Ultrasonic test for resistance welding
管道零件英文缩写
1管子及管件1. 1 P 管子Pipe钢管的厚度在10mm以上的都称之为厚壁埋弧焊管埋弧焊的英文标识为SAW,直缝埋弧焊钢管的简称为LSAW,螺旋埋弧焊钢管为SSAWLSAW 钢管Longitudinally Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 直缝双面埋弧焊钢管，它是利用埋弧焊技术生产的。
SAW 全称Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管1.2EL 弯头Elbow1.2. 1 ELL 长半径弯头Long radius elbow1.2. 2 ELS 短半径弯头Short radius elbow1.2.3MEL斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）Mitre elbow1.2. 4 REL 异径弯头Reducing elbow1.3T 三通Tee1.3. 1 LT 斜三通Lateral tee1.3. 2 RT 异径三通Reducing tee1.4 R异径管接头（大小头）Reducer1.4. 1 CR同心异径管接头（同心大小头）Concentric reducer 1.4. 2 ER偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头）Eccentric reducer 1.5 CPL 管箍Coupling1.□. 1 FCPL 双头管箍Full coupling1.5. 3 RCPL 异径管箍Reducing coupling1.6BU内外螺纹接头Bushing1.7UN 活接头Union1.8 HC 软管接头Hose coupler1.9 SE翻边短节Stub end1.10 NIP 短节Pipe nipple or straight nipple1.10. 1 SNIP 异径短节Swaged nipple1.11 CP管帽（封头）Cap1.12 PL管堵（丝堵）Plug1. 13 BLK 盲板Blank1. 13. 1 SB 8 字盲板Spectacle blind （blank）1. 14 RP 补强板Reinforcing pad支管台（或称加强管接头OLET加强管接头（OLET）的选用:当支管直径50SDNS200,选用不到标准三通时，应采用加强管接头连接。
ISO 焊接相关标准2022更新
ISO 焊接相关标准目录（2022年出版）
本目录可以用于了解最新焊接相关标准状态，作为追踪标准状态目录文件。
本目录为2022年更新。
ISO焊接相关标准目录，包括ISO标准分类组别25.160—焊接，硬钎焊和软钎焊,包括气焊，电弧焊，等离子焊，电子束焊，等离子切割等。
1.2 ISO 25.160.10 焊接工艺方法相关标准，包括热切割和堆焊标准
1.3 ISO 25.160.20 焊接填充材料相关标准，包括电极、填充金属和气体等相关标准
1.4 ISO 25.160.30 焊接设备相关标准，包括热切割设备
1.4 ISO 25.160.40 焊缝和焊接接头相关标准，包括焊接位置和焊接接头的破坏性和非破坏性试验
1.5 ISO 25.160.50 软钎焊和硬钎焊相关标准，包括硬钎焊和软钎焊合金和设备。
ASME标准中常用词汇翻译
types of attachment 附件类型
Bolts 螺栓
Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面
expanded 胀接
from vessels to safety valves 由容器至安全阀
studded 双头螺栓
threaded 螺纹
Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力
Conical heads 锥形封头
Conical sections 圆锥截面
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ASME标准中常用词汇翻译（一）
时间：2009-05-16 23:08:44 来源： 作者： 访问量：501
Abrasion, allowance for 磨损，裕量
Clearance between surfaces to be brazed 钎焊表面间的间隙
Combination, of different materials 不同材料组合
of methods of fabrication制造方法
strength of 强度
Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊，钎焊的表面清理
fabrication by 用……制造
filler metal 填充金属
quality factor 质量系数
specifications 标准
Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头
Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件，小件
焊接专用英文词汇
焊接专用英文词汇1.1 焊接方法焊接方法与设备（Welding process& facility）手工电弧焊(MAW:manual arc welding)电弧焊（arc welding）埋弧电弧焊（SAW：submerged arc welding）气焊（gas welding）氩弧焊（argon arc welding）气体保护电弧焊 CO2保护焊(CO2 shielded arc welding)熔化焊（GMAW—gas metal arc welding）fusion welding 电渣焊(ESW—electroslag welding)激光焊(LW—laster welding)等离子焊(PAW—plasma arc welding)摩擦焊（FRW—friction welding）焊接压力焊超声波焊（UW—ultrasonic welding）welding pressure welding 冷压焊（CPW—cold pressure welding）锻焊（FW—forge-welding）对焊butt welding电阻焊(RW—resistance welding) 缝焊seam welding点焊spot welding烙铁钎焊 iron soldering火焰钎焊 torch brazing/ torch soldering钎焊炉中钎焊 furnace brazing/ furnace solderingsoldering/brazing 盐浴钎焊 saltbath dip brazing (soldering)真空钎焊 vacuum brazing堆焊 overlaying welding平焊 downhand welding/flat welding横焊 horizontal welding立焊 vertical welding仰焊 overhead welding全位置焊 all position welding/positional welding半自动电弧焊 Semi-automatic arc welding钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊 (TIG) tungsten inert-gas arc welding熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊（MIG）metal inert-gas arc welding 1.2 焊接设备电弧焊机 arc welding machine直流弧焊机 DC arc welding machine交流弧焊机 AC arc welding machine交直流两用弧焊机 AC/DC arc welding machine氩弧焊机 argon arc welding machine二氧化碳弧焊机 CO2 arc welding machine埋弧焊机 submerged arc welding machine焊接机头 welding head行走机构 traveller送丝机构 wire feeder焊丝盘 wire reel焊钳 electrode holder焊枪 welding gun碳弧气割 carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨 flame gouging焊接夹具 welding jig/ fixture等离子弧焊机 plasma arc welding machine等速送丝方式 constant wire-feed system变速送丝方式 alternate wire-feed system点焊机 spot welding machine缝焊机 seam welding machine对焊机 butt resistance welding machine凸焊机 projection welding machine2、焊接材料及焊接工艺（welding materials& procedure）2.1 焊接材料碳钢 carbon steel合金钢 alloy