国际机票术语
四.国际机票(国际运价规则结构解析)
运价的航班限制 运价的航班限制，一般指明如使用该运价时，行程中可以包括 或者不可以包括符合Routing限制的那些航空公司的那些航班航 班，如果没有指明，则这种票价适用于符合Routing限制任何航 空公司航班。自动计算。
常用Category知识
5）Advance Res/Ticketing:
3. SYD QF CNS825.78----------- SYD-CNS QF Y（OW）
4. CNS/-SYD QF SHA2140.24--------SHA-SYD QF YRT的1/2 P SHASYD552.99这个是HIP（2140.24-296.08-1291.17）检查不算 PRICEABLE UNIT有2个如下 1. SHA KA HKG296.08 ---------SHA-HKG KA YRT2的1/2 HKG VS SYD Q4.24 1291.17 ---------HKG-SYD VSYRTHK的1/2 CNS/-SYD QF SHA2140.24--------SHA-SYD QF YRT的1/2 3. SYD QF CNS825.78----------- SYD-CNS QF Y（OW） 这个是END-ON-END 分段相加而来，单算也是这个值，拿掉不影响其它计算。
FC FC(当fare origin fied is coded用PU/J) PU(当each trip filed is coded用FC) FC(当byte 38是3/4/5(inbound/outbound/either)用PU/J) PU/J PU/J PU/J 当byte8-11和24-26时为PU/J,其它FC
FC&PU详解
13FEB11SHA KA HKG296.08YRT2 VS SYD Q4.24 1291.17YRHK QF CNS825.78 Y/SYD
国际机票术语
国际机票术语1、航段：一个城市到达另外一个城市的飞行线路（包括经停）Eg: 北京-新加坡视为一个航段；北京-新加坡-曼谷-北京是3 个航段2、航程：是指飞机在起飞后，中途不停、不加油所飞行的距离！其中包括起飞、巡航、降落的距离。
与载油量及载客（货）量有关！航程越大，飞行则越远。
现阶段飞机分为：越太平洋远程飞行、中程飞行和短程飞行三种航程！3、航班：航班是指飞机定期由始发站按规定的航线起飞，经过经停站至终点站或不经经停站而直达终点站的运输飞行，在国际航线上飞行的航班称国际航班，在国内航线上飞行的航班称国内航班。
4、航班号：为了方便运输和用户，每个航班均有编号，这个编号就是航班号。
如：CA101 航班号的含义:我国国内航班号的编排是由航空公司的两字代码加4位数字组成，航空公司代码由民航总局规定公布。
后面四位数字的第一位代表航空公司的基地所在地区，第二位代表航班基地外终点所在地区，其中数字1代表华北、2为西北、3为华南、4为西南、5为华东、6为东北、8为厦门、9为新疆，第三、第四位表示航班的序号，单数表示由基地出发向外飞的航班，双数表示飞回基地的回程航班。
以CA1206为例，CA是中国国际航空公司的代码，第一位数字1表示华北地区，国航的基地在北京；第二位数字2表示西北，西安属西北地区；后两位06为航班序号，末位6是双数，表示该航班为回程航班。
再比如CZ3151，深圳—北京航班，CZ为南方航空公司的代码，第一位数字3表示华南地区，南航的基地在广州；1表示华北，北京属于华北地区；51为航班序号，单数为去程航班。
国际航班号的编排，是由航空公司代码加3位数字组成。
第一位数字表示航空公司，后两位为航班序号，与国内航班号相同的是单数为去程，双数为回程。
例如MU508，由东京飞往北京，是中国东方航空公司承运的回程航班。
5、舱位：飞机里不同的位置。
分为物理舱位和逻辑舱位。
逻辑舱位为机票折扣的一种表示如：L舱是打五折的。
国际机票常用术语
国际机票常见名词解释PS：此文档多为网上搜索整理，如有错误，请帮忙修正。
1公司常用名词1.OD：出发地到达地，O是出发地，D是到达地2.SHOPPING:指的是fare与av相结合计算完成后返回前端每个航班组合的最低价3.流量：向数据源请求数据的次数，航信的话是请求就算钱，其他的是返回结果才算钱。
4.临时单：在生成正式单之前生成临时单。
客户点击预定后，系统验舱验价后生成的单子。
输入购票信息后提交，就生成了正式单。
5.刷新虚舱：去验舱时，因为缓存机制，验舱并不是实时进行，所以可能出现页面显示有舱位，但是下单时去验舱实际已没有舱位。
临时单和正式单均有虚舱情况。
6.验舱虚舱：验舱时，IBE+接口有问题。
验舱失败，未正确返回数据。
从日志中可以看出。
7.外显变价率：与真实价格相差50元之内的变价。
8.真实变价率：真实价格变化。
真实变价包括外显变价。
9.fare：票价，不包含税费。
是承运人为运输旅客及其限额范围内的免费行李所收取的费用。
10.fare变价：票价变化11.税变动：购买国际机票均要缴税，不同的国家机场缴费的标准和要求各不相同。
主要包括燃油附加税，机场建设税，入境税，出境税等。
目前税额从携程拉取。
2.航信黑屏查询指令1.FSD：全称XS FSD，查询城市两点之间的票价及其附加的限制条件代号2.FSC：全称XS FSC查询货币转换数额，例如人民币对美元3.FSN：全称XS FSN，显示票价注解4.FXS：查询舱位和航班限制情况5.FSI：全称XS FSI计算运价3.常见机构1.ICS：航空公司系统。
2.CRS：代理人系统。
3.GDS：Global Distribution System全球分销系统全球性GDS：AMADEUS,GALILEO,SABRE,WORLDSPA区域性GDS：ABACUS，拥有亚太地区首屈一指的全球分销系统，是亚太地区首屈一指的旅游解决方案和服务提供商国家范围GDS:日本：AXESS & INFINI;韩国：TOPAS;中国：Travelsky4.ATPCO：航空运价发布公司，负责全球大部分航空公司的运价、税费等数据的存储发布工作。
国际机票术语
国际机票术语文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-国际机票术语1、航段：一个城市到达另外一个城市的飞行线路（包括经停）Eg: 北京-新加坡视为一个航段；北京-新加坡-曼谷-北京是 3 个航段2、航程：是指飞机在起飞后，中途不停、不加油所飞行的距离！其中包括起飞、巡航、降落的距离。
与载油量及载客（货）量有关！航程越大，飞行则越远。
现阶段飞机分为：越太平洋远程飞行、中程飞行和短程飞行三种航程！3、航班：航班是指飞机定期由始发站按规定的航线起飞，经过经停站至终点站或不经经停站而直达终点站的运输飞行，在国际航线上飞行的航班称国际航班，在国内航线上飞行的航班称国内航班。
4、航班号：为了方便运输和用户，每个航班均有编号，这个编号就是航班号。
如：CA101 航班号的含义:我国国内航班号的编排是由航空公司的两字代码加4位数字组成，航空公司代码由民航总局规定公布。
后面四位数字的第一位代表航空公司的基地所在地区，第二位代表航班基地外终点所在地区，其中数字1代表华北、2为西北、3为华南、4为西南、5为华东、6为东北、8为厦门、9为新疆，第三、第四位表示航班的序号，单数表示由基地出发向外飞的航班，双数表示飞回基地的回程航班。
以CA1206为例，CA是中国国际航空公司的代码，第一位数字1表示华北地区，国航的基地在北京；第二位数字2表示西北，西安属西北地区；后两位06为航班序号，末位6是双数，表示该航班为回程航班。
再比如CZ3151，深圳—北京航班，CZ为南方航空公司的代码，第一位数字3表示华南地区，南航的基地在广州；1表示华北，北京属于华北地区；51为航班序号，单数为去程航班。
国际航班号的编排，是由航空公司代码加3位数字组成。
第一位数字表示航空公司，后两位为航班序号，与国内航班号相同的是单数为去程，双数为回程。
例如MU508，由东京飞往北京，是中国东方航空公司承运的回程航班。
国际机票术语（Internationalticketterms）
国际机票术语（International ticket terms）International ticket terms1 leg: a city to another city of the flight line (including stops)Eg: Beijing - Singapore as a leg; Beijing - Singapore - Bangkok - Beijing is the 3 leg2: flight: refers to the aircraft after take-off, non-stop on the way, do not refuel the flight distance! Including take-off, cruise, landing distance. Relating to carrying capacity and carrying capacity!The greater the flight, the farther the flight. At this stage, the aircraft is divided into: the Pacific long-range flight, medium range flight and short-range flight three voyages!3, flight: flight refers to the aircraft in accordance with the provisions of the regular flights