Adjective_Clauses形容词性从句

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名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句的语法知识点

名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句的语法知识点

在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、妥协、地址、方式等)。

以下是一些大体的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。

定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。

另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词以后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。

请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且老是放在名词之前来修饰名词。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,而且在定语从句中充当句子成份,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。

常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。

它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人who whom whose物which whichwhoseof which人、物that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。

例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。

整个英语语法体系

整个英语语法体系

整个英语语法体系英语语法体系非常复杂,需要花费很长时间学习和掌握。

在此,我列出了英语语法系统中的一些基本要素,仅供参考:1.词类(Part of Speech):英语单词被归为若干个词类,如名词(Noun)、动词(Verb)、形容词(Adjective)、副词(Adverb)、介词(Preposition)、冠词(Article)、代词(Pronoun)、连词(Conjunction)、感叹词(Interjection)等等。

2.句子构成:英语句子通常由主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)组成,主语是句子的主要内容,而谓语则表示主语所做的动作或状态。

3.名词性从句(Noun Clauses):名词性从句用来表示名词的功能,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语和表语。

4.形容词从句(Adjective Clauses):形容词从句用来修饰名词或代词,通常放在名词或代词的后面,用来进一步说明它们的特点。

5.副词从句(Adverb Clauses):副词从句用来修饰动词、形容词和副词,通常在主句中引导副词从句的词叫做连词。

6.介词短语(Prepositional Phrases):介词短语由介词和它所需的名词、代词或动名词组成。

7.动词时态(Verb Tenses):英语动词有多种时态,如一般现在时(Present Simple)、一般过去时(Past Simple)、现在进行时(Present Continuous)、过去进行时(Past Continuous)、现在完成时(Present Perfect)、过去完成时(Past Perfect)等等。

8.语态(Voice):语态指的是动作的承受者。

英语中有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。

9.修饰语(Modifiers):修饰语用来修饰名词、动词和其他词类,包括形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语等等。

英语八大从句类型例句

英语八大从句类型例句

英语八大从句类型例句含翻译1. 名词性从句(Noun Clause):- Example 1: What she said surprised everyone.Translation: 她说的话让每个人都感到惊讶。

- Example 2: Whether they will come is uncertain.Translation: 他们是否会来是不确定的。

2. 形容词性从句(Adjective Clause):- Example 1: The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.Translation: 那个坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹。

- Example 2: I like the book that you recommended.Translation: 我喜欢你推荐的那本书。

3. 副词性从句(Adverbial Clause):- Example 1: I will go to the party if I finish my work.Translation: 如果我完成工作,我将去参加聚会。

- Example 2: She sings well when she is happy.Translation: 她在开心时唱得很好。

4. 定语从句(Relative Clause):- Example 1: The person who called you is waiting outside.Translation: 给你打电话的人正在外面等着。

- Example 2: The house that we visited yesterday is beautiful.Translation: 我们昨天参观的房子很漂亮。

5. 时间状语从句(Time Adverbial Clause):- Example 1: We will start as soon as the rain stops.Translation: 一旦雨停,我们就会开始。

举例说明语法形式

举例说明语法形式

举例说明语法形式举例说明语法形式语法是一门学科,研究语言的结构和规律。

在语法中,语法形式指的是语言中每个句子的结构和组织方式。

通过研究语法形式,我们能够更好地理解语言的运作规则和表达方式。

本文将围绕举例说明语法形式展开论述,以便更好地向读者解释不同语法形式的概念和使用方法。

一、名词性结构名词性结构是句子中充当名词的短语,可以作主语、宾语、补语等。

以下是名词性结构的几种形式及其举例:1. 名词短语(NP):包括一个名词和相关的句子成分。

- 主语:The book is on the table.(该书在桌子上。

)- 宾语:I bought a new car.(我买了辆新车。

)- 补语:She is a teacher.(她是一名教师。

)2. 代词(Pronoun):用于代替名词的词语。

- 主语:She is my sister.(她是我的姐妹。

)- 宾语:I like him.(我喜欢他。

)- 补语:He is me.(他是我。

)3. 动名词短语(Gerund Phrase):以动名词为主要成分的短语。

- 主语:Shopping is my favorite activity.(购物是我最喜欢的活动。

)- 宾语:I enjoy swimming.(我喜欢游泳。

)- 补语:Her hobby is reading.(她的爱好是阅读。

)二、形容词性结构形容词性结构用来修饰名词或代词,描述其特征、品质或状态。

以下是形容词性结构的几种形式及其举例:1. 形容词短语(Adjective Phrase):包含一个形容词和修饰语。

- 修饰名词:She is wearing a beautiful dress.(她穿着一件漂亮的连衣裙。

)- 修饰代词:I am very happy.(我很开心。

)2. 形容词从句(Adjective Clause):用一个从句来修饰名词或代词。

- 修饰名词:The house that she bought is big.(她买的房子很大。

初中英语语法知识大全

初中英语语法知识大全

初中英语语法知识大全以下是初中英语语法知识的详细整理:1. 词类(Parts of Speech):- 名词(Nouns):表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念。

