高英修辞总结
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
(完整word版)高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.（2）metaphor 暗喻①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A④the last this intermezzo came to an end…⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑪When railroads began drying up the demand...⑫...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑬Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑭Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑮The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑯Her voice was a whiplash.⑰and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑱But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.⑲I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑳I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（5）personification 拟人①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…③...to literature's enduring gratitude...④The grave world smiles as usual...⑤Bitterness fed on the man...⑥America laughed with him.⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（7）hyperbole 夸张①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. ⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.⑦America laughed with him.⑧The trial that rocked the world⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " （9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate g uerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.②There is some doubt about that.③a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that adoor is a door and any damn fool knows that（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.（13）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
高级英语第三版修辞总结(一)
高级英语第三版修辞总结(一)高级英语第三版修辞总结前言•介绍高级英语第三版修辞的重要性和目的。
正文修辞的定义和作用•解释修辞的含义和作用。
•强调修辞在英语写作和修辞分析中的重要性。
修辞基础知识•简要介绍修辞的基础知识，如比喻、隐喻、夸张等。
•强调理解这些基础知识对于掌握高级修辞技巧的重要性。
高级修辞技巧•详细介绍高级修辞技巧，如倒装、排比、反复运用某个词汇等。
•提供实例和练习，帮助读者理解和应用这些技巧。
修辞分析与应用•强调修辞分析对于阅读他人作品和提升写作能力的重要性。
•提供示范分析，并指导如何运用修辞技巧来增强自己的作品。
练习与实践•提供大量的练习题和实践活动，巩固所学的修辞技巧和分析能力。
•鼓励读者通过实践来提升自己的写作水平。
结尾•总结修辞的重要性和高级修辞技巧的学习内容。
•鼓励读者继续深入学习修辞，并在写作中灵活运用所学的技巧。
以上是关于高级英语第三版修辞的总结文稿，希望对读者有所帮助，提升他们的英语写作能力。
高级英语第三版修辞总结（续）前言修辞是英语写作中不可或缺的一部分，它能够增强语言的表达效果，丰富文章的内涵，传达作者的意图。
高级英语第三版修辞是一本权威的修辞学教材，本文将对其进行总结和归纳，为读者提供一份简明扼要的指南。
正文修辞的定义和作用•修辞是指运用各种语言手段来美化、提升和加强文学作品的艺术方法。
它通过巧妙地运用词汇、句法和修辞手法，使作品更加生动、丰富并引发读者的共鸣。
•在英语写作中，修辞不仅是丰富文章的语言表达手法，更是传达作者观点和情感的重要工具。
修辞基础知识•了解和掌握修辞的基础知识对于理解高级修辞技巧至关重要。
比喻、隐喻、夸张等是常见的修辞手法，它们能够通过对语言的转化和形象化，突出特定的意义和感受。
•深入了解这些基础知识，有助于读者使用和理解更高级的修辞手法，提升自己的写作水平。
高级修辞技巧•高级修辞技巧是指运用复杂和精密的语言手段来增强修辞效果。
例如倒装、排比、反复运用某个词汇等，它们能够在文章中产生独特的语言效果和节奏感。
高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中常见的修辞手法包括：
1. 隐喻（Metaphor）：隐喻是一种不直接说明事物，而是通过比较或比喻来暗示某一事物的修辞手法。
例如，“爱情是一座城堡，每个人都在寻找自己的归属”（隐喻，将爱情比喻为城堡）。
2. 反讽（Irony）：反讽是一种表面说一套，实际上表达的却是与字面意思
相反的修辞手法。
例如，“我很喜欢去健身房锻炼，只是我的床喜欢把我困住”（反讽，表达的是作者不想去健身房）。
3. 排比（Parallelism）：排比是一种通过使用结构相似的句式来表达相近
或相同意思的修辞手法。
例如，“他跳得高，跑得快，游得远”（排比，强调他各方面都很优秀）。
4. 拟人（Personification）：拟人是一种将非人类事物赋予人类特性的修辞手法。
例如，“月亮害羞地躲进了云层里”（拟人，将月亮人格化）。
5. 夸张（Hyperbole）：夸张是一种通过夸大或缩小事物来表达强烈情感的修辞手法。
例如，“他高兴得像中了彩票一样”（夸张，强调他非常高兴）。
以上是高级英语中常见的修辞手法及例句，希望对你有所帮助。
高级英语2第十课修辞总结
高级英语2第十课修辞总结摘要：一、引言二、高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述1.比喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问三、修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用1.比喻1.明喻2.隐喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问四、修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用五、结论正文：【引言】高级英语2 第十课主要介绍了修辞学中的几种重要手法，包括比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。
这些修辞手法在英语写作中有着广泛的应用，能够有效地提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。
【高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述】修辞学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究如何运用各种语言手段来增强语言表达的效果。
在第十课中，我们主要学习了以下四种修辞手法：1.比喻：通过将两种本质上不同的事物进行类比，以形象生动的方式表达抽象的概念。
比喻可以分为明喻和隐喻两种。
2.拟人：将无生命的事物赋予生命和人的特征，使其具有感情、动作等。
3.夸张：对某一事物的特点进行夸大描述，以突出表现其特性。
4.反问：提出一个问题，但实际上并不需要对方回答，其目的是为了加强语气，表达说话者的观点。
【修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。
以下是一些实例：1.比喻：例如，“时间是金钱”，通过将时间和金钱进行类比，形象地表达了时间的宝贵。
2.拟人：例如，“月亮羞涩地躲在云朵后面”，将月亮赋予了人的情感和动作。
3.夸张：例如，“他饿得能吃下一头牛”，夸张地描述了他的饥饿程度。
4.反问：例如，“这难道不是一件很明显的事情吗？”通过反问加强语气，表达说话者的观点。
【修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用】修辞手法的运用可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强读者的阅读兴趣。
同时，修辞手法还能够有效地传达作者的情感和观点，使文章更具说服力。
因此，学习和掌握修辞手法对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。
【结论】总之，高级英语2 第十课为我们介绍了四种重要的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。
在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。
以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。
例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。
二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。
例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。
三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。
对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。
例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。
四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。
交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。
例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。
五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。
