英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解第47期
四级阅读理解练习及答案解析
四级阅读理解练习及答案解析四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第62篇African elephants have been slaughtered at alarming rate over the past decade, largely because they are the primary source of the world's ivory. Their population has been dwindled from 1.3 million in 1979 to just 625,000 today, and the ratAfrican elephants have been slaughtered at alarming rate over the past decade, largely because they are the primary source of the world's ivory. Their population has been dwindled from 1.3 million in 1979 to just 625,000 today, and the rate of killing has been accelerating in recent years because many of the older, bigger tusked animals have already been destroyed. "The poachers now must kill times as many elephants to get the same quantity of ivory," explained Curtis Bohlen, Senior vice president of the World Wildlife Fund.Though its record on the environment has been spotty so far,the government last week took the lead in a major conservation issue by imposing a ban on ivory imports into the US.The move came just four days after a consortium of conservation groups, including the World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation International, called for that kind of action, and it made the US the first nation to forbid imports of both raw and finished ivory.The ban,says Bohlen,sends a very clear message to the ivory poachers that the game is over.In the past African nations have resisted an ivory ban, but increasingly they realised that the decimation of the elephant herds poses a serious threat to their tourist business. Last month Tanzania and several other Africancountries called for an amendment to the 102 nationConvention on International Trade in Endangered Species that would make the ivory trade illegal worldwide. The amendment is expected to be approved at an October meeting in Geneva and to go into effect next January. But between now and then, conversationists contend, poachers may go on a rampage, killing elephants wholesale, so nations should unilaterally forbid imports rightaway. The US government brought that argument, and by week's end the twelve nation European Communityhad followed with its own ban.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) African Elephants and the Ivory Trade.B) A Bid to Save the Elephant.C) The Poachers.D) Elephants In Danger.2.According to the passage, "dwindle" means ____.A) decrease B) enlargeC) weaken D) elimilate3.Since many of the older, bigger- tusked animals have already been destroyed, what did the poacher do?A) They gave up poaching.B) They killed more elephants to get the same quantity of ivory.C) To them, game is over.D) They realized it was illegal to slaughter elephants.4.Why did the African nations welcome an ivory ban?A) The rate of killing has been accelerating.B) The US government forbids imports of both raw and finished ivory.C) They realised that the killing of elephants is a seriousthreat to their tourist business.D) African people advocated an ivory ban.5.What's the author's attitude?A) Subjective. B) Neutral.C) Possimistic. D) Active.More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to complete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely though the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of workers income. Wages, it is true, had risen and there was full-time and overtime employment.Taken together these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.Qualified workers produced in foreign countries. Also thequantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.1.According to the passage,which of the following is right?A) The French workers were better paid than the workers in any other European country.B) The French workers were able to save more money with the increase in his wages.C) The French workers were anxious to work abroad.D) The French workers were often unable to find work in France.2.Which was not true in France?A) Food cost were low.B) Wages had increased.C) The state paid family allowances.D) There was overtime employment.3.According to the passage,which of the following is charles Deschanel’s opinion?A) He paid more attention to quality than to quantity.B) The p assage doesn’t mention it.C) His opinion is totally different from others.D) He was not right.4.According to the passage, French production ______ .A) was inadequate to meet the needs of the French peopleB) was flooding the international market with inferior productsC) emphasized industrial production at the expense of agricultural productionD) was enough for the local market5.Which of the following is right?A) The French government prohibited French to work abroad.B) The French government reduced taxes to fight inflation.C) The French government paid family allowances and benefits.D) The French government prohibited the French worker to join labor unions.Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age,for the same age,for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in pubic education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted tomean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children——the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity ,whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-desabled or not -to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.1.In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ______.A) the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB) exception children are more influenced by their families than normal children areC) exceptional children are the key interest of the family and societyD) the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children2.