全国2014年4月自考外国文学作品选真题
2014年04月试卷及答案详解
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷真题解析(课程代码00015)第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。
Running:Sport or Way of Life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing onTV that interests you.Not a problem!Just put on some running shoes and comfortableclothes and go for a run.One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensiveequipment.All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment.But don't befooled into thinking the sport of running is easy.It requires discipline and concentration.Running is good for you both physically and mentally.It strengthens your heart,lungs,and muscles.It makes you more aware of your body.Running also improves your body sothat you don't get sick as easily.It can even help you to stay more focused in school becauseexercise helps you to think more clearly.How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it?Most schoolsoffer running programs.A simple Internet search can help you find some in your area.Theprograms show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun.They also teachrunners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport canbe.If you go to a race,you'll see people cheering for all the runners.Running isn't alwaysabout how fast you are running or how far you're going.It's about getting out there and doingit.Participation is more important than competition,and effort is recognized over talent.If you're looking for more than just a sport,running may be the perfect choice for you.1.You may find it interesting to go for a run.A．True B．False C．Not Given【答案】A【解析】题干大意：你可能会发现跑步是一件有趣的事情。
1504-全国-外国文学作品选自考真题及答案
1504-全国-外国文学作品选总分：100一、单选题（共30题，共30分）1、萨福是古希腊女诗人，她被柏拉图称为（）(1分)A:第十位缪斯B:第十位女神C:第十位宙斯D:第十位诗神2、在《红与黑》中，将于连推荐给德·拉莫尔侯爵的人是（）(1分)A:德·雷纳尔市长B:皮拉尔神父C:瓦勒诺所长D:马斯隆教士3、《抒情歌谣集》的再版序言中系统阐述了浪漫主义的诗学理论，这篇序言的作者是（）(1分)A:济慈B:华兹华斯C:惠特曼D:柯尔律治4、在《奥利弗·退斯特》中，奥利弗·退斯特过九岁生日的地方是（）(1分)A:马厩B:储藏室C:煤窑D:阁楼5、塑造了俄国文学中第一个“多余人”形象的作家是（）(1分)A:托尔斯泰B:屠格涅夫C:陀思妥耶夫斯基D:普希金6、马克·吐温小说《我从参议员私人秘书的职位上卸任》具有强烈的幽默讽刺效果，故事揭露与讽刺的对象是（）(1分)A:资本家B:医生C:贵族D:政客7、从19世纪60年代末到80年代初，易卜生创作了一系列“社会问题剧”，其中包括《青年同盟》、《社会支柱》、《人民公敌》和（）(1分)A:《布朗德》B:《野鸭》C:《玩偶之家》D:《哈姆莱特》8、在《舞会之后》中，带领一队士兵惩罚并殴打鞑靼逃兵的人是华莲卡的（）(1分)A:祖父B:父亲C:伯父D:兄长9、在《伊则吉尔老婆子》中，鹰和少女生的儿子的名字是（）(1分)A:腊拉B:丹柯C:马札尔D:巴威尔10、在索福克勒斯戏剧《安提戈涅》中，安提戈涅被守卫逮捕的原因是（）(1分)A:安葬亲人B:背叛国家C:谋害国王D:保护兄长11、《哦，白昼哟，从无底深渊中浮起》中，紧接着“我在暴风雨中航行”的下句是（）(1分)A:我凝视着白色浪尖直上云霄B:如今我们去领受那大陆和海洋从未给过的赐予C:我从暴风雨中获得新生D:我看见黑云压顶12、乔伊斯《尤利西斯》的故事结构借鉴于古典名著（）(1分)A:《埃涅阿斯纪》B:《神曲》C:《奥德赛》D:《伊利亚特》13、“贫穷使男子潦倒，饥饿使妇女堕落，黑暗使儿童羸弱”，这句话出自雨果的作品（）(1分)A:《悲惨世界》B:《巴黎圣母院》C:《克洛德·格》D:《九三年》14、在《老人与海》中，海明威以尽可能简洁的文字塑造出鲜明的形象，把自身的感受和思想情绪最大限度的埋藏在形象之中。
2014年4月自考《外国文学史》00540真题及答案
D.阿·托尔斯泰
正确答案：
C
17、美国作家德莱塞的代表作是 （
）
A．《嘉莉妹妹》
B．《永别了，武器》
C．《珍妮姑娘》
D．《美国的悲剧》
正确答案：
D
18、高尔基早期创作的浪漫主义短篇小说是 （
）
A．《切尔卡什》
B．《小市民》
C．《海燕之歌》
D．《伊则吉尔老婆子》
正确答案：
D
19、后期象征主义名作《海滨墓园》的作者是（
2014 年 4 月自考 《外国文学史》真题及答案
课程代码 00540
单项选择题 本大题共 26 小题，每小题 1 分，共 26 分。在每小题列出的四
个备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1、古希腊文艺论著《诗学》的作者是 （
）
A．柏拉图
B．苏格拉底
C．亚里士多德
D．希罗多德
正确答案：
C
D．《意大利遗事》
正确答案：
C
14、《双城记》中的“双城”指的是（
）
A.伦敦和巴黎
B.伦正确答案：
A
15、被称为“短篇小说之王”的法国作家是 （
）
A．左拉
B．莫泊桑
C．都德
D．福楼拜
正确答案：
B
16、苏联文学“战壕真实派”的代表作家是（
）
A.法捷耶夫
B.肖洛霍夫
C.邦达列夫
2、贺拉斯关于文学的论文是 （
）
A．《理想国》
B．《会饮篇》
C．《诗艺》
D．《歌集》
正确答案：
C
3、被誉为古希腊“悲剧之父”的诗人是（
）
A.埃斯库罗斯
B.索福克勒斯
全国2014年4月自考英语阅读(二)试题及其答案
正确答案：（每个1分）Ⅲ. Summarization. (20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneIn the Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Hamlet is a character who contains many inconsistent traits. He is indecisive, but he is also a man of action; his motives are generally lofty, but sometimes they seem wholly selfish. Though basically gentle, he is also ruthless. All these make Hamlet human.36. The c______ of Hamlet.Paragraph TwoDespite claims by Fonterra that none of its milk powder found in Sri Lanka with traces of the toxic chemical element made it into the Chinese market, Chinese consumers and experts are in uproar over the company’s handling of its food safety problems.37. Consumers losing c______ in Fonterra.Paragraph ThreeIsrael decided on Sunday to free 26 Palestinian prisoners over the next few days ahead of a new round of peace talks, in the first group of a total of more than 100 inmates it pledged to set free as part of a US-brokered resumption of negotiations.38. Isreal to r______ 26 Palestinian prisoners.Paragraph FourTennis is a stop-and-go sport, often with moments of violent activity, requiring a sudden surge of heart action. It is a good sport for those in good physical condition who do suitable daily conditioning exercises, and who do not approach their limit of activity or endurance.39. Tennis as a sport a______ only for right people.Paragraph FiveThe edible soybean is a vegetable of high protein content containing 35 to 40 percent of protein and from 18 to 20 percent of oil. It is well supplied with vitamins and mineral salts. Compared with some other foods, soybeans contain one and one-half times as much protein as cheese and peas, eleven times as much protein as milk.40. The b______ of soybeans.Paragraph SixBeijing’s army recruitment efforts have been increasingly hampered in r ecent years by a decline in the physical fitness of candidates, with many being ruled unsuitable due to common complaints such as being overweight or shortsighted. Around 60 percent of college students who apply for military service cannot pass the physical fitness exam.41. Students’ f______ to meet army fitness standards.Paragraph SevenOpen enrollment is being used today to get schools to perform better. The reasoning: the best schools will attract the best students. And to be “best”, the school must have a creative principal and teachers. The plan, in extreme cases, can close down poor schools that no longer attract any students.42. Schools striving for e ______.Paragraph EightA top U.S. official announced plans to establish a review group to look at the government’s intelligence collection methods and surveillance capabilities. Once established, the group will brief its interim findings to Obama within 60 days of its formation and provide a final report with recommendations in due course. 