cnn1
Hello everyone, I'm Catherine Callaway at the CNN center in Atlanta with a look at what's happening NOW IN THE NEWS.
The tsunami watch has now been lifted following a powerful earthquake in Indonesia today. At least 75 people were killed and hundreds more injured. One Indonesian official warns thousands more may be trapped in collapsed buildings. The 7.6 magnitude quake was centered around west Sumatra.
Thousands of miles away the island of Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga, now look like one large disaster area, following Tuesday’s earthquake and tsunami. A huge emergency effort under way now to provide food, medicine and other supplies to the people in the area. At least 111 people have died so far in that tsunami. The number is expected to rise.
Federal Agents and national police are searching for a newborn. He was missing from Tennessee. A four-day-year-old, Yair Anthony Carillo, seen here, was ripped from his mother’s
arms late just today. Investigators believed the suspect showed up at the mother's home, posing as an immigration agent.
Toyota has issued its largest recall ever in the US for a potentially deadly problem with the top selling Camry and certain Lexus models; now the recall involves almost four million cars. Toyota says the floor mat on the driver's side can creep up and jam the accelerator pedal down, so the car suddenly speeds up.
Millions of H1N1 vaccines are on their way to undisclosed distribution centers according to at least three of the four vaccine makers. The first vaccine shipped earlier than health officials had expected. They've said that some people will be able to get vaccinated by early next month, followed later by a large-scale vaccination program.
And those are headlines for you this hour, stay with CNN for more on these stories and other news of the day.。
深度学习-CNN卷积神经网络PPT课件
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Sparse Connectivity
这么做是有道理的，就是根据一些生物学的研究 我们的视觉感知细胞其实是局部感知的，比如我 们用很小的卷积核来提取整幅图像的布局边缘信 息，这时候采用全连接的意义并不大，不能学到 很好的图像特征信息，而且模型复杂度还很高。
上图中红色框里面的表示稀疏连接 上图中蓝色框里面表示非稀疏连接
上图就是max pooling导致的局部平移不变性，我们可以看到下面的卷积层的输入向右平移了 一个神经元，即输入层对应神经元的值都变了，可是上面的pooling层的值只有部分改变了。 这里只是对一个feature map做池化，其实对多个feature map做池化还可能解决旋转不变性的 问题。
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Equivariant Representation
现在还只有一个思想没有讲，就是不变性，前面在池化的时候已经提到过，池化可以实现局部 平移不变性的效果，甚至可以通过变化实现旋转不变性。但是如果有大范围的平移怎么办那， 是否还存在平移不变性那。这里卷积层和全连接层就对平移不变性起到了很大的作用。
和传统的前馈神经网络类似，整个网络的模型有几种因素决定。我们传统的前馈神经网络 隐藏层一般是全连接的，而CNN的隐藏层又分为convolutional layer，pooling layer和最后的 fully-connected layer，这些隐藏层的区别是CNN之所以为CNN的重要原因，而另外各个神经 元激活函数的选择以及整个网络损失函数的选择都与FNN类似。下面我们主要讲解LeNet-5。
如图所示，一个卷积操作就是指卷积核和同样 大小的一个图像矩阵相乘，然后再向下或者向 右滑动卷积核，执行下一个卷积操作。这样用 卷积核在整个图像上面滑动一遍便生成了一个 卷积层。
cnn卷积计算公式
cnn卷积计算公式CNN（卷积神经网络）作为机器学习的一种技术，已经受到了广泛的重视和应用。
它的重要性主要源于它具有独特的特性，能够有效地捕获空间特征，并能够很好地处理非结构化的信息，如图像、语音等信息。
本文主要介绍CNN卷积计算的相关公式，以及其在机器学习中的应用。
要完成卷积计算，必须先定义一个卷积核。
卷积核形式如下： $$ K = begin{bmatrix} k_{00} & k_{01} & k_{02} k_{10} & k_{11} & k_{12} k_{20} & k_{21} & k_{22} end{bmatrix}$$ 其中$k_{ij}$表示卷积核的系数，是一个可以调整的参数。
而卷积计算公式是：$$ O_{ij} = sum_{m=-1,n=-1}^{m=1,n=1}I_{ij+m+n}K_{m+n}$$其中$O_{ij}$表示卷积计算后生成的特征图上某点的值，$I_{ij}$表示输入特征图上某点的值，$K_{m+n}$表示上面定义的卷积核上某点的值。
此外，还有一种卷积计算方法，称为“全连接卷积”，其公式如下：$$ O_{ij} = sum_{m=-1,n=-1}^{m=1,n=1}I_{ij+m+n}K_{m+n} + b$$其中$b$是偏置项，也是一个可调参数。
接下来，就是CNN的应用部分了，CNN的应用主要集中在图像识别、语音识别和文本分析等领域。
在图像识别方面，CNN可以提取复杂的特征，并基于这些特征来分类图像。
比如，在分类猫狗照片时，CNN可以提取照片中细微的特征，如眼睛、鼻子、耳朵等，然后利用这些特征来分类图片。
在语音识别方面，CNN可以提取语音中的语言特征，以进行语音识别。
比如，在语音识别中，CNN可以提取语音中的语调特征，根据这些特征进行语音识别。
而在文本分析方面，CNN可以提取出文本中的语义特征，以判断文本的主题、情感等。
二项式定理yu杨辉三角形(sakura)
在(x2 + 3x + 2)5 的展开式中, x的系数为多少？ 240
能力训练4 : (x2+3x+2)5展开式中x的系数为_____.
