高中英语外研版选修8Module 6 Section Ⅲ Grammar — 情态动词

Section_ⅢGrammar—_情态动词

语法图解

探究发现

①The topic of the poem can't be travel.

②It must be something more personal.

③It may be friendship.

④It might be the journey through life.

⑤Li Bai must have had a strange life.

⑥He can't have been interested in a normal life.

⑦He may have died when he fell out of a boat.

⑧You should read the poem sometime.

⑨Could you answer a few questions, please?

⑩I told her to stop singing, but she wouldn't listen.

[我的发现]

(1)①～⑦句表示推测，其中⑤～⑦句表示对过去所发生的事情的推测。

(2)⑧句表示说话人的意愿，意为“应该”，⑨句表示请求，⑩句表示意愿。

一、情态动词表推测

(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式

1．在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may(可能)，might/could(也许，或许)。You have worked hard all day.Y ou must be tired.

你辛苦干了一整天，一定累了。

The thought that she might be ill annoyed him.

想到她或许病了，他就不安。

2．否定句中用can't/couldn't(不可能)，may not/might not(可能不)。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.

如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

He said that I might not borrow his car.

他说我可能不用借他的车。

3．疑问句中用can/could(能……？)。

Could he have finished the task?

他可能把任务完成了吗？

Can he be at home now?

他现在能在家吗？

[即时演练1]用适当的情态动词填空

①He must be ill. He looks so pale.

②He was afraid they might not agree with him, but I am not quite sure.

③It can't/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America.

④Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?

⑤It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.

(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态

1．对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。

She must/may/might arrive before 5.

5：00前她一定/可能/也许到。

2．对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。

At this moment, our teacher must/may/might/could be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师一定/可能/也许在批改试卷。

Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can/could he be late for the opening ceremony?

布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？

3．对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

The door is locked. He can not have been at home.

门锁着，他不可能在家。

(三)情态动词表推测的特殊用法

(1)can除了表示推测，用于疑问句和否定句中外，还可以用于肯定句中，表示“在某段时间内一时的可能性”。

It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.

那里有时容易刮风，特别在春季。

(2)must表示“一定，非得；偏要”，语气强烈。

If you must ask for a leave today, you must give out your reason.

如果今天你非要请假的话，你就得说出理由。

[即时演练2]

(1)单句语法填空

①Listen, he must be_reading (read) English.

②Since nobody gave him any help, he must have_done (do) the research on his own.

③It is important to know about the cultural differences that may cause (cause) problems.

(2)选词填空(must/may/might/can/can't)

①If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.

②We enjoy good weather in January, but sometimes it can be terribly cold.

③I haven't decided where I'm going for my holiday. I may/might go to France.

④The story he told can't be true, because it is not reasonable.

⑤Can they finish this before the deadline?

二、should, could, would的用法

(一)could的用法

1．表示过去一般的能力(即想做某事就随时可以做某事的能力)。

Could you speak English then?

那时候你会说英语吗？

[名师点津]若表示过去的特定能力(即在过去特定场合做某事的能力)，则不能用could，而用was (were) able to do sth.或用managed to do sth.或用succeeded in doing sth.等。

The fire was very big but everyone was able to escape from the building.

火势很凶猛，但大家都逃了出来。

2．could表示推测，表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在肯定句中没有must那么有把握；在否定句中没有can't那么有把握。

He couldn't be a bad man.

他不大可能是坏人。

He could have gone home.

他可能已回家了。

3．比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

Could you drive me to the station?

你可以开车送我去车站吗？

We could take the train or alternatively go by car.

我们可以坐火车去，也可以坐汽车去。

4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。

How could he say such a thing?

他竟说出这种话来！

5．could have done表示“可能已经……”。此外，它还可以表示“本能够做某事(而没有做)”，暗含惋惜之情。

You could have done better if you had been more careful.

你要是再细心一点，是可以做得更好的。

(二)should的用法

1．表示义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。其同义词是ought to。

Every citizen should obey the law.

每个公民都应当遵守法律。

You shouldn't waste any time.

你不应该浪费时间。

2．表示推测：用于肯定句，表示按常规、常理的推测，意为“按理说应该”。

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.