43. U.S. to e______ intelligence collection methods.Paragraph NineGay marriage is to become legal in England and Wales after the lower house of the British parliament approved the final changes to a law that had Prime Minister David Cameron’s backing. Last month, t he U.S. Supreme Court delivered a landmark victory for gay rights by forcing the federal government to recognize same-sex marriages.44. Gay marriage gaining legal s______.Paragraph TenAll of us want to feel needed and admired. But unless we hear words of praise from others, how can we know that we are valued friends or co-workers? To give people the feeling of importance and worthiness, you need to always look for something in other people you can admire and praise - and tell them about it.45. People need to learn the a______ of praising.正确答案：（每个2分）Ⅳ. Translation. (20 poirits, 4 points for each)。
高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)真题2014年4月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)真题2014年4月(总分100, 做题时间150分钟)课程代码：00595注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SH EET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the you ng woman with the white cane made her way cautiously up th e steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to feel the location of the seats, settled into one. She pla ced her briefcase on her lap and rested her cane against h er leg.It had been a year since Susan, thirty-four, became blind. As the result of a medical accident she was sightless, suddenly thrown into a world of darkness, a nger, frustration and self-pity. All she could cling to was her husband Mark.Mark was an Air Force officer and he loved Susan with all his heart. When she first lost her sight, he watched her sink into despair and he became determined to use every m eans to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to return to her job, but how wo uld she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too frightened to get around the city by herself. Mar k volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning andevening until she got the hang of (摸清情况) it. And that was exactly what happened.For two weeks, Mark, military uniform and all, accompanied S usan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment. H e helped her befriend the bus drivers who could watch out for her, and save her a seat.Each morning they made the journey together, and Mark would take a taxi back to his office. Although the routine of going back and forth was costly, Mark knew it was only a matter of time before Susan would be able to ride the bus on her own.Finally, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip on her own. Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she em braced her husband tightly. Her eyes filled with tears of g ratitude for his loyalty, his patience, and his love. She s aid good-bye and, for the first time, they went their separate ways. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday... Each day on her own went perfectly, and a wild gaiety (快乐) took hold of Susan. She was doing it! She was going t o work all by herself!.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.When Susan got on the bus, the passengers ______.A admired herB stared curiously at herC ignored herD felt sorry for her该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Which of the following is true of Mark?A He kept confidence in Susan.B He felt confused with Susan.C He depended more on Susan.D He was tired of Susan.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL3.At the beginning of her sightless life, Susan was seized by anger, self-pity and ______.A irritationB hesitationC hopelessnessD indifference该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Which of the following is true?A Mark realized it would take a long time for Susan to recover her sight.B Mark knew that Susan would get to work by herself sooner or later.C Mark hated to leave poor Susan alone even for one minute.D Mark loved the routine of accompanying Susan to work.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The passage can be used as an example of ______.A honestyB sympathyC diligenceD determination该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Most people claim that we should judge others on the basisof how they act, not how they look. However, the reality is quite opposite. Appearance is especially important in th e early stages of a relationship.The influence of physical attractiveness begins early in life . Infants as young as six months prefer images of attractiv e faces to less appealing ones. From age five on, overweigh t boys are viewed by peers as less attractive; tall, thin ones are judged as uncommunicative and nervous; and muscular and athletic youngsters are seen as outgoing, active, and popular. The same principle continues into adult life. Handso me men and beautiful women are seen as more sensitive, kind , interesting, strong, calm, modest, sociable, outgoing, and exciting than their less attractive counterparts. Adults are more likely to interact with strangers who they view as att ractive. Senior citizens also rate good-looking people as more desirable than those who are less at tractive.Although we might assume that attractive people are radically different from those who are less attractive, the truth is that we view the familiar as beautiful. Langlois and Roggm an presented students with two types of photos: some were i mages of people from North