方法1 (x2+3x+2)5=[(x2+2)+3x]5
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方法2 (x2+3x+2)5=[x(x+3)+2]5
(a0 a2 a4 )2 (a1 a3 )2 ___1___ (99年全国)
注释：设f ( x) (a bx)n
其奇次项系数的和是f (1) f (1) 2
其偶次项系数的和是f (1) f (1) 2
4.( 1﹣x ) 13 的展开式中系数最小的项是 （ C ）
(A)第六项 (B)第七项 （C）第八项 (D)第九项
系数最大的项;
解:(2)设系数绝对值最大的项是第r+1项.
则
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关于Cn0+Cn1+Cn2+……Cnn-1+Cnn=2n的2个数学模型
德宏师范高等专科学校学报2018年第1期第27卷N ol.2018 vol.27关干！#«+……的2个数学模型贺志雄(德宏师范高等专科学校数学系，云南芒市678400)【摘要】建立一个数学问题，综合两个解法得到了结论。
【关键词】模型；求解；结论中图分类号/013 文献标识码：A文章编号：（2018) 01-095-01模型一：安个乘客在甲、乙两个车站下 车，共有多少种安排方法？模型二$每个电子元件只有开关两个状态，在计算机J!个电子元件可以传递多少个信息？现以模型一为例推导出c:+c:+c!+……c:'%+ "…=& 〇解法1.对每个乘客可在甲站或乙站下车，即有2种下车方法，由乘法原理得到共有2!种安 排方法。
解法2.对每个乘客，如果不在甲站下车，就会在乙站下车，那么只要求出甲站下车的不同 安排总数即可。
甲站下车人数安排4!+%类情形。
第一类：全部不下车，有C:种第二类$有1人下车，有C:种第三类：有2人下车，有C!种第！类：有人下车，有种第n+1类：有n人下车，有^种由加法原理共有C X+C&+……C: 1 +C: (种）综合解法1~解法2有.C#+C%+C:+……C:_1+ ::C:=2参照模型一可以构造:1:―12:—1 : :,2 +C:!C:+C:+ ……C:x2+C:=* 的模型$安排：个乘客在甲乙丙三个车站下车，共有几种安排方法？解法1.每个乘客有*种下车方法，：个乘客有*:种安排方法。
解法2.分为：+1类安排方法。
第一类$甲站无人下车，：个乘客在乙站及丙站下车，有2:种。
第二类$甲站下1人，乙丙两站下：-1人，有 C:x2:—1种。
第n类：甲站下：-1人，乙站或丙站下1人，有C:—1x2种。
第：+1类：甲站下：人，有C：种。
由加法原理，共有2：+C:x C:—1+C:+……C:—1x 2+C:种。
n 1 n-1 2 n-2 n-1 n n 总之2+C x C+C x2 +…•…C x2+C=3。
美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)节目编排策略分析
美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)节目编排策略分析闻名全球的美国有线电视新闻网CNN(Cable News Network)，其电视网络覆盖212个国家和地区，全球42个分部。
它不仅开创了世界上第一个全天候24小时滚动播送新闻的频道，而且它的运作方式和编排特色对中国新闻频道的建立也提供了有益的经验。
一、CNN概述1980年6月，记者出身的特德·特纳买下亚特兰大一家濒临倒闭的小电视台，创办了CNN，向美洲国家24小时不间断播放电视新闻。
1982年，CNN创办了简明新闻频道(Headline News)，经常抢到突发事件的独家新闻，并进行及时、详尽的现场报道。
在刚成立的几年内，由于美国市场已被大电视网垄断，CNN连续亏损。
直到1986年，CNN在报道美国航天飞机挑战者号中脱颖而出，在竞争中站住了阵脚。
此后，在里根遇刺、美军入侵巴拿马、拆除柏林墙、苏联解体、波黑战争等重大新闻事件上，CNN率先做的现场报道都抢尽了风头。
真正值得大书特书的是1991年的海湾战争。
当时，伊拉克把巴格达所有外国记者都驱逐出境，唯独留下CNN的记者报道海湾战争。
战争期间，CNN迅速、及时、详尽地报道了多国部队在伊拉克的“沙漠风暴”行动，成为各国首脑和舆论界了解实际战况的主要渠道，甚至有人称：“海湾战争有3个参战者——布什、萨达姆和CNN。
” 1985年，CNNI国际频道开始面向欧洲24小时播出，迈出了CNN国际化的重要一步。
值得注意的是，这年成为CNN第一个盈利年。
而CNN的国际化步伐，采取的是国际化与本地化两条腿走路的方针。
比如，1987年它建立了北京记者站，随后又设立了马尼拉、汉城、曼谷、香港等记者站，并于1995年在香港设立了亚洲地区制作中心，在CNNI亚洲版当中，关于亚洲的报道日益增加。
本地新闻的增加，吸引了大量的本地观众。
而1988年开办了西班牙语节目，1997年开办了24小时西班牙语频道，也体现了CNN通过吸引特定人群而扩大国际市场和影响的策略。
大容量变换器直流母线的PEEC模型
大容量变换器直流母线的PEEC模型PEEC model of Power Bus in a Large Capacity Converter清华大学电机系李方正，孙旭东，黄立培，姜建国Email: lifz05@摘要﹕大容量变换器的直流母线尺寸较大、结构复杂，建立其比较准确的高频电路模型，是准确分析大容量变换器换流过程和电磁干扰（EMI）特性的关键问题之一。
本文以一台用于大容量多电平逆变器中的H桥功率单元为对象，探讨其直流母线复杂结构的简化思路和方法，基于部分单元等效电路（PEEC）的方法计算简化后母线模型的杂散参数，建立了其高频等效电路。
通过电路仿真和实验验证了模型的准确性，说明结构简化对模型精度的影响可以接受，用PEEC方法获取大尺寸连接导体杂散参数是可行和有效的。
Abstract: The equivalent circuit of power bus with adequate accuracy is significant for the study on EMI character of large capacity converter. This paper introduces modeling method for the large size power bus with complex structure in a H-bridge unit used in large capacity multi level inverter. Based on partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method, the partial parameters of the power bus is extracted and then the equivalent circuit is established. The result of the circuit simulation and experiment demonstrates that the accuracy of the PEEC model is reasonable and PEEC method is feasible and effective for modeling the large size conductor in large capacity converter.关键词﹕部分单元等效电路，直流母线，电磁干扰Keywords: Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC), Power Bus, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)1引言电力电子装置中开关器件的通断所产生的EMI，主要通过直流母线、缓冲吸收电路、无源元件以及输出电路等进行传播，其中直流母线是传导EMI传播通道中的核心环节[1-2]。
[指南]CNN,ABC,FOX美国新闻台比较
CNN,ABC,FOX美国新闻台比较CNN:在1991年的海湾战争中，CNN的国际知名度得到提升，他们关于战争的现场报导吸引了全世界的目光。
由于CNN是通过与美国政府紧密合作而取得大多数的新闻的，很多人指责CNN并不试图做出准确的报导，而只是一个宣传工具。
由于遭到了很多关于「太美国中心」的指责，以及来自BBC和天空新闻的竞争，CNN国际现在为世界不同地区提供不同的新闻。
CNN在各地的新闻中心也聘请了很多当地记者，以确保能从更国际的观点来报导新闻。
在美国，CNN 则被保守派指责太过倾自由，而且在市场份额方面已经输给了福克斯新闻，目前是美国第二大新闻频道。
最著名的节目当属每晚的《拉里·金现场》，该节目是CNN（美国有线新闻网）收视率最高的节目。
节目开播于1985年，播出不久，就成为了CNN收视率最高的节目之一，而拉里·金也成为了第一个在世界范围内享有盛誉的脱口秀节目主持人。
播出时间：每一到周六18：00，周日17：00。
如今我们依旧能在CNN领略这位从业50载、73岁高龄的世界最富盛名的王牌主持人风采。
拉里·金2007年与CNN续约4年，年薪1400万美元，成为了历史上身价最高的男性新闻工作者。
拉里·金的做访谈节目的特点在于：直接、有人情味以及随机性。
直接体现在他那单刀直入的提问方式，从来都不拐弯抹角；虽然他的提问通常一针见血，却不会显露咄咄逼人的气势，反而是温文尔雅，注重受访者的感受；而随机性则在于他并不会在访谈之前进行过多的准备，在访谈过程中随时组织自己的问题。
FOX：尽管FOX NEWS新闻台影响力正因为在政治与娱乐之间得不到平衡而越来越得不到观众的信赖，但是它仍然是现在美国收视份额最高的电视新闻频道。
FOX NEWS的政治立场偏向保守中立，不过值得注意的是，最早揭露美军虐囚丑闻的，正是FOX 的新闻节目。
比起真人秀，FOX NEWS充分利用了它24小时不间断新闻频道的优势，因此除了常态的新闻报道之外，FOX也会做脱口秀节目。
一文看懂卷积神经网络-CNN（基本原理独特价值实际应用）
⼀⽂看懂卷积神经⽹络-CNN（基本原理独特价值实际应⽤）卷积神经⽹络 – CNN 最擅长的就是图⽚的处理。
它受到⼈类视觉神经系统的启发。
CNN 有2⼤特点：能够有效的将⼤数据量的图⽚降维成⼩数据量能够有效的保留图⽚特征，符合图⽚处理的原则⽬前 CNN 已经得到了⼴泛的应⽤，⽐如：⼈脸识别、⾃动驾驶、美图秀秀、安防等很多领域。
CNN 解决了什么问题？在 CNN 出现之前，图像对于⼈⼯智能来说是⼀个难题，有2个原因：图像需要处理的数据量太⼤，导致成本很⾼，效率很低图像在数字化的过程中很难保留原有的特征，导致图像处理的准确率不⾼下⾯就详细说明⼀下这2个问题：需要处理的数据量太⼤图像是由像素构成的，每个像素⼜是由颜⾊构成的。
现在随随便便⼀张图⽚都是 1000×1000 像素以上的，每个像素都有RGB 3个参数来表⽰颜⾊信息。
假如我们处理⼀张 1000×1000 像素的图⽚，我们就需要处理3百万个参数！1000×1000×3=3,000,000这么⼤量的数据处理起来是⾮常消耗资源的，⽽且这只是⼀张不算太⼤的图⽚！卷积神经⽹络 – CNN 解决的第⼀个问题就是「将复杂问题简化」，把⼤量参数降维成少量参数，再做处理。
更重要的是：我们在⼤部分场景下，降维并不会影响结果。
⽐如1000像素的图⽚缩⼩成200像素，并不影响⾁眼认出来图⽚中是⼀只猫还是⼀只狗，机器也是如此。
