Life Beyond Earth精读6课
unit6LifeBeyondEarthsummary
unit6LifeBeyondEarthsummarySomething astonishing has happened in the universe. There has arisen a thing called life.Life has a way of being obvious and yet it's notoriously difficult to define in absolute terms. We say that life replicates.There may be no scientific mystery so tantalizing and yet so resistant to an answer. Extraterrestrial life represents an enormous gap in our knowledge of nature. scientists have discovered a bewildering amount of cosmic turf, and yet they still know of only a single inhabited world.We all have our suppositions,our scenarios.some astronomer estimated that there are many technological civilizations in our galaxy alone. And others astronomer who thinks we may as well be alone in this galaxy if not in the universe.All the estimates are highly speculative. The fact is that there is no conclusive evidence of any life beyond Earth. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.Even if we convince ourselves that there must be life out there, we confront a second problem, which is that we don't know anything about that life.Despite the enveloping nebula of uncertainties, extraterrestrial life has become an increasingly exciting area of scientific inquiry. The field is called exobiology or astrobiology or bioastronomy—every few years it seems as though the name has been changed to protect the ignorant.Whatever it's called, this is a science infused with optimism. We now know that the universe may be aswarm with planets. In the past decade organisms have been found thriving on our own planet in bizarre, hostile environments. If microbes can live in thepores of rock deep beneath the earth or at the rim of a scalding Yellowstone spring, then they might find a place like Mars not so shabby.Mars is in the midst of a full-scale invasion from Earth.In the coming years probes will also go around and, at some point, into Jupiter's moon Europa. That icy world shows numerous signs of having a subsurface ocean—and could conceivably harbor a dark, cold biosphere.The quest for an alien microbe is supplemented by a continuing effort to find something large, intelligent, and communicative. SETI has not yielded a confirmed signal from an alien civilization in 40 years of experiments,but the signal-processing technology grows more sophisticated each year. The optimists figure it's only a matter of time before we tune in the right channel.But I think Extraterrestrial life, by definition, is not conveniently located.But there are other truths that sustain the search for alien organisms. One is that the universe looks habitable. Another is that life radiates information about itself.life is not likely to remain forever in the realm of the unknown.Contact with an alien civilization would be an epochal and culturally challenging event, but exobiologists would settle gladly for the discovery of a tiny fossil, a mere remnant of extraterrestrial biochemistry.We also know that a functioning ecosystem does not require sunlight or photosynthesis.Even more complex life can adapt to hostile places.As scientists struggle to find a trace of life somewhere else in the universe, there exists for many people a more dramaticsituation, one in which extraterrestrial life isn't microbial and slimy but rather intelligent, technological, and lurking in our midst.I think it's fair to say, however, that flying-saucer aliens lack scientific stature. If they insist on being so jumpy, if they insist on abducting people in the middle of the night when no one else can verify their presence, they have no right to enter a reputable natural history museum.As many writers have noted, The aliens are an extrapolation of modern astronomy and engineering, but they also possess some ancient urge to come to Earth and mess with human beings. What makes them so intriguing is that even scientists will concede that alien beings could very well beout there somewhere.Many scientists don't wonder why aliens are buzzing the Earth in flying saucers—they wonder why they aren't. Humans could theoretically colonize the galaxy in a million years or so, and if they could, astronauts from older civilizations could do the same.Our contemporary culture did not invent this idea of life beyond Earth. More than 2,000 years ago the Greek philosopher Metrodorus of Chios wrote, "It is unnatural in a large field to have only one shaft of wheat, and in the infinite Universe only one living world."In the final years of the 9th century, Lowell revealed the discovery of hundreds of canals and argued that these were the artificial creations of an intelligent Martian civilization. In fact, he wrote, the Martians would certainly have to be superior to us. He reasoned that their globe-spanning engineering projects were far beyond our own capabilities and that the ability of a race ofcreatures to live in harmony over the whole of a planet .When the Viking landers descended to the Martian surface in 1976, they found no compelling sign of life and indeed discovered that the surface contains no trace of organic molecules.The mood changed in the 1990s. Biologists were detecting organisms in such exotic environments on Earth that they were inspired to look anew at the rest of the solar system as potentially habitable. They also discovered signs that life appeared early in the Earth's history. Intriguingly, at about the time life arose on Earth, Mars was a much more hospitable planet than it is today. Images of the Martian surface indicate that the planet once had flowing rivers and perhaps an ocean. Life could even have started on Mars and spread to Earth aboard a meteorite.In 1996 a team of three NASA scientists based in Houston announced that this potato-size rockALH84001, found in Antarctica, contained what appeared to be Martian