European, Asian, and Latino backg rounds, while others **puter-generated images **bined the characteristics of several indivi duals. Surprisingly, the students consistently preferred **posi te photos of both men and women. When the features of eigh t or more individuals **bined into one image, the students rated the picture as more attractive than the features of a single person or of a **bination of people. Thus, we seem to be drawn to people who represent the most attractive q ualities of ourselves and those people aren't different from the rest of us.Even if your appearance isn't beautiful by social standards, consider these encouraging facts: first, ordinary-looking people with pleasing personalities are likely to be judged as being attractive; second, physical factors become l ess important as a relationship progress. As Hamachek puts it, “Attractive features may open doors, but apparently, it takes more than physical beauty to keep them open.”SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.“The same principle”(Para. 2) refers to the principle tha t ______.A children are more attractive than adultsB attractive people are perceived as desirableC the early stages of a relationship are importantD the influence of appearance begins early in life该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.The third paragraph emphasizes in part the importance of ___ ___.A familiarityB differenceC individualityD consistency该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.According to the passage, the **posite features people have, ______.A the more unique they areB the less ordinary they areC the more attractive they areD the less beautiful they are该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL9.In his statement, Hamachek is giving emphasis to ______.A social standardsB composite featuresC good characterD physical attraction该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.The best title for the passage is ______.A Beauty and AgeB Appearance and RelationshipC Standards of Social BehaviorD Features of Physical Attractiveness该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The public schools of the United States—elementary, secondary, and higher—have a history, and it is the social history of the United States: the decades before the Civil War, in which the el ementary or “common schools”were reformed; the decades sur rounding the turn of the twentieth century, in which the se condary schools “welcomed”the “children of the plain peop le”;and the post-World War II decades, which found the public colleges and u niversities flooded non-traditional students—those traditionally excluded from higher education by sex, ra ce, and class.In each of these periods, the quantitative expansion of the student population was matched by a qualitative transformati on of the enlarged institutions. **mon schools of the mid-1800s were charged with reforming the moral character of the children of failed artisans (工匠) and farmers; the expanded high schools at the turn of the century with preparing their poor, working-class, and immigrant teenagers for future lives in city and factory; the “open-access”publicinstitutions in the postwar period with moving their students off the unemployment lines and into lower-level white-collar positions.**mon schools, the high schools, the colleges and universities—all in their own times—were expanded and transformed so that they might better main tain social order and increase material productivity. But no matter how enlarged or reformed, they could not do the jo bs expected of them: they could not solve the economic, soc ial, and human problems brought about by uncontrolled urbaniz ation and industrialization within the context of the private property system. The schooling reforms succeeded only in sh ifting the discussion and action from the social and product ive system to the people who were now held responsible for not fitting into it.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.American education in the post-World War II decades focused mostly on ______.A early childhood educationB elementary school educationC secondary school educationD college education该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.The turn-of-the-century American education dealt partly with the problem of ______.A failed farmersB unsuccessful artisansC immigrant teenagersD lower-level white-collar workers该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.It is implied in the passage that women began to be educat ed in large numbers ______.A after the Civil WarB at the turn of the 20th centuryC before World War IID after World War II该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.One of the purposes for public school reformation is ______.A to increase material productivityB to impose the quality of educationC to urbanize rural areas in the United StatesD D. to promote industrialization in the United States该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.The author believes that public schools ______.A changed American political systemB could not solve American problemsC led to social problems in the United StatesD could not improve qualitatively in the United States该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Historical periods are dominated by distinct sets of ideas w hich form the general spirit of a period in history. Greek philosophy, Christianity, Renaissance thought, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment are examples of sets of ideas that dominated their historical periods. The changes fr om one period to the next are usually rather gradual.; othe r changes—more abrupt—are often referred to as revolutions. The most far-reaching of all these intellectual changes was the Darwinian revolution. The worldview formed by any thinking person in the Western