- 代词(Pronouns):代替名词的词语。

- 动词(Verbs):表示动作、状态或存在。

- 形容词(Adjectives):修饰名词或代词。

- 副词(Adverbs):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

- 介词(Prepositions):表示位置、方向、时间等关系。

- 连词(Conjunctions):连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。

- 冠词(Articles):限定名词的词语,包括不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。

2. 时态(Tenses):- 一般现在时(Simple Present):表示经常性或普遍真理。

- 一般过去时(Simple Past):表示过去发生的动作或状态。

- 一般将来时(Simple Future):表示将来要发生的动作或计划。

- 现在进行时(Present Continuous):表示现在正在进行的动作。

- 过去进行时(Past Continuous):表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

- 将来进行时(Future Continuous):表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。

- 现在完成时(Present Perfect):表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响。

- 过去完成时(Past Perfect):表示过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。

- 将来完成时(Future Perfect):表示将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。

3. 句子结构(Sentence Structure):- 主语(Subject):句子中执行动作或被描述的人或事物。

- 谓语(Predicate):句子中说明主语动作或状态的部分。

- 宾语(Object):句子中接受动作的人或事物。

- 定语(Attributive):修饰名词或代词的词语或短语。

定语从句 形容词性从句讲义

定语从句 形容词性从句讲义

Attributive Clauses 定语从句 (形容词性从句) Relative Clauses / Adjective ClausesI. 基本概念1)在复合句中,起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句,叫定语从句或叫形容词(性)从句。

2)定语从句修饰主句中的某一名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。

3)定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,被关系词代替的内容在定语从句中不再出现。

An architect is a person. An architect designs houses and buildings.An architect is a person (who designs houses and buildings).II. 引导定语从句的关系词1)关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2)关系副词:when, where, why3)关系代词或关系副词在句中的功能既引导从句,起连接主句与从句的作用;又指代主句中的先行词,并在定语从句中担任成分,如主、宾语、定语、状语或表语。

作宾语时,关系代词大多可省略4)关系代词如在从句中担任主语,则从句中的谓语动词由先行词的单复数决定具体功能见下表:关 who 代表人,作从句的主语(宾语)whom 代表人,作从句的宾语系 whose 代表人或物,作从句的定语that 代表人或物,作从句的主语,宾语,表语只引导限制性定语从句代 which 代表物,作从句的主语,宾语,可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句as 代表人或物,作从句的主语,宾语词关 when 其先行词是表示时间的词,作从句的时间状语系 where 其先行词是表示地点的词,作从句的地点状语副 why 其先行词是reason,作从句的原因状语词III. 关系代词的功能及句法作用A. who / whom / that指代人,在从句中作:作主语:例句:The man who phoned me last night is a writer. 作宾语:例句:This is the girl whom / that / who I met just now.This is the girl with whom I talked just now.This is the girl whom/ who/ that I talked with just now.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person whom she could turn to for help.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person that she could turn to for help.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person who she could turn to for help.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person( )she could turn to for help.注意点:1) 介词之后只能用whom。