to take off from the originating station, after stopping station to station end point or without stops by the direct end point station transport flight, flight flights on international routes according to international flights, flight routes in the country on the flight that domestic flights.4, flight number: in order to facilitate transportation and users, each flight is numbered, this number is the flight number. What is the meaning of flight number CA101?:The arrangement of the domestic flight number is composed ofthe two character code of the airline plus 4 digits, and the airline code is promulgated by the caac.The first of the four digits represents the base of the airline, and the second represents the outside of the flight base,The number of representatives of the 1 North, 2 to 3 for Southern China, northwest, southwest, East China 4 for 5, 6, 8 for the Northeast Xiamen, Xinjiang for 9, third, fourth said the flight number, represented by the base of the singular outward flight, "said the return flight back to base.In the case of CA1206, CA is China international airline code, the first digit 1 said North China Air Base in Beijing; second number 2 in the northwest, Xi'an is in the northwest; after two to 06 flight number, last 6 double, indicating that the flight is a return flight.For example, CZ3151, Shenzhen - Beijing flights CZ for southern airline code, the first number 3 in Southern China, China Southern Airlines base in Guangzhou; 1 in North China, Beijing belongs to North China; 51 for the flight number, singular flight.The arrangement of international flight numbers is made up of airline code plus 3 digit numbers. The first digit airline, flight number two for the same, and domestic flight number is odd to even return to process. For example, MU508, from Tokyo to Beijing, is a return flight carried by China Eastern airlines.5, cabin: different locations in the aircraft. It is divided into physical berth and logical cabin. Logical cabin space is a ticket discount, such as: "L" is "half off".6, direct flight: refers to two points (one-way or two-way) direct flight through the shortest distance.There may be a stop point in the direct flight, or there may be no stopping point, whether or not there is a stop, just a ticket opportunity.7, non direct flight route: also called, refers to a turning point in the middle of the voyage, and need moreTake a ticket.8, one-way (One, Way, Trips, abbreviated as OW)Refers to the voyage that does not constitute a complete return trip, global course or other gap course using the 1/2RT fare.Example: PEKKHI;PEKKHIIST9, to return (Round Trips, abbreviated as RT)Refers to travel from a point of origin, through a ninety percent off rebate, and then returned to the original starting point, and full use of air transport flight.Example: PEKNRTPEK;PEKKHI (Interim) CAIKHI (Interim) PEK;PEKKUL (Interim) JKTMNL (Interim) PEK10, CT Trips (Circle)A journey from one point to another, followed by a continuous, circular course, and finally returned to its original point of departure.Example: PEK-HKG-NRT-PEK;pek - lhr lis - mnl - pek11、环球程 (round the world, 缩写为rtw)是指从一点始发, 穿越 (且仅一次穿越) 大西洋和太平洋, 最后又回到原出发点的航程.例: pek－cdg－nyc－pek12、缺口程 (open jaw, trip, 缩写为oj)是指旅行从一国始发, 最后又回到该始发国的使用普通运价的航程.a.始发地缺口程 (origin of open jaw, 缩写为ooj)是指去程的出发点和回程的到达点不同, 但都在始发国内的航程, 即缺口两端都在始发国内.例: pek－nrt－pvgb.折返地缺口程 (turnaround open jaw, 缩写为toj)是指去程的到达点和回程的出发点不同, 但都在同一国内的航程, 即缺口两端都在折返国内.例: pek－nrt / osa－pekc.双缺口程 (single open jaw, 缩写为soj)是指去程的出发点和回程的到达点不同, 但都在始发国内; 并且去程的到达点和回程的出发点也不同, 但都在折返国内的航程.例: pek－nrt / osa－pvg13、航程中的客票点: 是指在旅客客票的航程栏中开列的所有各点.包括航程的始发点、终点、中途分程点和中转衔接点.14、航程的始发点: 是指在客票中列明的整个航程最初的出发地点.15、航程的终点: 是指在客票中列明的整个航程最终的到达地点.16、门户点 (出发门户城市 / 到达门户城市): 针对一个航线中的到达的城市和国内出港的城市.如果有多条航线就有多个门户点(gateway).eg.如果销售从北京去美国的 ca 机票, 那么 lax (洛杉矶 (sfo), 旧金山), 均为 ca 的门户点.同理, 如果销售美国飞往中国 ca 的机票, 那么 pek (北京) 是位门户点 sha (上海).17、zone: 就是一个区 (城市组), 它经过门户点.门户点到这个区的每个城市的票价都是一样的18、中途分程: 是指旅客在航程中的某一中间点中断旅行, 并且停留时间超过小时的情况 24.19、中转衔接: 转机的另一种说法.20、转机: 是指因旅行衔接的需要, 旅客在航程中的某一中间点转换航班, 并且衔接时间不超过小时的情况 24.21、代码共享航班: the 航空公司从航空公司购买座位进行销售挂的是 b, the 航空公司的牌, 实际承运人是航空公司 b22、重新订座: 有些外航不能重复预定, 因此 pnr 被 no 之后以后, 原来的旅客要再次预定, 就需要重新订座.23、pnr assager name record, 乘客姓名记录信息.24、ics 与 crs:ics: 航空公司系统crs: 代理人系统25、客票填开: 打票.26、rq 票: 座位未确定.27、票价类别: 经济舱票价, 商务舱, 还是头等舱的票价28、客票签注: ei 项, 限制条件29、承运人: 乘坐的是那个航空公司的飞机, 哪个航空公司就是承运人.30、open 票: 指往返票回程不定日期, 回程机票上标记为 open 字样的机票.