA used in this study was gathered from the bones of the ancient British people.B. The genetic information carried by DNA is passed to children from fathers.C. Although modern England has high immigration rate, it still suffers from poor genetic variety.D. England, European continent and Middle East all suffer from lack of genetic variety.19. The two deadly diseases, namely the Black Death and the Great Plague ______.A. affected England more than any other countries in EuropeB. broke out between the thirteenth century and the sixteenth centuryC. took less than half of the population away in EnglandD. left some people alive with resistance for the diseases20. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Willerslev was not prepared to see the lack of genetic variety in modern EnglandB. many immigrants moved to England to seek a new life after the two diseasesC. the gene bank will need to introduce more new genes to make up for its lossesD. England will need to immigrate more people to make up its gene lossII. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and then writethe corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Bois’s career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcherand as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical (经验主义的) sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city’s black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois’s Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist (妥协的;迁就的) ideology of Booker T.Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black po pulation would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.21. Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Bois’s political stand was ______.A. less popularB. more radicalC. less aggressiveD. more conservative22. According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. an editorB. an educatorC. a scholarD. an official23. It is Du Bois’s belief that ______.A. the blacks have a priority in terms of educationB. higher education should be free for all racesC. everyone has an equal right to educationD. development in education should be gradual24. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C. Washington would not support a determined and activist leadership.D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A. many blacks are prepared for leadershipB. Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacksC. Washington and Du Bois had never been friendsD. only the top 10 percent are worth educatingPassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.In Jane Collard’s opinion, stress is becoming an increasinglycommon feature of the workplace. Stress is a highly individual reaction, which varies considerably from person to person, and it is difficult for some employees to avoid it. Indeed, stress is regarded by many as part of the organizational culture of our institutions: it comes with the jobRecent figures indicate that time taken off work because of stress has increased by 50 percent since the 1950s. Undoubtedly, changes in working conditions have led to greater pressure at work at all levels. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increasedIn addition, many employees are left worrying about the security of their jobs.On the stress management courses that she runs, Jane Collard tries to make the trainees realize that stress in itself is not harmful. Everyone needs a certain level of stress to enable them to feel motivated and to perform effectively. A complete absence of stress can be as damaging as overstress, since it can make people lose interest in their work, and even lead to depression. The difficulties occur when the amount of stress rises above a level which is healthy for a particular individual. If this happens, the effects are very obvious and the trainees are taught to recognize the signs. Stress may be expressedphysically, for example through headaches and tiredness, or through emotional problems such as depression. A person suffering from stress may also start to behave differently, and can be difficult to deal with.While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number of ways in which it can be controlled The first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effectively. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short and long terms. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then prioritized on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitate to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing “wasted time”, for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immediately.Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time they are advised not to be afraid of saying “no”. They are asked to give reasons only if necessary. The training helps them toforesee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can feed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for example, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed.Life goes on.26. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT the cause of stress at work?A. Working conditions change.B. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased.C. Many employees are afraid of losing their jobs.D. The pay is lower than before.27. The purpose of the stress management courses run by Jane Collard is ______.A. to help people reduce their stressB. to make the trainees realize stress in itself is not harmfulC. to make the trainees realize stress enables people to feel motivated and to perform effectivelyD. to make the trainees realize a complete absence ofstress can lead to depression28. “Prioritize” in the third paragraph means “______”.A. arrange in orderB. give attention toC. concentrate onD. regard as29. The most useful feature of the course is that ______.A. it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonableB. it helps people realize stress is not always harmfulC. it helps people work more efficientlyD. it lets people know the relationship between work and stress30. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. Stress is not always harmful.B. Stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace.C. Jane Collard’s research on stress.D. How to prevent stress?III. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is difficult to live without a car in modern America. Cities and towns are built around the automobile. 