四六级专项训练之改错
四六级历年改错真题.doc
改错: 历年全真试题及参考答案(00.1-06.12)00.1Until the very latest moment of his existence, manhas been bound to the planet on which he originated anddeveloped. Now he had the capability to leave that planet S1._______and move out into the universe to those worlds which hehas known previously only directly. Men have explored S2._______parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around anotherplanet and possibly within the decade will land into anotherS3._______planet and explore it. Can we be toobold as toS4._______suggest that we may be able to colonize other planetS5._______within the not - too - distant future ? Some have advocatedsuch a procedure as a solution to the populationproblem: ship the excess people off to the moon. Butwe must keep in head the billions of dollars we mightS6._______spend in carrying out the project. To maintain theearth's population at its present level, we would haveto blast off into space 7,500 people every hour ofevery day of the year.Why are we spending so littlemoney on spaceS7._______exploration ? Consider the greatneed for improvingS8._______many aspects of the global environment, one is surelyjustified in his concern for the money and resourcesthat they are poured into the space exploration efforts.S9._______But perhaps we should look at both sides of thecoin before arriving hasty conclusions.S10._______00.6When you start talking about good and bad mannersyou immediately start meetingdifficulties. Manypeople just cannot agree what they mean. We asked alady, who replied that she thought you could tell awell-mannered person on the way they occupied the S1._______space around them—for example, when such a personwalks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of S2._______others. Such people never bump into other people.However, a second person thought that this wasmore a question of civilized behavior as good manners. S3._______Instead, this other person told us a story, it heS4._______said was quite well known, about an American whohad been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countriesS5._______of the Middle East. The American hasn't beenS6._______told very much about the kind of food he mightexpect. If he had known about American food, heS7._______might have behaved better.Immediately before him was a very flat piece ofbread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin (餐巾).S8._______Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that itfalls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had beenS9._______watching, said of nothing, but immediately copiedS10._______the action of his guest.And that, said this second person, was a fineexample of good manners.01.6More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of anyother disease caused by a single agent. This has probablybeen the case in quite a while. During the early stagesof S1. ________the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh S2.________deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the S3. ________ disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the S4. ________ global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death andinfection in the Europe and America dropped steadily S5. ________through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened thetrend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowedto be imported to poor countries.Medicalresearchers S 6. ________declared victory and withdrew.They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of S7. ________ infections and deaths started to pick up again around theworld. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in S8. ________ many places where it had never been away, it grew better. S9. ________The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7billion people (a third of the earth's population) sufferfrom tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate wasfalling, population growth kept the number of clinicalcases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around S10. ________3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor countries.02.1Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of huntingbehavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a S1.________member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned intoa harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim isinaccurate S2.________and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing hisprey. S3._________To understand how thistransformation has taken placewemust briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over aS4.________million year evolving asco-operative hunters. Theirvery survivalS5._______depended on success in thehunting-field. Under thispressure their wholeway of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became S6.________chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.They co-operate as skillfulmale-group attackers.S7.________Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely longS8.________formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new S9._______use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticatingtheir prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. Therisks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10._______02.6A great many cities are experiencing difficulties whichare nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not foundnew one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poorS1._________immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperityS2._________which are then often disappointing. There are backward townson the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there wereS3._________on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. DescriptionsS4._________written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there,S5._________are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today －theS6._________poor can still be numbered in millions.The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as aS7._________promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural povertyS8._________and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of theS9._________country as a Garden of Eden, which,a few generations late,S10._________sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.03.6The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm thathas recognized the need for change and done something aboutit. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversityof the communities to which they provide information.It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or riskS1._______losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support.Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racialS2.________minorities, the paper has put into place policies andprocedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. TheS3._______underlying reason for the change is that for information to befair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by theS4._________same kind of population that reads it.A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times'S5.________content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff aboutdiversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a contentS6.________audit(审查) that evaluates thefrequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs.S7._________Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionatenumber of negative articles. The audit results from S8.________improvement in the frequency of majority representation and S9.________their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a S10._______result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.The diversity training and content audits helped the SeattleTimes Company to win the PersonnelJournal Optimal Awardfor excellence in managing change.03.9"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitudein the United States. Whether the reality of life in the familyhouse is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great S1.________importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of theAmerican West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one'sS2.________family, and started a farm. Thesesmall households were portraits of S3.________independence: the entirefamily--mother, father, children, evengrandparents—live in a small house and working together to supportS4.________each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5.________cooperation and hard work.Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth S6.________ century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, forS7.________example, they dreamed of buyinghouses and starting families. But there S8.________was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but itS9.________satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of S10.________ their way of life.03.12Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle of Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecastershave being warning that worldwide famine was just around the S1________next corner. The fast-growingpopulation's demand for food,they warned, would soon exceed their supply, leading to S2________widespread food shortages and starvation.But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risensteadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots S3________like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, S4________the world's food crisis has remained just around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population S5________doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billionpeople will not be easy for politics,economic and environmental S6________reasons. Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, S7________more fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, rice S8________experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems S9_________and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason for hope. S10________04.6Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - thelearned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterizea population or society, include the expression of these S1._______patterns in material things. Culture is compose of non-material S2._______culture -abstract creations like values, beliefs, customsand institutional arrangements and material culture -physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. S3._______In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everythingS4._______we make. In ordinary speech, a person of culture isthe individual can speak another language - the person who S5._______is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or S6._______history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured,because of culture is the common world of experience we S7._______share with other members of our group.Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a S8._______kind of map for relating to others. Consider how you findyour way about social life. How doyou know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person whosmiles or laugh at you? S9._______Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, S10._______ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a persons culture, we can understandand even predict a good deal of his behavior.05.1The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-yearcampaign to remove leprosy (麻风病) as a world healthproblem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of theWHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world hasS1._______been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says S2._______efforts are continuing to complete end the disease. S3._______Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid fromthe nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and S4._______nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs. S5.