未订妥乘机日期的机票为 open 票.31、保险: ①按时间②按航段: 飞机落地保险过期.32、代理:Non proprietary: ET is the two independent economy, and the fax is the contract between them.The semi private agency: Fax (xianzhanhouzou type), is the replacement of a fax.Own agent: face to face without faxing.33, the shortest stay time and the longest residence time:Eg: the stay time is between 3 and 14 days. Then I have to stay for 3 days and not more than 14 days. The ticket is valid. 3days is the shortestThe residence time is 14 days, which is the longest residence time34, ADD-ON: the main carrier airlines and Air China in accordance with the proportion of the price of intermodal transport.35, SPA: main airline carrier and foreign airlines in accordance with the proportion of transport priceIn 36, 1/2RT: in the different city price file allows the combination of circumstances, different price, different space, different seasons were combined, the price is two sum price divided by 2 Eg. for example: a leg of the two or more than two international air or area, is the vast number of cases are available 1/2RT price:When calculating the group using 1/2RT par segment or region where the international air fares, 1/2RT combined with the sales price:SHA-CA-TYO//OSA-CA-SHA Air China - Shanghai - Tokyo prices and Osaka - Shanghai prices 1/2RT37, net net agent: agent = airline sales price guide (1 * agent ratio).38, guide sales price: Airlines to sell prices.39, agent ratio: agent to sell a ticket, airlines offer profit margins.40, taxes and fees: airport construction costs, security, fuel surcharges, etc..41, Q value: (Hongkong) departure tax. Q value * ROE= departure tax RMB amount42, Z value: Airlines to ET, Z value is not fixed, profit = agency fee +Z value.43, ROE: international exchange rate (international exchange rate = $Airlines).44, FCNY:Fare, CNY for the announcement of fares.45, SCNY:Sell, CNY for the sales price, is announced after the fare discount results.46, TCNY:Tax, CNY for the total tax.47, TCNY:Total, CNY is the sum of tax and par value.48, NUC: sum, FCNY=NUC*ROE.BT par BT is BULK TICKET abbreviation, and IT ticket is actually the same, the ticket is as part of the package tour, so can not provide independent par value, guests can not know the par valuePNR PNR is the PNR, namely PASSAGER NAME RECORD abbreviation,it reflects the passenger flight, flight number of seats occupied, and passenger information.NUC NUC is a standard unit price calculation, NEUTRAL UNITS OF CONSTRUCTION, the international air freight is released to the local currency, the voyage through different countries, only in the local currency can not complete the freight calculation, in order to reasonable fare calculation, the IATA developed intermediate unit (NUC).NON- END is not allowed to sign other airlinesRER travel routes must not be changedREBxxx change the departure date to pay XXX yuanREFxxx refund is subject to XXX yuan handling feeSTU STUDENT student (after passenger name appears)FFP, the Frequent Flyer Programme (frequent flyer program), is an important way for airlines to attract regular customers and provide value-added services.1/2RT 1/2RT is used to return half fare such as: TPE-HKG X MFM-TPE this way back and travel itinerary for the opening (SURFACE), 1/2 TPE-HKG-TPE + 1/2 TPE-MFM-TPE fare available together is the TPE-HKG X MFM-TPE fare, please note that the trip must be a RT to return to the way, if one way you can't,For example, TPE-HKG-SIN is OW, one-way fare is TPE-HKG, O/W+ HKGSIN, O/W or TPE-SIN O/W, you can't use 1/2 TPE-HKG-TPE + 1/2 HKG-SIN-HKGCL, FARE, BASIS, NVB, NVA, seat class, ticket price, ticket type, ticket valid date / valid expiration dateCode share flight code share flight is a form of cooperation between the airlines, if the route of the source is not high enough to use two flights to the carrier, then the two base airlines will use code sharing to achieve cooperation