world after 1859, when On the Origin of Speci es was published, was by necessity quite different from a w orldview formed before 1859. It is almost impossible for a modern person to project back to the early half of the nin eteenth century and reconstruct the thinking of this pre-Darwinian period, for the impact of Darwinism on our views has been so great.The intellectual revolution brought about by Darwin went far beyond the realm of biology, causing the overthrow of some of the most basic beliefs of his age. For example, Darwin rejected the belief in the individual creation of each spe cies, establishing in its place the concept that all of lif e descended from a common ancestor. By extension, he introdu ced the idea that humans were not the special products of creation but evolved according to principles that operate eve rywhere else in the living world. Darwin upset current notio ns of a perfectly designed natural and gentle world and sub stituted in their place the concept of a struggle for survi val. Victorian notions of progress and perfectibility were se riously weakened by Darwin's demonstration that evolution brin gs about change and adaptation, but it does not necessarily lead to progress, and it never leads to perfection.Darwin would be remembered as an outstanding scientist even if he had never written a word about evolution. Indeed, som e people believe that Darwin’s most original contribution to biology was not the theory of evolution but his series of books on experimental botany published near the end of his life. This achievement is little known among non-biologists, and the same is true for his equally outstanding work on the adaptation of flowers and on animal psychology , as well as his imaginative work on earthworms. Darwin als o attacked important problems with extraordinary originality, thereby becoming the founder of several now well-recognized separate disciplines. Darwin was the first person to work out a sound theory of classification, which is stil l used by most experts today.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.The author considers the change caused by Darwin’s On the Origin of Species ______.A gradualB abruptC religiousD philosophical该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SELThe influence of Darwinism has been so strong that it is d ifficult to ______.A know how people looked at the world before 1859B imagine people’s worldview after 1859C disregard the implications of his theoryD know what Victorian society was like该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.Darwin believed that all species in the world ______.A were created individuallyB sprang from the same originC became increasingly betterD shared the same pace of progress该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.It can be concluded from the passage that Darwin was ______ .A a modest scholarB a born thinkerC an original scientistD a practical theorist该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.The author intends to say in the last paragraph that ______ .A Darwin did outstanding work apart from his theory of evolutionB non-biologists know very little about Darwin's theory of evolutionC scholars failed to recognize Darwin’s contributions for along timeD Darwin's most outstanding contribution is his theory of classification该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DII. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on t he best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Potatoes are a tuber-producing crop originally grown in the Americas. Over 200 va rieties of wild potatoes grow from what is now Colorado to what are now Chile and Argentina. The native peoples of t he Andean region of South America were the first to domesti cate potatoes and to cultivate them as a food crop. The ea rliest potato, found in an archaeological site in central Pe ru, has been dated back to about 8000 B.C.. Scientists beli eve that American Indians began domesticating potatoes at the end of the Ice Age. Four thousand years later, native peo ples livingin the Andean highlands had begun to rely on potatoes as a major part of their diet. By about 2000 B.C.. Indians in the coastal region of what is now Peru were also cultivat ing this crop extensively.During the reign of the Inca, who established their empire in what is now Peru in about A.D. 1000, American Indian fa rmers were growing not only white potatoes but red, yellow, black, blue, green, and brown ones as well. They were del iberately developing potatoes of varying sizes and shapes tha t would do well under a number of growing conditions. Becau se potatoes were easily grown, flourish in a number of clim ates, and high in vitamin C, they were an efficient way of meeting dietary needs.In 1531, when Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro landed in what is now Peru, the native Andean peoples had developed a bout 3,000 types of potatoes and had also invented a method to freeze-dry them for storage. The Inca, who called potatoes papas, ate boiled potatoes as a vegetable and also made a kind of unleavened potato bread made from flour that had been grou nd from freeze-dried potatoes. They also added this potato flour to soups and stews and made porridge from it.Pedro de Cieza, who traveled with Francisco Pizarro's expedit ion, compared potatoes to chestnuts. Because the tubers grew underground and were small, the Spaniards believed potatoes were truffles (块菌) and began calling them tartuffo. When English explorer S ir Francis Drake crossed the Strait of Magellan, he ate pot atoes on the coast of what is now Chile that same year. Y et, historians are uncertain exactly whether the Spaniards or the English brought potatoes to Europe.SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.The earliest potato was