fossils.The discovery was proclaimed at an unforgettable NASA press conference in Washington, D.C., on August 7, 1996. Everyone realized the historical glory of being right about these purported microfossils—and the reciprocal tarnish of being wrong.The NASA team made a dramatic presentation, complete with graphics and the first, startling images of the microfossils, one of which looked like a worm. But then came a dissenter, he could only grant the alleged Martian fossils a two. So began, that day, an enduringly divisive scientific debate.The NASA team saw its conclusions vigorously attacked. One damaging study showed that some of the microbe-like structures were merely flakes of the rock rendered more biological inappearance by the coating process used in the preparation of slides. Researchers also found contaminants from Earth inside the meteorite.The team fought these challenges point by point, but after three years critics felt they'd pretty much killed off the Mars rock. Luann Becker, a geochemist at the University of Hawaii, told me, "I think we're beating a dead horse."If life sprang up through natural processes on the Earth, then the same thing could presumably happen on other worlds. And yet when we look at outer space, we do not see an environment teeming with life. and it seems that there are far more ways to be a dead world than a live one.Within our solar system the Earth may be in a fairly narrow habitable zone,The tectonic activity recycles the planet's carbon. Mars has no such mechanism, and this seemingly minor deficiency may be the reason Mars lost most of its atmosphere.Even on Earth the origin of life is a stubbornly enduring mystery. we live in a biofriendly universe, because in my heart I find that very congenial. But we have not yet discovered the Life Principle.No one is even sure that life requires liquid water, though. Liquid water may be fairly scarce inthe universe—Europa may help solve that issue—but another presumed ingredient of life, organic molecules, those made up primarily of carbon, are commonplace. That's why Jeffrey Bada, a pretty hard-nosed researcher, thinks the universe is full of living things. another giant unknown in the Drake equation: How often does life evolve to a condition of intelligence?High intelligence has occurred only once on Earth, amongsomething like a billion species. Hence it is a billion-to-one long shot. But Paul Horowitz, a Harvard physicist, argues that the same data can be looked at the opposite way: That on the only planet we know of that has life, intelligence appeared. That's a one-for-one proposition.I've never met anyone who thinks that if you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and played it again, you'd wind up with a genetically identical human being the second time around. But there are those who say that an intelligent being is more likely under certain initial conditions. There are others who say the biology of the Earth is probably a pretty good example of what's out there.as the data are scarce, and this is still a territory for, among others, philosophers and theologians.Every three years a bioastronomy meeting gathers many of the leading thinkers in the field. Allen Tough offered a provocative theory:"I think a probe is already here. It's probably been here a long time."in 1999.He didn't mean flying saucers. His alien probes would be much smaller—"nanoprobes," tiny robotic exploratory craft sent to Earth from advanced civilizations. The alien probes may, at some point, let themselves be known to human civilization.Tough and about a dozen other visionaries had a pre-conference meeting to discuss what to do if human civilization receives a "high-content" message from extraterrestrials. There was much uncertainty about how well prepared humankind is for such an event. We might have trouble crafting a response. Bioastronomy also has its more down-to-Earth side. The meeting reminded me how much there is still to learn about out little solar system.So before we worry about our dealings with the Galactic Empire, we have some serious fieldwork to do closer to home.Freeman Dyson, a physicist, has argued that humans may engineer new forms of life that will be adapted to living in the vacuum of space or on the surface of frozen moons and comets and asteroids. In Dyson's universe, life is mobile, and planets are gravitational traps inhibiting free movement."Perhaps our destiny is to be the midwives, to help the living universe to be born," he said recently. "Once life escapes from this little planet, there'll be no stopping it."But life must first survive this planet.. It is not clear yet that abrain like ours is necessarily a long-term advantage. Our first order of business, as a species, is to make L as long an interval as possible.I would hope that anyone who investigates this issue will come away with are newed appreciation of what and who we are. In a universe of empty space and stellar furnaces and ice worlds, it is good to be alive. And we should remember that even if we find intelligent life beyond Earth, it may not be what we expect or even what we were searching for.The alien may not speak to that part of our spirit. The great moment of contact may simply remind us that what we most want is to find a better version of ourselves—a creature we will probably have to make, from our own raw elements, here on Earth.。
英语中级听力：Finding Life Beyond Earth 寻找地球以外的生命(中英对照)
1、Finding Life Beyond Earth 寻找地球以外的生命Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form.很久以来，人们就被地球以外存在生命的观点强烈地吸引。
直到近期，科学家们都坚信外星生命的想法只不过是个有希望的梦想。
但是现在他们开始定位外星生命形成的位置。
In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter.在1997年，他们在像太阳这类其他恒星的行星上发现了证据。
可是，现在科学家认为外星生命甚至更接近我们，就存在于我们太阳系中。
科学家们正在仔细研究的这个地方是欧罗巴，是木星的卫星。
Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form.太空探索提供的证据表明在欧罗巴的表层下蕴藏着一个巨大的海洋。