________In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy. The WHO, governments ofcountries most affected by the disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign.This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they S6._______are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment.Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a diseasethat requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This S7._______modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,depend on the form of the disease. The treatment combines S8.________several drugs taken daily or once a month. The WHO hasgiven multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five S9.________years. The members of the alliance against leprosy plan totarget the countries which still threatened by leprosy. Among S10_______the estimated 600,000 victims around the world, the WHObelieves about 70% are in India. The disease also remains a problem in Africa and South America.05.12Every week hundreds of CVs(简历) land on our desks.We’ve seen it all: CVs printed on pink paper, CVs that are 10pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph. AS1 ________good CV is your passport to an interview and ,ultimate , to S2________the job you want.Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CVcould mean acceptance, reg ardless of what’s in it. S3_______Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile. S4_______Print your CV on good-quality white paper.CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper willstand out upon all the wrong reasons.S5_______Get someone to check for spelling and grammaticalerrors, because a spell-checker will pick up every S6________mistake. CVs with errors will be rejected－it showsthat yo u don’t pay attention to detail.Restrict your self to one or two pages, andlisting any publications or referees on a separate sheet. S7_______If you are sending your CV electronically, check theformatting by sending it to yourself first. keep up S8_______the format simple.Do not send a photo unless specifically requested. Ifyou have to send on ,make sure it is one taking in aS9________professional setting, rather than a holiday snap.Getting the presentation right is just the first step. Whatabout the content? The Rule here is to keep it factual andtruthful-exaggerations usually get find out. And remember S10_______to tailor your CV to each different job.06.6Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems werea mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too manykids passed through school without master the printed page. S1_______Some were treated as mentallydeficient; many were left functionally illiterate(文盲的), unable to ever meet their potential. But in the last several years, there’s been arevolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. S2_______Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques towatch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, S3_______faulty writing in the brain－not lazy, stupidity or a poor home S4________environmen t. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia S5________is largely inherited. It is nowconsidered a chronic problemfor some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have alsodiscarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics areboys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well－S6________and not getting help.At same time, educational researchers have come up S7________with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are havingtrouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of S8________frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the message to parents that theyshould be on the alert for thefirst signs of potential problems. It’s an urgent miss ion. Mass literacy is a relative new S9________social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to begood readers in order to earn a living. But in the InformationAge, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and S10________understand increasingly complex material.06.12老六级The most important starting point for improving the understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequatescientific education at school. Public attitude towardsscience owe much the way science is taught in these S1________institutions. Today, school is what most people come into S2________contact with a formal instruction and explanation of sciencefor the first time, at least in a systematic way. It is at thispoint which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. S3________what is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life. Understanding the original of the negative attitudes S4________towards science may help us to modify them. Most educationsystem neglect exploration, understanding and reflection. S5________Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, S6________children memorize processes such as mathematical formulasor the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. The S7________task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makeslearning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely S8________empirical approach, which consists of observation anddescription, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete.There is therefore a need for resources and methods ofteaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in S9________an enjoyable way. Science should not only be ‘fun’ in thesame way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’----a deepfeeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative S10________engagement.06年12月新六级The National Endowment for the Arts recently releasedthe results of its “Reading at Risk” survey, which describedthe movement of the American public away from books and literature and toward televisionand electronic media.According to the survey, “reading is on the decline on every S1________region, within every ethnic group, and at every educational level.”The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie S2________vote, upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore andlibrary records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. TheHouse proposal would have barred the federal governmentfrom demand library records, reading lists, book customer S3________lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations. These two events are completely unrelated to, yet theyS4________echo each other in the message they send about the place ofbooks and reading in American culture. At the heartof the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic S5________system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyzetexts and writing clearly. All of these are skills promoted by S6________reading and discussing books and literature. At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of ourcountry are unconsciously sending the message that readingmay be connected to desirable activities that might S7________undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish.Our culture’s decline in reading begin well before the S8________existence of the Patriot Act. During the 1980s’ culture wars,school systems across the country pulled some books fromlibrary shelves because its content was deemed by parents S9________and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage andS10________is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of theAmerican public.参考答案：00.1S1. had→has S2.directly→indi rectlyS3. into→on S4. too→soS5.plant→planet s / worldsS6.head→mind S7.little→much S8.Consider→Co nsideringS9. they→/S10. (arriving)∧(h asty)→at00.6S1. on→byS2.unaware→aw areS3. as→thanS4. it→which S5. at→inS6.hasn't→hadn' tS7.American→Ar abS8. as→likeS9. falls→fell S10. of→/01.6S1. in→forS2. seventh→sev enS3.were→wasS4.now→thenS5. the→/S6.imported→ex portedS7.are→wereS8. (tuberculosis)∧(vanished)→hadS9.better→wors eS10.cons tantly→c onstant02.1S1.Viewing→Vie wedS2. inaccurate→a ccurate S3.(,)∧(enjoys)→heS4. up→/S5.year→yearsS6. if→/S7.co-operate→c o-operated S8.when→after S9.were→wasS10.farming→hunting02.6S1.(found)∧(new )→aS2.filling→filled S3. though→/ S4.This→WhatS5.was→wereS6.dissimilar→si milarS7. lies→lieS8.that→whichS9. it→them S10.late→later03.6S1.it→theyS2.percents→percentS3.maintain→maintainingS4.subjective→objectiveS5.meets→m eetS6.an→/S7.woman→w omenS8.from→inS9.majority→minorityS10.with→as03.9S1. no→notS2.place→land S3.started→star tS4.working→wor kS5.anyone→ever yoneS6. but→/S7.before→after S8. But→So S9. it→they S10. (house)∧(the)→as03.12S1.being→been S2. their→its S3.relative→rela tivelyS4.good→badS5. as→/S6.politics→polit ical S7. by→forS8.double→doub ledS9.few→moreS10.(as)∧(reason)→the04.6S1.include→incl udingS2.compose→composedS3.object→objec tsS4. or→and S5. (individual)∧(can)→whoS6.unfamiliar→fa miliarS7. of→/S8. essentially→essential S9.laugh→laugh sS10. by→with05.1S1. a→theS2. of→byS3.complete→co mpletelyS4.effects→affe ctsS5. for→toS6. (even) ∧(they)→if/tho ughS7.that→whatS8.depend→dep endingS9.freely→freeS10. (which)∧(still)→are05.12S1. (in)∧(first)→theS2.ultimate→ulti matelyS3. acceptance→unacceptanc eS4.end→ending S5. upon→/S6. (will)∧(pick)→notS7.listing→lis tS8.up→/S9.taking→ta kenS10.find→fou nd06.6S1master→mast eringS2that→which S3 an→/S4lazy→lazines sS5which→that S6affecting→aff ectedS7 (at)∧(same)→the S8year→yearsS9relative→rela tivelyS10with→without06.12老S1.(much)∧(the)→toS2.what→wh ereS3.which→th atS4.original→o riginS5.system→s ystemsS6.by→inS7.it→them S8.efficient→inefficientS9.facilitates →facilitateS10.possibly →possible06.12新S1. on→inS2. (report)∧(released)→w asS3.demand→de mandingS4. to→/。
改错专项练习(2)
PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)Directions: The following passage contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.6.Whenever you see the old film, even on made as earlyas ten years before, you can't help being struckedby the appearance of the woman taking part. Theirhair-styles and make-up look dated; their shirts lookeither too long nor too short; their general appearanceis, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part, onthe other hand, are clearly recognizable. There issomething about their appearance to suggest they belongto an entirely different age. This illusion is createdby changed fashions. Over the years, the greatmajority of men has successfully resisted all attemptsto make them to change their style of dress. Thesame cannot be said for women. Each year a fewso-call top designers in Paris and London lay downon the law and women the whole world over run toobey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. Sometimes they decide arbitrarily that skirts will be short and waists will be height; hipsare in and buttons are out.7.When Zhou liang answered the doorbell recently, he was rather astonished to see what he had purchased on the Internet only two days before sitting on his doorstep."I never expected to get my books so quickly," he told Business weekly.Li Qiang, an employee of a Beijing-based electronics companyshared Zhou's experience. He said online shopping was very goodand always