31. ______. Future communities, while still allowing residents to own and operate cars if they so choose, must be centered not around vehicle traffic, but around foot traffic.A common argument against cars is 32. ______, are undesirable. While this is true, the automobile must be removed from urban planning not only due to pollution but also because of its unsustainable nature. Cars—and the type of city that is planned around them — use considerable resources and space that will not be available in the future. 33. ______. Although it is possible for alternative fuel sources to be developed, these will nonetheless require considerable energy use. Furthermore, many resources are consumed in the production of cars. In a world with a constantly increasing population, the manufacture of new cars is not something that can be sustained and provided to all the people of the world.Not only does the production and operation of cars drainsociety, but the attitude associated with the automobile endangers the future. It is not advantageous for individuals to drive everywhere because, as the population increases, 34. ______ —a drain on both time and resources that can be avoided with proper planning for the future.Unfortunately, current urban plans require 35. ______. Mass transit, for the most part, is hardly available to those outside of downtown areas. Even where it is available, mass transit is often limited in scope and does not provide a preferable alternative to automobiles. The desire to own cars and land accompanies this idea. This property craving is currently satiated via suburban sprawl and large houses. With burgeoning population, the inefficient land use based on the notion of property wealth needs to be discarded36. ______. Communities of the future must be designed so that businesses and homes are built next to one another.Of course, this is not possible with current cities. Most businesses are located in undesirable areas of cities. Moreover, suburban sprawl further demands that one uses a car. Suburban areas are spread out over large tracts of land; not only does this use up valuable farmland and natural areas, 37. ______. For the most part, suburban communities function asplaces to sleep; residents work and play outside of where they live. In order to create sustainable communities for future generations, it is not enough to simply pursue ideas such as mass transit. Although mass transit is an important part of any city plan, it is an alternative that distracts from the immediate problem at hand: 38. ______.Americans have a notion 39. ______. Downtown areas can be modified to lower crime and create a more attractive facade. In addition, new communities can be designed so that residential and commercial areas are zoned and built next to each other. With proper attention to building codes and planning, attractive houses and businesses can coexist. 40. ______. In return, this will eliminate the need for automobile transportation. It is not enough, however, that people merely be able to work near where they live. Shopping areas — from grocery to clothing stores — should be located near homes so that citizens do not have to travel long distances to run errands. Concurrent with this, entertainment facilities should be near homes and businesses so that an entire functioning and viable community can be within easy walking distance.(From Communities for Future Generations in the US)A. it will lead to incredible congestion within urban areasB. but people who live in suburbs are far removed from entertainment and shopping centers and must travel by car to these placesC. but it is a necessary one that must be made if the nation wishes to maintain its high standards of livingD. This is a design focus that must be avoided in the futureE. the fundamental need is to rethink how people live and what type of communities they live inF. It will be difficult for urban planners to take these stepsG. Communities must be redesigned so that people can live and work in both close quarters and comfortH. that they pollute the environment and thusI. If this is done properly, people will in fact prefer to live in these communities for convenience and ease of commute J. that they need to accumulate property wealth and this must be changedK. that anyone who wishes to lead an active life must drive a carL. Oil reserves are dwindling and will disappear within the next centuryIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word inthe brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (robber) Acting on inside information, the police were able to arrest the gang before the ______ occurred.42. (attention) He was talkative, but since he seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an ______ listener.43. (vary) I was impressed by the actors’ ______ ways of dealing with death: sadness, humors, silence, etc.44. (suggest) They will need specific ______ for problems such as speech defects or backwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions.45. (similar) The only ______ is that we are all certificated when we are born and when we die, and we are recognized bya certification of birth and death.46. (efficient) Although examinations do the job quite ______, their side effects are also enormous.47. (anxiety) The whole country was now so ______ to return to normal conditions that it took little notice of events in Europe.48. (norm) Upbringing is ______ used to refer to the。
全国高等教育自学考试英语一2012版教材答案