保留图像特征图⽚数字化的传统⽅式我们简化⼀下，就类似下图的过程：图像简单数字化⽆法保留图像特征图像的内容假如有圆形是1，没有圆形是0，那么圆形的位置不同就会产⽣完全不同的数据表达。
但是从视觉的⾓度来看，图像的内容（本质）并没有发⽣变化，只是位置发⽣了变化。
（本质）并没有发⽣变化，只是位置发⽣了变化所以当我们移动图像中的物体，⽤传统的⽅式的得出来的参数会差异很⼤！这是不符合图像处理的要求的。
⽽ CNN 解决了这个问题，他⽤类似视觉的⽅式保留了图像的特征，当图像做翻转，旋转或者变换位置时，它也能有效的识别出来是类似的图像。
CNN新闻50篇
CNN新闻50篇CNN News Item1政治：美国因安全问题关闭在也门的大使馆The ernment closes its embassy in the Middle Eastern country of Yemen,and that is because of security concerns.One official says that a group called al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula might be planning an attack against the facility.That same group said it was behind an attempted plot to set off an explosive onboard a plane heading to Detroit,Michigan.That took place on Christmas day.The suspect allegedly brought the explosives on the plane in his underwear.The plan failed when the device he tried to use didn’t detonate correctly.Some people have asked how the suspect made it past security.One U.S.official says it’s because of human error.President Obama has promised that everyone involved in the attack will be held accountable for it.But some critics argue that the president’s response to the situation hasn’t been fast enough,hasn’t been aggressive enough.CNN News Item2政治：印度石油工人结束三天的罢工It’s back to work for Indian government oil workers after a three-day strike that crippled Indian commerce.Some45,000oil workers walked off the job after the government refused their demands for higher pay.The labor standoff ended after days of intense government pressure,including threats of job loss and even arrest to strikers.Meantime,talks with a second group of nationwide strikers may soon be underway.The Indo-Asian News-Service says India’s transport minister is ready to discuss demands from truckers.Many across India have parked their rigs,calling for reduction in diesel and tyre prices.CNN News Item3政治：备受争议的安全港法案修正案获得通过Lawmakers in Nebraska have approved a big change to the state’s controversial safe haven law.Under the new measure,children older than30days can not be dropped off at state hospitals.35children,many of them,preteens or even teenagers,have been abandoned in hospitals since the original law took effect in July. State lawmakers say it was intended to prevent newborns from being dumped in trash bins or even worse. The new law is expected to go into effect at midnight.CNN News Item4政治：欧美担心伊朗建国会发生暴乱The nation of Iran marking a milestone later on this week.On Thursday,the country will celebrate the anniversary of when it became an Islamic republic.This goes back to1979,when supporters of the Ayatollah Khomeini,a religious leader,overthrew the country’s government.Khomeini became the supreme leader of Iran,and the nation officially became an Islamic state.The United States and the European Union are worried about potential violence during Thursday’s celebrations.U.S.and European Union are urging the Middle Eastern nation to“end its abuses against its own people.”Iranian leaders have denied any accusations that the government has abused citizens.CNN News Item5政治：伊拉克全国选举投票结束Iraqis put democracy into action today in elections held across the country.The polls have closed and a vote-counting has begun.V oters went to6,000polling stations to pick from among14,000candidates including4,000women.Security is very tight though,voters were searched before they entered the polls.The borders with Iran and Syria were sealed and a curfew has been put into place.Now even the United Nations was involved in monitoring those elections.CNN News Item6政治：伊朗前总统将参加六月份总统竞选Iranian media reports former President Mohammad Khatami has announced he will run in the June presidential elections.Today’s announcement ends weeks of speculation.Khatami is considered a reformist and overwhelmingly won the presidency in1997but he couldn’t bring about religious and democratic freedoms because of strong opposition from the country’s religious establishment.Khatami was succeeded by current President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad four years ago.CNN News Item7政治：奥巴马行程Meanwhile U.S.President Barack Obama is taking crisis talks to an international level.British Prime Minister Gordon Brown is traveling to the United States on Monday to push for global solutions to the economic crisis.He will be the first E.U.leader to meet the new president in Washington and Mr.Obama will meet the remaining E.U.leaders at a special summit in Prague in April.That will be his first trip to Europe since taking office.Also on that trip,the G20summit on the economic crisis and a NATO meeting.CNN News Item8政治：英国航空公司机舱服务员罢工计划Strike is off,the judge says plans for a walkout by a British Airway’s Cabin Crew cannot happen.As we reported yesterday,this strike which would have last through the holidays could have effected a million passengers’holiday travel plans.But the judge has blocked it from happening.Now the airline says it hopes the Cabin Crews Labor Union