found in ______.A PeruB ChileC ArgentinaD Colorado该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL22.Potatoes became the major source of food for American Indian s about ______.A 8000 B.C.B 4000 B.C.C 2000 B.C.D A.D.1000该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL23.American Indians developed potatoes of different sizes and sh apes to ______.A meet different dietary needsB get potatoes of different colorsC suit various growing conditionsD store them in convenient places该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL24.American Indians freeze-dried potatoes so that they could be ______.A stewedB groundC storedD boiled该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL25.Which of the following is true?A Historians believe that the English brought potatoes to Europe.B Sir Francis Drake ate potatoes in what is now Peru.C Francisco **pared potatoes to chestnuts.D The Spaniards thought that potatoes were truffles.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DPassage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The blogging craze of a couple of years ago, when it was estimated that ten new blogs were started somewhere in the world every minute, now seems to have died down a bit. Y et thousands of blogs—probably the better ones—remain. Blogs are now no longer seen as the exclusive posse ssion of geeks, and are now seen as important and influenti al sources of news and opinions. So many people read blogs now that it has even been suggested that some blogs may have been powerful enough to influence the result of the re cent U.S. election.Blogs are very easy to set up. All you need is a computer , an internet connection and the desire to write something.A blog differs from a traditional internet site in two ways. First, a blog is one page consisting mostly of texts, though a few pictures are sometimes provided. Second, andmore importantly, a blog is a space for people to respond to what you write. The best blogs are similar to online di scussions, where people write in response to what the blogge r has written. Blogs are regularly updated—busy blogs are updated every day, or even every few hours.Not all blogs are about politics, however. There are blogs about music, films, sports, books—any subject you can imagine has its enthusiasts typing away and giving their opinions to fellow enthusiasts or anyone else who cares to read their opinions.But how influential, or important, is the blogosphere really? One problem with blogs is that many people who read and write them seem only to communicate with each other. When p eople talk about the influence of the blogosphere, they do not take into account the millions of people around the wor ld who are not bloggers, never read blogs, and don't even have access to a computer, let alone a good internet connec tion.Sometimes, it seems that the blogosphere exists only to infl uence itself, or that its influence is limited to what is actually quite a **munity. Blogs seem to promise a virtual democracy—in which anyone can say anything they like, and have their opinions heard—but who is actually listening to these opinions? Little hard evidence shows that blogs have influenced people in the wa y that traditional mass media such as television and newspap ers are able to do.SSS_SINGLE_SEL26.Now the blogging craze ______.A is emergingB has become less intenseC keeps risingD remains the same as before该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL27.Blogs differ from traditional internet sites in that ______.A texts are mostly shortB they present picturesC they are daily updatedD readers can **ments该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL28.One problem with blogs is that bloggers fail to consider __ ____.A non-bloggersB virtual democracyC U.S. politiciansD internet connection该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL29.In the author's opinion, the influence of the blogosphere is ______.A importantB powerfulC positiveD limited该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL30.According to the author, it is not difficult to ______.A set up blogsB make blogs involve everyoneC show the importance of blogosphereD make blogs surpass traditional mass media该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DIII. DISCOURSE CLOZEThe following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggeste d answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)The makers of the Constitution knew that changes would be n ecessary and that if there was no way of making them, the Constitution would no longer be useful. They, therefore, ma de it possible for Americans to change the Constitution by adopting amendments to it, (31) . All amendments written int o the Constitution have been made in accordance with rules (32) . An amendment may be proposed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress (33) . It must then be approved by three-fourths of all the states. Then and only then (34) .Since 1789 (35) . Ten of them were adopted almos t immediately (36) . They are the amendments (37) because t hey protect the rights of individuals．Some amendments have e xtended the right to vote by forbidding discrimination in re spect to the fight to vote on account of race，color or sex，and (38) ．One great amendment abolished slavery in the Unit ed States．The Fourteenth Amendment，(39) ，has done much in recent years to bring greater justice to black people and others．Other amendments have changed the me thod of electing senators(40) ，and increased the taxing power of Congress．By amendment we have sought to **e defects in the Constitution and thus to keep it alive．