管理经济学英文缩写与解释
管理经济学中英文术语及其解释
管理经济学中英文术语及其解释Ability-to-Pay principle (税收的)能力支付原则the idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burdenAbsolute advantage绝对优势the comparison among producers of a good according to their productivityAccounting profit会计利润total revenue minus total explicit costAdverse selection逆向选择the tendency for the mix of unobserved attributes to become undesirable from the standpoint of an uninformed partyAgent代理人 a person who is performing an act for another person, called the principalArrow ‟s impossibility theorem阿罗不可能定理a mathematical result showing that, under certain assumed conditions, there is no scheme for aggregating individual preferences into a valid set of social preferencesAverage fixed cost平均固定成本fixed costs divided by the quantity of outputAverage revenue平均收益total revenue divided by the quantity soldAverage tax rate平均税率total taxes paid divided by total incomeAverage total cost平均总成本total cost divided by the quantity of outputAverage variable cost平均可变成本variable costs divided by the quantity of outputBenefits principle受益原则the idea that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government servicesBudget constraint预算约束the limit on the consumption bundles that a consumer can afford Budget deficit预算赤字an excess of government spending over government receiptsBudget surplus预算盈余an excess of government receipts over government spending Business cycle经济周期fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production Capital资产the equipment and structures used to produce goods and servicesCartel卡特尔a group of firms acting in unisonCircular-flow diagram循环流向图 a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firmsCoase theorem科斯定理the proposition that if private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources, they can solve the problem of externalities on their ownCollusion共谋an agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to chargeCommon resources共源goods that are rival but not excludableComparative advantage比较优势the comparison among producers of a good according to their opportunity costCompensating differential补偿性工资差别 a difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobsCompetitive market竞争性市场 a market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price takerComplements互补性商品two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to a decrease in the demand for the otherCondorcet paradox孔多塞悖论（投票悖论）the failure of majority rule to produce transitive preferences for societyConstant returns to scale规模报酬不变the property whereby long-run average total cost staysthe same as the quantity of output changesConsumer surplus消费者剩余 a buyer‟s willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually paysCost成本the value of everything a seller must give up to produce a goodCost-benefit analysis成本收益分析 a study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public goodCross-price elasticity of demand需求的交叉价格弹性 a measure of how much the quantity demanded of one good responds to a change in the price of another good, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded of the first good divided by the percentage change in the price of the second goodDeadweight loss无谓损失the fall in total surplus that results from a market distortion, such as a taxDemand curve需求曲线 a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demandedDemand schedule需求表 a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demandedDiminishing marginal product边际产品递减the property whereby the marginal product of an input declines．