例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。
六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。
例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。
七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。
例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。
八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。
例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。
九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。
高级英语 修辞手法总汇 复习
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②Most American remember M. T. as the father of...（2）metaphor 暗喻①the last this intermezzo came to an end…②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America③saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...④main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑤All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑥When railroads began drying up the demand...⑦...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑧Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑨Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑩The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑪and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑫I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑬I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.⑭The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.⑮I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.⑯We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head（5）personification 拟人①...to literature's enduring gratitude...②The grave world smiles as usual...③Bitterness fed on the man...④America laughed with him.⑤Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.（7）hyperbole 夸张①If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.②...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...③The cast of characters... - a cosmos.④America laughed with him.⑤The trial that rocked the world⑥His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "（9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to expresssomething different from and often opposite to theirliteral meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan②… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remarkintended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①There is some doubt about that.（12）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.二、结构修辞格（13）antithesis 对比①Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…②"The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below③...between what people claim to be and what they really are.④...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...⑤...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever（14）rhetorical question 修辞疑问句①Was I not at the scene of the crime?②Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?③In what conceivable way does our car concern you?三、音韵修辞格（15）头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
高英十大修辞手法总结
Onomatopoeia （拟声）Alliteration(头韵) Simile（明喻）Metaphor（隐喻）Metonymy（转喻）Irony(反语) Repetition重复Parallelism平行结构: Personification(拟人)Analogy类比1.Onomatopoeia （拟声）: to produce sound effectIn describing the sounds heard at the bazaar, the author supplies readers with a batch of verbs and nouns.tinkle bang clash creak squeak rumble grunt groan2.Alliteration(头韵):Clean & Clear；hip hopdull, drilled, docile... （L5）for his hearth and home （L5）3.Simile（明喻）: a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common.Tenor主体: the subject of the comparisonVehicle喻体: the image of which this idea is conveyedThe vehicle is almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as".1/The bus(tenor主体) went as slowly similarity as a snail(vehicle喻体).2/The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.3/ Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.4/ I am as busy as a bee.4.Metaphor（隐喻）: a comparison between two unlike things, but the comparison is implied rather than stated.Contrary to a simile in which the resemblance between two unlike things is1/Snow clothes the ground.Snow (A---tenor主体) is clothe (B---vehicle喻体).2/Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, were moving jewels.Boy (A---tenor) is jewel (B---vehicle) .3/ The ship ploughed the sea.Ship (A --- tenor) is plough (B ---vehicle)More examples:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away. (L4) stare down any disaster in her efforts... (L4cataract of horrors (L5)rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke(L5)5.Analogy(类比) is a form of comparison which draws a parallel between two unlike things that have some common qualities or points of resemblance. It ischiefly used for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation of an idea or working concept. It is especially helpful in explaining abstract ideas.1/ Just as men are killing such large number of elephants for their tusks that they will soon extinguish, we are using and destroying resources in such a big amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness. (L3)6.Metonymy（转喻）is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. In other words, it involves a “change