life beyond earth 词汇
yieldБайду номын сангаас
• 生出，出产；产生：the apple tree yields plenty of apples. • ~capacity 生产能力 • 交出，投降：not yield a step. They yield the fortress to the enemy.
Life beyond earth
plausible
• Such talk, however plausible, is actually specious and groundless. 这些话，讲起来好像有道理，实际上是毫 无根据、似是而非的空谈。 • He cast about in his mind for some plausible excuse for not turning up at the meeting. 他心里在算盘，想找一个什么说得过去的 理由来解释他为什么没有到会。
Unit6EarthfirstStartingoutUnderstandingideas课件高一英语
2. What does the video want to tell us
Severe environmental problems we are facing nowadays make our future uncertain. It’s time for everyone to take action now and make our planet a greener and safer place for our future generations.
学习目标
Now compare your choices with the class. Share what you know about sharks.
flexible, fierce, ocean giant, sharp teeth
Pre-reading
Have you ever seen the movie Jaws or other films about wild animals Can you introduce it to the class
✔2 To explain people’s misunderstanding of sharks and raise awareness of shark protection.
3 To inform people about sharks and recommend the film and the book to them.
SHARKS: DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED
1 We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
现代大学英语精读第二版第六课课文分析（可编辑）
现代大学英语精读第二版第六课课文分析B T L E W Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Part Three ENTER B T L E W Text Appreciation Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Text analysis 1 General analysis 2 Theme 3 Structure 4 Further discussion II Sentence paraphrase Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Plotof the story Setting of the story Protagonists of the story Theme of the story Text Analysis Have you got the key elements in the story To be continued on the next page Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Plot My experience in a small Brazilian village and what I concluded Settinga small village in the central area of Brazil Protagonists an American traveler I several Brazilian people Theme of the storygo to the next page Text Analysis For reference The end of General Analysis Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Text Analysis We should respect all civilizations in the world Wisdoms are to be discovered with an open mindto other cultures Theme of the story The end of Theme Part 1 paras 1 about Part 2 paras about Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Text Analysis Structure of the text 4 The story of the green bananas What the author learned We should respect all civilizations in the world The endof Structure 5 8 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana What is learning moments Have you ever experienced learning moments Have you ever heard of orencountered the experience of cultural differences List the examples The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part para3 What does this sentence mean trying to show interest if not complete acceptance para3 Does the author agree with the villagers Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page W Lesson 10 –The Green Banana its time had come to meet my need It was my own time that had come all in relation to it para5 It was my own time to do what Why is it in the authors opinion that many useful things remain unknown to us Who is to blame But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made a life-long perspective and collection can begin para7 What does he mean by the second center Which is the first center How can we make a conscious breakthrough to a second center What does he mean by perspective and collection Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Whats the use of green bananas in the text Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page Green bananas are first used as something to stop the leak of the jeep temporarily and then as a symbol of the unknown treasures of each civilization W For Reference Lesson 10 – The Green Banana When the author says we should leave our own centers of the world does he mean we should travel to other countries more often Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page The author believes that everynation has good things to offer to the rest of the world It is therefore wrong to regard any nation as inferior We should reject ethnocentrism andadopt cultural relativism For Reference in the central area of Brazilsteep mountain road jeep stopped stopped for help went on reached destination special potential of green bananas importance of the rock Cultural relativism Text Analysis To be continued on the nextpage Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Beginning Ending Cli Development learning experience paras5-8 Telling the first part of the StoryStory Narration The end of Text Analysis Text Analysis Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 1 My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak para 1 When the radiator started to drip my oldjeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the scenery rural areathe infinitive as object go to 2 to strain to try very hard radiator thepart of a car which prevents the engine from getting too hot 散热器Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 2 Theover-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village which consistedof a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there para1 Due to the high temperature of the engine I had to stop at thenext village which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed infinitive as object complement go to 3 over-heatedtoo hot consist of contain be made of Lesson 10 – The Green BananaII Sentence Paraphrase 3 He patted me on the shoulder assuring me that everything would work out para 1 He patted my shoulder confirming methat all the things would be resolved telling me that something is