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ______ .A) they are expected to be leaders of the societyB) they might become a burden of the societyC) they should fully develop their potentialsD) disabled children deserve special consideration3.This passage mainly deals with ______ .A) the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB) the definition of exceptional children in modern societyC) the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD) the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children4.From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptiona l children ______ .A) is now enjoying legal supportB) disagrees with the tradition of the countryC) was clearly stated by the country's foundersD) will exert great influence over court decisions5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physical problems.B) The author use “All men are created equal” to counter the school program for the exceptional children .In one very long sentence,the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose governments joined together to form the U.N."We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to man kind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be mentioned, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, andto employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims".The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference of International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R., the U. K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that U. N. officially came into existence.The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations' Day.The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations in attaining these commonends.No country takes precedence over another in the U. N.. Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U. N. has no right to intervenein any state's internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act accordingto its principles of international peace and security. U. N. member must offer very assistance in an approved U. N. action and in no way assist states against which the U. N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.1.The first stated aim of the U. N. was ______ .A) to supervise peace and treatiesB) to revise international lawsC) to prevent a third world warD) to assist the “third world” countries2.Under its charter, the U.N. guarantees ______ .A) never to use armsB) to employ international machinesC) to better standards of lifeD) to promote economic and social advancement3.The U. N. came into existence fully in ______ .A) 1942 B) 1944C) 1940 D) 19454.The essential functions of the U. N. ______ .A) are limited to discussions and debates B) include co-ordinating actions where necessaryC) are only concerned with human rights D) are economic and cultureIt is all very well to blame traffic congestion, the cost of petrol and the hectic pace modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another kettle of fish altogether. You might tolerate the odd road hog, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps thesituation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most levelheaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it.Contrary to general opinion, young drivers (especially sports-car owners, who take pride in their driving) have better manners than their seniors. But this attitude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any quarter. This may be a commendable trait on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads.Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signal cars to overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. Their drivers couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear. Others, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning.” Slanting matches and even punch-ups are quite common. It can't be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then call our dual carriageways duel carriageways, and solve aspelling problem in the process.Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver maybe, he can't be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.1.What does the author mean by “another kettle of fish altogether” (Para.1, sentence 3)?A) completely another awkward and difficult situation B) another net of fish put togetherC) completely another kind of situation D) completely another kind of driver2.The phrase “get completely out of hand” (Para. 1, last sentence) stands for ____.A) get without giving it much thought completely B) get out of order completelyC) get out of control completely D) get ready completely3.Road courtesy is good sense because ____.A) it minimizes frictionB) most drivers never make acknowledgementsC) it cuts down the number of driversD) most drivers will hit you if offended4.A common example of bad manners on the roads is ____A) not signaling when overtakingB) that they couldn't be bothered to select a lower gearC) preventing other vehicles from overtakingD) making holes in the roads on purpose5.According to the author, discourtesy on the roads is caused primarily by ____.D) too many pedestrians walking about四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第55篇When I was growing up, the whole world was Jewish. Theheroes were Jewish and the villains were Jewish. The landlord, the doctor, the grocer, your best friend, the village idiot, and the neighborhood bully: all Jewish. We were working class and immigrants as well, but that just come with the territory. Essentially we were Jews on the streets of New York. We learned to be kind, cruel, and smart and feeling in a mixture of language and gesture that was part street slang, part grade-school English, part kitchen Yiddish.One Sunday evening when I was eight years old my parents and I were riding in the back seat of my rich uncle's car. We had been out for a ride and now we were back in the Bronx, headed for home. Suddenly, another car sideswiped us. My mother and aunt shrieked. My uncle swore softly. My father, in whose lap I was sitting, said out the window at the speeding car, “That's all right. Nothing but a few Jews in here.” In an instant I knew everything.I knew there was a world beyond our streets, and in that world my father was a humiliated man, without power or standing.When I was sixteen a girl in the