奔驰AMG GLE 63 S Coupe
基于CarSim的整车动力性建模
基于CarSim的整车动力性建模张绅山东省潍坊市潍坊学院 山东省潍坊市 261061摘 要： C arSim软件是一款越来越受到汽车研发人员喜爱的一款汽车仿真软件，利用软件对汽车进行整车建模以及仿真测试，可以通过三维动画或者数据图表分析仿真结果，从而便于汽车研发人员提升汽车的各项性能。
本文是针对汽车动力性进行建模仿真，文章首先对CarSim软件进行了简单介绍以及简单的使用教学，介绍了汽车动力性研究意义、影响因素及评价指标等相关内容，最后介绍了CarSim中车辆的各个部分参数设置问题。
关键词：CarSim；动力性；整车建模；仿真1 CarSim软件介绍1.1 CarSim软件的简介CarSim是一款专门针对中小型汽车的仿真软件，软件在本质上就是先建立一个车辆模型，再根据自己的仿真内容进行参数设置，处理器运算以后通过3D动画或表格数据展示仿真结果。
利用CarSim在计算机上进行模拟仿真速度比实际测试实验速度快许多倍，软件可以用来仿真车辆对驾驶员、地面情况等输入的响应，主要用来帮助提升汽车整车的操纵稳定性、制动性、平顺性、动力性和经济性。
现如今CarSim凭借自身的优势已经逐渐被更多研发人员所应用。
CarSim软件系统可以与许多软件共同进行模拟仿真，例如CarSim和Simulink的协同仿真，从Simulink的各种变量中选择需要的导入到CarSim中进行模拟仿真，变量包括车辆控制输入、轮胎力和力矩、弹簧和阻尼力、转向系统驱动角度、传动系扭矩、制动扭矩和制动压力、空气动力学相关变量等超过160个变量。
CarSim建模和仿真后的数据也可以导出到其他模拟软件作为数据源进行模拟仿真和数据分析。
1.2 CarSim软件的组成CarSim的主界面非常简单，整体可分为三个部分：预处理、处理和后处理。
左侧是设置模型参数和测试条件的预处理，包括车辆参数设置（车身，空气动力学，传动系统，制动系统，转向系统，前后悬架系统和车轮等），仿真环境，测试条件除此之外下拉菜单还有其他更具体的参数可以设置。
奔驰AMG车系(进口) 车型对比
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车窗
前后电动窗
前后电动窗
前电动窗
前后电动窗
前后电动窗
前后电动窗
电动窗锁止功能
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-
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电动窗防夹功能
全车车窗
全车车窗
前排车窗
全车车窗
全车车窗
全车车窗
后窗遮阳帘
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后风窗加热功能
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后雨刷器
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雨刷传感器
雨量传感
雨量传感
雨量传感
雨量传感
雨量传感
雨量传感
内后视镜防眩目功能
自动
自动
自动
275/55 R19
255/50 R19
备胎类型
非全尺寸
全尺寸
非全尺寸
全尺寸
全尺寸
备胎位置
车内
车内
车内
行李箱盖悬吊
车内
零压续行(零胎压继续行驶)
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车身颜色
黑色
白色,暗红色,茶色,亮灰色,银色,海军色,黑色,暗灰色,暗橄榄绿,暗绿色
亚光阿拉尼特雾灰,神秘白,亚光蒙扎雾灰,曜岩黑,勒芒红,伊莫拉灰,铱银,戴托纳蓝,流光银
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车厢后阅读灯
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定速巡航系统
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GPS电子导航
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电子限速
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倒车雷达
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倒车影像
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奔驰amg敞篷操作方法
奔驰amg敞篷操作方法
AMG敞篷的操作方法大体相同，以下为基本操作流程：
1. 在开车前，先确保车辆完全停稳，同时车辆的停车制动也已经拉起。
2. 找到车内座位上方中央的控制面板，其中有一个“加热”和“敞篷”按键。
3. 确认加热和敞篷按键都处于“关闭”状态。
4. 长按住敞篷按键，等待约20秒钟，直到车顶完全展开或收起。
在此期间，你可以听到车门附近升降机构的运转声。
5. 开始行驶前，检查一下敞篷是否完全闭合。
在车速大于15mph时，你可以听到被吸住的空气声。
注意事项：
1. 在车辆驾驶员的座位后方，有一台机器，它能够控制AMG的敞篷展开。
确保正确设置防护装置。
2. 不要在行驶过程中试图打开或关闭车顶，否则会导致危险发生。
3. 如遇到故障，请先停车，并在安全地区停车后再去维修。
梅赛德斯奔驰MB140D修理手册说明书
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ODIS E车型代码对照