steel不锈钢 stainless steel耐热钢 high-temprature steel铸铁 casting铜/黄铜 copper青铜 bronze铝 aluminium镁 magnisium钛 titanium钨 tungsten镍 nickel铬 chromium2.2 焊接工艺焊接技能 welding technique焊接方法 welding process焊接工艺welding procedure焊接操作 welding operation焊接顺序 welding sequence焊接方向 welding progress焊缝宽度 weld width焊缝厚度 weld throat焊缝余高 weld reinforcement焊缝长度 weld length焊接参数 welding parameter焊接电流 welding current焊接速度 welding speed焊接电压 welding voltage焊接变形 welding deformation根部间隙 root opening焊缝正面 face of weld焊缝背面 root surface of weld对接接头 butt joint角接接头 corner joint焊接性 weldabilityT型接头 T- joint搭接接头 lap joint十字接头 cruciform joint热影响区 heat-affected zone接头设计 joint design熔合线 weld interface过热区 overheated zone后热 postheat预热 preheat熔深 depth of fusion焊道 weld bead焊缝成型系数 form factor of the weld碳当量 carbon equivalent焊接经验 welding experience考试机构 examining body焊接工艺规程（WPS） welding procedure specification标准焊接工艺规程（SWPS）standard welding procedure specification 工艺评定记录（PQR） procedure qualification record焊接工艺预规程（pWPS）preliminary welding procedure specification 试验的焊接材料 tested welding materials/consumable焊接管理人员 welding co-ordination/manage personnel预生产焊接试验 pre-production welding test3、焊接缺陷与无损检验（welding defects and non-destructive test）3.1 焊接缺陷夹渣 slag inclusion夹钨 tungsten inclusion夹杂物 inclusion白点 fish eye气孔 porosity烧穿 burn-through咬边 undercut焊接裂纹 welding crack焊瘤 overlap弧坑裂纹 crater crack弧坑 pit/crater热裂纹 hot crack冷裂纹 cold crack延迟裂纹 delayed crack层状撕裂 lamellar tearing纵向裂纹 longitudinal crack横向裂纹 transverse crack焊接应变 welding strain焊接残余应力 welding residual stress焊接应力 welding stress焊接变形 welding deformation未焊透 incomplete penetration, lack of penetration 未熔合 incomplete fusion,lack of penetration3.2 无损检验试件 test piece试样 test specimen无损检验 non-destuctive test/examination裂纹试验 cracking test外观检验 visual examination耐压试验 pressure test射线探伤 radiographic inspection面弯试验 face bend testing超声波探伤 ultrasonic inspection背弯试验 root bend test磁粉探伤 magnetic particle inspection侧弯试验 side bend testX射线探伤 X-ray radiographic inspection横弯试验 horizontal bend test破坏检验 destructive test纵弯试验 axial bend test渗透探伤 penetration/transmission inspection4、焊接生产及安全（welding production&safety）焊接工作台 welding bench焊接操作台 welding manipulator焊接变位器 welding positioner焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform质量检查 QC=quality control质量保证 QA=quality assurance焊接车间 welding shop面罩 helmet滤光玻璃 filter plate焊工手套welder’s glove电焊电缆 Welding cable电焊发动机 Welding generator焊接电源 Welding source电焊工 manual arc welder气焊工 gas welder焊把 weld handle焊枪 welding pistol焊接烟尘 welding fume防护鞋 shielding shoes焊工尘肺 pheumocomsis of welder焊接检验员 weld inspector焊工合格证 welder qualification certification焊工操作资格 welder performance/operation qualification。
ISO接头标准
塑料管和配件.电熔焊接头的自动识别系统
Plastics pipes and fittings - Automatic recognition systems forelectrofusionjoints
ISO 13953-2001
聚乙烯管材和管件拉申强度的测定和熔接对接接头试件的失效模型
IEC 62275-2006
电缆管理系统.电器设备用电缆接头
Cable management systems - Cable ties for electrical installations
ISO 10042 Technical Corrigendum 1-2006
焊接.铝和铝合金的弧焊接头.缺陷质量分级.技术勘误1
电熔焊接头的自动识别系统plasticspipesandfittingsautomaticrecognitionsystemsforelectrofusionjointsiso139532001聚乙烯管材和管件拉申强度的测定和熔接对接接头试件的失效模型polyethylenepepipesandfittingsdeterminationofthetensilestrengtandfailuremodeoftestpiecesfromabuttfusedjointiso146151997粘合剂结构型粘合剂粘结接头的耐久性荷载下暴露在湿度和温度之中adhesivesdurabilityofstructuraladhesivejointsexposuretohumidityandtemperatureunderloadiso14651989航空器液态氧充填接头相配尺寸aircraft
ISO 10955-1999
航空航天航空器操纵钢丝绳用末端接头和松紧套筒技术规范
管道工程英文术语缩写
管道工程英文术语缩写管道工程英文术语缩写（中英对照）1.管子及管件P 管子 PipeEL 弯头ELL 长半径弯头ELS 短半径弯头MEL 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）REL 异径弯头T 三通 TeeLT 斜三通RT 异径三通R 异径管接头（大小头） ReducerCR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头） Concentric reducer ER 偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头） Eccentric reducer CPL 管箍 Coupling FCPL 双头管箍 Full couplingHCPL 单头管箍 Half couplingRCPL 异径管箍 Reducing couplingBU 内外螺纹接头 BushingUN 活接头 UnionHC 软管接头 Hose couplerSE 翻边短节 Stub endNIP 短节 Pipe nipple or straight nippleSNIP 异径短节 Swaged nippleCP 管帽（封头） CapPL 管堵（丝堵） PlugBLK 盲板 BlankSB 8字盲板 Spectacle blind (blank)RP 补强板 Reinforcing pad2.