next building had her nose straightened; we all went together to see Selma Shapiro lying in state, wrapped in bandages from which would emerge a person fit for life beyond the block. Three buildings away a boy went downtown for a job, and on his application he wrote “Anold Brown” instead of “Anold Braunowiitz.” The news swept throu gh the neighborhood like a wild fire. A name change? What was happening here? It was awful; it was wonderful. It was frightening; it was delicious. Whatever it was, it wasn't standstill.Thing felt lively and active. Self-confidence was on the rise, passivity on the wane. We were going to experience challenges. That's what itmeant to be in the new world. For the first time we could imagine ourselves out there.But whom exactly do I mean when I say we? I mean Arinie, not Selma. I mean my brother, not me. I mean the boys, not the girls. My mother stood behind me, pu shing me forward. “The girls goes to college, too,” she said. And I did. But my going to college would not mean the same thing as my brother's going to college, and we all knew it. For my brother, college meant going from the Bronx to Manhattan. But for me? From the time I was fourteen I yearned to get out of the Bronx, but get out into what?I did not actually imagine myself a working person alone in Manhattan and nobody else did either. What I did imagine was that I would marry, and that the man I married would get me downtown. He would break the perils of class and race, and some how I'd be there alongside him.1.In the passage, we can find the author was____.A) quite satisfied with her life B) a poor Jewish girlC) born in a middle-class family D) a resident in a rich area in New York2.Why did the author's father say “Nothing but a few Jews in here”?A) He was asking for help. B) He was complaining.C) He was reassuring. D) He wanted to know why their car was sideswiped.3.Selma Shapiro had her nose straightened because she wanted ____.A) to look her bestB) to find a new job in the neighborhoodC) to live a new life in other placesD) to marry very soon4.Anold Brown changed his name because ____.A) there was racial discrimination in employmentB) Brown was just the same as BraunowiitzC) it was easy to writeD) Brown sounds betterC) all the immigrants were very poorD) the young Jews didn't accept the stern reality四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第54篇In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “prot ection.” But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism — indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire(放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies sat isfaction.”It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colorsimplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.1.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing ____.A) the definition of the new protectionismB) the difference between new and old protectionismC) the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western worldD) the significance of the welfare state2.What do es the phrase “stood for(Para.2)” mean?A) represented. B) held out.C) tolerated. D) disapproved.3.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfarestate mentioned in this passage?A) Free education is available to a child. B) Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.C) A jobless person can be insured. D) There are regulations for rent.4.Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage?A) The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states.B) In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise.C) The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.D) Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain.B) Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?C) Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?D) Why does the government intervene in economic life?四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第53篇The key element to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades, what classes you took, your extracurricular activities, or any of the other basic necessities. Those skills are what got you the interview. The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude. If you want to rise above others with better experience, better grades, or better anything, you will need to work on developinga highly positive work attitude.Your attitude determines whether you will “make the cut” or be discarded. Remember, there are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job-- especially at the entry level. The way most employers differentiate at the entry level is by candidates' attitudes toward the job. Your attitude is often what recruiters will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty, or even one hundred candidates--the one who was sincerely willing to put forth his very best effort. If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for the company, of being focused on the company's needs, of putting yourselfforth as the person who will be committed and dedicated to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen.Why is attitude so important? Because most companies already have their full share of multi-talented superstars who care about no one but themselves. Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the overrated superst ar, but to the person who has the “can do” attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for excellence. Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flashy superstar who is running at 50% efficiency any day of the week. And so will 99% of all hiring managers.So don't worry if you are not “superstar” qualit y. If you can show me, in your words and actions, that you are ready to put forth your very best effort toward achieving excellence, you will be chosen over the superstar.You can show your winning attitude in the way you present yourself. Incorporat e the actual words “positive attitude,”“excellence,” and “striving to be my best” into your interview language. Then show by y our stories and examples how these words positively affect your life. Show me when and where and how you have put forth extra effort above and beyond the call of duty. Show me how you beat a deadline, how you excelled in a project, or how you made a difference by going the extra mile. If you can show me, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, while all of the superstars will receive polite rejection letters to add to their growing collections.1. What is the key element to successful interviewing according to this passage?A) Courses taken before. B) A varied experience.C) A positive work attitude. D) Interviewees' capability.2. Which of the following statement is correct in the author's opinion?A) There are inadequate competitors with the ability to do almost any given job especially at the entry level.B) Most interviewers generally depend on the candidates' attitudes toward the job to choose the employees.C) Most employers tell the difference between candidates by their entry level.D) Better experience and better grades become the most important elements to be chosen.3. Who is the most valuable member of his team to a manager?A) The multi-talented superstar.B) The person who tries his best for excellence.C) The person who counts on himself and does not cooperate with others.。
20186月英语四级真题和答案解析汇总[文都回忆版]
![20186月英语四级真题和答案解析汇总[文都回忆版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/48ae69713b3567ec112d8a17.png)
今年翻译考的是我们所熟悉的话题现代生活人们的出行方式——公交/地铁/飞机公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。
许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直努力改善公交车的服务质量。
车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。
然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。
现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
Buses used to be one of the main vehicles for Chinese people. Recently, due to the increasing number of private cars, the traffic problems in cities become more serious. In order to encourage the public to take buses instead of private cars, many cities manage to improve their buses’quality of service.The facilities of buses have been upgraded, and the speed increased significantly. Meanwhile, the prices of buses remain rather low. Now, in most cities, many local senior citizens can take buses for free.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。
他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。
航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。
近年来，节假日期间选择飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。
英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 20202016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mentalflexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughoutall of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.47.【题干】What is the common view of mental function?【选项】varies from person to person.gradually expands with age.weakens in one's later years.indicates one's health condition.【答案】B【解析】Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain functionactually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.48.【题干】What does the new study find about mental functions?【选项】diseases inevitably lead to their decline.reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.are closely related to physical' and mental exercise.of them begin to decline when people are still young.【答案】D【解析】but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.49.【题干】What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases?【选项】tend to decline in people's later years.flexibility determines one's abilities.function quite well even in old age.functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.【答案】C【解析】Most people's minds function at a high level evenin their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.50.【题干】Although people's minds may function lessflexibly as they age, they_____.【选项】be better at solving puzzlesmemorize things with more easehave greater facility in abstract reasoningput what they have learnt into more effective use【答案】D【解析】"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but thatthe amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness ofintegrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughoutall of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.51.【题干】According to Salthouse, their study may helpus_____.【选项】ways to slow down our mental declineways to boost our memoriesthe complex process of mental functioningthe relation between physical and mental health【答案】A【解析】Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The most important thing in the news last week was therising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea isto prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms,and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-Kprogram reports that pre-K works, but the gains are notsustained through the third grade. It seems to me thishighlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with allthe other issues, related to educating a child.Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with therest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.52.【题干】What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?【选项】should cater to the needs of individual children.is essential to a person's future academic success.and policymakers have different opinions about it.regard it as the first phase of children's development.【答案】C【解析】第一段：But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.53.【题干】What does the new Peabody study find?【选项】achievements usually do not last long.third grade marks a new phase of learning.third grade is critical to children's development.has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.【答案】A【解析】A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade.54.【题干】When does the author think pre-K works the best?it is accessible to kids of all families.it is made part of kids' education.it is no longer considered a luxury.it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.【答案】B【解析】It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.56.【题干】What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?【选项】knows the real goal of education.is a mayor of insight and vision.has once run a pre-K program.is a firm supporter of pre-K.【答案】D【解析】She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming.56【题干】What does the author think is critical to kids' education?【选项】method.' interest.intervention.' involvement.【答案】C【解析】The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding intofull practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.。