ODIS-E车型代码对照ODIS-E工程师车型说明汽车平台代码车型/代码/规格车型名称/车型结构/产地奥迪AU21X AU210/0_8XE A1 E-TRONAU210/0_FZ0 A1PA 3TAU210/1_FZS A1PA 5TAU210/x_8X0 A1 [EOP]AU316/0_8U0 Q3AU316/0_8UD Q3 ChinaAU27X AU270/1_GBS A1NF 5TAU35X AU350/0_8P0 AB2 [EOP]AU355/0_8PC AB2 Cabrio [EOP]AU42x/1_8J0 TT2 Coupe/Roadster NFAU61x/x_420 R8 [EOP]AU37X AU276/0_GA0 Q2AU276/0_GAD Q2 ChinaAU326/0_F30 Q3NFAU371/0_8VB A3 LAAU375/0_8VC A3 CabrioAU37x/x_8V0 A3AU37x/x_8VD 3 ChinaAU434/1_FV0 TT3 CoupeAU435/1_FVR TT3 RoadsterAU48X AU416/0_8R0 Q5AU416/0_8RD Q5 ChinaAU481/0_8KD B8 China [EOP]AU485/0_8F0 B8 CabrioAU48x/x_8K0 B8 Lim/Av/Allroad [EOP]AU48x/x_8T0 B8 Coupe/ Sportback AU49X AU426/0_FY0 Q5NFAU426/0_FYD Q5NF ChinaAU491/0_8W0 B9 Limousine/ PHEVAU491/0_8WD B9 ChinaAU492/0_8WA B9 Avant/ AllroadAU493/0_8WF B9 SportbackAU494/0_8WB B9 CoupeAU495/0_8WC B9 CabrioAU56X AU516/0_4L0 Q7 [EOP]AU561/1_4FD C6 China [EOP]AU56x/x_4F0 C6 Lim/Av/Allroad [EOP]AU57X AU571/0_4GD C7 ChinaAU573/0_4G8 A7 SportbackAU57x/x_4G0 C7 Lim/Av/Allroad AU58X AU516/1_4KE C-BEVAU536/3_4MF Q8AU581/0_4K0 C8 LimousineAU581/0_4KD C8 Limousine ChinaAU582/0_4KA C8 Avant / AllroadAU583/0_4KF C8 SportbackAU584/0_4KB C8 Coupe [EOVM] AU64X AU641/0_4H0 D4AU65X ?U651_MLB65 T?chniktr?g?rAU651/0_4N0 D5 NWBAU651/0_4N4 D5 LWBAU651/0_4N6 D5 SSFAU724 AU624/0_4S0 R8NF CoupeAU625/0_4SR R8NF SpyderAU73X AU536/0_4M0 Q7NF大众VW019 VW114/0_6Z0 XL1VW120 VW120/0_120 (SE120, up!, Mii, CitigoSK120)VW120/0_12E Elektro up!VW120/X_ 12B NSF LAVW21X VW210/3_5Z0 FoxVW218/0_5ZR Suran/SpacefoxVW23X VW23X/x_5U0 Gol / Voyage / Saveiro VW250-CS VW250/0_60D Polo A05 China (SVW) VW2531-CS SK350/3CS K A-Entry Spaceback (SVW China)VW35X/1_604(SK351/1CS)A-Entry China (SVW) VW2532-CN VW351/2_603 Jetta A2 NF China (FAW) VW25X VW250/0_6R0 EU/SA Polo A05 [EOVM]VW250/2_6RS Polo Vivo SAVW251/0_601 Polo RusslandVW25X/0_602 Polo IndienVW25X/0_621 Polo MalaysiaVW25X/0_622 Polo Indien Compact Sedan (ICS)VW26X VW250/0_6C0 Polo GPVW27X VW270_2G0VB Polo 7 (Prototypen)VW270/0_2G0 Polo 7VW276/0_2GA T-RocVW27X-CN VW276/1_2GD T-Roc LWB (FAW)VW27X-LA VW27x_2GBVB Polo-G (Prototypen)VW27X/2_2GB Polo-G (erst aktiv ab VFF) VW311-1 VW310/4_180 Lavida China (SVW)VW311/4 Lavida China (SVW)VW321/4 Lavida China (SVW)VW3112-CN VW311/5_150 New Bora China (FAW)VW320/5 New Bora China (FAW)VW321/5 New Bora China (FAW) VW316-C VW316/0_5ND Tiguan Lang China (SVW) VW32X VW32X/1_5C0 Beetle NFVW35X/0_1KM A5VW362 Jetta_Golf Variant [EOVM]VW361/0_160 Jetta NFVW361/0_16M Jetta Malaysia CKDVW361/0_16R Jetta NF RusslandVW358-C VW358/0_1TD A5 Touran China (SVW)VW36X SE428/0_710 Alhambra NFVW316/0_5N0 TiguanVW350/0_1K0 A5 Golf [EOVM]VW358/0_1T0VW368 A5 Touran [EOVM]VW360/0_5K0 A6 Golf [EOVM]VW360/0_5KE A6 Golf Elektro [EOVM] VW360/2_5M0 A5 Golf Plus [EOVM] VW364/0_130 SCIROCCOVW365/0_5KK A6 Golf Cabrio[EOVM] VW365/2_1Q0 EOS [EOVM]VW428/0_7N0 SharanVW36X-CN VW351/0_1KD A5 Sagitar China (FAW) [EOVM]VW360/0_5KD A6 Golf China (FAW) [EOVM]VW361/0_16D Sagitar NF (FAW)VW37X VW326/0_550 A7 Tiguan / MQB-A2 (SUV)VW326/0_55N A7 Tiguan MEVW326/0_55R A7 Tiguan RusslandVW370/0_5GB A7 Golf BrasilienVW370/0_5GE A7 e-Golf ElektroVW370/2_5GP A7 Golf SportsvanVW371/0_17A A7 Jetta MexikoVW378/0_5T0 A7 Touran / MQB-A2 (MPV)VW37X/0_5G0 A7 GolfVW37X/0_5GM A7 Golf MexicoVW37X-CN VW326/3_55G A SUV China (FAW)VW331/5_15G A7 New Bora China (FAW)VW370/0_5GG A7 Golf China (FAW)VW370/2_5GH A7 Golf Sportsvan China (FAW)VW37X-CS VW313/0_5GD A+ China (SVW)VW326/0_55D A7 Tiguan China (SVW)VW331/4_18D Lavida NF (SVW)VW378/0_5TD A7 Touran China (SVW)VW38X VW38X/0_5H0 A8 GolfVW411 VW411/1_560 New Midsize Sedan (NAR)VW411-CS VW411/1_56D New Midsize Sedan China (SVW)VW416 VW416/0_3CN B-SUV (NAR) VW416-CS VW416/0_3CG Teramont (SVW)VW421/1_3GB New Midsize Sedan China NF (SVW)VW416-VT VW416_3CGVB Teramont (SVW) [EOVM]VW416_3CNVB B-SUV (NAR) [EOVM]VW46X VW463/0_350 B6 Passat CCVW46X/0_3C0 B6 Passat [EOVM]VW47x/0_360 B7 PassatVW46X-CN VW461/0_3CD Magotan China (FAW) [EOVM]VW463/0_35D Magotan CC China (FAW)VW471/0_36D B7 Passat China Lang (FAW) VW48X VW483/0_3H0 CC FastbackVW48x/0_3G0 B8 PassatVW48X-CN VW481/0_3GD B8L Passat China (FAW)VW483/0_3HD CC Fastback China (FAW) VW48X-VT VW483_3H0VB CC Fastback [EOVM]VW51X-CS VW511/0_3ED Phideon China (SVW)VW526 VW526/0_7P0 Colorado / TouaregVW53X VW536_760VB Touareg NFVW536/0_760 Touareg NF(erst aktiv ab VFF)VW611 VW611/0_3D0 D1 Phaeton [EOVM] VW62X VW621/0_3F0 Phaeton NF[EOVM] 斯柯达SK25X SK250/2/7/8 A05 Fabia II + RoomsterSK250 IN A05 / Fabia II FL (Indien) SK250 RU A05 / Fabia II FL (Russland) SK251/0IN K Rapid (Indien)SK25X1 SK351/3EU K(SE351/3EU K)(SK350/3EU K)Rapid, Rapid SBToledoSK351/3RU K A-Entry (Russland)SK25X-CS SK250CS A05 / Fabia ModF (SVW China) SK26X SK260/0EU K A06 / Fabia III (EU),SK262/0EU K (Fabia III Combi)SK26X-CS SK260/0CS K A06 / Fabia III (SVW China)SK316-CS SK316/3_CS A-ENTRY CUV (SVW China)SK35X SK316/0EU K A-SUV / Yeti (EU)SK316/0RU K A-SUV / Yeti (Russland)SK351/2 A5 / Octavia II (EU)SK351 RU A5 / Octavia II (Russland) SK37X SK326/0EU K A-SUV / Yeti II (EU)SK326/1EU A-Plus SUVSK371/0EU K A7 / Octavia III (EU),SK372/0EU K (Octavia III Combi)SK371/0IN K A7 / Octavia III. (Indien)SK371/0RU K A7 / Octavia III. (Russland) SK37X-CS SK326/0CS A-SUV / Yeti NF (SVW China)SK326/1CS A-Plus SUV ChinaSK371/0CS K A7 / Octavia III (SVW China) SK46X SK461/2 B6 / Superb II (EU)SK48X SK481/0EU K B8 /SK482/0EU KSuperb III (EU),(Superb III Combi)SK48X-CS SK481/0CS K B8 / Superb III (SVW China) 上表产地说明：FAW=一汽大众SVW=上汽大众CN用于表示一汽大众生产车型；CS用于表示上汽大众生产车型，含斯柯达。