法兰 FLG 法兰 FlangeWNF 对焊法兰 Welding neck flangeSOF 平焊法兰 Slip-on flangeSWF 承插焊法兰 Socket-welding flangeT 螺纹法兰 Threaded flangeLJ 松套法兰 Lapped joint flangeREDF 异径法兰 Reducing flangeBF 法兰盖（日法兰） Blind flangeFSF 法兰密封面 Flange scaling FF 全平面 Flat face RF 凸台面Raised faceMFF 凹凸面 Male and female faceLF 凹面 Female faceLM 凸面 Male faceRJ 环连接面 Ring joint faceTG 榫槽面 T ongue and groove faceTF 榫面 T ongue faceGF 槽面 Groove face3.垫片 G 垫片 GasketNMG 非金属垫片 Non-metallic gasketAG 石棉垫片 Asbestos gasketRG 橡胶垫片 Rubber gasketTEG 聚四氟乙烯包复垫片 PTFE envelope gasketSMG 半金属垫片 Semimetallic gasketMJG 金属包垫片 Meta-jacket gasketSWG 缠绕式垫片 Spiral wound gasketMG 金属垫片 Metallic gasketFMG 金属平垫片 Flat metallic gasketSMSG 齿形金属垫片 Solid metal serrated gasketLER 透镜式金属环垫 Lens ring gasketOCR 八角形金属环垫 Octagonal ring gasketOVR 椭圆形金属环垫 Oval ring gaksetIR/OR 内外定位环 Inner ring and outer ringIR 内定位环 Inner ringOR 外定位环 Outer ring4.坚固件 B 螺栓 BoltSB 螺柱 Stud boltNU 螺母 NutTB 花蓝螺母 TurnbuckleWSR 垫圈 WasherSWSR 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer5.阀门 GV 闸阀 Gate valveGLV 截止阀 Globe valveCHV 止回阀 Check valveBUV 蝶阀 Butterfly valveBAV 球阀 Ball valvePV 旋塞阀 Plug valve (cock)CV 调节阀 Control valveSV 安全阀 Safety valveRV 减压阀 Pressure reducing valveST 蒸汽疏水阀 Steam trapPRV 泄压阀 Pressur relief valveBV 呼吸阀 Breather valveNV 针形阀 Needle valveAV 角阀DV 隔膜阀TWV 三通阀SGV 插板阀6.管道上用的小型设备SPR 气液分离器Separator FA 阻火器Flame arresterSR 过滤器 StrainerSRY Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerSRT T型过滤器 T-type strainerSRB 桶式过滤器 Bucket type strainerTSR 临时过滤器 Temporary strainerSIL 消声器 SilencerSG 视镜 Slight glassSC 取样冷却器 Sample coolerDF 排液漏斗 Drain funnelLM 管道混合器 Line mixerRO 限流孔板 Restriction orificeMO 混合孔板 Mixing orificeRD 爆破片（爆破膜） Rupture diskEJ 补偿器 Expansion joint7.隔热、伴热 INS 隔热 Thermal insulationH 保温 Hot insulationC 保冷 Cold insulationP 防烫伤隔热 Personnel protection insulationT&I 伴热 Tracing and insulationT 管道伴热（冷） TracingEST 蒸汽外伴热 External steam tracingIST 蒸汽内伴热 Internal steam tracingSJT 蒸汽夹套伴热 Steam-jacket tracingET 电伴热 Electric tracing8.配管材料和等级 M 金属材料 Metallic material CS 碳钢 Carbon steelCAS 铸钢 Cast steelFS 锻钢 Forged steelAS 合金钢 Alloy steelSS 不锈钢 Stainless steelAUSTSS 奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless-steelCI 铸铁 Cast ironMI 可锻铸铁 Malleable ironDI 球墨铸铁 Ductile ironAL 铝 AluminumBRS 黄铜 BrassBRZ 青铜 BronzeCU 紫铜 CopperLAS 低合金钢 Low alloy steelFLAS 低合金锻钢 Forged low alloy steelCLAS 低合金铸钢 Cast low alloy steelTHK 壁厚 ThicknessSCH 表号 Schedule numberSTD 标准 StandardXS 加强 Extra strongXXS 特强 Double extra strong9.装置布置 CN 建北 Construction northE 东 EastW 西 WestS 南 SouthN 北 NorthH 水平 HorizontalV 竖直、铅直、直立 VerticalGRD 地坪 GroundUG 地下 UndergroundBL 装置边界线 Battery limit lineESEW 事故沐浴洗眼器 Emergency shower and eye washer HS 软管站 Hose stationML 接续分界线 Match linePS 管道支架（管架） Piping supportPR 管桥 Pipe rackSTRU 构架（构筑物） StructureBLDG 建筑物 BuildingPD 清扫设施 Purge devicePT 池 PitSHLT 棚 ShelterCOFF 围堰 CofferdamFL 楼板 FloorPF 平台 Plateform10.尺寸标注 EL 标高 Elevation BOP 管底 Bottom of pipe COP 管中心Center of pipeTOP 管顶 Top of pipeFOB 底平 Flat on bottomFOT 顶平 Flat on topCL(屯) 中心线 Center lineTL 切线 Tangent lineSYM 对称的 SymmetricalBOS 支架底 Bottom of supportTOS 支架顶 Top of supportCL 净距（净空） ClearanceCTC 中心至中心 Center to centerCTF 中心至面 Center to faceCTE 中心至端部 Center to endETE 端到端 End to endFEF 法兰端面 Flange and faceFTF 面到面 Face to faceD 直径 DiameterDN 公称直径 Nominal diameterID 内径 Inside diameterOD 外径 Outside diameterDIM 尺寸 DimensionMAX 最大 MaximumMIN 最小 MinimumAVG 平均 AverageAPP 约、近似 Approximate点标高 Point elevation11.图表 PFD 工艺流程图 Process flow diagramPID 管道和仪表流程图 Piping & instrument diagramCOD 接续图 Continued on drawingDTL 详图 DatailSPDWG(ISODWG) 管段图 Spool drawing (each line isometric drawing) DWGNO 图号 Drawing numberDWGI 所在图号 Drawing identificationLOW 材料表 List of materialMTO 汇料 Material take-offAPPX 附录 AppendixJOB. No. 工号 Job NumberBEDD 基础工程设计数据 Basic engineering design dataDEDD 详细工程设计数据 Detail engineering design dataREV. No. 修改号 Recision numberREFDWG 参考图 Reference drawingSC 采样接口 Sample connection12.