四级阅读理解练习与参考答案
四级阅读理解练习与参考答案四级阅读理解练习与参考答案：Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.andD..You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.They say that sticks and stones may break your bones，but words will never hurt you.Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health.Gone are the days when bullying was considered an inevitable and ultimately harmless part of growing up—iust last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age.Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham，North Carolina，and his colleagues have shown that it can have lingering physiological effects too.They tracked 1420 9-year-olds right through their teens.Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and quizzed about bullying.The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein in theirblood.CRP is a marker of inflammation(炎症)linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (心血管疾病)and problems like diabetes.“Because we were collecting biological samples throughout，we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement.”says Copeland.“This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.”Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence，levels were highest in children who reported being tormented by bullies.Even at the ages of 1 9 and 2 1，children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither perpetrators nor victims.In a cruel twist，the bullies had the lowest levels of all.suggesting they didnt suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior,though Copeland stresses it doesnt vindicate(辩护)their actions.“The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone elses expense，”he says.Andrea Danese at Kings College London has previously shown that maltreatment during childhood can lead to higll levels of inflammation in adult life.“This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor,”he says.He suggests that care workers could monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to soothe the stress of being bullied.56.What do you know about CRP?A.It is a symbol of the inflammation.B.It is a symbol of cardiovascular.C. It relates directly to diabetes.D.It is a symbol of physiological effects caused by bullying.57.What does Copeland mean by saying“prior to their bullying involvement”(Line 2，Para.4)?A.Before the children bullied others.B.Before the children were bullied.C.In preference to the childrens bullying behavior.D.In preference to the childrens being bullied.58.What can be learned from paragraph 5?A. The levels of CRP of the children being bullied are much higher than their peers.B. CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age.C.The bullies are not blamed for the health risks of the bullied.D. Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bulliesactions.59.What does Andrea Danese suggest about childhood maltreatment?A. It has nothing to do with inflammation in adult life.B.Copelands study shows nothing related to it.C.CRP is the marker of childhood abuse.D. It has an influence on Childrens CRP levels.60.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Bullying is harmless to childrens growth.B.CRP levels reflect the risks of poorer health.C.Bullying does harm to a person all through his life.D.Children once bullied have higher CRP levels than peers who are not. 四级阅读理解练习与参考答案：Questions 61 to65 are based on thefollowingpassage.Heres a case study for would-be MBAs to consider：the success of H Mart.an international supermarket chain based in New Jersey(the“H”in H Mart stands for Han Ah Reum.which means“one arm full of groceries”in Korean).Tlle first H Mart opened in Queens，New York in 1982，as a corner shop.Now there are stores in 11 states，Canada and Britain.A new one recently opened in Cambridge.Massachusetts，an affluent city outside Boston.The future looks bright for Asian supermarkets like H Mart.Eamings of Asian-American households outpace the American average.Their spending exceeds all other groups，too，according to Geoscape，a consultancy.And they spend more of their money on groceries than the average America household.But Asian delicacies can be hard to come by：few Americans are likely to see durian or bamboo shoots in their local shop.Some specialty ingredients are only to be found at a premium(高价)in up-market grocery stores，or miles away,in ethnic markets in older Asian neighborhpods.Americans have developed greater appetite for cooking and eating Asian foods，t00.In 2012 non.restaurant sales of Asian foods topped $1.5billion，according to Mintel Group.a market.research firm.Though Latin foods are a bigger market，the popularity of Asian foods is growing faster.Once strange.seeming imports like seaweed and sashimi are now fashionable eats.Though the rate of growth is expected to fall，sales are likely to keep rising.Yet most Asian grocers have not made efforts to reach new customers，says Jeffrey Cohen，an analyst at IBIS World,an industries watcher.Many shops are located in minority enclaves，and do little to market themselves to other Americans.Cramped car parks and dingy interiors fend off customers used to the bright fluorescence(荧光)of mainstream supermarkets.Ingredients labeled with poorly-translated English Can leave shoppers bamed.A few Asian grocery chains have caught on，opening stores in more diverse suburbs，paying attention to cosmetic niceties(细节)and marketing more widely.Other than H Mart，there are Califomian chains such as 99 Ranch Market and Shun Fat Supermarket，which have been expanding to the American southwest.The former