between each other.UMNR unaccompanied childrenShipping spaceBSP neutral BSP neutral ticket tickets from sales agents, and by IATA designated data processing center and the clearing bank for settlement and payment, so as to avoid the complicated situation in between airlines and agents of various tickets, multi settlement payment on many occasions, save a lot of expenses for airlines and agents, improve work efficiency and the quality of service. China BSP was founded in 1995 and is currently the largest BSP in the world. By the end of 2006, there were 79 BSP operating in the world, covering 161 countries and regions, 377 member airlines, and 57 non Airlines participants. On April 1996, CAAC held a meeting requiring domestic one or two types of air ticket agents to sell BSP neutral tickets as soon as possible for airlines. Subsequently, 21 airlines, represented by Air China, also co wrote to domestic agents, claiming they would take back the airline's ticket and urge themto use the BSP neutral ticket as soon as possible.Electronic ticket electronic ticket (Electronic Ticket) also known as the electronic ticket, the electronic form of paper tickets, is a number of electronic records, electronic ticket coupon information is stored in the reservation system, can perform the same as paper ticket ticket, void, refund, change, change turn sign etc..1. big policy: we put airlines on a "airline" (probably a price area, to a price area, andThe shipping documents for different seasons in different seasons are called a big policy.2. small policies: small policy is a specific price policy fora particular season or a particular cabin on a route. Every little policyBelong to a big policy.AEG aircraft Review Committee (Aircrafe Evaluation Group- referred to as AEG) subordinate to the following three committeesmaintenance review committee - MRB (Maintenance Review Board), the committee is responsible for the specific aircraft model approval of the relevant Bureau personnel. The main job of the MRB is with the aircraft manufacturers, airlines to work together in the formulation and revision of the MRBR process, to the Industrial Guidance Committee (ISC) and working group(WG) put forward examination opinions and final approval by MRBR (report, the review committee also called maintenance maintenance program).Flight Standards Committee - FSB (Flight Standard Board) FSB, the main task is to develop flight crew training and qualification standards. Includes setting up model level requirements, reviewing aircraft flight manuals, manuals, checklists and training programs, training facilities and simulatorsFlight Review Committee - FOEB (Flight Operation Evaluation Board), the committee is responsible for the specific aircraft model approval of the relevant Bureau personnel.It is usually composed of experts in operation, electronics, maintenance, inspector and aircraft model checking.The main task of FOEB is to formulate or revise MMEL.The draft of MMEL, called PMMEL, is drafted by the aircraft manufacturer and submitted to the board for approval. The MMEL approved by the board of directors becomes the document of the board, and is the basis for each airline to establish its own MEL.BSP BSP and Plan (Billing Settlement), e-ticket (neutral ticket), referred to as,The International Air Transport Association (IATA) members of the association according to the airline's request, to adaptto the rapid development of international air transport system, a sales agent for the establishment of expanding sales network and standardize the behavior of agents and sales using neutral ticket sales and settlement. The system was established in Japan in 1971 and has been 33 years old. This is a relatively sophisticated and mature system that has been widely used. BSP management is divided by region, at present, the world has more than 140 countries or regions to establish the system, there are more than 400 airlines and 6.4 sales agents to join the system. At present, China Airlines has all joined the BSP system.IBEIBE (Internet Booking Engine), namely Internet booking engine, is an open platform technology based on