offered comparatively lower prices than ordinary retailer stores.Along with China's rapidly developing IT industry, onlineshopping is attracting the interest of more and more people.Wang Juntao, general manager of the Electronic Business Departmentof Beijing-based Federal Software Co Ltd, said onlineshopping had tremendous market potential giving China's large population.In mid-March, Wang's company established an online shoppingcenter for Internet surfers.More than 14,000 kinds of goods are available on the Federalwebsite, including computers, software, books and daily necessity.Its online service cover 13 cities in China including Beijing,Shanghai and Nanjing. "We have achieved great success in thethree months since we launched the service," he said.Figures from the company show that by mid-June, the salesvolume of the website reached more than 2 million Yuan (US'240,000).Daily visitors to the site surged from 10,000 in Marchto30,000 in June. With the increase in the number of China'sInternet users, that figure is likely to multiple," Wang said.Industry experts say that because of the lack of appropriatepayment tools, online shopping is still at a primitive stage.The Federal site is reportedly the first Chinese website thatcombines online shopping with online payment.Sources from the company say that customers can use creditcards from several banks including Bank of China and the Industrialand Commercial Bank of China."The application of online payment marks up a milestone forthe development of the online industry," Wand said.However, problems such as a limited pot of Internet users,comparatively high charges on Internet surfing and traditional viewson shopping have hindered the development of online shopping. "There is still a long way to go for us to become a competent online shopping company both in and outside China," Wang said. He said the company planned to invest 200 million Yuan (US' 24 million) on its shopping website by the end of 2000."We are going to seek cooperation with domestic and oversea companies to extend the variety of our online products," he said.8.The old-age paternalism of southern Canadians over Eskimoshas died more slowly in the rural villages where Eskimos have been more reluctant to voice their opinions aggressively. Thishas been a frustration in government officials trying to developlocal leadership among the Eskimos, however a blessing toother departments whose plans have been received withoutlocal obstruction. In rural areas the obligations of kinshipoften ran counter the best interests of the village and potentialleaders were restrained from making positive contributionsto the village council. More recently, therefore, the educatedEskimos have been voicing over the interests of those inthe rural areas. They are trying out to persuade the governmentto recognize the rights of full-time hunters, by protecting their territories from mining and oil prospectors, for example. The efforts of this active minority is percolating through to theremoter villages whose inhabitants are becoming increasingly vocal.Continuing change is inevitable but future development policymust recognize that most Eskimos retain much of its traditionaloutlook on life. New schemes should focus on resources that the Eskimos are used to handling, rather than enterprises such as Mining.9.As suburbs grew, businesses moved into the new areas. Large shopping centres containing a great kind ofstores changed consumer patterns. The number of these centers rose from eight in the end of World WarII to 3,840 in 1960.With easy parking and convenient evening time, customers could avoid city shoppingentirely.New highways created a better access to the suburbs andits shops. The Highway Act of 1956 provided '26,000 million, the largest public work expenditure in U.S.history, to build more than 64,000 kilometers of federal roads to link together all parts of the country. Television, consequently, had a powerful impact onsocial and economic patterns. Developing in the 1930s,it was not widely marketed until after the war. In 1946 the country had about fewer than 17,000 TV sets. Threeyears later, consumers were buying 250,000 sets a month, and by 1960 three-quarters of all families owned at least one set. In middle of the decade, the average familywatched television four to five hours a day. Americansof all ages grew exposed to increasingly sophisticatedadvertisements for products said to be necessary for the good life.10.The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have "lessmeaning", but in fact some grammarians have called them"empty" words as opposed in the "full" words of vocabulary. Butthis is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. Although aword like the is not the name of something as man is, it is veryfar away from being meaningless; there is a sharp difference inmeaning between "man is vile" and "the man is vile", yetthe is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning.Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in thelexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been "little words". But size is by no mean a good criterion fordistinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we considerthat we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart fromthis, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.。
六级改错
•
• • •
• •
增添 在文中两词间加“∧”号，表示有遗漏，然后在 横线上添入遗漏的词的正确形式。 总体而言，综合改错题的命题内容有如下三大方 面：（1）词汇用法（2）语法知识（3）篇章理解。 一、词汇用法错误 词汇错误不同于篇章理解错误，它一般不需要根 据整篇文章的主要内容和上下文的逻辑关系来进行分 析和思考。词汇错误常常局限在句子水平上，也就是 说，只看某一行或某一个句子就可以把这类错误挑出 来并对它们加以改正。 考生只有平时打下扎实的词汇基础，准确把握单 词的词性及词义，才能将词语错误辨别出来。词汇错 误主要包括词性错误、易混词误用和固定搭配错误。 二、改错题中的语法错误
改错题之常见错误归类