would take some time to think about its next steps.The union representatives say this dispute is not over and unless the two sides can come to a solution,they could vote to strike again, but after Christmas.CNN News Item9政治：泰国内乱Heading overseas to Thailand where grenade attacks in the capital city of Bangkok have killed at least three people.A Thai official said the grenades came from an area where people who were protesting the government were gathered together.The protesters say they are not responsible.They have been fighting with police for a while here you can see them throwing rocks and other things at police.They support the country’s former prime minister and they want the current leader to leave office.After these recent attacks, Thailand’s prime minister called an emergency meeting to figure out how to deal with the situation.CNN News Item10政治：十字架纪念碑争议获最高法院裁定U.S.Supreme Court says that a memorial out in the Mojave Desert does not violate the U.S. Constitution.The memorial is a large cross.It was put up in1934to honor fallen soldiers.But it’s located in a national park,and some people argue that it’s a religious symbol that goes against the concept of separation of church and state.The cross was boarded up because of the legal battle.Yesterday’s Supreme Court decision was close:5to4.Writing for the majority,Justice Anthony Kennedy said that this cross represents “far more than religion.”But in opposition,Justice John Paul Stevens argued the government can’t lawfully endorse a religious symbol as a way to pay tribute to veterans.CNN News Item11政治：三名美国人质关押五年后获自由Freed at last after five years in captivity,three Americans held hostage by leftist rebels in Colombia are back on U.S.soil and will be reunited with their families.Marc Gonsalves,Thomas Howes and Keith Stansell were among those rescued during an incredible operation yesterday.Columbian secret agents tricked leftist rebels into handing them over without a single shot being fired.The men are now undergoing tests at an army medical center in San Antonio,Texas.CNN News Item12政治：奥巴马总统的医疗改革案阻力重重Health care reform enters a new era in about two hours.President Obama is scheduled to sign that bill into law.Then,he is going to travel around the country to sell the plan to skeptics.But Republicans say that battle is on to get ready for legal challenges,nearly a dozen states plan to argue that it’s not constitutional.As early as tomorrow,the debate moves to the Senate where lawmakers will consider a companion measure,and Republicans plan,parliamentary objections that could change that bill and force it back to the House.Now, even before the first votes were cast in the health care debate,Barack Obama’s overall approval rating dropped to his lowest level ever recorded.CNN News Item13政治：美国参议员和众议员本月会面商讨医改终案Members of the U.S.Senate and House of Representatives will be meeting this month to put together a final health care reform bill.The Senate passed its version on Christmas Eve.The House had already passed its bill.But there are some pretty big differences between the two.One of them:cost.The Senate bill checks in at$871billion.The House version:Over$1trillion.Another issue:the so-called public option,a government-run health insurance program.House bill includes it;Senate bill doesn’t.So,some compromises need to be made to come up with a final bill.And since that then has to be approved by both Houses of Congress,there are some concerns about whether it will pass.CNN News Item14政治：津巴布韦总统遭遇国际压力Another day of international pressure levied against Zimbabwe’s embattled President Robert Mugabe. British officials have announced they are stripping Robert Mugabe’s honorary knighthood title.Nobel Prize winner Desmond Tutu is also speaking out about the election mess there.He’s urging the nations of the world to intervene.The calls come after opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai withdrew from the election, citing violence against his party.The Zimbabwean Electoral Commission ruled today that the presidential election will go on as planned.CNN News Item15政治：茶党出炉支持和反对的候选人名单The Tea Party movement is getting ready for the mid-term elections coming up in November.The group has released a list of heroes and targets.The heroes on the list are candidates that the Tea Party plans to support in the elections.The targets are anyone that the group would like to see voted out of office.Of course lists are not the only way that the Tea Party gets its message out.Rallies are the group’s bread and butter.This one in Washington DC yesterday was a wrapping up of a three-week tour across the U.S.The timing?No coincidence.Yesterday,of course,was tax day.And the group is opposed to what it sees as the government overspending.CNN News Item16政治：奥巴马欲与伊朗冰释前嫌Today marks the30th anniversary of the Iranian hostage crisis.And President Obama said that he wants to move beyond the past and build a relationship with Iran based on mutual interest and mutual respect. U.S.