Unit 20课后大讲义联系

HumourSpeakingA journalist(J) is interviewing a comedian (C) about his new show.J:What do you think is the most important thing in your job?C:I have to make people laugh,but I also want them to think about our life.J:Are your shows for everybody?C:Of course,I would like to reach a wide audience,though I mostly have adults in mind.Still,I do not think everybody will find my kind of humour funny.J:How do you make your audience laugh?C:There are many ways to make people laugh.Jokes about speaking a foreign language,German for example,always work. My next show will have a part in which I act the role of a scientist,the way that a scientist walks and talks.J:And how do you make people think about life?C:In the middle of the show,I plan to sing a song.It's a bitter sweet song.It makes people think about life.I think it's going to be the greatest moment in the show.Reading Laughing MatterComedies are theater plays that make people laugh.The writers of comediesoften use different techniques to make their audiences laugh.Cross-dressing men or women often appear on the stage.Dustin Hoffman is famous for his role acting as a woman.Funny plays often have characters that are stereotypes of nationalitiesor people doing certain jobs.The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody's way of dressingor telling an amusing story.Acting out stereotypes of people from different countries can be very funny. It often makes people roar with laughter about themselves.It sounds funny to hear foreigners speak with an accent.Word play is a way to create fun in comedies.Shakespeare's plays made people in the sixteenth century laugh loudly.But to us his plays are not very funnybecause the meaning of words in English has changed.Today students of English,even if English is their mother tongue,often cannot understand his jokes.Clowns also make people laugh.They often act alone or as a pair and make a different kind of fun.Clowns often don't use any words at all.It is their clothes,make-up and the way they walk that makes people laugh. Some people think clowns are only funny for children.Actually they can help people forget their problems,at least for a short moment.Another type of people whose job is to make people laugh are comedians. They often work alone or as a pair.Unlike clowns,comedians' clothes are usually not very strange.Although body language and their face are important in their shows,they do not use the make-up that clowns use.Comedians may act out a situation during their shows.We call that a sketch,but usually,their shows don't look like comedies.What comedians have in common with the players in a comedyis their way of playing with words.Comedians make people laugh,but also think about life.At one moment in a show,you can hear the audience laughing loudly.A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedian's words.Typical for China is the crosstalk show,where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.A crosstalk show has two speakers making many jokes and funny conversations. They may also dress up a littleor act out small sketches in front of the laughing audience.Comedians of all times and many countrieshave a long tradition of this type of comedy.Dating back to the Qin Dynasty(221-207BC),the traditional crosstalk shows,or xiangsheng shows,have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries. Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken languageto create a rapid flow of fun.Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.To appreciate the jokes of crosstalk artists,listeners have to know very well what the comedians are talking about.If you are not fluent in Chinese,you will not catch all of it.Perhaps that is the reasonwhy few foreigners know about this Chinese art form. INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingWE'VE ALREADY MET,HA VEN'T WE?The story of how I got my new job,and came to be on such good terms with my boss is a funny one.It happened like this:I was cycling along a street on my way to the interview.A yellow car passed me and suddenly cut in right in front of me,as there was another car coming in the other direction.I had to brake hard and I hit another cyclist.We both fell,but fortunately neither of us was hurt.I was extremely angry!I saw that a little further up the road the traffic lights had turned red.I cycled as fast as I couldand saw that the driver in the yellow car was waiting at the red light.I was still so angry that I went up to tell him what I thought of him.I cycled in front of him,got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his carso that he couldn't drive off.Then I told him what a bad driver I thought he was.I told him that he had knocked two people off their bicyclesand had nearly caused a bad accident.I told him that he was a danger to other people on the road.I went on shouting at him while everyone was looking at him.His face became red.When the light turned green,I said to him,"Don't be so stupid in the future Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.Then I picked up my bicycle and rode on.Fortunately,I was on time for the interview.It was an important job,and I wanted the job very much.I walked into the room where three people were waiting to interview me. There was a woman who was the boss of the office in which I wanted to work. There was a man with whom I would have to work togetherand finally the manager of the company-the driver of the yellow car!We looked at each other for a moment in great surprise and total silence.What should I do now?I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!I laughed and said,"Yes,we've already met,haven't we?I remember that the last time we met I did most of the talking,so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time.For a moment I saw him thinking.Then he realized that I was not going to say anything about his bad driving.The interview went very well.I told the company about my work experienceand answered their questions as well as I could.Two days later I received a letter offering me the job.I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. Now I make jokes about it and say to everyonethat I dare tell my manager exactly what I think of him.Work bookUnit 20 HumourIntegrating skillsReadingTHE TWO OLD FRIENDSTwo old friends were living in one house;One found a muffin,the other caught a mouse.Said he who found the muffin to him who caught the mouse, "This happens just in time!For we've nothing in the house, "Except a piece of lemon and a teaspoonful of honey,"And what to do for dinner-since we haven't any money? "What can we expect if we haven't any dinner?"We'll lose our teeth and hair and keep on growing thinner! Said he who caught the mouse to him who found the muffin. "We might cook this little mouse,if only we had some stuffin'! "With some sage and a little onion,we could do extremely well, "But how to get that stuffin' is difficult to tell!"Those two old friends ran quickly to the townAnd asked for sage and onions while they walked up and down; They borrowed two large onions,but no sage was to be foundIn the shops,or in the market ,or all the gardens around.But someone said,"A hill there is ,a little to the west,"And to its top a narrow path,you will not need a rest;"And