Internet, it provides access to Chinese Aisino traditional reservation service system for all kinds of user application system, using API (Application Programming interface) mode interface.Types of international air passenger fares1. ordinary rates(1) unrestricted ordinary rates. The term "unrestricted" means no restriction on the number of passes on the course. For Beijing to London rates, the passenger is allowed to travel halfway over the course. The unrestricted ordinary fare is divided into the following grades:First class tariff, also known as "P" and "f"";Intermediate rates, also known as "C" and "J"";Full economy class rate, also known as "Y"";(2) restricted ordinary rates. The term "restriction" means that the freight rate has strict restrictions on the number of trips in the middle course, and can not be arbitrarily increased or not allowed. As a result of this restriction, the freight rate is lower than the previous one.Special economic rates: C2, Y2, M, etc..2. non ordinary rates(1) discount rate. The discount rate is based on the average fare, and is given a discount of a percentage, depending on the age, occupation, identity, and the special purpose of the trip. There are many types of discount tariff:Baby & Child discounts, codes IN and CH;Student discount code SD;Youth discount code YXX;Family discount code PD;Discount for couples, code CST;Seafarer discount code SC, DG;IATA sales agent discount code AD;Tour guide discount code TG;Air freight clerk discount code ID.(2) promotion tariff. A tariff used by airlines to stimulate and expand sales when the air market is weak. These tariffs vary in use, and different categories have different applicable conditions.Pre purchased travel rates are divided according to different seasons: YLAP, YHAP, YAP and so on. This price is the return fare, and the use is limitedFrugal travel rates are divided into: YS, YLS, YHS, YXS and so on.Personal short-term travel rates are: FE, YE, YE3M, YE45, etc., this price has the shortest and longest tour period round-trip price.Personal comprehensive travel rates are divided into: IT, IIT and so on, which is currently the world's more popular tourist fares.Group comprehensive travel rates are divided into: GV or GIT, is also the most popular tourist fares.Break even rates are mainly: YMB, YLB, YB, etc., for such fares,airlines do not make money, just recover costs.Social group rates (GA) which apply to groups of companies or institutions of the same community.These promotional rates are also often called special rates on the tariff.Taxes on international ticketsWhere does the tax on international tickets come from?Passengers who buy international tickets often ask, "why do you have to pay tax on airline tickets? Is it airport construction tax?" Of course not. The tax on international airline tickets is the tax paid by the airline when it comes to the national government.The tax on international air tickets is divided into three categories: departure tax, transit tax, entry tax, individual countries, and other items of tax. For example, the United States, in addition to the above-mentioned tax, there are customs use tax, airport tax, animal and plant immune inspection fees and so on.Of course, some countries do not collect taxes, and countries such as China and Philippines do not collect taxes. So, if you go to Japan from Chinese, one-way no tax, but a round-trip or one-way ticket tax; your departure from Japan to China is a tax, it is because Chinese no exit tax, Japan has no entry tax, but Japan's departure tax.The tax is usually based on the exchange rate at which the ticket is purchased, which is why the last purchase of the ticket is the same as the purchase of the airline ticket, but the tax is different. Of course, the rate of difference is not large.In some countries, some cities have tax, and some cities do not have tax. For example, Japan's Tokyo and Osaka have departure taxes, while Sapporo has no tax.The flight level of a civil aircraftThe flight level of a civil aircraftMore than medium civil aircraft flying in high altitude, the altitude here refers to the altitude of 7000 - 