九种英语主语从句

九种英语主语从句

九种英语主语从句英语中,主语从句是一种非常常见的从句结构。

它可以用作句子的主语,起到引出或说明整个句子的作用。

以下是九种常见的英语主语从句的类型及示例:1. 名词从句(Noun Clauses):名词从句作为主语,用于引出或说明某个事物或情况的真相、原因、目的等。

示例:- What he said is true.(他说的是对的。

)2. 代词从句(Pronoun Clauses):代词从句用一个代词作为主语,描述或说明某人或某事。

示例:- It's important that we finish the project on time.(我们按时完成项目非常重要。

)- Whoever wants to join the club can sign up here.(想加入俱乐部的人可以在这里报名。

)3. 形容词从句(Adjective Clauses):形容词从句用于修饰某个名词,作为主语起到描述或说明的作用。

示例:- What you just said is not relevant.(你刚才说的不相关。

)- Where he was born has always been a mystery.(他出生在哪里一直是个谜。

)4. 副词从句(Adverb Clauses):副词从句用于描述或说明一个动作或状态的条件、原因、时间、地点等。

示例:- When he arrives, we can start the meeting.(他一到,我们就可以开始会议。

)- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力研究,你会通过考试。

)5. 不定式从句(Infinitive Clauses):不定式从句用于说明一个动作的目的、结果等。

示例:- To win the game is our ultimate goal.(赢得比赛是我们的终极目标。

【英语】名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句的语法知识点

【英语】名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句的语法知识点

【关键字】英语在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。

以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。

定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。

另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。

请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。

常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。

它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which whichwhoseof which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。

例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。

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He is a man. He works at the grocery store. Without the second sentence, you couldn’t identify him.
Notice that a become the because the noun changes from indefinite to definite because of the identification.
Things to Remember
• The relative pronoun replaces the noun – don’t use it and the noun in the dependent clause.
– Example:
• The postcard is pretty. I bought the postcard. Incorrect: The postcard which I bought the postcard is pretty. Correct: The postcard which I bought is pretty.
Object Relative Pronouns
• Sometimes, the relative pronoun will replace the object in the dependent clause or the object of a preposition. • To connect this type of clause, the relative pronoun must be moved to the front of the clause – in front of the subject.
Things to Remember
• Formal written English: In formal, academic English in adjective clauses with object relative pronouns, for people, we use whom. In adjective clauses with an object of a preposition, bring the preposition forward and use whom or which. – Example: Jack London, whom I admire, wrote a lot of short stories.
• The relative pronoun must be next to the word it describes.
– Example:
• Incorrect: The sharks opened their mouths while they swam by the boat which were full of sharp teeth. • Correct: The sharks opened their mouths which were full of sharp teeth while they swam by the boat.
Identifying vs. Non-Identifying
• Think about if a listener or reader would be able to identify the noun without the adjective clause. Example: Maria, who works as a physician’s assistant, enjoys her job.
Adjective Clauses
Explanation and Practice
What is an Adjective?
• An Adjective describes a noun.
Remember nouns can either be subjects, objects or objects of prepositions.
Subject Relative Pronouns
Subject Relative Pronouns • People: Who or That • Things or Animals: Which or That • Possessive: Whose Examples: • Route 66 is a long road which goes from Chicago to California.
The postcard shows a beautiful vista of the Grecian coastline. I bought the postcard.
The postcard which I bought shows a beautiful vista of the Grecian coastline.
• In which sentence is it clear that I have more than one sister?
•What about between these two sentences?
•He looked in the refrigerator, and he threw away the food which was rotten. •He looked in the refrigerator, and he threw away the food, which was rotten.
What is an Adjective Clause?
Examples:
Route 66 is a long road. This road goes from Chicago to California.
Route 66 is a long road that goes from Chicago to California.
• Rather than: Jack London, who I admire, wrote a lot of short stories.
– Example: The presidency is the position to which many politicians aspire.
• Rather than: The presidency is the position that many politicians aspire to.
Examples: Object Relative Pronouns The postcard shows a beautiful vista of the Grecian coastline. I bought the postcard. The postcard which I bought shows a beautiful vista of the Grecian coastline.
In which sentence is all of the food in the refrigerator rotten?
Байду номын сангаас
Identifying vs. Non-Identifying
• Think about if a listener or reader would be able to identify the noun without the adjective clause. Example: He is the man who works at the grocery store. This is essential (identifying) information. Think about it as two sentences.
Things to Remember
• Can you understand a difference between these two sentences? – My sister, who lives in Bel Air, has three children. – My sister who lives in Bel Air has three children.
This is extra (non-identifying) information. Think about it as two sentences.
Maria enjoys her job. Maria works as a physician’s assistant.
You know her name from the first sentence. This is enough to identify her.
Which words are adjectives? unkind fast value careless silently old
What is an Adjective Clause?
• An Adjective clause is a dependent clause (dependent word + subject and verb) that describes a noun. • You can imagine that an adjective clause is taking two sentences about the same noun and making them into one sentence.
Things to Remember
• You must understand whether or not the dependent clause is essential information or extra information in the understanding of the noun. This impacts the meaning and the punctuation. • Essential clauses are also called identifying or restrictive. We DO NOT use commas with these clauses. • Extra clauses are also called non-identifying or non-restrictive. WE MUST use commas with these clauses. We cannot use the relative pronoun that.
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