(From The Constitution of the United States)[A] accepted after the Civil War[B] laid down in the original document[C]in order to make it more democratic[D] that we call the Bill of Rights[E] by interpretation on the part of the Supreme Court[F] twenty-six amendments to the Constitution have been adopted[G] that Congress had no power under the Constitution to pa ss such a law[H]at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures[I]but they did not make it easy to do so[J] does the change become part of the Constitution [K] after the Constitution went into effect[L]by lowering the voting age to eighteenSSS_SIMPLE_SIN31.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ISSS_SIMPLE_SIN32.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN33.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:HSSS_SIMPLE_SIN34.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:JSSS_SIMPLE_SIN35.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_SIMPLE_SIN36.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:KSSS_SIMPLE_SIN37.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN38.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:LSSS_SIMPLE_SIN39.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN40.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CIV．WORD FORMATIONComplete each of the following sentences with the proper f orm of the word in brackets Write your answers on the ANSW ER SHEET. (10 points，1 point each)41.(bright)That new carpet will certainly _____ up your living room．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:brightly42.(anxiety) The foreign minister admitted he was still _____ a bout the situation in that country．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:anxiety43.(ill) Scientists have not yet found a cure for this _____ _．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:illness44.(sign) The recent decline of the stock market does not nece ssarily ____ the start of a recession．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:signs45.(simple) Some students lost marks _____ because they hadn’t read the question carefully．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:simply46.(enjoy) Lunch break at the hotdog stand in the park is the most _____ and interesting time of the day for me．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:enjoyable47.(able)This health center serves all patients，regardless of their ______ to pay．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ability48.(understand) She expressed her opinions in such clear terms that no one would ____ her．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:understanding49.(1ead) Ever since the 1990s，Microsoft has been a world ____ in software design．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:led50.(judge) It’s too soon to make a ______ about the impact of the new policy．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:judgementV．GAP FILLINGThe following is taken from the textbook．Fill in the numb ered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box(there are more words than necessary)．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points，1 point each)asdevotefiercen caseinterestin thatloverejectionsetthatwhowithThe semi-barbaric king had a daughter whom he loved deeply. She was as passionate, fanciful, and strong as her father and was (51) to him. As is the case in many fairy tales, this daughter, the apple of her father’s eye, was in love wit h a young man (52) was below her in station. He was a commoner. He was also brave, handsome, and daring, and he l oved the royal daughter (53) all his being. The princess had enough barbarism in her (54) their love affair was dr amatic…too dramatic. It was a secret for months, but then the king found out about it.The king didn’t hesitate for a minute. He sent the young man to prison and (55) a date for his trial in the ar ena. When the date arrived, everyone in the kingdom wanted to attend. They all knew of the king’s(56) in the case , and there was excitement in the air.The king's men searched for the (57) tiger in the realm . They also searched for the fairest maiden in the land so that he could have a fitting bride (58) he were found innocent. Of course, everyone knew that he **mitted the “crime”of (59) the princess, but the king did not allow the facts of the case to alter his decision. The trial w ould go on (60) planned. The youth would be gone no ma tter what happened; he would either be dead or married. The king could enjoy the proceedings for the sport of it. (From The Lady or the Tiger)SSS_FILL51.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:devoteSSS_FILL52.。
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试外国文学史
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2024年4月自考《外国文学作品选》真题
2024年4月自考《外国文学作品选》真题（课程代码00534）第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1．古希腊流传至今最早的文学作品是（）。
A．“荷马史诗”B．《普罗米修斯》C．《失去的友人》D．《俄狄浦斯王》2．“求你再度降临，亲爱的女神，/求你解救我于万般痛苦之中”里的“女神”是（）。
A．雅典娜B．蓓脱C．阿芙洛狄忒D．缪斯3．在《十日谈》的《第四天故事一》中，思想先进、目光敏锐、性格刚烈的新时代优秀女性形象是（）。
A．安德罗马克B．奥非利娅C．纪斯卡多D．绮思梦达4．《巨人传》第一部中，当众在巴黎圣母院的钟楼上撒尿，玩弄大钟的人物是（）。
A．巴努日B．庞大固埃C．高康大D．法伊奥勒5．《堂吉诃德》通过对骑士小说典型情节的滑稽模仿，显示了骑士小说的（）。
A．荒唐之处B．高超之处C．结构之美D．人物之美6．《悭吝人》中的阿巴公的鲜明性格特征是（）。
A．贪婪、吝啬B．伪善、做作C．犹豫、迟疑D．矛盾、复杂A．启蒙主义作家B．浪漫主义作家C．现实主义作家D．表现主义作家8．“篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中/红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨；/而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫；/丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。
”这几句诗侧重的是（）。
A．触觉描写B．听觉描写C．视觉描写D．嗅觉描写9．《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的体裁是（）。
A．历史小说B．诗体小说C．抒情诗D．诗剧10．在《红与黑》中，向德·拉莫尔侯爵推荐于连的人物是（）。
A．德·雷纳尔B．皮拉尔神父C．德·雷纳尔夫人D．谢朗神父11．恩格斯称赞《人间喜剧》包含着（）。
A．“父爱基督”B．“了不起的辩证法”C．“含泪的笑”D．“宗教博爱”12．《奥利弗·退斯特》中，理事先生们让奥利弗学习的“有用的手艺”是（）。
A．纺织B．扯麻絮C．砌砖头D．清理烟囱13．果戈理塑造了地主群像的小说是（）。