这部电影是一流演员主演的，应该拍得很好。

If all goes according to plan we should be in Shanghai tomorrow.

如果一切按照预定的计划进行，明天我们就在上海了。

3．表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。

It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity.

他竟错过如此大好机会，真可惜。

4．用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气。

She suggested that they should book the ticket in advance.

她建议他们预先定票。

5．should have done sth.表示“本应该做某事(而事实上并没有做)”。

shouldn't have done sth.表示“本不该做某事(而事实上做了)”。

You should have turned in your homework yesterday.

你们本该昨天交作业。

(三)would的用法

1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。在疑问句中用于第二人称。

Would you please lend me your pencil?

请把铅笔借给我用用好吗？

2．表示意愿，在陈述语气和虚拟语气中都可用。

He would not leave before he finished his work.

他在完成工作以前不愿离开。

3．表示过去的习惯、例行的活动或过去的一种倾向。

He would sit at the table, deep in thought.

他总是坐在桌边，陷入沉思。

4．用在虚拟语气的主句中。

If you went to see him, he would be delighted.

如果你去看他，他一定非常高兴。

She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.

要不是因为忙她就来了。

[即时演练3]

(1)完成句子

①They were_able_to_escape from the flood.

他们成功地从洪水中逃离。

②He would_read_aloud in the morning when he was a student.

他过去上学时总是在早晨大声朗读。

③We should_not_have_made_fun_of her in the classroom.

我们本不应当在教室里开她的玩笑。

④If the car should_break_down on the way, you would have to walk back.

万一汽车中途抛锚，你就得走回来。

⑤Could/Can/May I use the phone?

我可以用这个电话吗？

(2)选词填空(could/should/would)

①I don't like fish, so I would not eat it unless I was extremely hungry.

②Every time she was in trouble, she would turn to him for help.

③We should have checked the time before we left.

④You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.

⑤I could not have enjoyed myself more — it was a perfect day.

⑥You could have done it well, but you were too careless.

Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空

1．—You needn't take an umbrella.It isn't going to rain.

—Well, I don't know.It might do.

2．The train is to start soon and Mike hasn't arrived. What can have happened to him?

3．I should have handed in my homework yesterday, but unfortunately I forgot about it totally.

4．—She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam.

—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.

5．It may sound like a perfect destination, but it is really adventurous to go there.

6．My book was here a second ago but now it's missing. Someone must be playing a joke on me.

7．The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

8. When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

9．You should help your mother with the housework in your spare time.

10．Why are your eyes so red? Y ou can not have slept well last night.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'm sorry to say that I_cannot_go_to_the_bookstore_with_you on Friday afternoon.

非常抱歉星期五下午我不能和你去书店了。

2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'd appreciate it if you_could_do_me_a_favor.

如果你能帮助我，我会非常感激

3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We should_be_back around 4 o'clock in the afternoon.

我们应该在下午四点左右回来。

4．(2015·四川高考满分作文)You mentioned that you would_like_to_teach_English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for.

你提到作为回报你愿意教英语，这正是我所渴望的事。

5．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)I will be grateful if you could_give_me_a_kind_consideration.

如果你能多加关照，我将不胜感激。

6. (2014·天津高考满分作文)Secondly, would_you_mind_eating noodles?

第二，吃面条你介意吗？

7．It's strange that he should_be_late on such an important occasion.

很奇怪，这么重要的一个场合他竟然迟到了。

Ⅲ.短文改错

Travelling is one of my favorite activity. What I want to do whenever I am free is to go to a beautiful place to enjoy their scenery. Last month, I went to Dalian for a trip, where is a city by sea. It is easier to go there by train; besides, you can take the bus and the plane as well. As soon as I got to there, my cousin went to meet me at the railway station. We visited many interesting places the following days, had a lot of fun. Unlucky, I caught a cold while travelling but it was not serious. During the trip, I make friends with different people including two foreigners from America.

答案：第一句：activity→activities

第二句：their→its

第三句：where→which; by后加the 第四句：easier→easy; and→or

第五句：去掉got后的to

第六句：had→having

第七句：Unlucky→Unluckily

第八句：make→made