-Iran relations had been hostile since the day that Islamic students stormed the U.S.embassy in Tehran and held52Americans hostage for more than400days.Iran’s government holds rally every year to celebrate that event.Today there’s something different though,anti-government protesters are also on the streets.We are also getting some reports of clashes with those police.No word about any injury yet.CNN News Item17政治：参议员考虑医疗保健立法的部分替代方案Senators are considering alternatives to part of their healthcare legislation,specifically,the so-called public option,government-run health insurance program.Senate republicans and some democrats and independents are against that plan.A group of Democratic Senators was working to come up with some other ideas they could replace the public option.And late last night,they said they had reached an agreement.If the Senate passes its healthcare bill,that does not make it law,would still need to be combined with Health bill and then that final version would need to pass both the House and the Senate.CNN News Item18经济：施瓦辛格呼吁立法者关注加州财政赤字Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger says he refuses to borrow money to keep his state running,he wants legislators to focus on the state's24billion dollar deficit or the state could be forced to cut thousands of jobs, eliminate health care for a million low income children.Meanwhile lawmakers are debating hundreds of other bills including creating a state blueberry commission.Banning toy cigarette lighters and mandating a larger font size for medical worker name tags.CNN News Item19经济：丰田汽车公司感谢美交通部长对召回事件的澄清Ray LaHood,the head of the U.S.Transportation Department,is weighing in on Toyota’s recall of millions of vehicles due to a faulty gas pedal.But what Hood is saying might be causing some confusion.During a hearing on Capitol Hill yesterday,Secretary LaHood said that anyone who owns one of the cars affected by the recall should“stop driving it and take it to a dealer.”That scared and frustrated a lot of owners,and later in the day,LaHood corrected himself.Toyota released a statement thanking Secretary LaHood for clarifying his remarks.They also said,“We want to make sure that our customers understand that this situation is rare and generally does not occur suddenly.If you experience any issues with your accelerator pedal,please contact your dealer without delay.If you are not experiencing any issues with your pedal,we are confident that your vehicle is safe to drive.”CNN News Item20经济：油门事件让丰田汽车公司蒙受损失Toyota says that a glitch in the electronic brakes could cause a delay when you step on the pedal.They say it only affects2010models sold last year.And it’s those very same cars that are being credited with Toyota’s cash cow.New numbers just out say they made$1.7billion last quarter,but it won’t last for long. For the first time,Toyota is admitting it’s going to take a huge beating due to this gas pedal nightmare.$2 billion for repairs and lost sales.CNN News Item21经济：美国国际集团发放高管奖金AIG is trying to prevent a new wave of backlash over paying out bonuses to its top executives.The Washington Post reports the company has asked the Obama Administration to approve millions of dollars in promised bonuses.The payments are scheduled to go out next week.AIG doesn’t actually need approval. Because the payments were linked to contracts from last year before received aid from the federal bailout funds.But the Post reports executives still are reluctant to pay without official approval.An earlier round of 2008AIG employee bonuses drew widespread criticism earlier this year.CNN News Item22经济：医疗保险改革方案之争The raw politics of health is heating up in the Senate.Just before air last night,Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid announced a group of10liberal and conservative Democrats had reached a deal to replace the hotly debated public option with a package of alternatives.Senator Reid offered few details.But today, President Obama praised the emerging compromise.Now,the public plan deal came just hours after the Senate killed a controversial amendment to restrict abortion coverage in its health care bill to ensure that no federal funds go toward covering any kind of abortion in this new reform.Nebraska Senator Ben Nelson had introduced that amendment.He called it a deal-breaker.He’s also one of the10senators to hammer out the deal to drop the public plan.CNN News Item23经济：欧洲一些国家经济前景堪忧Over in Europe,the financial outlook for a few countries isn’t looking too good.The investment ratings for Spain,Portugal and Greece all went down this week.Greece might be the worst situation.Experts are using the word“junk”to describe that nation’s investment rating.Basically,they’re saying that it’s very risky to put your money there.Greece has a massive debt,nearly$400billion.That’s bigger than the country’s economy.Greece is developing ways to cut spending,but