奔驰梅赛德斯AMG性能配置测试
梅赛德斯-AMG公路化我们曾经看过太多美女们开着G-Class穿梭一各个商城的购物区，让我们太多的关注其产品的文化而忽略它的本性的一面。
即使是小屌丝也断言“土豪：们拿着200万的AMG区越野也是一件让人很肉疼的事情。
但是这不能反应AMG的越野的可靠性欲不可靠。
这次梅赛德斯-AMG将SUV家族开到了西部，从戈壁到沙漠，走它应当走的路，看下它在极限条件下他的越野性能到底是怎么样的，释放其本性。
梅赛德斯车型介绍这次的戈壁试驾体验车型是AMG的SUV系列，包括GLE63、GLE63运动SUV、GLS63和G63(同时包括G500)。
或许，你会怀疑前面三款SUV的越野性能，其实，小编我也曾经怀疑过。
小编我并不怀疑奔驰的四驱系统，我是怀疑AMG的公路化配置。
这相当于把兔子变成蜥蜴并不容易，所以，我们会针对不同的场地选择不同的车型。
结果和结论并不是最重要的，我们在乎的是体验的过程，车辆每一个小小的动态变化都是对你所掌握知识的解答。
在没有试驾之前叫“知识”，试驾过后它就叫“经验”。
玩沙子前先学会脱困这次我们试驾的车型全部都是标配轮胎，但是在戈壁沙漠这种地形随时可能下陷，所以简单的自救方法还是有肯定要的。
首先我们以4MATIC的标准来说，在戈壁陷车的几率很低，四驱的电子辅助相当到位，这几台装配公路胎的SUV都妥妥的走。
但是如果在沙漠上，驾驶技术不高肯定会陷车的，不要轻信那些键盘上的车神喷XX品牌把车开进海滩出不来的话，其实3把锁的G-Class在沙地上照样会陷。
假如你有开过沙地的经验你会知道其实陷车是很平常的事情，没必要上纲上线说那个车品牌不行，车不行后者不是四驱的不行，正真重要是你的技术行不行，这也是决定你陷车几率而已。
先来体验GLE63、GLE63运动SUV和GLS63在公路和戈壁上的表现。
至于公路性能，其实没有必要说了，这三台车一个个都跟兔子一样。
但是这次离开公路，要让兔子变成蜥蜴。
相比沙漠来说，戈壁路况更“随机”，更不可预判，基本上就是干地沼泽，硬地之后可能紧接着就是松软的沙地，甚至突如其来的坑洼，如果预判不够的话，这都会给悬挂带来很大的冲击，对待空气悬挂还是要温柔一点。
伯特莎斯·奔驰AG 911 奔驰（997）2009年模型维护指南说明书
Vehicle Ident. No. ___________________Working instructionfor order no. Intermediate maintenanceat 30,000, 90,000, 150,000, 210,000 km etc./18,000, 54,000, 90,000, 126,000 miles etc.(Labour operation 03 14 00 ..)For a description of the various models, see Technical ManualContinued overleafCopyright byDr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AGAfter Sales EngineeringPrinted in Germany - 06/08Particle filter: replace filter elementMinor maintenance (China)Note: If the mileage for a regular service is not reached, intermediate maintenance must be carried out after 2, 6, 10...... years.911 Turbo (997)as of 2009 modelThe term 'checking' includes all necessary subsequent work, such as adjusting, readjusting, correcting and topping up, but doesnot include repairing, replacing and reconditioning parts or assemblies.Replace spark plugs: see Additional maintenanceTyres: check condition and tyre pressureVehicle lighting: check operation All headlights: check adjustmentHorn: check operation9Windscreen wiper/washer system, headlight cleaning system: check fluid level and nozzle settings,check antifreeze in winter months; check wiper bladesChange engine oil and oil filter (please observe oil change service plan