As the quantity of the input increasesDiscrimination歧视the offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristicsDiseconomies of scale规模不经济the property whereby long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increasesDominant strategy占优策略 a strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other playersEconomic profit经济利润total revenue minus total cost, including both explicit and implicit costsEconomics经济学the study of how society manages its scarce resourcesEconomies of scale规模经济the property whereby long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increasesEfficiency效率the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources Efficiency wages效率工资above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivityEfficient scale有效规模the quantity of output that minimizes average total costElasticity弹性 a measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinantsEquilibrium均衡 a situation in which the price has reached the level where quantity supplied equals quantity demandedEquilibrium price均衡价格the price that balances quantity supplied and quantity demanded Equilibrium quantity均衡数量the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded at the equilibrium priceEquity平等the property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of societyExcludability排他性the property of a good whereby a person can be prevented from using it Explicit costs显性成本input costs that require an outlay of money by the firmExports出口goods produced domestically and sold abroadExternality外部性the uncompensated impact of one person‟s actions on the wellbeing of a bystanderFactors of production生产要素the inputs used to produce goods and servicesFixed casts固定成本costs that do not vary with the quantity of output producedFree rider免费搭车者 a person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it Game theory博弈论the study of how people behave in strategic situationsGiffen good吉芬商品 a good for which an increase in the price raises the quantity demanded Horizontal equity横向公平the idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amountHuman capital人力资本the accumulation of investments in people, such as education andon-the-job trainingImplicit costs隐性成本input costs that do not require an outlay of money by the firmImport quota进口配额 a limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domesticallyImports进口goods produced abroad and sold domesticallyIncome effect收入效应the change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curveIncome elasticity of demand需求的收入弹性 a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers‟ income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in incomeIndifference curve无差异曲线 a curve that shows consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfactionInferior good低档物品 a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in demandInflation通货膨胀an increase in the overall level of prices in the economyIn-kind transfers实物转移支付transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cashInternalizing an externality外部性的内在化altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actionsLaw of demand需求定理the claim that, other things equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good risesLaw of supply and demand需求与供给定理the claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded for that good into balanceLiberalism自由主义the political philosophy according to which the government should choose policies deemed to be just, as evaluated by an impartial observer behind a “veil of ignorance”Libertarianism自由至上主义the political philosophy according to which the government should punish crimes and enforce voluntary agreements but not redistribute incomeLife cycle生命周期the regular pattern of income variation over a person‟s lifeLump-sum tax定额税 a tax that is the same amount for every personMacroeconomics宏观经济学the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growthMarginal