Greek workers aren’t too happy about some of those plans,and they’ve been protesting about it.Greece is also asking for financial help from the European Union:a bailout of more than$50billion.CNN News Item24经济：新加坡经济前景黯淡Well moving around to the East of Asia now,Southeast of Asia,a gloomy forecast out of Singapore. The government says its economy will likely shrink by between6and9%this year.The announcement comes as the city-state’s first quarter GDP fell almost12%from the,from a year ago.In seasonally adjusted terms it was even more brutal than that actually.Singapore is reducing its output for the third time this year, as demand for its exports continues to fall amidst a worsening financial crisis.It previously predicted just a 5%contraction for the full year.CNN News Item25经济：九大金融机构将收到政府的资金援助The Treasury says the country’s largest banks will start receiving125-billion dollars this week. Beginning the biggest government bailout in history,the money is being sent to9major financial institutions including Bank of America,Citigroup and JP Morgan chase.The government is also in talks with a group of more than a dozen regional banks about sharing part of an additional125-billion dollars.Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson says250of the700-billion-dollar bailout package will be spent by the end of the year.CNN News Item26经济：奥巴马就小企业贷款问题会见美国银行巨头In the United States,President Obama is scheduled to sit down today with the heads of some of the country’s biggest banks to talk about small businesses,ones that have500or fewer employees.Many of them are having a hard time getting loans from banks.But banks argue that the policies put in place because of this financial crisis have affected how they can offer the loans.CNN News Item27经济：高盛集团新表现Goldman Sachs surprised investors on Monday with an early release of its quarterly profits,which were way better than analysts had expected,twice as good,in terms of earnings per share.Now profits for the first 3months of the year came into a total of$1.81billion.Goldman also announced plans for a$5billion share sale to help back its,help pay back rather,its so called TARP loan from the ernment.$10billion under the troubled assets relief program.CNN News Item28经济：两党会面以解决7000亿美元救助法案的分歧Lawmakers say they’re close to a deal on the700-billion-dollar package to rescue the troubled financial system.A bipartisan group has been meeting today to hash out differences.Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer,chairman of the joint economic committee,says he hopes to reach a deal by this afternoon.Among the details being hammered out,how much the plan will cost?The most common amount being talked about is700-billion dollars;another key point in the negotiations is whether the government will actually become a shareholder in troubled companies.One part of the plan that seems certain to become a law will be a provision to limit executive pay and bonuses at companies that sell assets to the Treasury.CNN News Item29经济：奥巴马就增加就业和拯救经济发表演讲During a speech yesterday,President Obama offered some ideas on how to create new jobs and help out the country’s economy.Offering tax breaks to small businesses,expanding some of the government’s stimulus programs,and spending more money on infrastructure projects things like roads,bridges and water systems.The thing is,all of that costs money and that’s where the TARP comes in.That’s the Troubled Asset Relief Program,the financial industry bailout passed last year.The bailout ended up not costing as much as expected and President Obama thinks the extra could be used to help out in other ways.CNN News Item30经济：欧佩克石油产量再减OPEC is going ahead with another oil production cut.OPEC has agreed to cut production by2.2 million barrels a day.U.S.crude for January delivery dropped to just over42dollars a barrel after the announcement.Crude oil prices have dropped nearly70%since July.OPEC cut production in September and October,but those cuts didn’t have much impact on prices.CNN News Item31经济：美国克莱斯勒公司重组协议Chrysler and Italian automaker Fiat has signed off on a deal brokered by Uncle Sam to become what’s known as Chrysler Group.Fiat will initially take a20percent stake.It can’t take a majority stake until the new Chrysler pays back the15.5billion dollars it took from the Treasury Department.The UAW holds a55 percent stake,leaving an8percent stake for the U.S.,2percent for Canada.The Supreme Court cleared the way for the deal yesterday,after delaying the sale pending review of a case brought by Indiana state pensionfunds.CNN News Item32经济：通用汽车公司面临危机Major concerns now about the U.S.auto industry,these numbers are just out,and Toyota finally overtook GM as the world’s biggest automaker in terms of sales for all of last year.That’s a title GM has held for nearly eight decades.Even worse than that,a GM executive warns the company will run out of cash by March31st if it doesn’t get that second