操作方式及工作参数 AUT 自动 AutomaticML 手动 Manual controlCHOP 链条操作 Chain operatedCSC 铅封关 Car seal closeCSO 铅封开 Car seal openLC 锁闭 Lock closedLO 锁开 Lock openNC 正常关 Normally closeNO 正常开 Normally openATM 大气压 AtmospherePN 公称压力 Nominal pressureA 绝压G 表压(T) 温度 Temperature(P) 压力 Pressure13.施工 W 焊接 WeldingAW 电弧焊 Arc weldingGSAW 气体保护电弧焊 Gas shielded-acr welding EFW 电熔焊Elecric fusion weldingERW 电阻焊 Electric Resistance weldingGW 气焊 Gas weldingLW 搭接焊 Lap weldingBW 对焊 Butt weldingTW 定位焊 Tack weldingSW 承插焊 Socket weldingCW 连续焊 Continuous weldingSEW 密封焊 Seal weldingSFG 堆焊 SurfacingFW 现场焊接 Field weldingHT 热处理 Heat treatmentPH 预热 PreheatingSR 应力消除 Stress reliefPWHT 焊后热处理 Post weld heat treatmentEIT 检查、探伤和实验 Examination, inspection & testing VE 外观检查 Visual examinationUI (UT) 超声探伤 Ultrasonic inspection (test)RI (RT) 射线探伤 Radiographic inspection (test)MPI (MT) 磁粉探伤 Magnetic particle inspection (test)LPI (PT) 液体渗透检验 Liquid penterant inspection (test) HADT 硬度实验 Hardness testingHYDT 水压实验 Hydraulic testingPNET 气压实验 Pneumatic testingCE 焊条 Covered electrodeWW 焊丝 Welding wireASSY 装配、组合 AssemblyF 现场 FieldF/F 现场制造 Field faricatedSF 现场决定 Suit in fieldCSP 冷紧 Cold springBCT 螺栓冷紧 Bolt cold tighteningBHY 螺栓热紧 Bolt hot tighteningCO 清洗口 Clean outANNY 退火 AnnealedPE 平端面 Plain endBE 坡口端 Belelled endTHR 螺纹 ThreadHB 布氏硬度 Brinnel hardnessRC 洛氏硬度14.其他 FDN 基础 FoundationINF 信息（资料） InformationREF 参考 ReferenceREV 修改 RevisionSEQ 序号（顺序） SequenceW/E 设备带来 With equipmentW/I 仪表带来 With instrumentCM 色标 Colour markCA 腐蚀裕度 Corrosion allowanceUTL 公用系统 UtilityUC 公用工程接头 Utility connectionQTY 数量 QuantityWT 重量 WeightMHR 工时 Man hourBC 螺栓分布圆 Bolt circleHP 高点 High pointLP 低点Low pointSUC 吸入（口） SuctionDIS 排出（口） DischargeSO 蒸气吹扫（口） Steam outNPT 美国标准锥管螺纹 National standard taper pipe thread NPS 美国标准直管螺纹 National standard straight pipe thread DR 排液 DrainVT 放气 VentRTG （压力）等级 RatingCL 等级 ClassSMLS 无缝 Seamless螺旋缝。
ASTM A178-A178M-2002 电阻焊接碳素钢和碳锰钢锅炉和过热器管的标准规范
Designation:A 178/A 178M –02Standard Specification forElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes 1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 178/A 178M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1This specification 2covers minimum-wall-thickness,electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes,boiler flues,superheater flues,and safe ends.N OTE 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.1.2The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1⁄2to 5in.[12.7to 127mm]in outside diameter and 0.035to 0.360in.[0.9to 9.1mm],inclusive,in minimum wall thickness.Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished,provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.1.3Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1⁄8in.[3.2mm]in inside diameter or 0.015in.[0.4mm]in thickness.1.4Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired,shall be so stated in the order.1.5The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be used independently of the bining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon,Ferritic Alloy,and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes 3E 213Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing 4E 273Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal Welded Pipe and Tubing 43.Ordering Information3.1Orders for material under this specification should include the following,as required,to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1Quantity (feet,metres,or number of lengths),3.1.2Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),3.1.3Grade (A,C,or D,Table 1),3.1.4Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),3.1.5Length (specific or random),3.1.6Optional requirements (product analysis,Section 7;crush test,Section 10;hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test,11.6),3.1.7Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-cation A 450/A 450M),3.1.8Specification designation,3.1.9Individual supplementary requirements,if required,and3.1.10Special requirements.4.Manufacture4.1The steel for Grade D shall be killed.4.2Tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding.5.Heat Treatment5.1After welding,all tubes shall be heat treated at a temperature of 1650°F [900°C]or higher and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-atmosphere furnace.Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F [650°C]or higher.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Sept.10,2002.Published November 2002.Originally published as A 178–st previous edition A 178/A 178M –95(2002).2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-178in Section II of that Code.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol 01.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 03.03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.Chemical Composition6.1The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table1.6.2When a grade is ordered under this specification,sup-plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of any element other than those listed in Table1is not permitted.7.Product Analysis7.1When requested on the purchase order,a product analy-sis shall be made by the manufacturer or supplier from one tube per100pieces for sizes over3in.[76.2mm]and one tube per 250pieces for sizes3in.[76.2mm]and under;or when tubes are identified by heat,one tube per heat shall be analyzed.The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.7.2If the original test for product analysis fails,retests of two additional lengths offlat-rolled stock or tubes shall be made.Both retests,for the elements in question,shall meet the requirements of the specification;otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lot(Note2)shall be rejected or,at the option of the producer,each length offlat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for acceptance.Lengths offlat-rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the specifications shall be rejected.N OTE2—A lot consists of250tubes for sizes3in.[76.2mm]and under and of100tubes for sizes over3in.[76.2mm],prior to cutting to length.8.General Requirements8.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A450/A450M unless otherwise provided herein.9.Tensile Requirements9.1Grade C and D tubes shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table2.N OTE3—Explanatory Note—For purposes of design the following tensile properties may be assumed for Grade A tubes:Tensile strength,min,ksi[MPa]47[325]Yield Strength,min,ksi[MPa]26[180] Elongation in2in.or50mm,min,%3510.Crush Test10.1When required by the purchaser,crushing tests shall be made on sections of tube21⁄2in.[63mm]in length which shall stand crushing longitudinally without cracking,splitting,or opening at the weld,as follows:Wall Thickness ofTubes,in.[mm]Height of Crushed Section,in.[mm]Grade A Tubes Grade C and D Tubes0.135[3.43]and under3⁄4[19]or until outsidefolds are in contactCrush tests not required Over0.135[3.43]11⁄4[32]...10.2Table3gives the computed minimum elongation values for each1⁄32-in.[0.8mm]decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values shown above,the minimum elongation value shall be determined by the following equation:E548t115.00@E51.87t115.00#where:E=elongation in2in.or50mm,%,and,t=actual thickness of specimen,in.[mm].10.3For tubing less than1in.[25.4mm]in outside diameter,the length of the specimen shall be21⁄2times the outside diameter of the tube.Slight surface checks shall not be cause for rejection.11.Mechanical Tests Required11.1Flattening Test:11.1.1For Grade A,oneflattening test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot(Note2)or fraction thereof,and from each2000ft[600m]or fraction thereof of safe-end material.11.1.2For Grades C and D,oneflattening test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot(Note2)or fraction thereof.11.2Flange Test:11.2.1For Grade A,oneflange test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot(Note2)orTABLE1Chemical RequirementsElementComposition,%Grade A,Low-CarbonSteelGrade C,Medium-Carbon SteelGrade D,Carbon-Man-ganese SteelCarbon0.06–0.180.35max0.27max Manganese0.27–0.630.80max 1.00–1.50 Phosphorus,max0.0350.0350.030 Sulfur,max0.0350.0350.015 Silicon......0.10minTABLE2Tensile RequirementsGrade C Grade D Tensile strength,min,ksi[MPa]60[415]70[485] Yield strength,min,ksi[MPa]37[255]40[275] Elongation in2in.or50mm,min,%3030 For longitudinal strip tests a deduction foreach1⁄32-in.