changes边际变动small incremental adjustments to a plan of actionMarginal cost边际成本the increase in total cost that arises from an extra unit of production Marginal product边际产品the increase in output that arises from an additional unit of input Marginal product of labor劳动的边际产品the increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of laborMarginal rate of substitution边际替代率the rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for anotherMarginal revenue边际收益the change in total revenue from an additional unit soldMarginal tax rate边际税率the extra taxes paid on an additional dollar of incomeMarket市场 a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or serviceMarket economy市场经济an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services Market failure市场失灵 a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficientlyMarket power市场势力the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market pricesMaximin criterion极大极小准则the claim that the government should aim to maximize the well-being of the worst-off person in societyMedian voter theorem中位选举人定理 a mathematical result showing that if voters are choosing a point along a line and each voter wants the point closest to his most preferred point, then majority rule will pick the most preferred point of the median voterMicroeconomics微观经济学the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in marketsMonopolistic competition垄断竞争 a market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identicalMonopoly垄断 a firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutesMoral hazard道德风险the tendency of a person who is imperfectly monitored to engage in dishonest or otherwise undesirable behaviorNash equilibrium纳什均衡 a situation in which economic actors interacting with one another each choose their best strategy given the strategies that all the other actors have chosenNatural monopoly自然垄断 a monopoly that arises because a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a smaller cost than could two or more firmsNegative income tax负所得税 a tax system that collects revenue from high-income households and gives transfers to low-income householdsNormal good正常商品 a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to an increase in demandNormative statements规范性表述claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should be Oligopoly寡头 a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical productsOpportunity cost机会成本whatever must be given up to obtain some itemPerfect complements完全互补品two goods with right-angle indifference curvesPerfect substitutes完全替代品two goods with straight-line indifference curvesPermanent income持久性收入 a person‟s normal incomePhillips curve菲利普斯曲线 a curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemploymentPigovian tax庇古税 a tax enacted to correct the effects of a negative externalityPositive statements实证表述claims that attempt to describe the world as it isPoverty line贫困线an absolute level of income set by the federal government for each family size below which a family is deemed to be in povertyPoverty rate贫困率the percentage of the population whose family income falls below an absolute level called the …poverty linePrice ceiling价格天花板（上限） a legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold Price discrimination价格歧视the business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customersPrice elasticity of demand需求的价格弹性 a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in pricePrice elasticity supply供给的价格弹性 a measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in pricePrice floor价格地板I下限） a legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold Principal委托人 a person for whom another person, called the agent, is