“改错的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。 改错题的主要错误类型有主谓不一致、时态和 语态错误、连接词误用、形容词与副词错误、 反义词误用、非谓语动词错误、关系代词错误、 介词错误、缺漏和赘述、句子结构等等。考生 在做改错题时，首先应通读短文，对文章有个 大致的了解。然后，仔细读出现10个错误的所 在行，一般来说，每个错误基本都可以归入上 述的某一个错误类型，看有没有出现语法错误 和词汇错误。如果通过细读确认没有语法错误 和词汇错误，那就把细读扩大到该行
• 5、名词和冠词的错误 • 最近比较经常考查名词的错误的是关于名词的单 复数问题，如2000年1月的75题，将planet根据上下文 改为复数形式。而对于冠词的考查，主要是单数名词 前面一定要有一个冠词来修饰，如2002年6月的S1题 在new one前要加一个不定冠词a。 • 6、非谓语动词 • 非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、动名词和分词。 其中分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，其特点是：不 定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不 能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为“非谓语动词”的原 因。这也是在四六级考试改错中常见的错误。如2000 年1月的78题将consider改为considering。
大学英语四级单句改错例题解析（最终版）
大学英语四级单句改错例题解析（最终版）第一篇：大学英语四级单句改错例题解析（最终版）单句改错例题解析【例1】Sorry，I haven't got any small changes on me．【解析】这里的“changes”应改为“change”，因为“change”作“零钱”解时为不可数名词。
【例2】Is the education free in all the countries？【解析】这里“education”前面的“the”要去掉，因为抽象名词表示泛指意义时不用定冠词。
【例3】Peter is stronger than him．【解析】在省略句或不完整的从句中，代词的格应跟没有省略、完整时的格一致。
这一句完整的结构应该是“Peter is stronger than he is，因此不能用“him”。
【例4】The man bought 20 dozens socks．【解析】象dozen，hundred，thousand等数量词被大于1的基数词修饰时，仍用单数形式。
所以这里的“dozens”应该改为“dozen”。
【例5】M illion of years ago，there lived a lot of huge animals on the earth．【解析】“hundreds of”，“thousands of，“millions of等结构中，不可遗漏-s。
【例6】China is still a developed country．【解析】过去分词作定语表示完成或被动之意，而现在分词作定语则表示进行或主动之意。
而中国现在仍然是一个发展中国家，因此应把“developed”改为“developing”。
【例7】What a ashamed thing to do！【解析】“ashamed”是“感觉羞耻的”，通常很少用在形容词前面作定语，一般只作表语，而“shameful”是“可耻的”，通常用在形容词前面作定语。
四六级改错技巧演示文稿
③ 换位性反义词 如: buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow， ， ， ， husband-wife，parent-child， left-right ， ， 等。 ④ 相对性反义词 如: easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot， ， ， ， old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等。 ， ， 等 按上下文语义，行中多用了not 或 no，或 ⑤ 按上下文语义，行中多用了 ， 必须添上not 或 no。 必须添上 。
多词
（words redundant） ）
1.错词（words mistaken） 错词（ 错词 ） 在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、 在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭 配或词义等方面有错误， 配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出 错误并换上正确的词（ 错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝 ），这类错误在所有错误中占绝 ）， 大多数。 大多数。
3.多词（words redundant） 多词（ 多词 ） 在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、 在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭 配或上下文语义要求纯属多余， 配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考 生认定该多余的词并划去（ 生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。 ）。
短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词， 短文共有 处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词， 处错误 哪一行缺一词或错一词， 哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和 标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数 标记。历年考题的统计资料表明， 改错设计为错词一类。 改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题 因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并 因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大， 更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。 更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。 改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词， 改错规则 不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在 不论是错词 改错时只能动一个词。 改错时只能动一个词。
大学英语六级考试改错题专项练习题精编
大学英语六级考试改错题专项练习题精编UNIT 1Learning does not happen passively. It is an activity which a person does. It is a task which can be attempted in various of ways, some of which are 1._____more appropriate than others. When the material to be learned is 2._____a interest to him, effective learning usually proceeds automatically. In the first place, the person at once relates the material to other material which has already securely learned. Subsequently, the relevance 4._____of the newly learned material to his interests assures its being 5.______recalled on many occasions; and one repetition minimizes 6.______the likelihood of remembering. Furthermore, the subsequent use 7.______of the new material is likely to take place in a variety of contexts and, so, the material becomes related to a narrower range of other material.8.___Because of all this, the material is and recalled with increasingly readiness in a variety of 9._____contexts. Without really trying, the person had fulfilled a 10._____few important conditions of effective learning.1.第一个of 去掉2. is 后加of3. with 改为to4. has改为is 或者在has后加been5. assures 改为ensures6. one 改为this / the7. remembering改为forgetting8. narrower 改为wider9. increasingly改为increasing10. had 改为hasUNIT 2Almost every new innovation goes through three phases. When initially introducing into the market, the process 1._____ of adoption is slow. The early models are expensive and hard to use, and perhaps even unsafe. The economicimpact is relatively great. 2. _____ The second phase is the explosive one, where the innovation was rapidly adopted by a large number of people. It gets 3. _____ cheaper and easier to use and becomes something familiar. And then in the third stage, diffusion of the innovation slows down again, as if it permeates out across the economy. 4. _____ During the explosive phase, whole new industries spring up to produce the new product or innovation, and to service it. For example, during the 1920s, there was dramatic 5. _____ acceleration in auto production, from 1.9 million in 1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This boom was accompanied with all 6. _____ sorts of other essential activities necessary for an auto-based nation: Roads had to been built for the cars to 7. _____run on; refineries and oil wells, to provide the gasoline; and garages, to repair it. 8. _____ Historically, the same pattern is repeated again and again with innovations. The construction of the electrical system requested an enormous early investment in generation and 9. _____ distribution capacity. The introduction of the radio was followed by a buying spree (无节制的狂热行为) by Americans what quickly brought radios into almost half of all households 10. _____ by 1930, up from nearly none in 1924.1. introducing改introduced;2. great 改small;3. was 改is;4. as 后面的if 去掉;5. was 后面加a;6. with 改by;7. been 改be;8. it 改them;9. requested 改required;10. what 改that.UNIT 3When some nineteenth?century New Yorkers said Harlem, they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upperManhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._________ and more precise sense of communitydesignated a section that they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was theHarlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2.