there among the rocks lives an ancient sage,"A wise old man,who reads all day long only a single page. "Climb up,and seize him by his legs!reading as he sits,"And pull him down,and chop him into bits!"Then mix him with your onion,cut up also very small,"And your stuffin'will be ready and very good,after all."Those two old friends without loss of timeThe mountain at once began to climb;And at the top,among the rocks,and with a serious look,They saw that sage,reading a very,very thick book."You wise old sage!"they cried aloud,"Your book you've read enough in! We wish to chop you into bits to mix you in our stuffin'!But the old wise sage looked calmly up,stopped reading and then shook, And hit the two friends' hairy heads with the big and heavy book;And over mountain top and side they rolled all the way down,They rolled,and never stopped in street or field or town,And when they reached their house,they found(besides their missing stuffin',) The mouse had fled,and before doing that,had eaten up the muffin.They left their home without a word through the back door,And from that hour those friends were never heard of more.幽默说一个记者正在就一位喜剧演员的新剧目对他进行采访.你认为工作中最重要的是什么?我必须让人们笑但是我也想让他们想一想我们的生活.你们的演出面对所有人吗?当然,我想赢得广泛的观众,虽然我内心更多的是考虑成年观众.然而,我认为不是所有的人都觉得我幽默可笑你怎么样使你的观众发笑.有很多方式可以使观众笑.可以讲外语的笑话,譬如德语,就经常起作用在我的下一场演出中,我将演一个科学家,要模仿科学家走路和说话的样子.你怎么样让人们思考生活?在节目的中间,我将唱一首歌.那是一支让人含泪也让人笑的歌.它使人们思考生活. 我认为它将成为演出的高潮.阅读笑的问题喜剧是引人发笑的舞台.喜剧作家常常使用多种手法使观众开怀大笑.穿着异性服装的男男女女常常出现在舞台上.达斯汀.霍夫曼就是以成功地扮演妇女而著名的.滑稽剧中有些模式化的形象或从事某种工作的人物形象.演员逗我们笑,靠的是拿别人的着装开玩笑或是讲个逗乐的故事.表演老套人们从不同的国家是非常滑稽的被取笑的人自己也常常觉得自己可笑.它喜欢带着外国口音有趣的讲话.喜剧中也会借助于活动来表演,莎士比亚的戏剧使得16世纪的人开怀大笑但对我们而言,并无趣味因为英语中的词义已经发生了变化如今,学习英语的学生,即使英语是母语,常常也难以理解莎士比亚的笑话.丑角演员也会使人发笑他们常常独自表演,也可结伴表演,制造也一种别具一格的乐趣.丑角演员通常一句话也不说,逗人们笑的是他们的衣着,装扮和步态.有人以为丑角只对儿童而言滑稽.实际上,他们可以帮助人们忘掉烦恼,哪怕一时另有一种类型的人,其工作也是使人发笑,他们便是喜剧演员.他们常常是一个独自表演或联袂演出.与丑角不同,喜剧演员的衣服通常并不奇怪.尽管表演中他们体态语和面部表情是很重要但他们不使用丑角演员所用的装扮.喜剧演员在演出中会营造出一种气氛.我们称之为"绝活".但是,通常情况下,他们的演出看上去并不像喜剧喜剧演员和喜剧中的演员的共同点是使用话语表演.喜剧演员使人发笑,同时也使人思索生活在演出中,你一会儿会听到观众的哄堂大笑.一会儿大家都鸦雀无言聆听并思考着喜剧演员的台词在中国,典型的喜剧形式是相声表演.两个喜剧演员通过语言游戏使观众愉悦.相声表演有两个喜剧演员参与,他们开很多玩笑,有许多有趣的对话他们还会改变一下装扮或来上一段绝活.在捧腹大笑的观众面前很多国家各个时期的滑稽演员都采用了这种具有悠久传统的喜剧形式追溯到秦朝(公元221-207年)传统的相声表演已使全中国人笑了千年技艺娴熟的艺术家们充分挖掘口头语言的丰富内涵创造出一种快捷的脱口而出的娱乐形式.他们的语言形式包括节奏,韵律以及绕口令这些使他们经常赢得观众的掌声为了充分理解和欣赏相声艺术家的玩笑听众必须熟知喜剧中的谈话内容如果你不精汉语,你将不可能领会他所表达的或许这就是原因只有为数极少的外国人了解这种历史悠久的中国艺术. 综合技能读,写我们见过,对吗?这故事说的是我怎么样得到这份新工作的.事情是这样发生的我骑着自行车在通过面试地点的路上一辆黄色轿车从我身边超车,突然又停了下来因为对面正好有一辆车开过来了.我只好急刹车,碰着了另一位骑车人.我们俩都倒下来了,所幸两人都没有受伤.我恼火极了我看到前不远的路口红灯亮了.我以最快的速度骑过去我看到黄色轿车里的司机正在红灯的地方等我仍然满腔怒火,便决定把我对他的看法告诉他.我骑到汽车前面,下了车,把车放倒在车头前面的路上这样汽车就开不走了然后我对他说,他这个司机太蹩脚了.我告诉他,他把两个骑自行车的人撞倒了,差点儿出了事故我告诉他,他对路上别人构成了危险我继续不断冲他嚷嚷,而大家都瞧着他.他的脸变得通红当绿灯亮时,我对他说"以后不要做这种蠢事了,"开车小心点,让人家多活几年说完后我扶起自行车,继续往前骑幸运的是,我及时赶上了面试.这次面试是为了一份很重要的工作,而我又非常想得到它我走进面试室,三位要对我进行面试的人在那儿等着我有一位妇女,是我去工作的那个部门的老板还有一位是将来的同事最后一位是公司的经理,就是那位黄色轿车的司机好一会儿,我们面面相觑沉默不语现在该怎么办呢?我决定把整个事情当作是开了一次玩笑我笑着说道"对了,我们早就认识了,不是吗?我记得我们上次见面时,主要说话的是我"因此,这次也许我该让你来讲话了.我看他慎重地思考了片刻后来他意识到我不打算给别人讲述任何事他那蹩脚的驾驶技术面试非常顺利我向他公司谈了我的工作经历并且可能老实地回答了他们的问题两天后我收到他们的来信,同意把这个职位给我我很高兴,经理没有对我发怒因为我的粗暴无礼现在我常常对大家开玩笑说,我敢对经理直言我对他的看法练习第20单元幽默综合技能阅读二位老朋友这二位老朋友是住在同一间房子里一个发现松糕,另一个捉到老鼠发现松糕的人告诉他谁捉到了老鼠这是刚才发生的!我们没有任何东西在这房子里除了一块柠檬和一茶匙蜂蜜自从我们没有钱，那拿什么来做晚餐呢？如果我们没有了晚餐,那还期望什么呢？"我们失去了牙齿和头发让我们继续瘦下去吧！捉到老鼠的人对他说谁发现了松糕我们只要有一些填料,就可以煮这个小老鼠加些鼠尾草和一点洋葱,我们可以做非常捧但该怎么样得到那填料，这很难说这二位老朋友迅速跑出这城镇他们到处寻找鼠尾草和洋葱他们借来二个大洋葱但没有找到鼠尾草商店或市场或所有的花园有人说"那有个小山,西边也有个,到了山顶陕窄的小路上,你将不能停下来一颗老的鼠尾草在那岩石之间居住一位博学的老人,整天时间仅读了一页爬上去,抓住他的腿推他下去,砍下一少量然后把它与你的洋葱混合.砌得非常碎之后你的填料就准备得非常好.这二位老朋友没有浪费时间立该开始跑上这座山在山顶,很认真去看这岩石间.他们看到了这鼠尾草,正在读一本非常非常厚的书博学的鼠尾草!他们大声哭了,"你的书,你已读够了" "我们请求你砍下少量来合成我们的填料但这博学老鼠尾草看起来很平静,停止读然后震动用一本又大又重的书打伤这二位老朋友的头他们从山顶上滚下来了，他们滚动着，在街道、田野、城镇从没有停下当他们到达他们的房子时，他们发现除了他们缺少的填料老鼠已经逃跑了，走之前把松饼吃光了。