全国高等教育自学考试英语一2012版教材答案1. Natural foods also ________ vegetables not nourished by chemical fertilizers. [单选题] *A) haveB) include(正确答案)C) removeD) contain2. The staff in the kitchen has ________ the message that a customer wanted a special dish. [单选题] *A) received(正确答案)B) orderedC) pointedD) accepted3. You need to place the carton of fries with the McDonald’s name ________the customer.[单选题] *A) to faceB) faceC) facing(正确答案)D) faced4. Hourly output by workers ______ 1.3% in the first quarter. [单选题] *A) declined(正确答案)B) felledC) slowedD) reduced5. On ______, my mother earns 5000 yuan a month. [单选题] *A) totalB) average(正确答案)C) wholeD) balance6. The boy acted ________ he didn’t know me. [单选题] *A. so thatB. such asC. as if(正确答案)D. as soon7. The ______ between rich and poor is getting bigger and bigger in some places. [单选题] *A) differenceB) gap(正确答案)C) variationD) hole8. There are good opportunities to learn skills ________ the job. [单选题] *A) inB) aboveC) atD) on(正确答案)9. Each key on the board is ________ a different type of function. [单选题] *A) asB) for(正确答案)C) toD) with10. We became friends quite ________ accident. [单选题] *A) inB) out ofC) atD) by(正确答案)11. Hardly had I got to the cinema ________ the film began. [单选题] *A) when(正确答案)B) beforeC) afterD) then12. The country is suffering from a ________ of food. [单选题] *A) povertyB) zeroC) lackingD) shortage(正确答案)13. Do you think the film is worth ________? [单选题] *A) seeB) seeing(正确答案)C) to seeD) seen14. When it comes to ________, I’m best at preparing fish. [单选题] *A) cookerB) cookedC) cooking(正确答案)D) cook15. ________ a sense, he may be right to say that. [单选题] *A) ForB) In(正确答案)C) AtD) Without16. The food price is very frustrating. [单选题] *A) rising(正确答案)B) riseC) risen17. The teacher was by what the student said. [单选题] *A) confusingB) confused(正确答案)C) confusion18. His father is an eye . [单选题] *A) specializeB) specialC) specialist(正确答案)19. I’ve had no to my letter. [单选题] *A) responsiveB) respondC) response(正确答案)20. The government did its best to encourage . [单选题] *A) investment(正确答案)B) investC) investor21. My sister is in charge of the of births. [单选题] *A) registration(正确答案)B) registerC) registered22. The police found out about the deaths of the three men . [单选题] *A) accidentalB) accidentally(正确答案)C) accident23. If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a , or there will be no tickets. [单选题] *A) reserveB) reservedC) reservation(正确答案)24. We put up pictures and other in the classroom. [单选题] *A) decoratesB) decorativeC) decorations(正确答案)25. His mother has a great from her injury. [单选题] *A) recovery(正确答案)B) recoveredC) recover26. The government required that the factory be closed to make sure that thetourist attraction would not be polluted.[单选题] *A) 政府要求关闭那个景点以确保游客不受伤害。
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全国2012年7月自考英语阅读(一)真题试题课程代码：00595Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answe rs and thenwrite the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible. The river is more than 400 mi les long. In its fertile valley crops are grown for food and cotton for clothin g. Mud from the river bottom makes good bricks for houses. Thus ways of getting food, clothing and shelter were close for the Egyptians.The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt. Flat bottomed boats and larg e narrow barges carry products from one city to another. There are also passeng er boats on the Nile, carrying people up and down the river. In ancient times h uge blocks of stones were floated down the river on barges. These stones are us ed in making buildings and monuments.For thousands of years the Egyptians have depended on the Nile for their cr ops. The land on both sides of the Nile is desert, where crops cannot be raised But crops grow well in the Nile Valley. In fact, several different crops ar e often grown on the same land during the same year.Once the Nile flooded each year, overflowed its banks, and carried rich soi l in land every summer. These floods were caused by early summer rains.At present there is a series of dams in the Nile. Water raises high in the river each summer as usual. The people do not let the Nile flood, however. They store the water behind dams. It is now possible to use the water as needed, no t just at flood time.1. In the past ______.A. there was rain all the year longB. the Nile flooded every yearC. the Nile became deeper and deeper after each rainfallD. the Nile was not a long river2. Egyptians have grown crops well ______.A. on both sides of the NileB. on the land near the desert areaC. in the Nile valleyD. far away from the desert area3. In the valley of the Nile ______.A. bricks for houses are madeB. different crops are raised on the same landC. only cotton can grow wellD. people grow all crops except cotton4. “The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt” means ______.A. cars and trucks can move as fast as possible along itB. the river bottom can serve as a road in dry seasonC. the river is an important water transportation line in EgyptD. on the river there are a lot of boats and people5. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. The Nile is the source of flood.B. The Nile is a highway for the people in Egypt.C. The flat bottomed boats have been used.D. The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Sleep plays a major role in preparing the body for an alert and productive tomorrow. But sleep is not a period of inactivity. The sleeping brain is highly active at various times during the night, performing numerous “house keepingtasks”. These keep us alive and aid our ability to think and remember. Sleep a lso energizes the body and brain. Most people spend one-third of their lives sl eeping and this will affect the other two-thirds in terms of alertness, energy, moods, body weight, perception, memory, thinking, reaction time, productivity and performance.To limit sleep means our health and daytime potential are significantly red ucedSo, good sleep strategies are essential in order to feel energized day afte r day. There is no strategy which works for everyone, so each person needs to e xperiment. One important thing is that you shouldn’t worry too much if you go a few nights without a lot of sleep. It won’t ruin your life. On any given nig ht, one in four people can’t sleep properly and everyone suffers from a lack o f sleep at some time.How does one minimize this problem? It is really quite simple. The first th ing you must do is to reduce stress as much as possible. Stress is part of ever yday life and, while we can never be entirely without stress, it can be managed This means taking control of your life and focusing on what is important. O ne sleeping strategy is to sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes and r elax all your muscles, breathing easily through your nose. Continue this for te n to twenty minutes. This should help you reduce stress and sleep better. Or, y ou can try getting plenty of exercise, because a tired body is likely to sleep better.6. According to the passage, sleep is important because ______.A. it is a period of complete inactivity for the brainB. it helps us understand what we have already achievedC. it makes us more effective when we are awakeD. it helps us to lose weight7. Methods of getting enough sleep ______.A. vary between men and womenB. are the same for