installment of government funds soon.GM is supposed to get the five-billion installment within a matter of days.CNN News Item33经济：对伯纳德·麦道夫的保释听证会今日取消Some new developments in the Wall Street investment fraud case,the bail hearing for Bernard Madoff has been canceled for today,meaning he will remain free for the time being.Meantime,the head of the Securities and Exchange Commission is criticizing his own agency for failing to spot the investment scheme by former NASDAQ Chairman Bernard Madoff.SEC Chairman Christopher Cox says there were many instances over a decade that should have been flagged.CNN News Item34经济：美国三大汽车公司CEO办理贷款事宜CEOs from Ford,Chrysler and General Motors are making their case for a25-billion-dollar emergency loan.They want Congress to tap into the700-billion-dollar Wall Street bailout approved last month.Many Republican critics point to financial mismanagement at the Big Three and argue the companies don’t deserve any help.Most Democrats disagree,saying the auto industry is too important to the overall economy to fail.CNN News Item35经济：中美财长会晤中国北京China is where U.S.Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner was yesterday.During a week-long trip to Asia that he is taking,Secretary Geithner stopped over in Beijing and meet with his Chinese counterpart. One issue they were expected to talk about was the value of the yuan;that’s China’s currency.Some U.S. officials claim that China is undervaluing the yuan;they’re accusing China of saying that the yuan is worth less than what it should be.China denies that.This matters because the yuan and the dollar are connected. And if the value of the yuan is down,it could encourage people to spend more on Chinese products than on American ones.CNN News Item36经济：7870亿美元的经济刺激法案之争将结束The battle over the787-billion-dollar stimulus bill officially ends after President’s Day.President Obama says he will sign the bill into law in Denver On Tuesday.He is calling the measure“a major milestone in the recovery of the U.S.economy.”Administration officials say the President wants to get away from the politics of Washington and sign the bill in an area hit hard by the recession.They say Denver is a place that will see the bill’s benefits in hiring workers.CNN News Item37军事：一名重要的恐怖分子丧命One of the FBI’s most wanted terrorists is dead.Imad Mougniyeh was killed in an explosion in Syria this morning.Mougniyeh was a top Hezbollah commander.He was blamed for several high-profile terrorist acts that left hundreds of Americans and Israelis dead,including the17-day hijacking of a TW A Flight in1985.He was also suspected of masterminding the attacks on the U.S.embassy and Marine barracks in Lebanon that killed more than260Americans in1983.CNN News Item38军事：伊朗进行为期三天的大规模军事演练Moving from Thailand to the Persian Gulf now,where Iran is running a massive military drill expected to last three days.An Iranian official says the goal is to show off the country’s military strength.It might look like a real battle what you are seeing here is just practice.U.S.Navy says Iran has done this sort of thing in the past.This one is getting more attention because Iran talked about it ahead of time.CNN News Item39军事：奥巴马外政顾问出来辟谣No commitment by President-elect Barack Obama on a missile defense program in Eastern Europe. That’s according to a senior Obama advisor.The statement comes after claims on the Polish president’s website—The two had a call on the matter and that Obama said he intended to continue the program. Obama’s senior foreign policy advisor denied that claim.He said Obama talked with the Polish president about continuing military and political cooperation and possibly meeting in person some time soon.CNN News Item40军事：胡德堡枪击受伤士兵获紫心勋章Congress considers a new bill that would make some soldiers eligible for the Purple Heart. Representative John Carter introduced the new legislation yesterday.The Fort Hood army post is located in his home district in Texas.This bill is focused on the victims of the recent shooting there.The Purple Heart first created in1782is given to any U.S.service member who is wounded and killed while serving in action against an enemy or in a terrorist attack.Representative Carter says the Fort Hood victims deserved the Purple Heart because he considers the shooting to be an enemy attack.CNN News Item41军事：美国宣布停止制造新核武器The ernment says it will stop making new,nuclear weapons,and it’s reconsidering what to do with the weapons that already exist.The announcement came yesterday,two days before President Obama is scheduled to sign a treaty with Russia that would reduce how many nuclear weapons both countries have.It also comes one week before he hosts a global meeting on nuclear security.More than40countries are expected to attend that.But back to yesterday’s announcement.This new policy would stop production of nuclear weapons.It would also invest about$5billion in extending the life of weapons that already exist. Seven