of name,”the substituted name suggesting the thing meant.Metonymy can be derived from various sources—from names of persons, from animals, professions, locations, place names, etc.Names of personsHave you ever read Mark Twain?John Bull—Britain, or the British peopleUncle Sam—U.S.A.Ivan—the Russian peopleAnimalsThe British Lion—The Polar Bear—ProfessionsThe press—newspapers; journalistsThe bar—the legal professionLocations of government, headquarters, etc.Capitol Hill—legislative branch of US GovernmentThe Pentagon—US military establishmentKremlin—Russian GovernmentWall Street—Hollywood—OthersThe pen—the crown—7.Repetition重复:A/ Repetition of the same word or structure:1/We have but one aim and one single purpose2/ Nothing will turn us---nothing3/ We will never parley, we will never negotiate...4/ This is our policy and this is our declarationB/ Repetition of the same meaning with different words:1/as we shall faithfully and steadfastly2/ We have but one aim, one single irrevocable purpose.8.Parallelism平行结构:1/ The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies.2/ the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector3/I see,...I see...I see…4/ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air 9..Personification(拟人) is a figure of speech that gives human form or feelings to animals or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects or to ideas and abstractions.A/ use pronounsThe ship (she) the dog (he)B/ other waysNature, land—mother nature; motherland1/ Youth is hot and bold. Age is weak and cold.Youth is wild and age is tame. (by Shakespeare)10.Irony(反语) is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual senses.Eg.1/Fatty for a thin boy/girl; skinny for someone very fat2/ “I love queuing up.” ( I actually hate it.)。
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一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。
His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“C an I have these old quilts?”② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake.④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（1）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。
A是B或B就是A。
All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。
① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,…② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）.⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）.（2）metonymy 借代，转喻用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。
The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq.He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。
He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。
① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐）（3）synecdoche 提喻以部分指代整体1. We are lack of hands. （hands 指代人手，劳动力）2. The case had erupted round my head. （head指代整个人）3. Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of(代替)old-fashioned oak and hinges ...4. But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（purse指代金钱）（4）personification 拟人把物比喻成人。
在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。
① The young moon lies on her back…② Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit（阳光照射的）courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully（轻蔑的）chewing their hay（干草）…③ ...to literature's enduring gratitude...（文学的持续感激）④ The grave world smiles as usual...⑤ Bitterness fed on the man...（痛苦为人类提供食物）（5）transferred epithet 移就修饰转移把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。
(转移描述词; 移就修辞格）① Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder② The obese（极为肥胖的）body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③ I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（6）hyperbole 夸张这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。
用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气① The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.② It is a vast, sombre（忧郁的，严峻的）cavern（洞穴）of a room so thick with dust of centuries.③ If Hitler invaded Hell and I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④ I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.⑤ ...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥ The trial that rocked the world⑦ His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（7）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Parting is such sweet sorrow. ( 别离是这样甜蜜的凄清)a thunderous silence 无声胜有声a mournful optimist 悲伤的乐观Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "（8）euphemism 委婉语作为一种修辞格，Euphemism (委婉)指的是以较文雅、悦耳或温婉的说法来代替粗野、刺耳或直露的说法。
它能借助语音、语法、词汇及其他修辞手段，得体地表达生活中那些使人尴尬、惹人不快、招人厌恶或令人恐惧的事物。
其主要修辞作用是在语言表达上减少刺激性和敏感性，从而起到一种缓冲或美化作用。
英语委婉语数量众多，其运用范围涉及到社会生活诸领域，大致可概括为以下四个方面有关疾病、残疾、衰老、死亡的委婉语① …a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.② ...men's final release from earthly struggle（9）Irony反语the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法Thanks to his brilliant leadership, our company is now bankrupt.You are really good. You ruined everything.① Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan② … until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century （10）sarcasm 讽刺a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义。