[0.8mm]decrease in wallthickness below5⁄16in.[8mm]from thebasic minimum elongation of thefollowing percentage points shall bemade.1.50A 1.50AA See Table3for the computed minimum values.TABLE3Minimum Elongation ValuesWall Thickness Elongation in2in.or50mm,min,%A in.mm5⁄16(0.312)8309⁄32(0.281)7.2291⁄4(0.250) 6.4277⁄32(0.219) 5.6263⁄16(0.188) 4.8245⁄32(0.156)4221⁄8(0.125) 3.2213⁄32(0.094) 2.4201⁄16(0.062) 1.618A Calculated elongation requirements shall be rounded to the nearest wholenumber.fraction thereof,and from each2000ft[600m]or fraction thereof of safe-end material.11.2.2For Grades C and D,oneflange test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot(Note2)or fraction thereof.The width of theflange shall not be less than 75%of that specified in Specification A450/A450M.11.3Crush Test—For Grade A,when required by the purchaser,one crush test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot(Note2)or fraction thereof, and from each2000ft[600m]or fraction thereof of safe-end material.11.4Tension Test—For Grades C and D,one tension test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot.The term lot for tension test requirements applies to all tubes prior to cutting,of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness,which are produced from the same heat of steel. Whenfinal heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace,a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge.When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace,a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat,heat treated in the same furnace,at the same temperature,time at heat,and furnace speed.11.5Reverse Flattening Test—One reverseflattening test shall be made on each1500ft[450m]offinished tubing.11.6Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test—Each tube shall be subjected to either the hydrostatic or the nonde-structive electric test.The purchaser may specify which test is to be used.12.Forming Operations12.1When inserted in the boiler,tubes shall withstand expanding and beading without showing cracks orflaws,or opening at the weld.When properly manipulated,superheater tubes shall withstand all forging,welding,and bending opera-tions necessary for application without developing defects. 13.Product Marking13.1In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A450/A450M,the letters“ERW”shall be legibly stenciled on each tube,or marked on a tag attached to the bundle or box in which the tubes are shipped.13.2The manufacturer’s name or symbol may be placed permanently on each tube by rolling or light stamping before normalizing.If a single stamp is placed on the tube by hand, this mark should not be less than8in.[200mm]from one end of the tube.14.Keywords14.1boiler tube;resistance welded steel tube;steel tube, carbon;welded steel tubeSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements may become a part of the specification when specified in the inquiry or invitation to bid,and production order or contract.These requirements shall not be considered,unless specified in the order and the necessary tests shall be made at the mill.S1.Additional Testing of Welded Tubing for ASME RequirementsS1.1The weld seam of each tube shall be subjected to an ultrasonic inspection employing Practices E273or E213with the rejection criteria referenced in Specification A450/ A450M.S1.2If Practice E273is employed,a100%volumetric inspection of the entire length of each tube shall also be performed using one of the nondestructive electric tests per-mitted by Specification A450/A450M.S1.3The test methods described in the supplement may not be capable of inspecting the end portions of tubes.This condition is referred to as end effect.This portion,as deter-mined by the manufacturer,shall be removed and discarded. S1.4In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A450/A450M,“S1”shall be added after the gradedesignation.This section identifies the location of selected changes to this specification that have been incorporated sincethe last edition,A178/A178M-95(2002),as follows:(1)Paragraph1.4was deleted and the subsequent subsections(3)Specification A226/A226M was deleted from Section2. were renumbered.(2)Paragraph 2.1was revised to delete the reference toSpecification A520.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。