2014年4月全国自考(英语写作)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年4月全国自考（英语写作）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Supply the missing paragraph 2. Write an outline 3. Compose an essaySupply the missing paragraph1．The Positive Effects of Owning a Dog on Children Dogs are the best friend of children. The dog and the child teach each other things and they look after each other. Owning a dog can have positive effects on a child’s development. Having a dog develops a child’s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches him the nature of friendship. _____________________________________________________________________ _ Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic.A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn to understand what the dog’s behavior means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog’s mind. The result of learning to read a dog’s behavior is that the child develops mpathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person. Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend. One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. A dog will wait patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child who has learned to be as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned one of the most valuable lessons in life. These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last in the child’s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.正确答案：Having a dog helps a child learn how to act responsibly. As a dog owner, the child must take care of the animal’s daily needs. The dog must be fed and exercised every day. The dog is completely dependent on its owner for all its needs, including the need for good health and a safe environment. If the child forgets any of these responsibilities, or ignores any of the dog’s needs, the dog will suffer. This teaches the child that his responsibility to the dog is more important than his desire to play with his toys, talk on the phone, or watch TV.Write an outline2．Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking It happens in schools, offices, and boardrooms everywhere: someone working on a project hits a mental block A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together,” encouraging a creative solution to the problem. As it turns out, this isn’t just abstract advice. According to an upcoming issue of Psychological Science, literally working outside of a box or putting two halves of something together just might help those creative juices start flowing again. Since physical metaphors regarding creativity are so common and appearing in several different languages, a group of researchers hypothesized that they may extend beyond mere metaphors. Their stud-y indicates that acting out metaphors literally can affect how our minds work. In the first part of the study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT), in which the subjects were given three seemingly unrelated words and asked to come up with a word that relates to each one. For example, the subject might be given “measure,”“worm,” and “video,” and the correct response would be “tape.”The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a 5’ by 5’ cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room at all. None of the participants knew the hypothesis behind the study; they were merely told it was an experiment on different working environments. There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants that were seated outside the box did much better on the RAT than the other two groups. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box”encourages creativity. A second experiment looked at another well-known piece of advice, to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group had to perform a RAT while joining haves of cut paper cards from piles on each side of a desk. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those “putting two and two together “by uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another. So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively. In fact, it does more than let us access the knowledge we presently have; it encourages us to come up with new, unique and creative ideas. Next time you’re stuck on a problem, take a minute to ponder—or even act out —your favorite metaphor, and you might happen upon a great solution. Topic Outline _____________________________________________________________________ _正确答案：I.Introduction (Paras. 1 —2)A. Use of metaphors for creative solutions to problemsB. Thesis; Acting out metaphors literally can affect how our minds workII. Researchers’experiments (Paras. 3 —6)A. First experiment of “thinking outside the box”(1)Participants performing RAT inside, outside or without a box(2)Better performance of pariticipants sitting outside a boxB. Second experiment of “putting two and two together”(1) Participants performing RAT while uniting ormoving card halves(2) Better performance of participants uniting card halves Compose an essay3．People are more and more concerned about environment. Write a 300-word expository essay stating your opinion about what we can do as individuals to improve our environment.