for the 911 Turbo)Drive shafts: visual inspection of the boots for leaks and damageMix fuel in the tank with additive (Keropur from Porsche; Part No. 000 043 206 89) and check and if necessary affix additional Chinese sticker relating to fuel quality on the tank capBattery: check functional state and fluid levelCheck the door locks, lid locks and safety hooks of the front lid to ensure that they are secure and functioning properly Diagnostic system: read out fault memory; reset maintenance intervalElectrical equipment, warning and indicator lights: check operationBrake system: visual inspection of brake pads and brake discs for wear (without removing and fitting wheels)Vehicle underbody and engine compartment: visual inspection for leaks (oils and fluids) and chafing damage (lines and hoses)Underbody panels: visual inspection for completeness, secure installation and damageCoolant hoses: check conditionRadiators and air inlets: visual inspection for external contamination and blockageCoolant: check level and antifreezeBrake hoses and lines: visual inspection for leaks, damage, routing and corrosionVehicle Ident. No. _______________________Working instruction for order no. Additional maintenance for spark plugs(Labour operation 03 81 00 ..)9 Additional maintenance for drive belt (Labour operation 03 60 00 ..)(Labour operation 03 70 00 ..)Additional maintenance every 90,000 km/54,000 miles or every 6 years (Labour operation 03 83 00 ..)Additional maintenance every 180,000 km/108,000 miles or every 12 years (Labour operation 03 88 00 ..) Every 2 years Every 4 years After 4 years, then every 2 years After 4, 8, 10 years, then every 2 yearsSignature (fitter): _______________________________Test drive:Oils, fluids: visual inspection for leaksSignature (final check): _________________________Copyright byDr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AGAfter Sales EngineeringPrinted in Germany - 06/08Porsche Centre as of 2009 modelAncillary unit mounts and suspension: visual inspection of all rubber mountings and boots for damageChange brake fluidCheck tyre pressure monitoring system batteryAutomatic transmission: change oil in final driveFile condition report for long-life guaranteeCheck drive beltCheck drive belt Check drive beltIntermediate maintenance (China)every 30,000 km/18,000 miles or every 2 years every 20,000 km/12,000 miles or every 4 years 911 Turbo Remote control, front seats, footbrake and handbrake (also actuation travel), engine, clutch, steering, transmission, ParkAssist, cruise