________ new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side.As the community became predominantly Black, the very worHarlem seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3.________ easy to forget that Harlemwas originally the people from Holland;and that for most of its three centuriesit was first settled in the sixteen hundredsit had been preoccupied5.________ by White New Yorkers. Harlembecame synonymous to6.________ Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it on themselvesnot7.________ only to designate their area of residence but to express their sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, Harlemasserted an even larger meaning. In8.________ the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem became the symbol of liberty and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere.By 1919 Harlems population had grown by several thousand. It had received its share of wartime migration from the South, the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivalsmerely lived for Harlem; it was New York they had 9.________ come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. 10.________答案1. want wanting?该句的谓语动词在破折号之后，即designate，因此有必要将前一动词变成分词形式。
四六级语法练习题精选
四六级语法练习题精选在备考四六级英语考试时，语法是一个十分重要的部分。
良好的语法掌握能够确保我们在写作和阅读理解中的准确性和流畅度。
为了帮助大家更好地备考，下面选取了一些四六级语法练习题，希望能对大家有所帮助。
练习一：选词填空1. It's important for us to ________ a positive attitude towards life.A. adoptB. adaptC. acceptD. affect2. ________ animals in the zoo, the children were excited and couldn't wait to see them.A. SightseeingB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen3. The teacher ________ her students to hand in their homework on time.A. expectsB. hopesC. asksD. orders4. She has been studying English ________ she started primary school.A. becauseB. whileC. sinceD. as5. My father doesn't allow me to ________ TV for more than two hoursa day.A. watchB. lookC. seeD. observe答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A练习二：语法选择Today, I'd like to ________ with you an interesting story about how I ________ my childhood dream.When I was young, I always ________ about becoming a writer. I used to write stories and poems in my journal ________ I felt inspired. However, as I grew older, I ________ interested in other things and slowly ________ up on my dream.But one day, while I ________ in the library, I ________ across a book that ________ me of my childhood dream. I ________ it up and started reading. As I read, I ________ a sense of excitement and inspiration that I hadn't felt in a long time.From that day on, I ________ writing again. I ________ myself a schedule and ________ to write for at least an hour every day. Slowly, I________ my skills and started sharing my work with others. ________, my dream became a reality.1. A. share B. present C. express D. make2. A. achieved B. reached C. fulfilled D. accomplished3. A. dreamed B. hoped C. wondered D. thought4. A. where B. while C. what D. when5. A. lost B. found C. gained D. missed6. A. gave B. handed C. took D. turned7. A. sit B. sit down C. was sitting D. seated8. A. come B. went C. moved D. passed9. A. reminded B. mentioned C. told D. informed10. A. picked B. took C. held D. carried11. A. felt B. sensed C. realized D. noticed12. A. started B. began C. continued D. resumed13. A. set B. made C. created D. formed14. A. developed B. progressed C. improved D. enhanced15. A. Finally B. Eventually C. Firstly D. Gradually答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11.A 12.B 13. A 14.C 15. B练习三：改错题1. Computers is becoming more and more important in our daily life.错误：is 纠正：are2. The teacher needs to know how are the students feeling about the assignment.错误：are 纠正：the3. He didn't write either the date or his name on the paper.错误：the 纠正：a4. They have gone to the shopping mall last night.错误：gone 纠正：went5. It was not difficult to fix the problem if you follow the instructions carefully.错误：follow 纠正：followed答案：1. Computers are becoming more and more important in our daily life.2. The teacher needs to know how the students are feeling about the assignment.3. He didn't write either the date or a name on the paper.4. They went to the shopping mall last night.5. It was not difficult to fix the problem if you followed the instructions carefully.以上是一些四六级语法练习题的精选，希望能够帮助大家在备考过程中更好地掌握语法知识。
大学英语四级改错专项练习含详解
大学英语四级改错专项练习（含详解）American law regards a partnership as an associationof two or more persons who have agreed tocombine their labour, property, and skill, or some orall of them, for the purpose of engaging in lawfulbusiness and shared profits and losses between them. 1. ____The parties forming such an association is known as 2. ____partners. Partners may create a name and use a real 3. ____family name or names for a partnership. The agreementto form a partnership is known as an article ofco-partnership or partnership contract. The importantest 4. ____provision of the agreement is the one stipulating themanner of distributing profits.Any number of persons may contract to forming 5. ____a partnership, and firms of partners may enter intopartnership with one another. However, mostcorporations have not power to enter into partnership 6. ____if such power is expressly given in the corporate charter 7. ____or article of association. New members may beadmitted into an existed partnership only with the 8. ____consent of all the partners. The agreement of a partnershiphas a definite term of years in general. If no durationis specified, it is said to be a partnership atwill and can legally terminate at any time by any 9. ____partners. A partnership can be dissolved or terminated 10. ____and the terms of the partnership agreement modifiedat any time.答案部分1.【参考答案】将shared改为sharing。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