12000 meters of space. In this space, with 1 kilometers to 1 height layer, divide into 6 height layer: 7 kilometers, 8 kilometers, 9 kilometers, 10 thousand meters, 10 thousand and 1 kilometers and 10 thousand and 2 kilometers. High flying aircraft are allowed to fly above a given altitude only.In addition, the civil aircraft in flight, to due north direction for zero boundaries, where heading right (East) aircraft to fly even high-rise, 8 kilometers, 10 thousand meters, 10 thousand and 2 meters high; where heading left (West) flew 7 kilometers singular level, 9 kilometers, 10 thousand and 1 km altitude.For example: civil aircraft to fly from Beijing to Hangzhou, Hangzhou, South East of Beijing, the aircraft flying above thedual level return fly singular level. And if the flight from Shenyang to Hangzhou, Hangzhou in the south west direction of Shenyang aircraft must fly singular level return flying dual layer. Thus, the flying planes at opposite directions were not at the same height, avoiding collisions.Maximum flight height of different aircraftA short flight is generally 6000 to 9600 meters long flight, flight is generally 8000 to 12600 meters of flight, now ordinary airliner maximum flight altitude is not more than 12600 meters, some jet flight height can reach 15000 meters.BOEING 737-300 (Boeing 737-300)Aircraft maker: American Boeing Aircraft CoCaptain: 32.8Machine height (meters) 4.01Maximum guest number 145Maximum load (kg) 15200Maximum flight height (meters) 11280Range (km) 5460Maximum cruising speed (km / h) 831(Boeing 757-200 aircraft)Aircraft maker: American Boeing Aircraft Co Captain: 47.33Machine height (meters) 6.25Maximum guest number 200Maximum load (kg) 24460Maximum flight height (meters) 11280Range (km) 6319Maximum cruising speed (km / h) 928 (Boeing 777-200 aircraft)BoeingCaptain: 63.73Machine height (meters) 18.45Maximum guest number 380Maximum load (kg) 54930Maximum flight height (meters) 15000Range (km) 13334Maximum cruising speed (km / h) 940The flight altitude is the demarcation of the international civil aviation organization, the world general. Dongdan West follow the two principles, actual flight angle is 0~179 degrees, 900 meters ~8100 meters, every 600 meters, a height of 9000 meters above the floor, one every 1200 meters height; 180~359 degrees, 600 meters ~8400 meters every 600 meters height layer. More than 8400 meters every 1200 meters a height of side layer.What is cruising speed?The speed at which an aircraft's engine consumes less fuel per kilometer is called cruising speed.In the airline industry, a flight that is suitable for continuous, near steady flight is generally called cruising. The parameters in this state are called cruise parameters, such as cruising altitude, cruise thrust, and so on. Cruise speed is also one of the cruise parameters of the plane. Cruise status is not unique. Each cruise depends on many factors, such as weather conditions, loading, flight distance, economy, etc.. As a result, the selected cruise parameters (including cruise speed) are often different for each flight. The same cruise, due to different mission requirements, the selected cruise speed is also different. For example, range cruise, cruise time cruise, given interval, minimum fuel consumption cruise, etc., although all require aircraft to more fuel-efficient,relatively economic speed cruise, but these indicators are different. The aircraft can fly in a cruise voyage cruise voyage furthest; voyage cruise aircraft can cruise speed is required to blank the longest flight and so on. To this end, cruise speed can be subdivided into "cruise speed" and "long sailing speed" and so onWhat is transit and stop?It is generally stipulated that a stay of no more than 24 hours at the transfer point is deemed to be a transit, and exceeding is deemed to have been stopped. But some provisions of the different airlines, for example: Air Canada provides for 4 hours.Transit serviceThe transfer service is carried out for the purchase of aviation passenger ticket clearing all in one service. From the beginning of this link, each department will transfer the name of the