sureto happen or is definitely true go to 4 patted my shoulder More ExamplesTo be continued on the next page Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase Similarly 1 to wound sb in the leg to wound ones leg 2 tohit sb at the back to hit ones back back to 3 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 4 I did not ask them though as that would show my ignorance para 2 However I did not inquire about the reason since it would reveal my lack of knowledge go to 5 an adverbial clause of reason Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 5He in turn inspected me carefully as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement para 3 in a proper order Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring whether I understoodthe importance of his words The infinitive is used in a set constructiongo to 6 with the appearance of apparently More Examples Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 1He looked as if he had seen a ghost followed by a clause 2 She cleared her throat as if to speak followedby an infinitive 3 He was standing by the window as if waiting for somebody followed by a present participle back to 5 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 6 I looked to see if he was teasingme but his face was serious para3 I looked in order to find outwhether he was joking but he seemed deeply earnest infinitive as adverbial go to 7 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 7 They then refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiator should give me trouble again para 4 Then my radiator was filled again by them and I was provided with more bananas as a precaution my radiator should leak again infinitive as attribute go to 8 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 8 As a product of American education I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come para 5 As someone educated in the United States I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten go to 9 The tone is humorous and self-mocking Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 9 It was my own time that had come all in relation to it para 5 It was me who had come to know the green bananas and everything connected with it According to the author every civilization has special geniuses symbolized by the green banana which have existed for many years But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them go to 10 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 10 I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call learning moments and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once para5 refers to the two learning moments The two things that suddenly dawned on him are the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village town region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world infinitive as objectgo to 11 B T L E W。
现代大学英语第五册精读paraphrase
Unit 61. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.The fact that we do not have evidence showing that there is life beyond Earth does not mean that we can come to the conclusion that there is actually no life beyond Earth.2. Examining them for the atmosphere signatures of a living world.…Examining these planets to see if the surrounding atmosphere can be identified as fitting for life.3. The optimists figure it’s only a matter of time before we tune in the right channel.Those who are optimistic think that as time goes on, they will someday get the signal sent out by an alien civilization.4. That’s what we need to begin the long process of putting human existence……Originally, we regard our world as the only one in the universe which is inhabited by intelligent humans, but we need to change our view and regard this world as one of many in the universe.5. T rue believers and skeptics rarely go over to the other side.Neither those who genuinely believe that space aliens are lurking in our midst nor those who firmly reject such an idea are likely to change their views and join the other side.6. The alien is a Hollywood stock character but not a Hollywood creation.The alien is a character used too much in Hollywood films so it has become hackneyed but the idea of extraterrestrial life was not first brought up by Hollywood.7. The absence of detectable life on Mars put exobiology into a two-decade funk.… The fact that no life had been detected on Mars was a terrible blow to exobiology which did not recover from the blow in the following 20 years.8. Everyone realized the historical glory of being right about these purposed……Everyone knew that if what appeared to be microfossils were confirmed to be such, then the discovery would be of historic significance, but if they proved to be something else, the adverse effect that followed would be equally dramatic.9. If you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and played it again……… if evolution on Earth were to take place a second time, a human being who is genetically similar to us would be the result of such evolution.10. So before we worry about our dealings with the Galactic Empire, we have some……Since there is so much work we need to do here in this world (since there are so many issues we need to address in this world), let us first concentrate on doing some solid research (on addressing these issues )and drop discussion about drafting messages to another civilization out there.Unit 51. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.2. One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress…One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis.3. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is as precise as a chemist’s scales, began to work at high speed.4. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not……She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.5. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not yet fully developed like pin up girls but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become jut as glamorous.6. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.7. If you were out of the picture, the field would be open.If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) other would be free to compete for her friendship.8. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly became weaker.9. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted…To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey.10. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Unit41. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna……are not needed by a writer.If you want to be musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, V ienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don't need all this. 2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her……the inkpot and flung it at her.Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the V ictorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power4. For though men sensibly allow themselves……condemn such freedom in women.It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions, but if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I don't believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women5. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think……a rock to be dashed against.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and toovercome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body passions6. Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing to prevent a woman…Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.7. Y ou have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.Y ou have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which has been up to now dominated by menUnit31. Y et globalization……is a reality, not a choice.Y et globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign" cultural assault"3. Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.In China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences5. W esternization…is a phenomenon shot with inconsistence and populated by bedfellows. Westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views6. Y ou don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you don't need to be fashionable yourself, all you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant7. He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet, with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8. In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.The Gucci store didn't expect the first two weeks of its opening in shanghai business could be so good9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through…From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global culture as globalization, to guide me through such a great variety of cultural phenomena 10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by allUnit21. I pictured this prodigy part of me as……each one on for size.I visualized what I would look like as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which onewould suit me best2. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts……filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts occurred to me, thoughts that I intended deliberately to be a defiant girl, and I would say lots of "I won't ~~"to my mom.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley T emple.The girl was Shirley Temple like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things……awful side of me had surfaced, at last.As I blurted these words out, I felt that something nasty had got out of my chest, and so I felt disgusted. But at the same time, I felt good and relieved, because those nasty thoughts had been suppressed in my heart for a long time and now they had got out at last5. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill out.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where she was at the very verge of losing herself-control, I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Unit11.The job of arousing manhood within a people……is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom……against long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he……assertive manhood his own emancipationproclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro themselves, only when a Negro is fully convinced that he/she is a man/woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love……correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice its best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered ……ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how wealthy he was.6. The absence of worldly goods indicated……and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hardworking and lacked a sense of right andwrong.7. It is not the work of slaves……or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by salve-drivers or they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8. When the unjust measurement of human……is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away with.9. He who hates does not know God……the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teaching of God, only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be dissatisfied until America……an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until American no longer only takes about racial equality but is unwilling to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.。
The Outline of Life Beyond Earth