四级专项训练之改错名词，形容词，副词的误用一. 名词的误用在短文改错题中常考名词的数的误用。
可数名词大多数都有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式分为规则的和不规则的。
1.规则名词(1)大多数名词的复数形式直接在名词后加-s，以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es（但有些以o结尾的名词只加-s即可，例如kilo-kilos, piano-pianos, bamboo-bamboos）2.不规则名词man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, etc.3.单复数同型的名词Chinese, Japanese, aircraft, sheep, deer, means, series, species.4.合成名词的复数形式将其中包含的主体名词变复数，如sister-in-law: sisters-in-law; passer-by: passers-by.中间没有连字符的合成词变复数通常把最后一个词变为复数，如bookshelf: bookshelves由man, woman构成的复合名词变为复数时，两个词通常都要变成复数，如woman doctor-women doctors; man servant- men servants.5.单数形式表示复数意义的词cattle, herd, police, people6.常以复数形式出现的词trousers, scissors, glasses, jeans, surroundings, arms, thanks, memoirs, movies, news7.含有特殊意义的名词复数形式papers, goods, times, customs, manners, works, profits二. 形容词和副词的误用在短文改错中，此类误用即该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。
要避免这种错误的发生则须记清词性，学会分析句中的修饰部分和被修饰部分为何种词性。
例：The meal smells badly. – The meal smells bad.His work is high thought of by the critics. – His work is highly thought of by the critics.Exercise1.The government also affects the kind of works people do.2.If seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise.3.He says we live in a throwaway society; in other word, waste is building up, and we reallyneed to find a way to solve this.4.Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by apassing jet.5.Y ou can also buy those environmental responsible products-try to use products that do notcontain chemicals that can do harm to the environment.Keys:1.works 改为work. works 是复数形式，表示著作，work单数形式表示工作。
根据句意，应该用工作这种意思，应用单数。
2.progresses 改为progress。
在句中是泛指的进步，应该用单数。
3.word 改为words. 固定用法，in other words，换句话说。
4.careful 改为carefully. 后面的protected是形容词，要用副词carefully.5.environmental 改为environmentally. 后面的responsible是形容词，需要副词修饰。
代词的误用1.指代错误代词的主要功能是指代前面已经出现过的名词，词组，因此代词的出现必须与前面所指代的内容相一致，否则就出现了指代不明的现象。
例如：The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly.it 应改为them2.关系代词的误用这类错误主要发生在定语从句中，主要是that与what, which与as, who的误用等，特别要注意的是what的用法，that引导的主语从句及同位语从句的用法，以及介词加which引导的非限定性定语从句的用法。
例如：In the 18th century, farm work and life were not much changed from that they had been in old days. that 应改为whatJim was clever and willing to help others, for what he was often praised by other people.what 改为which3.形式代词it 与this, that 的误用当it作形式主语或形式宾语时，常误用this, that等代词。
例如：He will find this important to learn English well. thi s改为itExercise：1.The only thing which matters is to get out of the burning house.2.He tried to stand on his hands for twenty minutes, that is rather a difficult thing to do.3.I dreamed of the house which I was born and brought up.4.We are going to meet a lot of difficulties in the near future, but I believe we will overcome it.5.She is the only one whom I believe is really interested in physics.6.The animal body must be provided with fuel, it is called food, and which furnished the energyof the animal.7.Money does not necessarily mean happiness, because people could not buy love with moneyand may feel unhappy without it.8.It is one of his peculiarities that no incident ever happens to him that without teaching himsome valuable lesson.9.My children attended a small elementary school to that they had to walk everyday possibly fora few miles.10.Considering the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one issurely justified in his concern for the money and resources that they are poured into the space exploration efforts.Keys:1.which改为that在限定性定语从句中，如果先行词是all或者不定代词，或者有all, none, little, few, much, only 等词语，形容词的最高级形式或序数词作修饰语时，用that而不用which.2.that 改为which在非限定性定语从句中，只能用which, who(m) 和whose, 而不能用that.3.在which之前加inWhich和that都可以在从句中作介词的宾语，但只有which可以紧跟在介词后面。
代词it的误用。
此句中被指代部分是复数名词difficulties, 因此要使用人称代词的复数形式。
5.whom 改为whowhom是宾格形式，不能作主语。
在本句中I believe是插入成分，who is really interested in physics 是修饰one的定语从句，who 在其中充当主语。
6.去掉andIt的误用与关系代词的误用。
由句子结构入手，由于and不能连接独立句和从句，因为应改为which引导非限定性定语从句，和后面的定语从句并列，修饰fuel.7.it 改为love指代错误。
此句中it 既可以指代money, 也可以指代love, 造成歧义。
改正该错误的关键是要理清句子的逻辑结构。
8.划掉happens to him 后的thatit 作形式主语，第一个that引导了一个主语从句，第二个that后的介词短语可以直接作状语，没有必要使用连接词。
9.that 改为which介词后表示事物的关系代词要用which而不能用that。
10.将they删掉that 在句中引导定语从句，并充当从句的主语，指代money和resources.冠词的误用Exercise:1.Doctor Brundtland, head of the WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world hasbeen cut of ninety percent during the past ten years.2.Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy.3.The fast-growing population’s demand for food, he warned, would soon exceed their supply,leading to widespread food shortages and starvation.4.Washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand.5.This tendency of technology to make workers superfluous but at same time allowing theirnumbers to grow so large is decreasing psychological tensions.6.An idea that learning a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.7.A attack on Iraq is expected to see the first use of high-power microwave weapons.8.My son works in the town.9.The teacher and writer are in the drawing-room.10.He slapped her in her face.Keys:1. a number of 中的a 改为thea number of 表示很多，大量的，而句中要表示的是患麻风病的数量在过去10年里减少了90%，the number of 表示的是“。