performing some act Prisoners‟ dilemma囚徒困境 a particular “game” between two captured prisoners that illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficialPrivate goods私人物品goods that are both excludable and rivalProducer surplus生产者剩余the amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller‟s cost Production function生产函数the relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the quantity of output of that goodProduction possibilities frontier生产可能性曲线 a graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technologyProductivity生产率the quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker‟s timeProfit利润total revenue minus total costProgressive tax累进税 a tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a larger fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayersProportional tax比例税 a tax for which high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of incomePublic goods公共产品goods that are neither excludable nor rivalQuantity demanded需求数量the amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase Quantity supplied供给数量the amount of a good that sellers are willing and able to sell Regressive tax累退税 a tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a smaller fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayersRivalry竞争the property of a good whereby one person‟s use diminishes other people‟s use Scarcity稀缺性the limited nature of society‟s resourcesScreening筛选an action taken by an uninformed party to induce an informed party to reveal informationShortage短缺 a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied Signaling信号显示an action taken by an informed party to reveal private information to anuninformed partyStrike罢工the organized withdrawal of labor from a firm by a unionSubstitutes替代品two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the otherSubstitution effect替代效应the change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer along a given indifference curve to a point with a new marginal rate of substitution Sunk cost沉淀成本 a cost that has already been committed and cannot be recoveredSupply curve供给曲线 a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity suppliedSupply schedule供给表 a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity suppliedSurplus过剩 a situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demandedTariff关税 a tax on goods produced abroad and sold domesticallyTax incidence税收归宿the manner in which the burden of a tax is shared among participants in a marketTotal cost总成本the market value of the inputs a firm uses in productionTotal revenue (for a firm)总收益the amount a firm receives for the sale of its outputTotal revenue (in a market)总收益the amount paid by buyers and received by sellers of a good, computed as the price of the good times the quantity soldTragedy of the Commons公共地的悲剧a parable that illustrates why common resources get used more than is desirable from the standpoint of society as a wholeTransaction costs交易成本the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargainUnion工会 a worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditionsUtilitarianism功利主义the political philosophy according to which the government should choose policies to maximize the total utility of everyone in societyUtility效用 a measure of happiness or satisfactionValue of the marginal product边际产品价值the marginal product of an input times the price of the outputVariable costs可变成本costs that vary with the quantity of output producedVertical equity纵向公平the idea that taxpayers with a greater ability to pay taxes should pay larger amountsWelfare福利government programs that supplement the incomes of the needyWelfare economics福利经济学the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-beingWillingness to pay支付意愿the maximum amount that a buyer will pay for a goodWorld price世界价格the price of a good that prevails in the world market for that good。