The Outline of Life Beyond EarthA Brief OutlineⅠ. (Para 1—Para 2) Topic: The emergence of lifeⅡ. (Para 3—Para 10) Search for lifeⅢ. (Para 11—Para 23) Search for intelligent beingⅣ. (Para 24—Para 45) MarsⅤ. (Para 46—Para 48) Dyson’s argu mentⅥ. (Para 49—Para 51) ConclusionA Detailed OutlineⅠ. (Para 1—Para 2) Topic: The emergence of lifePara 1: The essential of life.Para 2: The human life— life has become self-aware.Ⅱ. (Para 3—Para 10) Search for life1. (Para 3—Para 5)The scientific mystery about extraterrestrial life is sotantalizing.Para 3: An emphasis leads to discussions about life beyond earth.Para 4: No extraterrestrial life has been found.Para 5: Different suppositions and scenarios about extraterrestrial life, including radical, conservative and skeptical ideas.2. (Para 6—Para7) The suppositions and scenarios are speculative.Para 6: All the estimates are highly speculative without conclusive evidence.Para 7: Ideas about extraterrestrial life are “plausibility arguments” filled with unknowns.3. (Para 8—10) The introduction of the field of extraterrestrial life.Para 8: Extraterrestrial life becomes an exciting area of inquiry and this field has different names.Para 9: The science of extraterrestrial life is filled with optimism—search for Earth-like planets.Para 10: Mars is suffering from full-scale researches from Earth.Ⅲ. (Para 11—Para 23) Search for intelligent being1. (Para 11—Para13) The result and opinions on finding extraterrestrialintelligence—SETI.Para 11: No confirmed signal from an alien human-like civilization found with ever-developing technology.Para 12: The author thought it’s not easy to locate ET.Para 13: Other truths sustain the SETI.2. (Para 14—Para 16) Examples are given to support Exobiologists’ enthusiasm tosearch for extraterrestrial life.Para 14: Exobiologists put effort to find signs of life both in extreme places on Earth.Para 15: Exobiologists’ optimism is fired by the possibility that life is all around because four common chemically elements are all around.Para 16: Another reason for the possibility of finding the living things—ecosystem doesn’t require sunlight or photosynthesis.3. (Para 17—Para 19) Associations of ETs.Para 17: Many people believe that ETs are intelligent, technological and lurking among us.Para 18: The author thought that flying saucer aliens lack of scientific stature.Para 19: The believers are not irrational or crazy.4. (Para 20—Para 23) Other explanations why ET believedPara 20: Some people believe that ETs are out there and they are so intriguing for us.Para 21—22: Fermi paradox and four possibilities.Para 23: Alien is not the creation of modern times.Ⅳ. (Para 24—Para 45) Mars1. (Para 24—Para 27) Hope and frustration of Mars investigationPara 24: The discovery of “Canals” on Mars.Para 25: Lowell wrote that the Martian civilization was superior to ours.Para 26: Actually there were no canals on Mars but a cratered wasteland.Para 27: The finding of no sign of life on Mars put exobiology into a funk.2. (Para 28—Para 34) The discovery of Martian meteorite and the debate over themicrofossil.Para 28: Biologists study signs of life the environment on early Earth and Mars.Para 29: The Martian meteorite ALH 84001 was found.Para 30: The Mars microfossils.Para 31: A statement of 2/10 possibility on the fossil being a biological origin has hit a debate.Para 32: The truth of the fossil is that it was from the Earth.Para 33: Critics killed the theory of that fossil.Para 34: Gibson saw it as a scientific resistance to revolutionary ideas.3. (Para 35—Para 37) The author stared to believe that may be there’s noextraterrestrial life.Para 35: Whether the microfossil is an example of a resistance to revolutionary ideas or a false thing?Para 36: It seems that it’s little possibilities for the existence of extra life.Para 37: The factors to support life on Earth.4. (Para 38—Para 39) How do life constitute themselves and become intelligent?Para 38: The Life Principle is a mystery.Para 39: Some think life can spring up in many places as its ingredients are commonplace.5. (Para 40—Para 42) Opinions on “how often does life evolve to a intelligence?”Para 40: Two opinions on the occurrence of intelligent life: a billion-to-one shot vs. a one-for-one proposition.Para 41: Different views on whether the evolution of alien is the same as that on Earth.Para 42: Alien life is still a territory for philosophers and theologians.6. (Para 43—Para 45 ) A bioastronomy meetingPara 43: A provocative theory: An alien probe has long been here on earth.Para 44: Alien probes would be “nanoprobes” which are much smaller than flying saucers.Para 45: The possible responses to the supposed message of intelligent aliens.Ⅴ. (Para 46—Para 48) Dyson’s argumentPara 46: We should pay more attention to our Earth rather than the ET.Para 47: Dyson’s argument—We may help engineer new forms of life that can survive the extreme places.Para 48: Our destiny is to be the midwives of the living universe.Ⅵ. (Para 49—Para 51) ConclusionPara 49: Human beings do wrong things to damage the Earth and we should ensure our civilization to be alive for long.Para 50: To appreciate what and who we are.Para 51: What we need is a better version of ourselves.。
现代大学英语 精读5 Life Beyond Earth
His syndicated column Why Things Are (1988-1996), which he began when he worked at the Miami Herald, appeared in 50 newspapers; three collections of the column were published by Ballantine Books. He has been a regular contributor to National Geographic since 1998, writing stories on such topics as dinosaurs, particle physics, earthquakes, extraterrestrial life, megafauna extinction and the electrical grid. Now assigned to The Post’s national desk, he writes on science and politics. A 1982 graduate of Princeton University, he has taught journalism at Princeton and Georgetown University. He lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Mary Stapp, and three daughters.
Where do the aliens live?
plausible: adj. 1.(of a statement, an excuse, etc) seeming to be right or reasoable;beliveable translate:他心里在盘算，想找一个什么说得过去的