超声波探伤报告英语
超声波探伤报告英语全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Ultrasonic testing reportIntroduction:Purpose of the test:The purpose of this ultrasonic testing is to assess the integrity and quality of a weld joint in a steel structure. The weld joint is a critical part of the structure and must be free from any defects that could compromise its strength and durability.Procedure:Results:第二篇示例：Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a non-destructive testing technique that uses high frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws or characterize materials. It is commonly used in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, and manufacturing to ensure the quality and integrity of materials and components.In this ultrasonic testing report, we will discuss the basic principles of UT, the equipment and procedures used, and provide an example of a UT inspection report.1. Basic Principles of Ultrasonic Testing2. Equipment and ProceduresThe procedure for conducting an ultrasonic test involves the following steps:Date: May 15, 2021Client: ABC Manufacturing Company第三篇示例：超声波探伤（Ultrasonic Testing，UT）是一种常用于材料和结构检测的无损检测技术，它利用超声波在材料内部传播的原理，通过探头发射超声波进入被检测材料内部，根据超声波的传播和反射情况来判断材料的内部结构和缺陷情况。
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RexrothBosch GroupBosch Rexroth电阻焊检测历史上的最新革新-超声波检测Film超声波接受端 超声波信号处理器Electric Drives & ControlsBranch Mounting / HandlingWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexStart超声波发射端子RexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingFilmUS TitleElectric Drives & ControlsBranch Mounting / HandlingWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexStartAutomatic Ultrasonic TestNon – destructive during the welding processRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingUS testing methods Testing Methods Resistance WeldingUS Titel Electric Drives & ControlsManual testing by hammer and cisel- Fixed test cycles - Rough information about diameter of nuggetBranch Mounting / HandlingStandard manual ultrasonic test- single test places - High education level of testing personal required - Uncertain information about nugget diameterWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexDestructive testing- Complete destruction of the car body with measurement of the nugget diameterStartAutomatic Ultrasonic TestNon – destructive during the welding processRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance Welding Quality assurance by Ultrasonic RegulatorTransparency of welding process Automatic and non – destructive test of the welding nugget during the welding process Monitoring and assurance of nugget quality, compensation of disturbances Reduction of manual testing by higher process safety and reproducibility Protocol of testing and welding dataUS advantagesElectric Drives & ControlsBranch Mounting / HandlingWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexStartRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingUS FunctionFunction of the Ultrasonic RegulatorElectric Drives & ControlsThe growth of the welding nugget is recorded via an independant parameter: ultrasonic transmission Direct comparison between command and actual value during the welding process Disturbances will be compensated by the internal current control Constant production cycle – Regulation of current during fixed weld time Constant nugget diameterBranch Mounting / HandlingWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexStartOnline documentation of the measured valuesRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingConstant Current RegulatorSignal to ultrasonic transmitterCC R US RElectric Drives & ControlsUltrasonic pulse generatorUSR-Regulatorcommand currentBranch Mounting / HandlingCurrent regulatorWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexControl of weld currentactual currentValuation of weld nuggetSignal of ultrasonic receiverStartUltrasonic RegulatorThe ultrasonic regulator compares permanently the command and actual values and adjusts the weld current in case of deviations. Therefore it adapts the measured transmission curve to the fixed one.RexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance Welding Testing and Regulation of Welding Nuggetsacoustic transmissionElectric Drives & ControlsBranch Mounting / HandlingWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexShape of acoustic transmission of a nugget during the welding process as a function of timeStartRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingTransmission curve 1Testing and Regulation of Welding NuggetsAkustische DurchlässigkeitElectric Drives & ControlsBranch Mounting / HandlingWelding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic IndexStartUltrasonic transmission as function of temperature and time Independent process variable for the nugget growthRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingTransmission curve 2 Transmission curve 2 Testing and Regulation of Welding NuggetsElectric Drives & Controls 1,2Ultrasonic transmission with different nugget diameters Mesurement of nugget growthUltrasonic transmission D(t)Branch Mounting / Handling1Welding Control PS6000 Ultrasonic Index0,8∅ = 3 mm0,6∅ = 4 mm0,40,2Start 0 0 20 40 60 80∅ = 5 mm100 120 140 160Welding time / msec Index UltrasonicRexrothBosch GroupBosch RexrothInnovations in the field of Resistance WeldingRegulator SystemUltrasonic Regulator SystemUSR ApplicationUSP Ref. No. 1070 079427 Ultrasonic signal processor on the gunUS IN X72 CAN IN X71 POWER DC 24V X74 US OUT X73Electric Drives & ControlsBranch Mounting / HandlingLaying of cable via robot arm Seperate bus cable or hybride cableUSR Control Card Ref. No. 1070 083480Welding Control PS6000transmitterUltrasonicUSPRS 232 X31 CAN-OUT X 71Indexreceiver welding gunStartPSI 6000RobotIndex Ultrasonicis welded by constant current. The Transmission curveshunting 2Spot No. 2is welded with the same parameters. The Ultrasonic regulator is active and reacts by anWelding regulated by USR 2nd SpotSpot 2Bosch Rexroth Electric Drives& Controls StartWelding ControlUltrasonicPS6000Index Branch Mounting /HandlingShuntingshunting 3The third Spot is welded with the same parameters, the ultrasonic regulator compensates the shunting effectby an even higher increment. Welding regulated by USR.With shuntingSpot 3Result: The nugget diameter is constantBosch Rexroth Electric Drives& Controls Start Welding ControlUltrasonicPS6000Index Branch Mounting /HandlingShuntingspatters 1Detection of Spatters Bosch Rexroth Electric Drives& ControlsStartWelding ControlUltrasonicPS6000IndexBranch Mounting /Handlingsheets Schweissspritzer 2Different Sheet Combinationsblank 0,8 blank / blank 0,8 blank 7,0kA (5,9 mm)blank 0,8 blank / blank 0,8 bo 7,0kA (5,9 mm)blank 0,8 blank / blank 0,8 Zn 7,0kA (5,6 mm)00,20,40,60,81012345678Zeit in Per n o r m i e r t e D u r c h l äs s i g k e i t bl0,8bl/bl0,8bl PC 50bl0,8bl/bl0,8bo PC 55bl0,8bl/bl0,8Zn PC 65Each sheet combination and cover material (e.g.glue) has a characteristic transmission curverecording 1Überwachungsfunktion1BlechsortenSchweissspritzer 2Online data recording by coupling Recording of operation data by NEXUM Analyse Softwarerecording 2Überwachungsfunktion1BlechsortenSchweissspritzer 2Recording of the transmission curve and relevant Recording of operation data by NEXUM Analyse Software超声波检测在高级汽车的应用recording3BMW20million spots with control and monitorinAUDI4million spots with control and monitorinDC 6million spots with control and monitorinVW 5million spots with control and monitorin超声波检测在高级汽车的应用recording3他们都在成功的使用作为我们应该怎么办。