control, PSM switch, PASM switch, Sport switch, heating, air conditioning and instruments: check operation Automatic transmission: change ATF and ATF filterReplace tyre sealantAll-wheel final drive: change oilManual transmission: change oilReplace drive beltevery 60,000 km/36,000 miles or every 4 years every 150,000 km/90,000 miles or every 10 years every 240,000 km/144,000 miles or every 16 years Additional maintenance for convertible topService and maintain convertible top Replace fuel filter (911 Turbo only)Controlled all-wheel drive (911 Turbo): change oil911 Turbo (997)。
牵引力控制和辅助系统
液压制动辅助系统 .......................................................................................... 48 液压制动助力器 .............................................................................................. 54 制动过增压 ..................................................................................................... 55 后桥充分减速功能 .......................................................................................... 56 车辆/拖车稳定 ................................................................................................ 58 防侧倾 ............................................................................................................ 60
E-ABS EBC
TCS
仅制动干预的制动系统
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奔驰AMG GLE 63 S Coupe
作者：David Vivian
来源：《汽车与运动》2015年第11期
任何人想到轿跑车与SUV的结合都打了想去偷看一眼BMW的小算盘。
到目前为止X6车型已经销售出了30万辆，不可否认的是，喜欢这种夸张风格的BMW粉丝大有人在，特别是它的第二代车型（详见2015年9月刊），奔驰GLE Coupe也已经到来，我们在奥地利的试驾了它的顶级版本AMG 63 S，这预示着如果你想来一辆具有溜背车顶的四驱怪兽，已经有了一个新的选择。
奔驰抓住了时机，在更新的同时重新命名了ML级SUV，在BMW的派对上它不请自来也算是一个精明的举动。
这个致命的德国竞争对手，为什么是GLE？如果我不提醒你19世纪80年代主流的豪华轿车都配备了丝绒衬垫，你可能不会像我一样老。
我推论奔驰的“G”代表了它所有SUV车型的根源，并不只是现在的G级，因此也与Gel？ndewagen（越野车）建立了一个连接。
“E”的意思是代表它的车身尺寸与E级别轿车大致相同。
“L”？这是任何人都在猜测的。
但仍然没有理由给一辆车起MercedesAMG GLE 63 S 4Matic Coupe这么长的名字。
好消息是它的0～100km/h的加速时间和打一声雷的时间差不多，这似乎和它使用了有些老派的5.5L V8双涡轮增压发动机有关，这台发动机在“S”模式下可以释放出430kW功率和760Nm扭矩。
在4Matic四驱系统和选装的22英寸大轮圈的帮助下，这辆GLE绝对不会在它巨大的整备质量问题上多说什么。
这个大排量V8双涡轮的动力感受和X6 M以及保时捷Cayenne Turbo S一样，这种惊人的表现对于奔驰来说是“不费力气的”，是个不充分的描述，这辆车的性能，每天的任务就是快速的移动和不断超车。
它的动力似乎有用不完的储备，这也让你对它激进的动力表现充满了好奇心。
尽管这样，当你将油门一脚到底的时候，你很难想象，它是用多么野蛮的方式冲出地平线的。
当这台V8发动机打开它的肺以后，之前低沉的排气声浪变得高亢响亮，发出类似于赛车的嘶吼。
如果你将发动机和变速器都调节为运动模式，完成一次弹射起步的话，这种感觉一定会让你上瘾。
悬架的设定考虑到了GLE较大的体积和较高的车身姿态。
奔驰尽其所能的让这辆大车在保证加速能力的同时依旧让它有体面的舒适性和精致感。
当车速加快时弹簧会自动降低底盘高度，减振器也同样会进行相应的调节，同时其配备的自适应防倾杆可以抑制车身的扭动。
后轮胎宽度非常夸张，达到325/35，让这辆63 S有了非常高的极限。
在阿尔卑斯山狭窄的山路上，它的前端总是会先出现转向不足的情况，而且非常突然。
在长弯中你感觉它总有用不完的抓地力。
这辆奔驰和X6 M以及Cayenne Turbo S相比感觉并不是那么的精准，但是它对这大质量的车身管理非常好，而且在你心情好的时候也会感觉它非常有意思。