管理经济学(英文)Ch02 Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium Prices
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2.6
Demand Curves
Figure 2.1
P1 P2 0
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2.15
Non-Price Factors Influencing Supply
State of technology Input prices
Prices of goods related in
production
Future expectations
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2.20
Changes (Increase) in Supply Figure 2.5
S1 S2 P1 0
A change in supply occurs when one or more of the factors held constant in defining a given supply curve change
A B
The demand curve shows the relationship between price of a good and quantity demanded, all else constant
Demand Q1 Q2 Quantity
2.7
More About Demand Curves
P1
DB DA 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Quantity DM = DA + DB
与经济管理有关的 几个m单词
与经济管理有关的几个m单词经济管理涉及各种各样的概念和术语，其中有许多以字母"M"开头。
下面是与经济管理有关的几个以"M"开头的词语，以及对它们的详细解释。
1. 市场经济（Market Economy）：市场经济是一种经济体系，其中资源的分配和生产决策是由市场上的供需关系和价格产生的。
在市场经济中，生产、消费和投资决策是由个体和企业自主决定的，而政府的干预仅限于维持市场顺利运转和提供公共产品。
2. 货币政策（Monetary Policy）：货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率等手段来影响经济活动和稳定物价的政策。
货币政策的目标通常是维持价格稳定、促进经济增长和就业。
3. 营销（Marketing）：营销是指企业根据市场需求和竞争状况，通过市场调研、产品定位、市场推广等手段来满足顾客需求、促进销售和提高品牌价值的管理活动。
营销包括市场营销、品牌营销、数字营销等各个方面。
4. 管理（Management）：管理是一种协调和组织资源来实现组织目标的活动。
经济管理是在特定的经济环境下，对资源分配和利益协调进行决策和操作的过程。
它包括计划、组织、领导和控制等各个方面。
5. 宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）：宏观经济学是研究经济体整体表现和宏观变量（如国内生产总值、失业率、通货膨胀等）的学科。
它关注整体经济运行的规律和宏观经济政策的制定。
6. 人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）：人力资源管理是企业或组织通过招募、选用、培训、绩效评估等手段来管理和开发人力资源的过程。
它旨在提高员工的工作效能，促进组织目标的实现。
7. 国际贸易（International Trade）：国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务的交换活动。
它可以促进资源的有效配置和经济增长，并加强国家之间的经济联系。
8. 竞争策略（Competitive Strategy）：竞争策略是企业根据市场竞争和自身资源优势，制定并实施的长期发展方向和竞争优势的计划。
《管理经济学》英文缩写与解释
AFC(Average Fixed Cost)：平均固定成本
AP(Average Product)：平均产量
AR(Average Revenue)：平均收益
AVC(Average Variable Cost)：平均可变成本
C(Cost)：成本
CBA(Cost Benefit Analysis)：成本收益分析
P(Price)：价格
PEP(PriceExpansionPath)：价格扩展线
PEL(Production Expansion Line)：生产扩展线
PS(Producer Surplus)：生产者剩余
FP(Fact数量
r(rate)：利率
TVC(Total Variable Cost)：总可变成本
U(Utility)：效用
VMP(Value of Marginal Product)：边际产品价值
W(Wage)：劳动价格(工资)
Game Theory：博弈论
《管理经济学》缩写名词
MC(Marginal Cost)：边际成本
MFC(Marginal Factor Cost)：边际要素成本
DC(Demand Curve)：需求曲线
DM(Diminishing?Marginal)：边际递减
MTR(Marginal Tax Rate)：边际税率
EP(Economic Profit)：经济利润
MR(Marginal Revenue)：边际收益
MRP(Marginal Revenue)：边际收益产品
MRS(Marginal Rate ofSubstitution)：商品边际替代率
MRTS(MarginalRateof
Bwdaaxu管理经济学知识点
七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。
吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。
情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。
是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。
乃书于纸上。
毕而卧。
凄然入梦。
乙酉年七月初七。
-----啸之记。
绪论：一．管理经济学与微观经济学的异同同：前者与后者都是研究企业的行为，都要根据对企业目标的假设，再结合企业内外的环境来研究。
异：（1）后者是一门理论科学，研究的是抽象的企业，而前者则是一门应用科学，研究的是现实的企业（2）后者是以企业的唯一目标是追求最大利润为假设的，而前者则认为实现企业的目标从短期看，只能是有条件地谋求尽可能多的利润，从长期看，则是追求企业价值的最大化（3）后者是以企业所处环境的全部信息已知为假设的，据此来研究企业行为的一般规律，而前者则认为企业的环境信息是不确定的，因而需要依靠多种学科的知识对有关数据进行预测和估计，在不确定条件下进行具体决策。
二、管经的理论和支柱主要有：建立经济模型，边际分析法，需求弹性原理，关于市场机制和市场竞争的基本原理，边际收益递减规律，机会成本概念和资金的时间价值。
三、管经的决策准则1、企业目标：企业分为短期目标和长期目标。
短期目标是多样化的，长期目标是实现企业长期利润的最大化。
2、利润的种类及其在决策中的作用：可分为会计利润和经济利润，经济利润是决策的基础。
几种特殊情况下的机会成本：（1）业主用自己的资金办企业——把这笔资金借出可得到的利息。
（2）业主自己兼任经理——他在别处从事其他工作可得到的薪水。
（3）机器原来闲置，现在用来生产某种产品——零。
（4）机器原来生产A，可得利润X元，现在改生产B——生产A可得到的利润X元。
（5）过去买进的物料，现在市价变了，其机会成本——按市价计算。
（6）按目前市价购进的物料、雇用的职工以及贷入的资金——与其会计成本一致。
（7）机器设备折旧——该机器设备期初与期未可变卖价值之差。