was even featured in a humorous YouTube music vide —“Asians Eat Weird Things”—which has attracted more than 900，000 hits.Those weird things may not seem so weird after all.61.What makes the future ofAsian supermarkets so bright?A.High income and spending ofAsian-AmeriCalls.B. High income ofAsians and unreachable Asian foods in local American shops.C.High expenditures of Asians on grocery.D.Low earnings of the other groups.62.What are the benefits ofAmericansgrowing appetite for Asian foods?A. The increasing sales and popularity ofAsian foods.B.The expansion of Latin food market.C.The growing fondness of cooking.D.The AmeriCansgood cooking skills ofAsian foods.63.Whhat are the reasons for the unreachability ofAsian groceries to Americans?A. AmeriCansdislike to Asian foods.B. Asiansunwillingness to do business with AmeriCans.C. The poor shopping environment and confusing English introduction of the goods.D. Americansdislike to the English introduction of the goods.64.What do Asian do to develop their groceries?A. Open stores in suburbs and improve shopping environment.B. Market shops to more AmeriCans.C. Make use of the mass media.D.All ofthe above.65.What call be inferred fiom this passage?n supermarkets will become more and more popular.B. Latin foods are less popular than Asian foods.C.Americansincomes are lower than the Asians.D.H Mart is all American international supermarket chain.。
(完整word版)英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案
英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done,but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try toget things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the twoends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when twoChinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountainboth come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn ’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and ifwe have two instead of one, why, we have a double track toboot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measuredby the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousandworkers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is,of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, such efficiency iswhat makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who hasto be punctually at a certain place at five o ’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o ’clock for this, five o ’ clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, andseven o ’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes lifenot worth living.1.The writer objects to efficiency mainly on thegrounds that it ____.A) entitles us to too much leisure time B)urges us to get things done punctually C)deprives us of leisure timeD) imposes on us a perfect concept of time2.In the eyes of the author, the introduction ofindustrial life gives rise to ____.A) the excitement of lifeB) magnificent idling of timeC) more emphasis on efficiencyD) terrifying schoolboy3.The passage tells us ____.A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC)Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency4.The author believes that relaxing the rule ofpunctuality in factories would lead to ____.A) great confusionB) increased production C)a hard and exciting lifeD) successful completion of a tunnel5.What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that____.A) every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB) every American is reluctant to be efficientC)every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD) being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed答案：1.C)deprives us of leisure time 对应原文第一句 but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves.选项 A 是与作者想法完整相反的; 选项 B 虽有章可循 , 但要注意原文是it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly, 而非it 直接 urges us to get things done punctually;选项 D 要看清 , 原文是 a different conception of time而非 a perfect concept of time.The2.C)more emphasis on efficiency 对应原文第二段第一句pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent i dling.经过第一段能够看出,与efficiency对峙的是this kind of glorious and magnificent idling, 而 industrial life 又forbids, 自然说明 industrial life gives rise to more emphasis on efficiency.3.D)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency. 排除法 : A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient 不切合原文()中的内容 ; B)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will 语气太重, 不是被逼迫讲究效率 , 也不是违反自己意向 , 不过为了适应工业社会; C)Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management不属于本文议论范围。
英语四级阅读模拟试题及解析
英语四级阅读模拟试题及解析【英语四级阅读模拟试题及解析】1. Passage OneIn this passage, we will analyze a simulated CET-4 reading test and provide detailed explanations for the correct answers.Question 1: According to the passage, what is the purpose of the simulated CET-4 reading test?Explanation: The purpose of the simulated CET-4 reading test is to provide practice and preparation for the actual CET-4 exam. This test helps students familiarize themselves with the test format and evaluate their reading comprehension skills.Question 2: What is emphasized in the passage as important for success in the CET-4 reading test?Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of practicing regularly and developing effective reading strategies. It suggests that students should read a variety of texts, maintain a high level of concentration, and make use of skimming and scanning techniques to improve their reading speed and accuracy....2. Passage TwoIn the second passage, we will continue analyzing the simulated CET-4 reading test and provide further explanations for the correct answers.Question 6: According to Paragraph 3, how can students improve their vocabulary for the CET-4 reading test?Explanation: Paragraph 3 suggests that students can improve their vocabulary by actively engaging with English texts, such as looking up unfamiliar words in a dictionary, creating flashcards to review new words, and practicing using the words in context through writing or speaking exercises.Question 7: What should students do when they encounter a difficult question during the CET-4 reading test?Explanation: The passage advises students not to panic when encountering a difficult question. It suggests strategies such as reading the question carefully, re-reading the relevant part of the passage, and using logic and common sense to eliminate incorrect answer choices. It is important for students to manage their time effectively and not get stuck on a single question for too long....3. Passage ThreeIn the final passage, we will conclude the analysis of the simulated CET-4 reading test and summarize key points for success.Question 11: According to the passage, why is it important to practice with simulated reading tests?Explanation: The passage states that practicing with simulated reading tests allows students to become familiar with the test format, understand thetypes of questions they may encounter, and develop effective strategies. It helps reduce anxiety and build confidence, leading to better performance in the actual exam.Conclusion:In this analysis, we have reviewed a simulated CET-4 reading test and provided detailed explanations for the correct answers. We have highlighted the importance of regular practice, effective reading strategies, vocabulary improvement, and managing time during the test. By following these tips, students can enhance their reading comprehension skills and achieve success in the CET-4 exam.End of Article请注意，以上仅为文章中的一个小节示例。
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析(总46页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英语四级阅读题库含答案解析OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from billion to billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present povertyand freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permissionIt might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4,A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret” (Line 5,A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronicdevices.D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understoodC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cherish it until they lose itOneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis ,congratulations: you are asurvivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, theultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line qA. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?may increase public expenseswill save money in the long run may cause psychological strains on menwill enable men to live as long as women Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, andavoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “… the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic isthat .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid cloudsmove.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes(同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the . By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,”Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1,A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m morefascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since . schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the .B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.。
2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(新东方在线版)新
2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（新东方在线版）无论是选词填空、长篇阅读还是认真阅读，与在四级课堂上讲到的解题技巧都有很高的契合度。
首先一起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。
总的来说，考点仍旧是课堂上反复跟大家强调的，用我们上课讲到的快速解题法则很快能得到正确答案。
首先第一步分析选项词性。
今年名词考2个，动词考5个，形容词考1个，副词2个。
如此一来，我们很快把15选1缩小到了最多是7选1，最少的状况是1选1。
另外，请留意，名词通过单复数，动词通过时态和非谓语动词还可以进一步缩小范围。
选词填空答案如下：26. F Damage27. B associated28 .M sources29 .D constant30 .G described31 .E control32 .H equals33 .K regularly34. I exclusively35 .O vehicles长篇阅读难度持平，用定位法则快速找定位即可，特殊要留意的是题干中只消失的大写专出名词、数字、时间、连词符和只消失过一次的表达。
今年的匹配题比较难，少数题干消失了同义替换的现象，大多数还是根据我们说的用到的是类似的表达和词性的替换。
匹配题答案如下：36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40.Training a patient to prepare healthy fod can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patientshow to cook it.42. Scott is nat keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based fooding food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat.再来谈谈认真阅读部分。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！
洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址）
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
A) barely
B) genuine
C) rewarded
D) doubt
E) lonely
F) poverty
G) persuade
H) prospects
I) uncertainty
J)impossibly
K) encourage
L)awarded
M) alone
N)wealth
O)cold
【答案】
1.选K)。
此处应填动词的原形。
可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。
2.选N)。
由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。
可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。
3.选E)。
此处应填形容词，private, poor-paying一起修饰affair。
选项中有lonely和alone,能修饰affair的只有lonely,alone表示“孤独的”时，通常作表语，故排除alone而选lonely。
4.选C)。
此处应填动词的被动形式。
可选项有rewarded和awarded,前者可表示“(为所希望的举动得到的)回报”，后者作动词时表示“颁发，授予”，故只有rewarded符合题意而排除awarded。
5.选H)。
此处应填名词。
“当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队20年工作成为一个自由撰稿人时，没有任何......可言”，可选项有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意义上的“金钱”，因此排除wealth而选prospects“前途”。
6.选O)。
it指代的是apartment building，从had no bathroom可知这个公寓条件很差，选项中只有cold能说明公寓的条件差，故选择O)cold。
7.选B)。
“我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己就好像是一个......的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此处作者是想成为一个真正的作家，故选项中只有genuine“真正的”符合题意。
8.选D)。
由空格前的to可知，此处应填动词的原形。
可选项有doubt,persuade,encourage,但由still hadn’t gotten a break"在写作上还没有任何进展”，所以此处应理解为他开始怀疑自己的选择是否正确，故doubt符合文意。
9.选A)。
that从句结构完整，后面有made，故此处应填副词。
可选项有barely和impossibly，因that引导的从句是对story的解释，再由hard一词可推知，此处应填的副词应表达肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而选barely“仅仅，刚刚”。
10.选I)。
由空格后的and可知，此处应填名词。
由fear of failure可知，所填词应表示不好的境遇，可选项有poverty和uncertainty;又由fear可推知，此处强调的是生活的变化无常，而不是生活的贫困，故选uncertainty。
“成千上万人疯狂下载。
更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料，
洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略
请在网上申请报名”。