everybodyC. vary from person to personD. are based on your job8. According to the passage, being unable to sleep ______.A. affects young children the mostB. affects everybody at some timeC. is worse for those who have relaxing livesD. is likely to ruin people’s life9. A simple strategy to sleep better is to ______.A. work harder than you couldB. put your stress under controlC. breathe through your noseD. sleep on a chair instead of bed10. After a lot of physical exercise, ______.A. you should find stress increases dramaticallyB. you will become out of breathC. you should be able to enjoy better sleepD. you will not need to sleep for some timePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our live s, until finally some attack on the body brings our existence to an end Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relativ ely good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become serious ly ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as po wer, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting the individual and soc iety, the human response to sickness is always socially organizedNo society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating il l health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treatedAround this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, g roups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter i s typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establis h a cause; songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized so cieties, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and s pecialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing home s, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.11. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1 ?A. Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B. Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C. Most of us are aware of the full value of health.D. Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.12. The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means“______”.A. make way forB. give power toC. write an order forD. make it possible for13. In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as _____ _.A. a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB. a universal problem that affects every societyC. a social responsibility to treat ill healthD. a science that focuses on the treatment of disease14. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?A. In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B. In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singin g.C. Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place i n it.D. There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient a nd the one who tried to cure him.15. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. sociological aspects in medicineB. medical treatment of diseasesC. the development of medical scienceD. the role of religion in medicinePassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.English people are less genetically diverse today than they were in the day s of the Vikings, possibly due to two deadly diseases that swept their country centuries ago, a new study says.The study compared DNA from ancient and modem Englanders and found that the country has a smaller gene pool than it did a thousand years ago.The findings come in contrast to modem England’s reputation as a cultural melting pot, where in many major cities you are as likely to hear Urdu from India or Yoruba from Nigeria being spoken on the streets as English.Rus Hoelzel, a geneticist from the Britain’s University of Durham, and his colleagues obtained DNA samples from the skeletal remains of 48 ancient Britons who lived between A. D. 300 and 1000. The researchers studied the DNA, which w as passed down from mothers to their children. By comparing the DNA with that o f thousands of people from various ethnic backgrounds living in England today, they found that genetic diversity was greater in the ancient population. The te am also compared the ancient DNA with samples from people living in continental Europe and the Middle East, and found a similar lack of genetic variety.One possible explanation for this narrowing of diversity might be two major outbreaks of plague that swept England and much of Europe — the Black Death (1347 — 1351) and the Great Plague (1665 — 1666).The Black Death epidemic is estimated to have killed as much as 50 percent of the population of Europe. Three centuries later, a fifth of the population o f London died in the Great Plague. However, these diseases didn’t kill randoml y, Hoelzel explained“The plague killed some people while others remained resistant,” he said.Eske Willerslev, a specialist in ancient DNA from the University of Copenha gen, said he is surprised by the findings but agrees that the historic epidemic s may explain the loss in diversity.Since the diseases, it appears that England hasn’t been able to make up th e loss to the gene pool, despite the high rate of immigration into the country over the past 200 years.16. The modem England’s reputation as “a cultural melting pot” (Para. 3) most probably means ______.A. English people speak many different languagesB. England has a population of many different cultural originsC. England is famous for exporting melting potD. England has a close diplomatic relationship with India and Nigeria17. The DNA comparison between modern and ancient English people reveals ______.A. great changes have taken place in the genetic contents in the DNAB. DNA differs among different people from different ethnic backgroundsC. there is less DNA diversity in modern Englishmen than in their ancestorsD. modern Englishmen has the same DNA diversity as their ancestors18. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The ancient DNA used in this study was gathered from the bones of the an cient British people.B. The genetic information carried by DNA is passed to children from father s.C. Although modern England has high immigration rate, it still suffers from poor genetic variety.D. England, European continent and Middle East all suffer from lack of gene tic variety.19. The two deadly diseases, namely the Black Death and the Great Plague __ ____.A. affected England more than any other countries in EuropeB. broke out between the thirteenth century and the sixteenth centuryC. took less than half of the population away in EnglandD. left some people alive with resistance for the diseases20. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Willerslev was not prepared to see the lack of genetic variety in modern EnglandB. many immigrants moved to England to seek a new life after the two diseas esC. the gene bank will need to introduce more new genes to make up for its l ossesD. England will need to immigrate more people to make up its gene lossII. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and then writethe corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the estab lished system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the p rogress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Bois’s career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massach usetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta Univers ity Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly r esearcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous e mpirical (经验主义的) sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Stud y, in which he examined that city’s black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois’s Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on ur ban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights moveme nt. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the Nation al Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 19 09. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the N AACP In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all Americ an children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children;(2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of raci al segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist (妥协的;迁就的) ide ology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was tha t Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset th e social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.21. Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Bois’s political stand was ____ __.A. less popularB. more radicalC. less aggressiveD. more conservative22. According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT __ ____.A. an editorB. an educatorC. a scholarD. an official23. It is Du Bois’s belief that ______.A. the blacks have a priority in terms of educationB. higher education should be free for all racesC. everyone has an equal right to educationD. development in education should be gradual24. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C. Washington would not support a determined and activist leadership.D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A. many blacks are prepared for leadershipB. Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacksC. Washington and Du Bois had never been friendsD. only the top 10 percent are worth educatingPassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.In Jane Collard’s opinion, stress is becoming an increasingly common featu re of the workplace. Stress is a highly individual reaction, which varies consi derably from person to person, and it is difficult for some employees to avoid it. Indeed, stress is regarded by many as part of the organizational culture of our institutions: it comes with the jobRecent figures indicate that time taken off work because of stress has incr eased by 50 percent since the 1950s. Undoubtedly, changes in working conditions have led to greater pressure at work at all levels. With reductions in staffin g, workloads for individual employees have increasedIn addition, many employees are left worrying about the security of their j obs.On the stress management courses that she runs, Jane Collard tries to make the trainees realize that stress in itself is not harmful. Everyone needs a cer tain level of stress to enable them to feel motivated and to perform effectivel y. A complete absence of stress can be as damaging as overstress, since it can make people lose interest in their work, and even lead to depression. The diffi culties occur when the amount of stress rises above a level which is healthy fo r a particular individual. If this happens, the effects are very obvious and th e trainees are taught to recognize the signs. Stress may be expressed physicall y, for example through headaches and tiredness, or through emotional problems such as depression. A person suffering from stress may also start to behave diff erently, and can be difficult to deal with.While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number o f ways in which it can be controlledThe first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effecti vely. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short a nd long terms. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then priorit ized on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitat e to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing “wasted time”, for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immediate ly.Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it en ables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unre asonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time th ey are advised not to be afraid of saying “no”. They are asked to give reason s only if necessary. The training helps them to foresee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can f eed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for examp le, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed.Life goes on.26. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT the cause of stress at work?A. Working conditions change.B. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have inc reased.C. Many employees are afraid of losing their jobs.D. The pay is lower than before.27. The purpose of the stress management courses run by Jane Collard is ___ ___.A. to help people reduce their stressB. to make the trainees realize stress in itself is not harmfulC. to make the trainees realize stress enables people to feel motivated and to perform effectivelyD. to make the trainees realize a complete absence of stress can lead to de pression28. “Prioritize” in the third paragraph means “______”.A. arrange in orderB. give attention toC. concentrate onD. regard as29. The most useful feature of the course is that ______.A. it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they re gard as unreasonableB. it helps people realize stress is not always harmfulC. it helps people work more efficientlyD. it lets people know the relationship between work and stress30. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. Stress is not always harmful.B. Stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace.C. Jane Collard’s research on stress.D. How to prevent stress?III. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the pass age and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than nece ssary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is difficult to live without a car in modern America. Cities and towns are built around the automobile. 31. ______. Future communities, while still all owing residents to own and operate cars if they so choose, must be centered not around vehicle traffic, but around foot traffic.A common argument against cars is 32. ______, are undesirable. While this i s true, the automobile must be removed from urban planning not only due to poll ution but also because of its unsustainable nature. Cars—and the type of city that is planned around them — use considerable resources and space that will n ot be available in the future. 33. ______. Although it is possible for alternat ive fuel sources to be developed, these will nonetheless require considerable e nergy use. Furthermore, many resources are consumed in the production of cars. In a world with a constantly increasing population, the manufacture of new cars is not something that can be sustained and provided to all the people of the w orld.Not only does the production and operation of cars drain society, but the a ttitude associated with the automobile endangers the future. It is not advantag eous for individuals to drive everywhere because, as the population increases, 34. ______ —a drain on both time and resources that can be avoided with proper planning for the future.Unfortunately, current urban plans require 35. ______. Mass transit, for th e most part, is hardly available to those outside of downtown areas. Even where it is available, mass transit is often limited in scope and does not provide a preferable alternative to automobiles. The desire to own cars and land accompa nies this idea. This property craving is currently satiated via suburban sprawl and large houses. With burgeoning population, the inefficient land use based o n the notion of property wealth needs to be discarded36. ______. Communities of the future must be designed so that businesses a nd homes are built next to one another.Of course, this is not possible with current cities. Most businesses are lo cated in undesirable areas of cities. Moreover, suburban sprawl further demands that one uses a car. Suburban areas are spread out over large tracts of land;not only does this use up valuable farmland and natural areas, 37. ______. For the most part, suburban communities function as places to sleep; residents work and play outside of where they live. In order to create sustainable communitie s for future generations, it is not enough to simply pursue ideas such as mass transit. Although mass transit is an important part of any city plan, it is an alternative that distracts from the immediate problem at hand: 38. ______.Americans have a notion 39. ______. Downtown areas can be modified to lower crime and create a more attractive facade. In addition, new communities can be designed so that residential and commercial areas are zoned and built next to each other. With proper attention to building codes and planning, attractive ho uses and businesses can coexist. 40. ______. In return, this will eliminate the need for automobile transportation. It is not enough, however, that people mer ely be able to work near where they live. Shopping areas — from grocery to clo thing stores — should be located near homes so that citizens do not have to tr avel long distances to run errands. Concurrent with this, entertainment facilit ies should be near homes and businesses so that an entire functioning and viabl e community can be within easy walking distance.(From Communities for Future Generations in the US)A. it will lead to incredible congestion within urban areasB. but people who live in suburbs are far removed from entertainment and sh opping centers and must travel by car to these placesC. but it is a necessary one that must be made if the nation wishes to main tain its high standards of livingD. This is a design focus that must be avoided in the futureE. the fundamental need is to rethink how people live and what type of comm unities they live inF. It will be difficult for urban planners to take these stepsG. Communities must be redesigned so that people can live and work in both close quarters and comfortH. that they pollute the environment and thusI. If this is done properly, people will in fact prefer to live in these co mmunities for convenience and ease of commuteJ. that they need to accumulate property wealth and this must be changed K. that anyone who wishes to lead an active life must drive a carL. Oil reserves are dwindling and will disappear within the next centuryIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form o f the word inthe brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (robber) Acting on inside information, the police were able to arrest t he gang before the ______ occurred.42. (attention) He was talkative, but since he seemed inclined to talk abou t me I was prepared to be an ______ listener.43. (vary) I was impressed by the actors’ ______ ways of dealing with deat h: sadness, humors, silence, etc.44. (suggest) They will need specific ______ for problems such as speech de fects or backwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions.45. (similar) The only ______ is that we are all certificated when we are b orn and when we die, and we are recognized by a certification of birth and death.46. (efficient) Although examinations do the job quite ______, their side e ffects are also enormous.47. (anxiety) The whole country was now so ______ to return to normal condi tions that it took little notice of events in Europe.48. (norm) Upbringing is ______ used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home.49. (break) Hitler’s ______ promises included an attack on Poland, which B ritain and France were bound by treaty to defend.50. (intense) After many hours of surgery and weeks of ______ care, Jerry w。