《管理经济学》英文缩写与解释
AFC(Average Fixed Cost)：平均固定成本
AP(Average Product)：平均产量
AR(Average Revenue)：平均收益
AVC(Average Variable Cost)：平均可变成本
C(Cost)：成本
CBA(Cost Benefit Analysis)：成本收益分析
P(Price)：价格
PEP(Price Expansion Path)：价格扩展线
PEL(Production Expansion Line)：生产扩展线
PS(Producer Surplus )：生产者剩余
FP(Factors of Production)：生产要素
Q(Quantity )：数量
MC(Marginal Cost)：边际成本
MFC(Marginal Factor Cost)：边际要素成本
DC(Demand Curve)：需求曲线
DM(Diminishing Marginal)：边际递减
MTR(Marginal Tax Rate)：边际税率
EP(Economic Profit)：经济利润
ES(Economies of Scale)：规模经济
DS(Diseconomies of Scale)：规模不经济
CM(Competitive Market)：竞争性市场
MC(Monopolistic Competition)：垄断竞争
OC(Oligopoly Competitive)：寡头竞争
MP(Marginal Product)：边际产量/产品
TFC(Total Fixed Cost)：总固定成本
管理经济学--名词解释
名词：1、管理经济学：是一门研究如何把传统经济学的理论和经济分析方法应用于企业管理决策实践的学科。
2、经济模型：是由经济变量之间的函数关系（可以用代数式表示，也可以用图或表格形式来表示）构成的，经济学的任务就是在于通过建立经济模型来研究经济变量之间的因果关系，以达到科学地进行经济预测和经济决策的目的。
3、边际分析法：是微观经济学分析和研究资源最优配置的基本方法，它首先是一种正确的决策思想，边际即“额外”，“追加”之间。
用边际分析法来衡量一个方案或一项活动是否有利，就是要把这个方案或活动引起的额外成本（边际成本）与引起的额外收益（边际收入）相比，如果后者大于前者，就是有利的，否则就是不利的，这种决策方法体现了向前看的决策思想。
4、机会成本：是指资源用于其他的、次好的用途所可能得到的净收，只有用机会成本做决策，才能判断资源是否真正得到了最优使用。
5、企业的价值：是指企业未来预期利润收的现值之和，其计算公式为企业价值＝式中πt是第t年的预期利润，i是资金利息率，t表示第n年（从第1年，即下一年到第n年即最后一年）由于利润等于总销售收入（TR）减去总成本（TC）上述方程又可表示为：企业价值＝式中TRt是企业在第t年的总销售收入，TCt是企业在第t 年的总成本。
6、会计利润：等于销售收入减去会计成本的差额，它反映企业通过经营增加了多少货币收入，会计师计算会计利润的目的是报告企业的盈亏情况，以便投资者作为投资、政府作为征税的根据等。
7、经济利润：等于销售收入减去机会成本的差额，经济利润大于零，说明资源用于本用途的价值要高于其他用途，说明本用途的资源配置较优，经济利润小于零，说明资源用于本用途的价值低于用于其他用途，说明本用途的资源配置不合理，所以经济利润是决策的基础。
8、正常利润：是指业主如果把他在本企业的投资用于其他相同风险的事业所可能得到的收入，这项支出是为把业主的资金留住在本企业所必需的，它属于机会成本性质。
西方经济学微观部分字母缩略含义大全
西方经济学（微观部分）字母缩写含义大全
按字母表顺序排列
AC：平均总成本AFC：平均不变成本AP：平均产量
AR：平均收益
A VC：平均可变成本C：成本
CS:消费者剩余
D：需求
e：弹性
ed：需求的价格弹性es：供给的价格弹性exy:需求的交叉价格弹性E：均衡（或期望）
K：资本
L：劳动力
LAC：长期平均成本LMC：长期边际成本LTC：长期总成本MC：边际成本
MFC：边际要素成本MP:边际产量
MR：边际收益MRP：边际收益产品MRS：商品的边际替代率MRTS:边际技术替代率MU：边际效用
P：价格
PEP：价格扩展线
PS：生产者剩余
Q：数量
r：利率
S：供给
SAC：短期平均成本SMC：短期边际成本STC：短期总成本
TC：总成本
TFC：总不变成本
TP:总产量
TR：总收益
TU：总效用
TVC：总可变成本
U：效用
VMP：边际产品价值W：劳动价格。
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AC(Average Cost)：平均总成本
AFC(Average Fixed Cost)：平均固定成本
AP(Average Product)：平均产量
AR(Average Revenue)：平均收益
AVC(Average Variable Cost)：平均可变成本
C(Cost)：成本
AP(Accounting Profit)：会计利润
EP(Economic Profit)经济利润
TP(Total Production)：总产量
TR(TotalRevenue)：总收益
TU(Total Utility)：总效用
TVC(Total Variable Cost)：总可变成本
U(Utility)：效用
CPE(Cross-price Elastic)：交叉价格弹性
CPED(Cross-price elasticity of demand)：需求交叉价格弹性
Exy( Elastic)：交叉弹性的系数xy
E(Equilibrium)：均衡
K(Capital简称, C被Cost占用)：资本
L(Labour)：劳动力
LAC(Long-run Average Cost)：长期平均成本
LMC(Long-run Marginal Cost)：长期边际成本
LTC(Long-run Total Cost)：长期总成本
MC(Marginal Cost)：边际成本
MFC(Marginal Factor Cost)：边际要素成本
VMP(Value of MarginalProduct)：边际产品价值
W(Wage)：劳动价格(工资)
Game Theory：博弈论
《管理经济学》缩写名词
CM(Competitive Market)：竞争性市场
MC(Monopolistic Competition)：垄断竞争
OC(Oligopoly Competitive)：寡头竞争
MP(MarginalProduct)：边际产量/产品
MR(MarginalRevenue)：边际收益
MRP(Marginal Revenue)：边际收益产品
MRS(MarginalRate of Substitution)：商品边际替代率
MRTS(MarginalRateof
Technical Substitution)：边际技术替代率
MU(Marginal Utility)：边际效用
P(Price)：价格
PEP(PriceExpansionPath)：价格扩展线
CBA(Cost BenefitAnalysis)：成本收益分析
CS(Consumer Surplus)：消费者剩余
D(Demand)：需求
E(elasticity)：弹性
ED(elasticity of Demand)：需求的价格弹性
ES(Elasticity of Supply)：供给的价格弹性
SMC(Short-run Marginal Cost)：短期边际成本
STC(Short Total Cost)：短期总成本
TC(Total Cost)：总成本
FC(Fixed Cost)：固定成本
TFC(Total Fixed Cost)：总固定成本
EC(Explicit Cost)：显性成本
IC(Implicit Cost)：隐性成本
e)：生产扩展线
PS(Producer Surplus)：生产者剩余
FP(Factors of Production)：生产要素
Q(Quantity)：数量
r(rate)：利率
S(Supply)：供给
SAC(Short-runAverageCost)：短期平均成本
DC(Demand Curve)：需求曲线
DM(Diminishing?Marginal)：边际递减
MTR(Marginal Tax Rate)：边际税率
EP(Economic Profit)：经济利润
ES(Economies of Scale)：规模经济
DS(Diseconomies of Scale)：规模不经济