passenger, number, change flights, notify the follow-up department. When the transit passengers arrive at the transfer airport, they will have their assistance to pick up their baggage and check in for subsequent flights as long as they find the transit service counter in the arrival hall. Pass security check.routeThe plane's flight route is called the air traffic line, or the airline. Not only to determine the specific route direction,flight destination and stopping point, but also according to the needs of the air traffic control regulations, the width and height, in order to maintain traffic order in the air, to ensure flight safety. There are two main forms of transportation route structure: (1) axis radiation type (also called auxiliary hub type or wheel auxiliary type).(2) urban alignment. According to the origin of sites belonging to different routes are divided into international and domestic routes. China's domestic route according to the destination area divided into trunk routes and regional routes. The trunk line refers to the routes connecting the capital Beijing and the provincial capitals, municipalities directly under the central government or the capital of the autonomous region, as well as connecting the two or more than two provincial capitals, municipalities directly under the central government and the capital of the autonomous region. A feeder line is a route between a province or an autonomous region, except a provincial or capital city.。
四国际机票(国际运价规则结构解析)解读
常用Category知识
10）Permitted Combinations: 运价对本运价与其他运价或者其他类型运价组合的限制，如果在此项中没 有要求，则说明对运价组合遵循总则；自动计算。
常用Category知识
11) Blackout Dates: 运价使用中断时间 一般指明在一年中那些特殊时期不能使用该运价，如果 在此项中没有要求，则说明运价可在有效期内不间断使 用。自动计算。
基础术语知识-FOOTNOTE/CATEGORY
2. Footnote 和 category一起使用进一步的做票价的限制，通常包含
3/11/14/15/23条款。由字母除F/T和数字1-99组成。
基础术语知识-Rule/Fare class
3. Rule 数字或字母组成的编码，为 CATEGORY内容。
1）Eligibility：运价中对旅客身份条件的限制,
旅客身份在FARE CLASS
定义好，在此定义是否需要ID和年龄段。 如果没有旅客条件的规定，这个价钱就适用于任何类型的旅客。自动计算。
2）Day/Time:
运价对旅行的日子及时间上的限制 一般指明只有行程在满足在一周内指定日子或一天内指定的时间段旅行的条件 下才可以使用该运价，在这一条里，周几是用三字简写代表的；如果没有指明， 则这种票价适用于任何时间和日期。自动计算。
国际运价规则结构解析
1.国际机票基础术语知识
2.国际运价规则 3.运价扣率 4.廉价航空
基础术语知识－TARIFF
1. Tariff:
ATPCO根据飞行地理区域做的票价定义 种类Public和Private, 包含Fare/Rules/General rules/Arbitrary/Routing/GI/Area 要素，分US/CA domestic, International 和Allfares
四.国际机票(国际运价规则结构解析)-文档资料
间限制，只有在这个Deadline前出票，运价才是有效的和可使用 的，超过这个时间出票，该运价将失效。如果没有指明，则这种 票价适用于在预定后，航班起飞前任何时间出票。自动计算。
17
常用Category知识
6）Minimum Stay:运价对旅客在停留地最短停留期的限制 一般指往返程时旅客需要在行程指定点最少停留天（月）数的限
国际运价规则结构解析
1.国际机票基础术语知识 2.国际运价规则 3.运价扣率 4.廉价航空
1
基础术语知识－TARIFF
1. Tariff: ATPCO根据飞行地理区域做的票价定义
种类Public和Private, 包含Fare/Rules/General rules/Arbitrary/Routing/GI/Area 要素，分US/CA domestic, International 和Allfares
运价的航班限制，一般指明如使用该运价时，行程中可以包括 或者不可以包括符合Routing限制的那些航空公司的那些航班 航班，如果没有指明，则这种票价适用于符合Routing限制任 何航空公司航班。自动计算。
16
常用Category知识
5）Advance Res/Ticketing: 运价在预定后有效
Application: 票价适用范围，主要介绍航程类型、票价适用区间等。
Fares:告诉你如果在主价单中没有此类价格，该如何获得价格。
Passenger Expense: 介绍客人的哪种费用可以被航空公司消化，如餐食、交
通、酒店住宿等
1）Eligibility：运价中对旅客身份条件的限制, 旅客身份在FARE CLASS定
四.国际机票(国际运价规则结构解析)概要
1）Eligibility：运价中对旅客身份条件的限制,
旅客身份在FARE CLASS
定义好，在此定义是否需要ID和年龄段。 如果没有旅客条件的规定，这个价钱就适用于任何类型的旅客。自动计算。
2）Day/Time:
运价对旅行的日子及时间上的限制 一般指明只有行程在满足在一周内指定日子或一天内指定的时间段旅行的条件 下才可以使用该运价，在这一条里，周几是用三字简写代表的；如果没有指明， 则这种票价适用于任何时间和日期。自动计算。
常用Category知识
9) Transfers: 运价对行程中转机点的限制 当我们使用某些Mileage-Based Fare（如环球运价）或者某些航空公司在 Routing Fare规则下发布的直达Publish Fare时（例如UA/NW），运价可 能会允许在到达行程指定点前可以有经1个（或几个）转机点，或者限制 行程在到达指定点前必须包括1个（或几个）转机点；如果在此项中没有 要求，则说明运价对中途停留点没有限制。自动计算。
基础术语知识- Season type/Day type
6.Season type和Day type
基础术语知识- Display type
7. Display type
N = Normal, E = Excursion, S = Status, G = Group, I = Incl Tour
7）Maximum Stay: 运价对旅客在停留地最短停留期的限制 一般指往返程时旅客需要在行程指定点最多停留天（月） 数的限制，如果没有指明，则旅客可在行程指定点做最长不超过1 年的最长停留；自动计算。
常用Category知识
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以第一二行为例：ORIGIN/DES 是始发地FLIGHT是航班CLASS是舱位等级DATE起飞日期TIME 起飞的时间ARRTIME到达的时间国际机票术语收藏1、航段：一个城市到达另外一个城市的飞行线路（包括经停）Eg: 北京-新加坡视为一个航段；北京-新加坡-曼谷-北京是3 个航段2、航程：是指飞机在起飞后，中途不停、不加油所飞行的距离！其中包括起飞、巡航、降落的距离。
与载油量及载客（货）量有关！航程越大，飞行则越远。
现阶段飞机分为：越太平洋远程飞行、中程飞行和短程飞行三种航程！3、航班：航班是指飞机定期由始发站按规定的航线起飞，经过经停站至终点站或不经经停站而直达终点站的运输飞行，在国际航线上飞行的航班称国际航班，在国内航线上飞行的航班称国内航班。
4、航班号：为了方便运输和用户，每个航班均有编号，这个编号就是航班号。