countries are officially recognized as nuclear powers,meaning they have nuclear weapons.But there are other countries that are suspected of trying to make them.U.S.officials hope this change from America will encourage other countries—all countries—to help control the spread of nuclear weapons.U.S.has promised not to use its own nukes against anyone who does that.But as Defense Secretary Robert Gates pointed out,that doesn’t mean retaliation is out of the question in every situation.CNN News Item42军事：加沙遭遇四十年来最严重的人道主义危机Gaza is facing its worst humanitarian crisis in more than40years.A new report by aid agencies and humanitarian groups says things haven’t been this dismal since Israel’s1967occupation.It says the Israeli blockade has left more than one million Palestinians isolated,dealing with poverty,dealing with unemployment,with little access to education and healthcare services.It found water and sewage systemsare on the verge of collapse.Israel blames the hardships on Hamas militants who keep firing rockets into Israel.CNN News Item43军事：美俄签署核武器削减条约We are getting things started with START.It stands for Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.It’s an agreement between the United States and Russia for both countries to reduce the number of nuclear weapons they have.President Obama also says it’s part of the effort to“reset”the relationship between the two countries.Yesterday,he and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev got together in the Czech Republic to sign off on START.The agreement cuts the number of nuclear weapons that the U.S.and Russia have by about a third.The White House is scheduled to hold a meeting on nuclear security next week.It’s something that President Obama says affects the entire world.CNN News Item44军事：伊朗炫耀其军事防御能力Just how far will Iran push the international community this weekend?Well today,it reportedly tested two types of short-range missiles and a launching system.Iran’s military freely admitted it was showing off its defense capabilities.And it planned to keep up the missile exercises for10or11more days.In other news, the show-off force does come just days after words that Iran is building a second uranium enrichment plant. These satellite images supposedly show the location by the city of Qom.The U.S.and its allies quickly condemned this project.And Tehran says it’s just a civilian energy program,but U.S.official believed it was a cover for developing nuclear weapons.The Iranian say they will allow international inspectors into the plants.CNN News Item45军事：巴以冲突不停There is no letup of Israel’s assault on Gaza and Hamas’s rocket attacks into Israel.The fighting has entered a third week with mounting casualties on both sides.Israel says Hamas commander in charge of launching rockets into Israel from Gaza City was killed by ground fire.Also during a three-hour lull today Israel dropped leaflets warning residence to evacuate their homes.An United Stations spokesman says the pausing fighting was not longer enough to resume aid deliveries into Gaza.The humanitarian situation there is described as desperate and Palestinian medical sources say at least800people have been killed in Gaza since Israeli offensive began.13Israelies including10soldiers have also died.CNN News Item46军事：伊朗下月将进行大规模军事演习A holy day in Iran marked by violence as protesters clashed with police forces about a week ago. Demonstrators have spoken out against the country’s government for months now,but the clashes on the Muslim holy day of Ashura were the worst so far.At least seven people killed in the violence,though protesters and security forces disagree on how those deaths happened.Meantime,Iran’s government says it’s getting ready to hold a“large-scale military exercise”next month.The country says the goal is to prepare its forces to fight against an attack by the nation’s enemies.There’s been a lot of tension based around Iran’s nuclear program.The country says the program is for peaceful purposes.Other countries,including the U.S., believe Iran might be trying to build nuclear weapons.。
CNN-训练流程
CNN-训练流程卷积神经⽹络（CNN）训练流程1、图像预处理（1）尺度调整：将不同⼤⼩的训练样本集图像尺⼨调整为48*48（2）对⽐度变换：将图像对⽐度归⼀化的三种⽅法A.将三个彩⾊空间的像素围绕平均像素强度线性变换加减⼀个标准偏差。
B.将三个彩⾊空间的像素围绕平均像素强度线性变换加减两个个标准偏差。
C.Contrast-limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE)对⽐受限的⾃适应直⽅图均衡化。
第三种对⽐度变换产⽣的效果最好。
图像扭曲：图像的位移，旋转度和尺度变换⼤⼩值都是在特定范围均匀分布的，在正负10%范围内。
2、卷积神经⽹络处理流程Our plain feed-forward CNN architecture is trained using on-line gradient descent. Images from the training set might be translated, scaled and rotated, whereas only the original images are used for validation. Training ends once the validation error is zero (usually after 10 to 50 epochs). Initial weights are drawn from a uniform random distribution in the range [?0.05, 0.05]. Each neuron’s activation function is a scaled hyperbolic tangent。
⽤在线梯度下降算法训练CNN，当有效误差为零训练结束（通常在10—50代之后），初始权重均匀分布在[-0.05—0.05]随机产⽣。
每⼀个神经元的激励函数为双曲正切函数。