正确答案：How to improve our environment Nowadays, environment problems are becoming more and more influential to our daily lives than only appearing in newspapers and TVs, lectures or reports. For instance, in the last winter, foggy days with the so called PM2.5 caused a panic among citizens. People were afraid of the polluted air and chose to stay at home instead of going out. Protecting the environment is really an extremely urgent thing. As we all know, low carbon life was proposed in recent years and I think it would be a reasonable way to solve our environment crisis. We can figure out what benefits can be gained when we transfer this conception into a real existence, a low carbon campus. This simple shift of perspective can actually transform what used to be quite far away into something that is just around us. Take the use of electronic devices for example, when we choose to climb the stairs instead of using an elevator, when we prefer bicycles to cars, we are doing something fantastic for ourselves. Think about these activities as exercises that would not only keep us physically fit, but also spiritually energetic. If we turn off the computer when they are not in use, or even limit the hours we spend in front of them, we are not only saving the electricity, but also doing a favor to our body, preventing ourselves from too much exposure to radiation and other possible harms caused by computer. We can gain at the same tine a healthy and pain-free neck, and avoid sore muscles, worsening eyesight and so on. When we use natural wind, rather than fans or air conditioner to feel cool in summer, we are also reducing the possibilities of all the illness related to the electronic devices. What we eat can also contribute to the establishment of a low carbon campus. More vegetables and less meat mean that less carbon will be emitted in the process of producing and preparing for such foods. And this can also translate to a more balanced diet and healthier eating habits. Then many problems, such as overweight, tiredness or even high blood pressure and heart disease can be controlled to a certain extent when we get older. And this good eating habit actually benefits us for a life time, and what starts at campus goes a long way. From the above analysis, we can get the basic idea that when we are doing something to reduce the carbon campus, but at the same time, we are make positive changes for ourselves.。
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绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试外国文学作品选试题课程代码：00534请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》是古希腊流传至今最早的文学作品，它的作者是A.维吉尔B.柏拉图C.荷马D.亚里士多德2.“永生的阿芙洛狄忒，宝座上的女神，宙斯的善用心计的女儿，求求你，女神啊，别再用痛苦和忧愁折磨我的心!”这句诗出自诗人A.阿那克瑞翁B.品达C.萨福D.奥维德3.在古希腊三大悲剧家中，被称赞为“戏剧艺术的荷马”的是A.索福克勒斯B.阿里斯托芬C.欧里庇得斯D.埃斯库罗斯4.《十日谈》的作者是文艺复兴时期意大利杰出的人文主义作家A.乔叟B.彼特拉克C.塔索D.薄伽丘5.《堂吉诃德》以主人公的游侠冒险经历展开情节，反映了广阔的社会图景，堂吉诃德前后游侠出行活动共有A.四次B.三次C.两次D.一次6.在莫里哀喜剧中，与《悭吝人》齐名的作品是A.《伪君子》B.《没病找病》C.《太太学堂》D.《司卡班的诡计》7.被誉为英国浪漫主义文学史上里程碑的作品是A.《丁登寺》B.《古舟子咏》C.《克伦威尔》D.《抒情歌谣集》8.济慈《秋颂》中“呵，春日的歌哪里去了?”的下句是A.篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨B.这时呵，河柳下的一群小飞虫就同奏哀音，它们忽而飞高，忽而下落，随着微风的起灭C.但不要想这些吧，你也有你的音乐D.而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫；丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇9.标志着法国浪漫主义对古典主义最终胜利的作品是雨果的戏剧A.《欧那尼》B.《九三年》C.《悲惨世界》D.《巴黎圣母院》10.俄国文学中第一部描写小人物的作品是普希金的短篇小说A.《青铜骑士》B.《驿站长》C.《上尉的女儿》D.《黑桃皇后》11.《草叶集》是美国诗人惠特曼的重要代表作，题名中的“草叶”象征A.平凡而旺盛的生命力量B.繁盛的大自然C.强烈的自我意识D.崇高的爱国精神12.19世纪法国批判现实主义文学的奠基人是A.巴尔扎克B.梅里美C.福楼拜D.司汤达13.在《高老头》中，受到巴黎腐化风气污染、最终抛弃良心变成野心家的青年人是A.包赛昂B.拉斯蒂涅C.毕安训D.伏脱冷14.狄更斯以法国大革命为背景，表现人道主义思想的历史小说是A.《艰难时事》B.《双城记》C.《小杜丽》D.《荒凉山庄》15.莫泊桑被誉为“短篇小说巨匠”，他的成名作是以普法战争为背景的短篇小说A.《羊脂球》B.《两个朋友》C.《一家人》D.《米龙老爹》16.易卜生早期历史剧具有浪漫主义色彩，多取材于古代挪威的英雄传说和历史，代表作品有A.《社会支柱》B.《海上夫人》C.《觊觎王位的人》D.《青年同盟》17.在《罪与罚》中，导致拉斯柯尔尼科夫犯下谋杀罪行的根本原因是他所信奉的A.超人哲学B.暴力革命思想C.阶级斗争思想D.社会进化论18.高尔基的自传体三部曲包括《童年》、《在人间》和A.《我的大学》B.《忏悔》C.《马卡尔•楚德拉》D.《母亲》19.在《安娜•卡列尼娜》中，被称为“托尔斯泰式主人公”的人物是A.安德烈B.彼埃尔C.列文D.安娜•卡列尼娜20.乔伊斯模仿古希腊史诗《奥德赛》的结构创作的长篇意识流小说是A.《青年艺术家的画像》B.《都柏林人》C.《芬尼根守夜人》D.《尤利西斯》21.卡夫卡的长篇小说《美国》、《审判》和《城堡》被称为A.生命三部曲B.孤独三部曲C.欲望三部曲D.帝国三部曲22.在茨威格的《世界上最美的坟墓》一文中，令作者感到震撼的是托尔斯泰墓地的A.奢华B.破败C.简朴D.典雅23.反映了人们对战争的痛恨，表现出浓重迷惘情绪，被认为是“迷惘的一代”的代表作是海明威的小说A.《丧钟为谁而鸣》B.《在我们的时代》C.《第五纵队》D.《永别了，武器》24.、台词“他人即地狱”’出自A.马尔克斯B.萨特C.加缪D.波伏瓦25.《秃头歌女》通过两对夫妇之间的无聊对话，揭示了人与人之间的荒诞关系，这部戏剧的作者是A.尤内斯库B.卡尔维诺C.贝克特D.品特26.《世界上最漂亮的溺死者》反映了拉丁美洲孤独封闭的现实，这部小说在艺术上属于A.浪漫主义B.自然主义C.魔幻现实主义D.表现主义27.既是犹太教的经典，也是古代希伯来人的文化典籍汇编的是A.《古兰经》B.《新约》C.《旧约》D.《亡灵书》28.《沙恭达罗》描写国王豆扇陀与净修女沙恭达罗的爱情故事，这部作品的作者是A.迦梨陀娑B.萨迪C.桑戈尔D.纪伯伦29.“噫，连在静默地忆想上帝之时，你们也要合一。
不过在你们合一之中，要有间隙。
让天风在你们中间舞荡。
”这段关于在婚姻关系中要保持相对独立性的看法，出自A.《吉檀迦利》B.《先知》C.《云使》D.《罗怙世系》30.日本“新感觉派”文学运动的发起者是A.山上忆良B.三岛由纪夫C.渡边淳一D.川端康成二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂、少涂或未涂均无分。
31.属于19世纪英国“湖畔派”诗人的有A.华兹华斯B.柯尔律治C.济慈D.拜伦E.骚塞32.莎士比亚“四大悲剧”包括A.《哈姆莱特》B.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》C.《奥赛罗》D.《李尔王》E.《麦克白》33.诗剧《浮士德》中，主人公浮士德人生追求阶段有A.知识追求B.爱情追求C.政治追求D.古典美追求E.事业追求34.属于泰戈尔创作的作品有A.《摩诃摩耶》B.《两亩地》C.《吉檀迦利》D.《沉船》E.《鸠摩罗出世》35.但丁《神曲》的三个组成部分是A.《地狱篇》B.《新生篇》C.《炼狱篇》D.《天堂篇》E.《人间篇》非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
三、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题7分，共28分)36.简述拉伯雷的小说《巨人传》的现实内涵。
37.简析川端康成《伊豆的舞女》的艺术特色。
38：简述“多余人”形象。
39.《头儿》是一部荒诞派戏剧，其“荒诞性”主要体现在哪些方面?四、论述题(本大题12分)40.结合海明威《老人与海》中象征意象的使用，谈谈这部作品的主题内涵。
五、阅读理解题(本大题20分)41.阅读狄更斯《奥利弗•退斯特》片段。
围绕以下两个问题写一篇不少于500字的短文。
(1)奥利弗•退斯特在贫民习艺所的遭遇揭露了一种怎样的社会现象?(2)小说在艺术描写上有哪些主要特色?要求：围绕所给材料和提示进行综合分析，写一篇完整的短文。
观点鲜明，分析具体，条理清楚，书写整洁。
男童们吃饭的地方是一座石墙大厅，大厅尽头放着一口锅；开饭时，一位大师傅系上围裙，由一两个女的做助手，用长柄勺子从锅里舀稀粥。
每一男童可以领到一小碗这样的佳肴，没有更多的了，除非逢到盛大的节日，那时才外加二又四分之一英两的面包。
粥碗从来不需要洗。
孩子们总是用汤匙把碗刮到恢复锃光瓦亮为止。
刮完了以后(这件事照例花不了很多时间，因为汤匙同碗的大小差不多)，他们坐在那里，眼巴巴地望着粥锅，恨不得把砌锅灶的砖头也吞下去，同时十分卖力地吮自己的指头，指望发现偶然溅在那上面的粥嘎巴儿。
男孩子通常胃口都很好。
奥利弗·退斯特和他的伙伴们忍受了三个月这种慢性饥饿的折磨，最后实在被饿火烧得快发疯了。
有一名个子长得比年龄大、没有过惯这种日子的男童(他父亲开过一家小饭馆)，阴郁地向他的伙伴们暗示，除非每天再给他一碗粥，否则难保某一天夜里他不会把睡在他旁边的一个幼弱孩童吃掉。
他说时目露凶光，饿相吓人，大家都深信不疑。
孩子们经过磋商，用抽签的办法决定由一个人在当天晚餐后去向大师要求添粥。
中签的是奥利弗·退斯特。
到了傍晚时分，孩子们纷纷就座。
大师傅系着厨子的围裙在锅旁一站，充当助手的贫妇站在他后面；粥都分到了，毫不费时的食事之前冗长的感恩祷告也做了。
碗里的粥已一扫而光，孩子们开始交头接耳，向奥利弗挤眉弄眼；离他最近的就用胳膊肘碰碰他。
他虽是个孩子，却已被饥饿和痛苦逼得不顾一切，铤而走险。
他从饭桌旁站起来，拿着碗和汤匙走到大师傅跟前，对于自己这样胆大妄为自己也有些吃惊地说：“对不起，先生，我还要。
”大师傅是个健壮的胖子，可是他竟顿时面色煞白，呆若木鸡。
他向这个造反的小家伙凝视半晌，然后倚在锅灶上，靠它支住身子。
那几名助手由于惊愕，孩子们则由于紧张，一个个都不能动弹。
“什么?!”大师傅终于开口，声音相当微弱。
“对不起，先生，”奥利弗重复了一遍，“我还要。
”大师傅用长柄勺子对准奥利弗的脑袋猛击一下，抓住他的胳膊，尖声高呼，把干事叫来。
理事们正在隆重举行一次秘密会议，忽然班布尔先生气急败坏地闯进会议室，向坐在高椅里的绅士报告：“林金斯先生，请原谅，奥利弗·退斯特还要。
”在座的人个个大吃一惊。
每一张脸上都现出骇愕的表情。
“还要?!”林金斯先生说道。
“班布尔，你定一定神，毫不含糊地回答我的问题。
我是否应该这样理解：他吃了按定量发给他的晚餐还要添? ”“他还要添，先生，”班布尔答道。
“那小鬼将来准上绞架，”穿白背心的绅士说。
“我知道那小鬼将来准上绞架。
’’没有人反驳这位绅士的预言。
接着进行了热烈的讨论。
奥利弗立刻被禁闭起来；第二天早晨，大门外面贴出一张告示：任何人要是愿意解除教区的负担，把奥利弗·退斯特领走，可得酬金五镑。
换句话说，任何男人或女人，如果需要一名学徒从事任何手艺、任何买卖或行业，都可以来领五英镑和奥利弗·退斯特。