如：CA101 航班号的含义:我国国内航班号的编排是由航空公司的两字代码加4位数字组成，航空公司代码由民航总局规定公布。
后面四位数字的第一位代表航空公司的基地所在地区，第二位代表航班基地外终点所在地区，其中数字1代表华北、2为西北、3为华南、4为西南、5为华东、6为东北、8为厦门、9为新疆，第三、第四位表示航班的序号，单数表示由基地出发向外飞的航班，双数表示飞回基地的回程航班。
以CA1206为例，CA是中国国际航空公司的代码，第一位数字1表示华北地区，国航的基地在北京；第二位数字2表示西北，西安属西北地区；后两位06为航班序号，末位6是双数，表示该航班为回程航班。
再比如CZ3151，深圳—北京航班，CZ为南方航空公司的代码，第一位数字3表示华南地区，南航的基地在广州；1表示华北，北京属于华北地区；51为航班序号，单数为去程航班。
国际航班号的编排，是由航空公司代码加3位数字组成。
第一位数字表示航空公司，后两位为航班序号，与国内航班号相同的是单数为去程，双数为回程。
例如MU508，由东京飞往北京，是中国东方航空公司承运的回程航班。
5、舱位：飞机里不同的位置。
分为物理舱位和逻辑舱位。
逻辑舱位为机票折扣的一种表示如：L舱是打五折的。
6、直达航程：是指两点间（单向或双向）的直达航班所经过的最短路程。
在直达航程中可能有经停点，也可能没有经停点，不论是否有经停，仅需一张客票乘机联。
7、非直达航程：也称联程运输，是指在航程中有中间转机点的情况，且需要多张客票乘机联。
8、单程（One Way Trips,缩写为OW）是指不构成完全的来回程、环球程或其它使用1/2RT运价的缺口程的航程。
例：PEK－KHI；PEK－KHI－IST9、来回程（Round Trips,缩写为RT）是指旅行从一点始发，经某一折返点，再回到原出发点，并且全程使用航空运输的航程。
例：PEK－NRT－PEK；PEK－KHI（中转）－CAI－KHI（中转）－PEK；PEK－KUL（中转）－JKT－MNL（中转）－PEK10、环程（Circle Trips,缩写为CT）是指旅行从一点始发，经一条连续、环形的空中路线，最后又回到原出发点的航程。
例：PEK-HKG-NRT-PEK；PEK-LHR-LIS-MNL-PEK11、环球程（Round The World,缩写为RTW）是指从一点始发，穿越（且仅一次穿越）大西洋和太平洋，最后又回到原出发点的航程。
例：PEK－CDG－NYC－PEK12、缺口程（Open Jaw Trip,缩写为OJ）是指旅行从一国始发,最后又回到该始发国的使用普通运价的航程。
a.始发地缺口程（Origin Open Jaw,缩写为OOJ）是指去程的出发点和回程的到达点不同，但都在始发国内的航程，即缺口两端都在始发国内。
例：PEK－NRT－PVGb.折返地缺口程（Turnaround Open Jaw,缩写为TOJ）是指去程的到达点和回程的出发点不同，但都在同一国内的航程，即缺口两端都在折返国内。
例：PEK－NRT/OSA－PEKc.双缺口程（Single Open Jaw,缩写为SOJ）是指去程的出发点和回程的到达点不同，但都在始发国内；并且去程的到达点和回程的出发点也不同，但都在折返国内的航程。
例：PEK－NRT/OSA－PVG13、航程中的客票点：是指在旅客客票的航程栏中开列的所有各点。
包括航程的始发点、终点、中途分程点和中转衔接点。
14、航程的始发点：是指在客票中列明的整个航程最初的出发地点。
15、航程的终点：是指在客票中列明的整个航程最终的到达地点。
16、门户点（出发门户城市/到达门户城市）：(gateway)针对一个航线中的到达的城市和国内出港的城市。
如果有多条航线就有多个门户点。
Eg.如果销售从北京去美国的CA 机票，那么LAX（洛杉矶），SFO（旧金山），均为CA 的门户点。
同理，如果销售美国飞往中国CA 的机票，那么PEK（北京）SHA（上海）是位门户点。
17、ZONE:就是一个区（城市组），它经过门户点。
门户点到这个区的每个城市的票价都是一样的18、中途分程：是指旅客在航程中的某一中间点中断旅行，并且停留时间超过24 小时的情况。
19、中转衔接：转机的另一种说法。
20、转机：是指因旅行衔接的需要，旅客在航程中的某一中间点转换航班，并且衔接时间不超过24 小时的情况。
21、代码共享航班：A 航空公司从B 航空公司购买座位进行销售，挂的是A 航空公司的牌，实际承运人是B 航空公司22、重新订座：有些外航不能重复预定，因此PNR 被NO 之后以后，原来的旅客要再次预定，就需要重新订座。
23、PNR:Passager Name Record，乘客姓名记录信息。
24、ICS 与CRS:ICS:航空公司系统CRS:代理人系统25、客票填开：打票。
26、RQ 票：座位未确定。
27、票价类别：经济舱票价，商务舱，还是头等舱的票价28、客票签注：EI 项，限制条件29、承运人：乘坐的是那个航空公司的飞机，哪个航空公司就是承运人。
30、OPEN 票:指往返票回程不定日期，回程机票上标记为OPEN 字样的机票。
未订妥乘机日期的机票为OPEN 票。
31、保险：①按时间②按航段：飞机落地保险过期。
32、代理：①非自有代理：与ET 是两个独立的经济体，传真是他们之间的契约。
②半自有代理：也发传真（先斩后奏型），传真是出票后补发的。
③自有代理：面对面的，不用发传真。
33、最短停留时间与最长停留时间：eg：停留时间为3—14 天，那么我必须停留足够3 天且不超过14 天机票有效。
3 天就是最短停留时间，14 天就是最长停留时间34、ADD-ON：主承运航空公司和国航按照比例分摊价格进行的联运。
35、SPA:主承运航空公司和外航按照比例分摊价格进行的联运36、1/2RT: 在运价文件允许组合的情况下，不同运价，不同舱位，不同城市，不同季节进行组合，其价格构成是两个价格相加除以2 Eg.举个例子：有两个或两个以上的国航国际或地区航段，则绝大部分情况都是可以使用1/2RT组合价格的：当国航国际或地区航段所在的票价计算组使用1/2RT 票面价格时，则销售价格用1/2RT 组合：SHA-CA-TYO//OSA-CA-SHA国航上海-东京的价格和大阪-上海的价格1/2RT37、代理净价：代理净价=航空公司指导销售价*（1－代理比例）。
38、指导销售价：航空公司给的销售价格。
39、代理比例：代理商卖一张票航空公司提供的利润率。
40、税费：机场建设费，安检，燃油附加等。
41、Q 值：（香港）离境税。
Q 值* ROE=离境税人民币金额42、Z 值：航空公司给ET 的，Z 值是不固定的，利润=代理费+Z 值。
43、ROE:国际汇率（航空公司国际兑换率）≈美元。
44、FCNY:Fare CNY 为公布票价。
45、SCNY:Sell CNY 为销售价，是公布票价打折后的结果。
46、TCNY:Tax CNY 为税费总额。
47、TCNY:Total CNY 为税项和票面的总和。
48、NUC:总和，FCNY=NUC*ROE。
BT票面BT是BULK TICKET的缩写,和IT票其实是一样的,机票都是作为包价旅游的一部分,所以无法独立提供票面价,客人无法知道票面价格.PNR PNR是旅客订座记录，即PASSAGER NAME RECORD的缩写，它反映了旅客的航程，航班座位占用的数量，及旅客信息。
NUC NUC是计算运价的标准单位，NEUTRAL UNITS OF CONSTRUCTION，国际航空运价是以当地货币的形式公布,由于航程中经过不同的国家,仅用当地货币不能完成全部的运价计算,为了票价计算的合理性,国际航协制定了中间组合单位（NUC）.NON- END 不得签转其他航空公司RER 不得变更旅行路线REBxxx 更改出发日期需付xxx元人民币REFxxx 退票需付xxx元人民币手续费STU STUDENT 学生（乘客名称后出现）FFP 即Frequent Flyer Programme（常旅客奖励计划），是作为航空公司吸引常客及提供增值服务的一个重要途径。
1/2RT 1/2RT的意思是用來回票價的一半, 例如: TPE-HKG X MFM-TPE 此行程為一來回行程且為開口(SURFACE), 票價可用1/2 TPE-HKG-TPE + 1/2 TPE-MFM-TPE 組合起來就是TPE-HKG X MFM-TPE的票價, 請注意的是行程必須是一個RT來回程才可以用此方式, 若單程就不可以, 例如TPE-HKG-SIN 為OW單程則票價是TPE-HKG O/W + HKGSIN O/W 或TPE-SIN O/W 就不可以用1/2 TPE-HKG-TPE + 1/2 HKG-SIN-HKG了.CL,FARE,BASIS,NVB,NVA 座位等级\票价\客票类型\客票生效日期\有效截止日期.代码共享航班代码共享航班是航空公司之间合作的一种形式,如果该航线上的客源不足以用两个航班来承运的话,那么两个基地间的航空公司就会用代码共享来实现相互之间的合作. UMNR 无人陪伴儿童舱位BSP中性票BSP中性票由代理人销售，并通过国际航协指定的数据处理中心和清算银行进行结算和付款，从而避免了以往航空公司和代理人之间多种票证、多头结算、多次付款的复杂状况，为航空公司和代理人节约了大量开支，提高了工作效率和服务质量。
中国BSP成立于1995年，目前是全球业务量最大的BSP。
截至2006年底，全世界共有79个BSP运作，覆盖了161个国家和地区，成员航空公司377家，非航空公司参与者57家。
1996年4月，中国民航总局召开会议，要求国内一二类机票代理人尽快使用BSP中性票为航空公司销售。
随后，以国航为代表的21家航空公司也联合致信国内代理人，声称将收回本公司的机票，敦促他们尽快使用BSP中性票。